Page 3 Warranty Confirmation Warranty Confirmation Return this card within 60 days of purchase to confirm your warranty. You can mail it to Sensors & Software, fax it to +1-905-624-9365, or register your product online at www.sensoft.ca/product-registration. Name: Company Name: Address: City: State/Province: Zip Code: Country:...
Page 4 Warranty Confirmation...
Page 5 End User License Agreement Please read the End User License Agreement at https://www.sensoft.ca/producteula/ Product Warranty and Limited Liability Please refer to the terms and conditions included as part of your order acknowledgement and/or invoice for full details of the product warranty and limited liability. Important Safety Information Use the Display Unit only as specified in these operating instructions, or the protection provided by the unit may be impaired.
Page 6 Overview...
Page 7 Table of Contents Overview ......................11 Assembly ......................13 Out of the box External GPS (optional) Fully Assembled Getting Started ....................21 Powering Up Shutting Down Interacting with the Display Unit Swipe Down Menu Tools & Setup ..................... 25 Preferences 4.1.1 Language / Locale 4.1.2...
Page 8 Table of Contents 6.6.1 Zoom 6.6.2 Color 6.6.3 Filter 6.6.4 Gain 6.6.5 Soil Cal 6.6.6 Interp 6.6.7 No Save Mode Grid Scan ....................... 67 Grid Parameters 7.1.1 Grid Number 7.1.2 Grid Size 7.1.3 Grid Resolution 7.1.4 Starting data collection Laying out the grid Data Collection 7.3.1 Physical Data collection...
Page 9: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Care & Maintenance ..................109 14.1 Battery Care 14.2 Cable Care 14.3 Skid Pads 14.4 Odometer 14.5 Storage Cases 14.6 Upgrading Embedded Software on Display Unit Parts List & Accessories ................. 113 15.1 Spare Parts 15.2 Accessories Technical Specifications .................
Page 11 Overview Overview The manual references embedded software version V1 R1. To see which software version is installed on your system, see the Swipe Down menu in Section 3.4. ® The LMX150™ FINDAR is a complete Ground Penetrating Radar system, offering two modes for acquiring data: Line Scan and Grid Scan.
Page 12 Overview...
Page 13 Assembly Assembly 2.1 Out of the box You will find the following components in your box. Some of these may already be assembled. Attach the Cart Handle to Cart Base using the Handle Pins. Ensure the Display Unit Tray is facing the operator.
Page 14 Assembly Attach the GPR Sensor to the Cart using the Sensor Support Straps. Ensure the Sensor is oriented the correct way with the connections toward the back of the Cart. Using the Sensor Support Straps, adjust the height of the Sensor so it is 1-2 cm (½ – ¾ inch) above the ground. The best way to get a uniform Sensor height is to place a couple of sheets of thick cardboard, particle board or Styrofoam under the sensor before securing the Sensor Support Straps.
Page 15 Assembly Attach the Display Cable to the back of the Display Unit with the jackscrews. Connect the other end of the cable to the Sensor. Ensure the cable is routed as shown below.
Page 16 Assembly Set the battery onto the inclined shelf on the back of the cart. Align the Velcro on the battery to the Velcro on the cart. Secure battery by fastening the plastic buckle and tighten straps if necessary. Attach the Odometer and Battery Cables. The Odometer Cable connects from the odometer to the closest receptacle on the Sensor.
Page 17 Assembly 2.2 External GPS (optional) The instructions for connecting the GPS, mount and cable are below: GPS Mount – The GPS mount attaches to the crossbar frame above the battery, using a quick release pin. There is a pipe plug that needs to be removed first. Once that is done, ensure the pole is pointed up, then insert the GPS mount into the opening where the plug was removed and secure with the quick release pin.
Page 18 Assembly different and could damage the Trimble AG-200 GPS. Connect the 90 end of the GPS cable to the GPS receiver, and the other end to the serial port on the back of the display unit. This single cable powers the GPS and receives data from it. Ensure that the Display Unit is powered down when connecting or disconnecting the GPS cable.
Page 19 Assembly 2.3 Fully Assembled ® The fully assembled LMX150™ FINDAR will look like the following. Simply reverse directions to disassemble for transport.
Page 20 Assembly...
Page 21 Getting Started Getting Started 3.1 Powering Up When the battery is first plugged in, the LED goes green for 5 seconds then disappears. To start the system, press the red power button on the display unit. The LED on the front panel will light up red.
Page 22 Getting Started ® Figure 3-2: Main Screen for LMX150™ FINDAR From the main menu, select the project number to work in. Projects that contain data are in red color, whereas those with no data are in green. As you change projects, the main screen will also display the number of lines and grids collected in each project.
Page 23 Getting Started Item Description Camera Saves a screenshot of line data, grid data or the Map View display. Asterisk / Special Function Used for adding Flags during data acquisition, and to quickly enter the No Save mode for Line Scan data collection. 3.4 Swipe Down Menu Figure 3-3: Swipe-Down menu When the Display Unit is powered on, you can “swipe”...
Page 24 Getting Started Brightness: The Brightness + and - buttons are used to increase and decrease the screen brightness. For example, increasing the Brightness setting may improve the visibility of the screen in bright sunlight. Note, however, that increasing the screen brightness also increases power consumption, thus reducing battery life.
Page 25 Tools & Setup Tools & Setup From the main screen shown in Figure 3-2, press Tools to enter this sub-menu. Here you can set preferences, adjust system settings, perform system tests and manage files. You will see the screen shown in Figure 4-1: Figure 4-1: Tools Menu 4.1 Preferences Selecting the preferences option will take you to the sub-menu shown in Figure 4-2.
Page 26 Tools & Setup There are several parameters that can be modified. Touch the screen and swipe up or down to scroll and view additional parameters. To change a value, press the value on the right side of the screen. Alternatively, use the up and down arrows on the 4-way keypad to highlight the desired parameter, then press Edit.
Page 27 Tools & Setup 4.1.5 Brightness Scroll bar for adjusting the brightness of the screen. Note that increasing the brightness consumes more battery power. This can also be changed by using the Swipe Down menu (Section 3.4) anytime the system is not collecting data. 4.1.6 Wi-Fi Network Connecting to a wireless network allows you to send a mini-report to someone by e-mail.
Page 28 Tools & Setup o Connect – Select the desired network and press Connect. If the connection is successful (this can take a minute or so) a screen appears asking for the password for that network. If the network name is yellow (from a previous connection to this network), it will not ask for a password because it is a remembered network.
Page 29 Tools & Setup 3) Select Security from the left menu 4) Scroll down to the Signing into Google section and turn on 2-Step Verification (if it is not already enabled). Follow the onscreen instructions to add/verify your phone number...
Page 30 Tools & Setup 5) Return to the Security menu and you should now find the App passwords option under Signing into Google. Click on App passwords. 6) Under “Select app” choose Mail, and under “Select device” choose Other and enter an appropriate name (i.e., DVL).
Page 31 Tools & Setup Once you have made the changes in your Google account, continue below (Figure 4-5): Figure 4-5: Using GMAIL as e-mail provider • Press Username to display a keyboard where you can enter your GMAIL username only; you do not need to enter @gmail.com. Then press OK when done (Figure 4-6a) •...
Page 32 Tools & Setup Using Another Provider To use another e-mail provider, press the + and – buttons under Provider until it says Custom. This will display the screen shown in Figure 4-7 allowing you to setup and configure a different e-mail provider: Figure 4-7: Entering e-mail address and password for another e-mail provider •...
Page 33 Tools & Setup Below is the chart for some common e-mail providers: Server Enable Provider Host name Port Yahoo smtp.mail.yahoo.com Hotmail/Outlook smtp.live.com iCloud smtp.mail.me.com 163.com smtp.163.com Yandex smtp.yandex.com If there are no warning messages, the e-mail address is setup properly and you are ready to e- mail mini-reports from the field.
Page 34 Tools & Setup Figure 4-8: GPR Line Plot Options • Auto-Hide Buttons - If this is set to ON, then in Line Scan mode, the buttons at the bottom of the screen disappear shortly after data collection begins, effectively enlarging the area for data display.
Page 35 Tools & Setup 4.2 System Test The system test sub-menu (Figure 4-10) allows the user to perform certain tests to ensure proper operation of the system. Select the component to test then press Start. After completing a test there is an indication of whether the system passed or failed the test. Each test is described below in more detail.
Page 36 Tools & Setup System Information is the only option in System Test which is not actually a test. Here information such as the version, serial numbers, temperature and battery power are displayed. (Figure 4-11). Pressing Export will just export a System Summary Report with this information to a USB stick.
Page 37 Tools & Setup Figure 4-13: Keypad Test Once that is complete, a short LED test will ensue, which checks the proper operation of the LED. 4.2.3 Audio This test ensures that the speaking is operating properly. After starting the test, you should hear a sound with an increasing pitch.
Page 38 Tools & Setup 4.2.4 Touch Screen The test checks proper operation of the touch screen (Figure 4-15). It allows you to test the screen (by pressing Test) or perform a quick calibration followed by a test (by pressing Calibrate). Both involve touching targets on the screen in the allotted time. Figure 4-15: Touch Screen test on the left, Touch Screen calibration test on the right 4.2.5 GPR Sensor This test checks proper operation of the GPR sensor, including the amplitude of the pulse.
Page 39 Tools & Setup 4.2.6 Odometer This test ensures that the odometer is calibrated properly for distance. Even though the odometer is calibrated in the factory, you must calibrate it periodically to ensure accuracy. This is particularly important as the calibration can change with different surface materials. When selecting this option, you will see the screen in Figure 4-17.
Page 40 Tools & Setup Figure 4-18: Doing an odometer test Figure 4-19: Odometer Test passed on left, failed on the right • Odometer Calibration - This option actually calibrates the odometer (Figure 4-20). Choose a set distance from the screen or select Custom. Then press Start and then move the system that exact distance, using a measuring tape or other known distance indicator.
Page 41 Tools & Setup Figure 4-20: Odometer Calibration – select a distance and then press Start Upon completion, it displays the screen in Figure 4-21 (left image). You can either accept the new value by pressing Accept or revert back to the previous value by pressing Reject. If the new value is significantly out of range, the test will fail Figure 4-21 (right image).
Page 42 Tools & Setup Figure 4-22: GPS Test The basic position and time information is displayed on the screen. On the screen, the Fix Type notes if there are any corrections being applied, such as DGPS. When first going outside, give it a few minutes to track, or lock onto satellites.
Page 43 Tools & Setup Press GPS Setup to see the screen in Figure 4-24. Figure 4-24: GPS Setup screen The following buttons are explained below: o GPS Mode –you can select whether to use the internal GPS, external GPS or no GPS at all (Off).
Page 44 Tools & Setup Figure 4-25: Warning message about enabling power to the serial port 4.3 File Management Press File Management to enter this sub-menu. From here, the user can view screenshots, export data and delete all data (Figure 4-26). Figure 4-26: File Management displays the lines, grids and screenshots for a given project in the middle column. The right column displays the total for each that are saved on the system.
Page 45 Tools & Setup 4.3.1 Screenshot Gallery This allows the user to view all screenshots that were saved by pressing the Camera button (Section 11.1). The display will show a Tile View of four screenshots per page (Figure 4-27). If there are more than four screenshots, swipe the screen from right to left to view the rest. Alternatively, you can also use the Left and Right arrow keys on the 4-way directional keypad Figure 4-27: Tile View in Screenshot Gallery From the Tile View, the user has the following options:...
Page 46 Tools & Setup 4.3.2 Delete Project Pressing this will delete the currently selected project. There is a confirmation window asking if you are sure; press Yes to continue deleting, press No to cancel. 4.3.3 Map View Pressing this will display a map view for all the data (lines & grids) in a given Project (Figure 4-28).
Page 47 GPR Concepts 5 GPR Concepts 5.1 Theory Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology uses radio waves to image objects in the subsurface. The subsurface may consist of soil, rock, asphalt and other materials. GPR systems emit high frequency radio wave pulses and detect the echoes that return from objects within the subsurface.
Page 48 GPR Concepts Apex of hyperbola is where objects is located 5.3 Calculating Depth Ground penetrating radar records the time it takes a radio wave to travel to a target and back; it does not measure the depth to that target directly. Depth to target is calculated based on the velocity with which the wave travels to the target and back.
Page 49 GPR Concepts Material Soil Cal Dry Soil Dry Rock Soil Wet Rock Concrete Pavement Wet Soil Water 5.5 Air Waves Some hyperbolas are caused by air wave reflections from objects above ground, such as posts, fences, overhead wires, and trees. The following image displays how air wave reflections affect data: An important part of understanding the data image is learning to recognize these unwanted "air"...
Page 50 GPR Concepts...
Page 51 Line Scan 6 Line Scan Line Scan mode allows the operator to acquire data along a straight line and examine it as a cross-section image. The operator can locate a feature and easily back-up and mark the location of that object on the ground. Line Scan mode can also be used to get accurate depth measurements.
Page 52 Line Scan To collect data without saving it, press No Save Mode (Section 6.6.7). Any data collected will NOT be saved, but screen shots can still be taken with the Camera button. These screen shots get placed in the currently selected project. If the line number is white (Figure 6-1), Press Start to enter data acquisition.
Page 53 Line Scan Figure 6-3: When the button showing the line number is pressed, this screen allows the user to directly input the line they wish to go to 6.2 Acquiring Data Press the Start button to begin collecting data. The screen will change to the data acquisition screen.
Page 54 Line Scan Position Axis Depth Axis Figure 6-4: Line Scan acquisition mode, showing collected data and axis labels. DynaQ® indicator is shown at the bottom above the menu options. ® 6.3 DynaQ ® The system uses DynaQ , an advanced patented technology that adjusts data quality as the system movement speed varies.
Page 55 Line Scan • Position Indicator: The red vertical line corresponds to the location at the center of the GPR sensor. As you pull the cart backwards, the Position Indicator moves to mark the current location of the cart in the image and a box appears with the current position, relative to the start of the line, listed as the top number.
Page 56 Line Scan Figure 6-6: Touch screen to get depth and horizontal position at any point Pressing Stop ends the line. This line is saved internally on the system and cannot be added to. Use the Left and Right directional arrow buttons to scroll and view data not currently displayed on the screen.
Page 57 Line Scan Figure 6-7: Inserting Flags 6.6 Line Scan menu options All the settings described below change the way the data is viewed on the screen. They do not alter the saved data in any way. These settings can be changed while you are still collecting data, after you have pressed Stop, or when viewing a previously saved line.
Page 58 Line Scan Figure 6-8: Varying displayed depth Figure 6-9: Varying position, or horizontal scaling...
Page 59 Line Scan 6.6.2 Color Pressing this changes the color palette for the GPR Lines. There are 9 different color palette options. The image is automatically re-displayed as the color palette changes. A few sample color palettes are shown in Figure 6-10. Figure 6-10: Changing Color palettes 6.6.3 Filter The Filter is a background subtraction filter used for removing flat-lying responses in the data.
Page 60 Line Scan Figure 6-11: Showing Filter Off, variable filter lengths. 6.6.4 Gain Since the material being scanned absorbs the GPR signal, deeper targets return weaker signals. Gain acts like an audio volume control, amplifying signals and making deeper targets appear stronger in the image. Gain values vary from 1 to 9 where 1 means a minimal amplification has been applied and 9 means that maximum amplification has been applied.
Page 61 Line Scan Figure 6-12: Varying the Gain 6.6.5 Soil Cal The Soil Cal (also known as velocity) is a parameter used to ensure that measured depths are accurate. The best way to ensure this is by using the hyperbola-fitting method, since it is based on data collected in the area.
Page 62 Line Scan be moved up and down by touching the screen and dragging it, or using the up & down keypad arrows such that it lines up with the top of the hyperbola in question (Figure 6-13). Figure 6-13: Adjusting Soil Cal while in backup mode On the other hand, if you press Soil Cal while you are collecting data or have pressed Stop, you will see a red hyperbola in the middle of the screen.
Page 63 Line Scan Figure 6-15: Adjusting Soil Cal, without backing up For either scenario above, once the red hyperbola is properly positioned, you can now use the + and – buttons on the Soil Cal button to widen or tighten the shape. Once the shape is matched (Figure 6-13 and bottom image of Figure 6-15), you now have the correct Soil Cal and the measured depths will be most accurate.
Page 64 Line Scan Figure 6-16: Touching the screen to put Interps Figure 6-17: Available colors for Interps...
Page 65 Line Scan 6.6.7 No Save Mode No Save Mode allows you to collect Line Scan data without saving it. All other options available in regular Line Scan mode are available, with the exception of Interps. Figure 6-18: Drawing arrows on the screen to highlight targets and features The user also has the ability to draw arrows on the screen (Figure 6-18).
Page 66 Line Scan...
Page 67 Grid Scan 7 Grid Scan Grid scans are conducted to generate depth slices over a given area. This is useful for locating all known and unknown objects, as well as their orientation, in a graphical manner that is easy to interpret. From the main menu (Figure 3-2), press the Grid Scan button to enter the Grid setup menu.
Page 68 Grid Scan Figure 7-2: When the button showing the grid number is pressed, this screen allows the user to directly input the grid they wish to go to If a grid already contains some data, it will be shown in red and you will not be able to change the size or resolution.
Page 69 Grid Scan 7.1.2 Grid Size Press the + and - buttons under Grid Size at the bottom of the screen to change the dimensions of the grid. Alternatively, you can press the + and - buttons on the screen beside Grid Size on the upper part of the screen.
Page 70 Grid Scan 7.1.4 Starting data collection Press Start when all the parameters are setup and data collection is ready to begin. 7.2 Laying out the grid Positional accuracy of each line is vital to locating targets of interest once data has been processed.
Page 71 Grid Scan Figure 7-6: Forming a right-angle triangle Step 3 – Mark the Line Start Positions – with the tape measure still on the ground, mark the line start positions based on the line spacings (Figure 7-7). Usually flags or paint work for grass, and chalk or paint on concrete.
Page 72 Grid Scan Figure 7-8: Marking ending positions An example grid layout is shown in Figure 7-9. Figure 7-9: Example of a grid survey. The red lines are superimposed just to illustrate the concept. 7.3 Data Collection 7.3.1 Physical Data collection It is critical that the starting position is consistent on every line.
Page 73 Grid Scan In addition, not all lines have to be collected. If your area of interest is only 4m x 4m, set the Grid Size to 5m x 5m, but just don’t collect the outer lines. 7.3.2 Data collection on the Display Unit The data collection screen is shown in Figure 7-10.
Page 74 Grid Scan 7.3.3 Collecting around an obstruction From time to time, there may be an obstruction (such as a tree or rock) in your survey area. There is a temptation to pick up the system, move it around the obstruction and continue collecting.
Page 75 Grid Scan Figure 7-12: Line View screen 7.3.5 Recollecting & skipping lines You may want to recollect a line if you make a mistake. To move to a different line: • Press the + and - buttons under Grid Line OR •...
Page 76 Grid Scan 7.3.6 Processing data Once you have finished collecting all the data, press Slice View at the bottom of the screen. Before the data is processed and depth slices created, you must ensure the Soil Cal is accurate; this will result in the most accurate and sharpest images. A message will display advising the Soil Cal that will be used (Figure 7-14).
Page 77 Slice View 8 Slice View Slice View displays data collected in a grid as a series of depth slices moving deeper into the subsurface. Objects and features appear in plan view, which can be an easier way of visualizing the data. Upon entering Slice View, the screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 8-1.
Page 78 Slice View 8.2 Line View Pressing this button displays the currently selected GPR line as a full screen image. All the functionality of Line Scan (such as Depth, Color, Filter, Gain, Soil Cal, Interps) are available here (Figure 8-2). Use the 4-way directional keypad to change to a different line. Figure 8-2: Changing Line View settings from within Slice View.
Page 79 Slice View Figure 8-3: Varying the sensitivity, from top to bottom: Low, Medium and High settings. High shows more subtle targets but may sometimes appear cluttered while the Low setting only displays the strongest targets so be cautious when using it.
Page 80 Slice View 8.4 Grid Lines Pressing this button overlays grid lines on the depth slice image, and cycles between ON, PARTIAL or OFF. When set to ON, all the collected lines are displayed. When set to PARTIAL, only some of the grid lines are displayed. This may be necessary for some larger grids as having all the grid lines ON tends to obscure the image beneath (Figure 8-4).
Page 81 Slice View Figure 8-4: Varying the Grid Lines, from top to bottom: ON, PARTIAL and OFF settings. 8.5 Recollecting lines After looking at the grid data in Slice View you may discover that one or more grid lines need to be recollected (for example, maybe the starting position was offset).
Page 82 Slice View...
Page 83 Map View 9 Map View Map View is a unique feature that allows the user to graphically view the path travelled by the system, and any flags or interpretations made. It will also display a view showing the lines collected as part of a grid. A common use of this feature is to snake back and forth over a given area.
Page 84 Map View Figure 9-2: Map View showing the position of two grids and one line • Pressing Zoom +/- will zoom accordingly. To reposition the image in the middle of the screen, simply swipe the screen until the image is positioned properly. •...
Page 85 Demonstration Data Demonstration Data ® Demo Data is pre-loaded on all LMX150™ FINDAR systems, and is found in the Demo project folder (from the main screen, press the minus button when you are in Project 1). The Demo project contains 3 lines and 2 grids, and is used to illustrate various application examples. From a learning point of view, it is recommended go through each line and see the affect of changing display parameters (zoom, depth, calibrating velocity).
Page 86 Demonstration Data Line 3: This Line Scan shows a metal object causing a “ringy” response at position 6.6m; two objects, indicated by hyperbolic responses, at 11.0m and 13.4m; a zone of disturbed soil from 14.8m to 17.2m. There is also a strong, dipping object or boundary from positions 6 to 10 meters.
Page 87 Demonstration Data Grid 1: This Grid Scan shows a 10 x 10-meter grid survey, with collected lines spaced 0.25m apart. The data was collected in one direction only (Y-Lines), as these were graves in a cemetery and the operator knew the direction of the burials based on the grave markers. Depth slicing downward reveals the general shape and varying depth of the coffins, which start to appear at 0.45m deep.
Page 88 Demonstration Data...
Page 89 Capturing Screens & E-mailing Mini-Reports 11 Capturing Screens & E-mailing Mini-Reports 11.1 Capturing Screens If you would like to save an image of the current screen in Line Scan, Grid Scan, Slice View or Map View, press the Camera button on the Display Unit. This saves the screen as a Screenshot image (.JPG), which can be viewed in any third-party viewing software.
Page 90 Capturing Screens & E-mailing Mini-Reports Figure 11-2: Message after pressing the Camera button on the Display Unit to capture the screen with Wi-Fi enabled and a connection to a wireless network. The user can enter an email address to send the mini-report to. 11.2 Using the Hotspot on your Smartphone If a Wi-Fi signal in unavailable, you may be able to use your Smartphone as a Wi-Fi access point, by creating a Personal Hotspot.
Page 91 Capturing Screens & E-mailing Mini-Reports Note that when setting up a Personal Hotspot, you may be disconnected from any Wi-Fi networks. Vice-versa, if you have a Personal Hotspot setup, attempting to connect to a Wi-Fi network may disconnect your personal hotspot. 11.3 Mini-Reports When a screenshot is e-mailed, it is sent as part of a mini-report.
Page 92 Capturing Screens & E-mailing Mini-Reports Figure 11-3: Example of a Mini-Report...
Page 93 Transferring Data to a PC Transferring Data to a PC Data can be exported to a PC by inserting a USB drive into the USB port (Figure 12-1). USB-memory stick Figure 12-1: Insert a USB memory stick into the USB port on the Display Unit to export data. Once the USB drive is recognized, a message will appear telling you that a drive has been inserted and if you wish to export your data to it (Figure 12-2).
Page 94 Transferring Data to a PC show up in EKKO_Project™ as depth slices (you will need an additional module to view them) – Section 12.3. Figure 12-3: Insert a USB memory stick into the USB port on the Display Unit to export data. Alternatively, if you want to export the data later, you can select No for the time being.
Page 95 Transferring Data to a PC 12.2 Directory Structure The directory structure on the USB drive can be viewed on your PC, and will look as follows: • GPR Data • FINDAR o Export01 ▪ Project1 • Screen Shots o All Screenshots as .JPG files •...
Page 96 Transferring Data to a PC 12.3 Field Interpretations File If any interpretations are made a Field Interp Report file is created. This file is a CSV (Comma separated values) format, most commonly opened with Microsoft Excel. The file will list any Interps and Flags added to data in the field. The position, depth and colour of each Interp is listed, along with GPS positions (if a GPS was connected).
Page 97 Transferring Data to a PC Figure 12-6: Path travelled with Interpretations, collected using an External GPS Opening the data in EKKO_Project™ and creating depth slices, will allow you to export those slices to Google Earth (Figure 12-7). Figure 12-7: Depth slice displayed in Google Earth...
Page 98 Transferring Data to a PC 12.5 System Summary Report The System Summary report is a PDF file, which lists system usage information, serial numbers and when system tests were done and their pass/fail status. An example file is shown below: 12.6 EKKO_Project™...
Page 99 Transferring Data to a PC Figure 12-8: Main screen of EKKO_Project™...
Page 100 Transferring Data to a PC...
Page 101 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting ® LMX150™ FINDAR is designed to minimize user problems; however, all electronic devices are subject to possible failure. The following are troubleshooting hints which can be referred to if your system fails to operate. 13.1 System Does Not Power Up or Sensor Not Detected If you have connected the cables to the LMX Sensor, Display Unit, and the battery, pressed the Power button on the Display Unit and:...
Page 102 Troubleshooting 1) Wait at least 1-minute and see if the Display Unit starts up. Sometimes the Power LED on the Display Unit fails but the Display Unit is otherwise OK. If the application starts but the LED on the Display Unit does not turn on, test the operation of the LED using the System Test >...
Page 103 Troubleshooting 4) Check the LMX Sensor and Display Unit Connectors Turn off the LMX system and disconnect the battery before disconnecting the cable that connects the Display Unit to the LMX Sensor. a) On the back of the Display Unit, check that none of the 37 pins are missing, bent, or recessed.
Page 104 Troubleshooting 5) Replace the Cable If you have a spare cable, replace the current cable. If the system does not power on or if the LMX Sensor is not detected with either cable, please contact your GPR supplier for further assistance. 6) Test the Cable a) On the end of the cable that connects to the LMX Sensor, check that none of the 37 pins are missing, bent, or recessed.
Page 105 Troubleshooting and sockets #1 or #2 (power, using the red probe) on the end of the cable. If the voltage is zero, there may be a problem with the cable. If the voltage is at least 10.5 volts, the problem may be the Display Unit. Please contact your GPR supplier for further assistance. Display Unit Screen turns White After Powering Up If the Display Unit screen turns completely white after powering up the system, the battery does not have enough voltage to completely power the system.
Page 106 Troubleshooting If the Battery, Battery Cable and Display Cable are OK, the problem is either a failure of the Display Unit or the GPR sensor. These units have no user-serviceable parts so they will have to be returned to the vendor for inspection and repair. 13.3 System Overheating The GPR system is designed to operate to a maximum internal temperature of 70 C or 158 F.
Page 107 Troubleshooting 13.7 Contacting the Vendor for Service When returning the system to the Vendor, have the following information available: GPR sensor Serial Number displayed at the top of the System Settings Screen. A brief description of when the error is happening and the operating conditions (temperature, humidity, sunshine, system settings, etc.).
Page 108 Troubleshooting...
Page 109: Care & Maintenance
Care & Maintenance Care & Maintenance 14.1 Battery Care ® LMX150™ FINDAR uses a 9-Amp-hour, 12-Volt sealed lead acid battery. It is fused with a 10 Amp fuse to protect it from short circuit damage. The battery unit should run the system continuously for 6 hours before recharging is necessary. If long days of data surveying are typical, a second battery unit may be useful.
Page 110: Cable Care
Care & Maintenance 14.2 Cable Care With the use of this product in rough, dusty and outdoor environments, users can minimize potential downtime if they care for cables and treat connectors with respect. The cable connectors as well as the connectors on the GPR Sensor and Display Unit need to stay clean and free of dust and moisture.
Page 111 Care & Maintenance...
Page 112 Care & Maintenance...
Page 113: Parts List & Accessories
Parts List & Accessories Parts List & Accessories 15.1 Spare Parts The following is a list of spare parts available for purchase, with labelled diagram below that: 122-10-2377 Cart Wheel 100-55-0023 Battery with Case 100-53-0098 Display Unit Tray 100-52-0108 Display Cable 126-77-1450 Skid Plate 126-77-2010...
Page 114 Parts List & Accessories...
Page 115: Accessories
Parts List & Accessories 15.2 Accessories The following accessories are available for purchase:...
Page 116 Parts List & Accessories...
Page 117: Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications Technical Specifications Specifications Values GPR Sensor size 380 x 230 x 150 mm (15 x 9 x 6 in) GPR Sensor weight 3 kg (6.5 lbs) Display Unit weight 2.83 kg (6.24 lbs) 8.0" high-visibility, sunlight-readable diagonal LCD display with touch screen Display Unit screen Adjustable backlighting...
Page 118 Technical Specifications...
Page 119: Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification
Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Radio frequency electromagnetic fields may pose a health hazard when the fields are intense. Normal fields have been studied extensively over the past 30 years with no conclusive epidemiology relating electromagnetic fields to health problems.
Page 120 Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification...
Page 121: Appendix B: Gpr Emissions, Interference And Regulations
Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other apparatus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non- functional.
Page 122 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations FCC Interpretation of Operation Restrictions issued July 12, 2002 (FCC Order DA02-1658, paragraph 9) The regulations contain restrictions on the parties that are eligible to operate imaging systems (See 47 C.F.R. 5.509(b), 15.511(b), and 15.513(b)). Under the new regulations, GPRs and wall imaging systems may be used only by law enforcement, fire and emergency rescue organizations, by scientific research institutes, by commercial mining companies, and by construction companies.
Page 123 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Federal Communications Commission 445 12 Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20554 Attn: UWB Coordination (Sensors & Software Inc. Note: The form given on the following page is a suggested format for performing the coordination.) (c) The manufacturers, or their authorized sales agents, must inform purchasers and users of their systems of the requirement to undertake detailed coordination of operational areas with the FCC prior to the equipment being operated.
Page 124 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations FCC GROUND PENETRATING RADAR COORDINATION NOTICE NAME: ADDRESS: CONTACT INFORMATION [ CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER AREA OF OPERATION [ COUNTIES STATES OR LARGER AREAS FCC ID: QJQ-NG500 EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE: NG500 Send the information to: Frequency Coordination Branch., OET Federal Communications Commission 445 12...
Page 125 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) In the European Community (EC), GPR instruments must conform to ETSI (European Technical Standards Institute) standard EN 302 066-1 v1.2.1. Details on individual country requirements for licensing are coordinated with this standard.
Page 126 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-3a Industry Canada Regulations - English Industry Canada published it regulations for ground penetrating radar (GPR) on Mar 29 2009 as part of the RSS-220 titled 'Devices Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology'. Industry Canada has made a unique exception for GPR by not requiring user licensing. The user does have to comply with the following directives: This Ground Penetrating Radar Device shall be operated only when in contact with or within 1 m of the ground.
Page 127 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-3b Règlement d'Industrie Canada - Français Industrie Canada a publié des règlements pour les appareils géoradar (GPR) le 29 mars 2009, dans le cadre du RSS-220 intitulé "Dispositifs utilisant la bande ultra-large (UWB)". Industrie Canada a faite une exception unique pour GPR en n'exigeant pas de licence par utilisateur.
Page 128 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations...
Page 129: Appendix C: Instrument Interference
Appendix C: Instrument Interference Appendix C: Instrument Interference Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions.
Page 130 Appendix C: Instrument Interference...
Page 131: Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices
Appendix D: Safety around Explosive Devices Appendix D: Safety around Explosive Devices Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of GPR products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors &...
Page 132 Appendix D: Safety around Explosive Devices...
Page 133: Appendix E: Wi-Fi Module
Appendix E: Wi-Fi Module Appendix E: Wi-Fi Module FCC Notice: NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Page 134 Appendix E: Wi-Fi Module...
Page 135: Appendix F: Calibration
Appendix F: Calibration Appendix F: Calibration This Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system has been manufactured according to Sensors & Software’s strict quality standards. All components used in the manufacture of this product are obtained from qualified vendors. This product has been through a stringent set of tests to ensure all quality requirements are met which includes final system calibration and configuration.
Page 136 Appendix F: Calibration...

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