Arcteq AQ-M257 Instruction Manual
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Arcteq AQ-M257 Instruction Manual

Motor protection device
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AQ-M257
Motor protection device
Instruction manual

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Summary of Contents for Arcteq AQ-M257

  • Page 1 AQ-M257 Motor protection device Instruction manual...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    3.2 Configuring user levels and their passwords................. 15 4 Functions unctions ...................................................... 17 4.1 Functions included in AQ-M257................... 17 4.2 Measurements........................19 4.2.1 Current measurement and scaling in differential applications ........19 4.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling ................32 4.2.3 Voltage memory ......................
  • Page 3 6 Connections and applic 6 Connections and applica a tion examples tion examples..................................482 6.1 Connections of AQ-M257 ....................482 6.2 Application example and its connections................484 6.3 Trip circuit supervision (95) ....................485 7 Construction and installa 7 Construction and installation tion ....................
  • Page 4 8.2.1.22 Underimpedance protection (Z<; 21U) ............. 547 8.2.1.23 Power factor protection (PF<; 55) ............. 547 8.2.1.24 Resistance temperature detectors (RTD) ..........548 8.2.1.25 Arc fault protection (IArc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50NArc) (optional) ..... 549 8.2.2 Control functions ..................... 550 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 5 8.3 Tests and environmental ....................554 9 Or 9 Ordering inf dering informa ormation tion ..............................................557 10 Contact and r 10 Contact and re e f f er erence inf ence informa ormation tion....................................559 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 6 Nothing contained in this document shall increase the liability or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and/or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements.

  • Page 7: Document Inf

    - Order codes revised. - Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module descriptions Revision 2.02 Date 7.7.2020 Changes - A number of image descriptions improved. Revision 2.03 Date 27.8.2020 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 8 - Tech data updated: overfrequency, underfrequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency. - Improvements to many drawings and formula images. - AQ-M257 Functions included list Added: Power factor protection, motor status monitoring, voltage memory, indicator objects, vector jump protection, another instance of CTS, running hour counterv and measurement recorder.
  • Page 9 - Added more descriptions to new IEC 61850 ed2 GOOSE parameters. - Added "Condition monitoring / CB wear" description to object description. - Added "User button" description. - Added logical device and logical node mode descriptions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 10: Version 1 Revision Notes

    Version: 2.09 Revision 2.09 Date 14.3.2023 - Updated the Arcteq logo on the cover page and refined the manual's visual look. - Added the "Safety information" chapter and changed the notes throughout the document accordingly. - Changed the "IED user interface" chapter's title to "Device user interface" and replaced all 'IED' terms with 'device' or 'unit'.

  • Page 11: Abbreviations

    CB – Circuit breaker CBFP – Circuit breaker failure protection CLPU – Cold load pick-up CPU – Central processing unit CT – Current transformer CTM – Current transformer module CTS – Current transformer supervision DG – Distributed generation © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 12 RMS – Root mean square RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RTD – Resistance temperature detector RTU – Remote terminal unit SCADA – Supervisory control and data acquisition SG – Setting group SOTF – Switch-on-to-fault © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 13 -M257 1.4 Abbreviations Instruction manual Version: 2.09 SW – Software THD – Total harmonic distortion TRMS – True root mean square VT – Voltage transformer VTM – Voltage transformer module VTS – Voltage transformer supervision © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 14: General

    Version: 2.09 2 General The AQ-M257 motor protection device is a member of the AQ 250 product line. The hardware and software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions. This manual describes the specific application of the AQ-M257 motor protection device.

  • Page 15: Device User Int Vice User Interface Erface

    Home Home and the password activation buttons). 6. Twelve (12) freely configurable function buttons (F1…F12). Each button has a freely configurable LED (red, orange, green). 7. One (1) RJ-45 Ethernet port for device configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 16: Configuring User Levels And Their Passwords

    The different user levels and their star indicators are as follows (also, see the image below for the HMI view): • Super user (***) • Configurator (**) • Operator (*) • User ( - ) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 17 Unlocking and locking a user level generates a time-stamped event to the event log in all AQ 250 series devices. NOTICE! TICE! Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour (30 minutes) of inactivity. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 18: Functions Unctions

    4.1 Functions included in AQ-M257 Version: 2.09 4 Functions 4.1 Functions included in AQ-M257 The AQ-M257 motor protection relay includes the following functions as well as the number of stages for those functions. Table. 4.1 - 3. Protection functions of AQ-M257. F F unction...
  • Page 19 4 Functions A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4.1 Functions included in AQ-M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.09 ROCOF df/dt>/< (1...8) Rate-of-change of frequency I2> Negative sequence overcurrent/ I2>> 46/46R/ CUB (4) phase current reversal/ X X X I2>>> current unbalance protection I2>>>>...

  • Page 20: Measurements

    A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.2 Measurements Version: 2.09 Table. 4.1 - 4. Control functions of AQ-M257. F F unction unction packa package Name ( Name (number number ANSI ANSI Descrip Description tion A A B B C C...
  • Page 21 For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are connected to the correct inputs, that the current direction is connected correctly, and that the scaling is set correctly. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 22 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 23 TrafoModule → Idx> [87T,87N] → Settings ). This way the direction of the measured currents are checked correctly from the device's perspective. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 24 As seen in the image above, device calculates both the HV side nominal current (669.2 A) and the LV side nominal current (5,888.97 A). The nominal current calculations are done according to the following formulas: The HV and LV side nominal current can also be calculated in per unit values as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 25 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 26 [87T,87N] → Settings ). The difference with the first application is that here the CTs point towards the protected object instead of pointing through it. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 27 CTs are checked. In Application 2 it is necessary to inject higher amplitudes to the CTs via the secondary injection tool in order to reach the nominal currents. See the example calculation below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 28 CT scaling factor P/S between the primary current and the secondary current. A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio CT scaling factor NOM between the set primary current and the set nominal current. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 29 The following measurements are available in the measured current channels. Table. 4.2.1 - 11. Per-unit phase current measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current 0.000…1 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from each of the × In 0.001 250.000 phase current channels. ("Pha.curr.ILx") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 30 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the residual current I0x × In 0.001 250.000 current channel I01 or I02. ("Res.curr.I0x") 0.000…1 The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated Calculated I0 × In 0.001 250.000 I0 current channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 31 Unit Range Step Description Residual current angle I0x The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or 0.000…360.000 0.001 ("Res.curr.angle I02 current input. I0x") Calculated I0 angle 0.000…360.000 0.001 The calculated residual current angle measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 32 Secondary negative sequence current The secondary measurement from the calculated 0.000…300.000 0.001 ("Sec.Negative negative sequence current. sequence curr.") Secondary zero sequence current The secondary measurement from the calculated 0.000…300.000 0.001 ("Sec.Zero sequence zero sequence current. curr.") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 33: Voltage Measurement And Scaling

    The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions (the protection function availability depends of the device type). It is essential to understand the concept of voltage measurements to be able to get correct measurements. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 34 VT ratings. In the figure below, three line-to-neutral voltages are connected along with the zero sequence voltage; therefore, the 3LN+U4 mode must be selected and the U4 channel must be set as U0. Other possible connections are presented later in this chapter. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 35 ( Protection → Voltage → [protection stage menu] → INFO ; see the image below). The number of available protection functions depends on the device type. Figure. 4.2.2 - 11. Selecting the measured magnitude. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 36 • 2LL+U3+U4 (two line-to-line voltages and the U3 and the U4 channels can be used for synchrochecking, zero sequence voltage, or for both) The 3LN+U0 is the most common voltage measurement mode. See below for example connections of voltage line-to-line measurement (3LL on the left, 2LL on the right). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 37 In the image below is an example of 2LL+U0+SS, that is, two line-to-line measurements with the zero sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchrocheck. Since U0 is available, line-to-neutral voltages can be calculated. Figure. 4.2.2 - 14. 2LL+U0+SS settings and connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 38 The measured voltage amplitude does not match one of the measured phases./ Check the wiring connections between the injection device or the VTs and the device. The calculated U0 is measured even though it should not. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 39 "U4 mode U0 or SS" has been set to 2: Open the "U0" mode. delta Voltage 0: Disabled Activates the voltage memory. The "Voltage memory" memory 1: Activated Disabled chapter describes the function in more detail. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 40 VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the primary factor p.u. Pri voltage's per-unit value. VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the factor p.u. Sec secondary voltage's per-unit value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 41 The secondary RMS voltage measurement from each of the voltage Ux 0.00…500.00 0.01 voltage channels. ("Ux Volt sec") Secondary voltage Ux 0.00…500.00 0.01 The secondary TRMS voltage (inc. harmonics up to 31 TRMS measurement from each of the voltage channels. ("UxVolt TRMS sec") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 42 ("Pos.seq.Volt.sec") Secondary negative 0.00…4 The secondary measurement from the calculated sequence voltage 0.01 800.00 negative sequence voltage. ("Neg.seq.Volt.sec") Secondary zero sequence 0.00…4 The secondary measurement from the calculated zero voltage 0.01 800.00 sequence voltage. ("Zero.seq.Volt.sec") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 43 UL1 mag") System voltage magnitude 0.00…1 The primary RMS line-to-neutral UL2 voltage (measured or calculated). You 0.01 can also select the row where the unit for this is kV. ("System 000.00 volt UL2 mag") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 44 UL23 0.00…360.00 0.01 The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated). ("System volt UL23 ang") System voltage angle UL31 0.00…360.00 0.01 The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated). ("System volt UL31 ang") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 45 Defines how the harmonics are displayed: in p.u. values, as 1: Primary V display primary voltage values, or as secondary voltage values. 2: Secondary V Maximum 0.00…100 Displays the maximum harmonics value of the selected harmonics value 0.01 000.00 voltage input Ux. ("UxMaxH") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 46: Voltage Memory

    2. At least one phase current must be above the set value for the "Measured current condition 3I>" parameter. This setting limit is optional. Figure. 4.2.3 - 17. Distance protection characteristics and directional overcurrent. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 47 Table. 4.2.3 - 36. Measurement inputs of the voltage memory function. Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current RMS measurement of voltage U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 48 When the "Forced CT f tracking" parameter is activated and voltages are gone, the frequency from the selected current-based reference channel 3 (the current from IL3) is used for current sampling. This eliminates any possible measurement errors in the fixed frequency mode. Figure. 4.2.3 - 19. Frequency reference channels. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 49: Power And Energy Calculation

    The following equations apply for power calculations with the line-to-neutral mode and the line- to-line voltage mode (with U0 connected and measured): © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 50 The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants. Reactive power may be inductive or capacitive on both forward and reverse directions. Reactive power quadrant can be indicated with Tan (φ) (tangent phi), which is calculated according the following formula: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 51 Table. 4.2.4 - 38. Power and energy measurement settings Name Range Step Default Description Power 0: CT1 Defines which current transformer module is measurement 0: CT1 1: CT2 used in power and energy calculation. currents from © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 52 Enables/disables the reactive energy per phase energy 1: Enabled Disabled measurement. measurement Phase Defines whether energy (per phase) is measured energies 0: Mega 0: Mega megas or 1: Kilo with the prefix 'kilo' (10 ) or 'mega' (10 kilos © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 53 DC 1…4 Pulse 0…1800s 0.005s The total length of a control pulse. length DC1…4 Indicates the total number of pulses Pulses 0…4 294 967 295 sent. sent © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 54 Lx Tan(phi) 0.01 The direction of Phase Lx's active power -1x10 …1x10 Lx Cos(phi) 0.01 The direction of Phase Lx's reactive power -1x10 …1x10 Lx Power factor 0.0001 The power factor of Phase Lx -1x10 …1x10 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 55 995 904.00 Table. 4.2.4 - 44. Single-phase energy calculations (L1...L3). Name Range Step Description Export Active Energy Lx (kWh or 0.01 The exported active energy of the phase. -1x10 …1x10 MWh) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 56 1000 : 5 A. Voltages (line-to-neutral): Currents: = 40.825 V, 45.00° = 2.5 A, 0.00° = 61.481 V, -159.90° = 2.5 A, -120.00° = 97.742 V, 126.21° = 2.5 A, 120.00° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 57 L2 Cos 0.77 L3 Cos L3 Cos 0.99 3PH Cos H Cos 0.87 Voltages (line-to-line): Currents: = 100.00 V, 30.00° = 2.5 A, 0.00° = 100.00 V, -90.00° = 2.5 A, -120.00° = 2.5 A, 120.00° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 58: Frequency Tracking And Scaling

    FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer. The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq's patented calibration algorithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight (8) system frequency points for both magnitude and angle.
  • Page 59 The second reference source for frequency 2: CT2IL2 1: CT1IL2 reference 2 tracking. 3: VT1U2 4: VT2U2 0: None 1: CT1IL3 Frequency 2: CT2IL3 1: CT1IL3 The third reference source for frequency tracking. reference 3 3: VT1U3 4: VT2U3 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 60 Alg f avg 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - tracked frequencies and U4 voltage channel samples. 0: One f measured System 1: Two f Displays the amount of frequencies that are measured measured measured. frequency 2: Three f measured © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 61: General Menu

    The order code identification of the unit. System phase rotating order at The selected system phase rotating order. Can be changed with parameter the moment "System phase rotating order". UTC time The UTC time value which the device's clock uses. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 62 If set to 0 s, this feature is not in use. 0…3600s timeout When the device is in sleep mode pressing any of the buttons on the front panel of the device will wake the display. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 63 Signals set to this point can be used for resetting latched signals. An alternative to Reset latches using the "Back" button on the front panel of the device. Ph.Rotating Logic control Signals set to this point can be used for switching the expected phase rotating 0=A-B-C, 1=A-C-B order. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 64: Protection Functions

    The protection function is run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 65 Figure. 4.4.1 - 24. Pick up and reset. The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if a blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 66 (independent time characteristics). • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): activates the trip signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up value X and the measured value X (dependent time characteristics). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 67 Selects whether the delay curve series for an IDMT operation follows either IEC or IEEE/ANSI standard Delay curve 0: IEC defined characteristics. 0: IEC series 1: IEEE This setting is active and visible when the "Delay type" parameter is set to "IDMT". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 68 "Param". Defines the Constant C for IEEE characteristics. This setting is active and visible when the "Delay type" 0.0000…250.0000 0.0001 0.0200 parameter is set to "IDMT" and the "Delay characteristic" parameter is set to "Param". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 69 = Operating delay (s) t = Operating delay (s) k = Time dial setting k = Time dial setting = Measured maximum current = Measured maximum current = Pick-up setting = Pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 70 1: Yes even if the pick-up element is reset. release time The behavior of the stages with different release time configurations are presented in the figures below. Figure. 4.4.1 - 28. No delayed pick-up release. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 71 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.1 - 29. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter is reset at signal drop-off. Figure. 4.4.1 - 30. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter value is held during the release time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 72: Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 73 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional overcurrent function. Figure. 4.4.2 - 32. Simplified function block diagram of the I> function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 74 Set mode of NOC block. Blocked I> LN mode 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN 4: Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 75 Pick-up setting 0.10…50.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 76 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 77 "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". Figure. 4.4.2 - 33. Typical operation time delays with different current to setting ratios in instant operation mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 78 Phase B Trip OFF NOC1 Phase C Trip ON NOC1 Phase C Trip OFF NOC2 Start ON NOC2 Start OFF NOC2 Trip ON NOC2 Trip OFF NOC2 Block ON NOC2 Block OFF NOC2 Phase A Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 79 Phase A Trip ON NOC3 Phase A Trip OFF NOC3 Phase B Trip ON NOC3 Phase B Trip OFF NOC3 Phase C Trip ON NOC3 Phase C Trip OFF NOC4 Start ON NOC4 Start OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 80: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    ), or peak-to-peak values. The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 81 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional earth fault function. Figure. 4.4.3 - 34. Simplified function block diagram of the I0> fucntion. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 82 General menu. Blocked 5: Off Normal I0> force 1: Start Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. status to 2: Trip Normal Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 83 This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour 4: Test/Blocked mode is enabled in General menu. 5: Off 0: Normal I0> 1: Start Displays status of the protection function. condition 2: Trip 3: Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 84 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 85 Trip OFF NEF2 Block ON NEF2 Block OFF NEF3 Start ON NEF3 Start OFF NEF3 Trip ON NEF3 Trip OFF NEF3 Block ON NEF3 Block OFF NEF4 Start ON NEF4 Start OFF NEF4 Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 86: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The basic design of the protection function is the three-pole operation. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 87 Table. 4.4.4 - 67. Measurement inputs of the Idir> function. Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 88 Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage status to 2: Trip Normal forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. Blocked 1: RMS Measured TRMS Defines which available measured magnitude is used by the function. magnitude Peak- to-peak © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 89 Pick-up setting 0.10…40.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed also when the blocking condition is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 90 In a short- circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation. Figure. 4.4.4 - 37. Operation sector area when the sector center has been set to -45 degrees. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 91 Time When the function has detected a fault and counts down time remaining -1800.000...1800.00s 0.005s towards a trip, this displays how much time is left before to trip tripping occurs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 92 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.4 - 72. Event messages. Event block name Event names DOC1 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 93 Using voltmem ON DOC2 Using voltmem OFF DOC3 Start ON DOC3 Start OFF DOC3 Trip ON DOC3 Trip OFF DOC3 Block ON DOC3 Block OFF DOC3 No voltage, Blocking ON DOC3 Voltage measurable, Blocking OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 94 Event Event name Fault type L1-E...L1-L2-L3 Pre-trigger current Start/Trip -20ms current Fault current Start/Trip current Pre-fault current Start -200ms averages Trip time remaining 0s...1800s Used SG Setting group 1...8 active Operating angle 0...250° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 95: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the directional earth fault function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 96 The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from a START or TRIP event. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 97 1: Side Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. side 2: Side 2 1: I01 Input 2: I02 1: I01 Defines which measured residual current is used by the function. selection 3: I0Calc © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 98 I0 angle blinder (Petersen coil earthed) -90.0…0.0° 0.1° -90° The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 99 Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according to the zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line (ohms per kilometer). It is normal that in cable networks fault currents are higher than in overhead lines. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 100 In emergency situations a line with an earth fault can be used for a specific time. Figure. 4.4.5 - 41. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (Petersen coil earthed network model). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 101 This resistance includes the amplitude of the fault current. In undercompensated or overcompensated situations the resistive component does not change during the fault; therefore, selective tripping is ensured even when the network is slightly undercompensated or overcompensated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 102 Directly earthed or small impedance network schemes are normal in transmission, distribution and industry. The phase angle setting of the tripping area is adjustable as is the base direction of the area (angle offset). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 103 CT errors. For all these reasons, Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault protections.
  • Page 104 No extra parameterization is required compared to the traditional method. The multi- criteria algorithm can be tested with COMTRADE files supplied by Arcteq. The function requires a connection of three-phase currents, residual current and residual voltage to operate correctly.
  • Page 105 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 106 Event block name Event name DEF1 Start ON DEF1 Start OFF DEF1 Trip ON DEF1 Trip OFF DEF1 Block ON DEF1 Block OFF DEF1 I0Cosfi Start ON DEF1 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF1 I0Sinfi Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 107 Trip ON DEF3 Trip OFF DEF3 Block ON DEF3 Block OFF DEF3 I0Cosfi Start ON DEF3 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF3 I0Sinfi Start ON DEF3 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF3 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF3 I0Cosfi Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 108 Start/Trip -20ms current fault current Start/Trip current Fault capacitive I Start/Trip capacitive current Fault resistive I Start/Trip resistive current Fault U Start/Trip voltage (percentage of nominal) Fault U Start/Trip voltage (in Volts) fault angle 0...360° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 109: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    (3) output signals. In instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 110 Phase L3 (C) measured RMS current 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 111 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 112 Both IEC and IEEE/ANSI standard characteristics as well as user settable parameters are available for the IDMT operation. Unique to the current unbalance protection is the availability of the “Curve2” delay which follows the formula below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 113 OFF for messages in the main event buffer. The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. The triggering event of the function (START, TRIP or BLOCKED) is recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 114 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 115: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional harmonic overcurrent function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 116 The magnitudes (RMS) of phase L1 (A) current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic IL1FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 117 The magnitudes (RMS) of residual I0 current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic I01FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 118 General menu. Blocked Ih> 1: Side 1 Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. measurement 1: Side 1 Visible if the unit has more than one current measurement module. 2: Side 2 side © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 119 (in single, dual or all phases) it triggers the pick-up operation of the function. Table. 4.4.7 - 89. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description Pick-up setting 0.05…2.00×I 0.01×I 0.20×I (per unit monitoring) Pick-up setting Ih/IL 5.00…200.00% 0.01% 20.00% (percentage monitoring) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 120 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 121 Trip OFF HOC2 Block ON HOC2 Block OFF HOC3 Start ON HOC3 Start OFF HOC3 Trip ON HOC3 Trip OFF HOC3 Block ON HOC3 Block OFF HOC4 Start ON HOC4 Start OFF HOC4 Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 122: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • input magnitude selection • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs of the function are the following: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 123 RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01 I02RMS RMS measurement of residual input I02 I0Calc Calculated residual current from the phase current inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 124 Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage status to 3: CBFP Normal forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. Blocked 1: Side 1 Measurement 1: Side Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. side 2: Side 2 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 125 This setting limit defines the upper limit for the phase current pick-up element. The pick-up threshold for the residual current measurement. 0.005...40.000×I 0.001×I 1.200×I This setting limit defines the upper limit for the phase current pick-up element. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 126 CBFP time. This way, when retripping another breaker coil clears the fault, any unnecessary function triggers are avoided. The following table presents the setting parameters for the function's operating time characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 127 CBFP starts the timer. This setting defines how long the CBFP 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.200s starting condition has to last before the CBFP signal is activated. The following figures present some typical cases of the CBFP function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 128 The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker's redundant trip coil. The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incomer breaker. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 129 CBFP signal to the incomer breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, both counters (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 130 (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset. This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current-based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 131 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included in the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 132 Probably the most common application is when the device's trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil, while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 133 CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 134 The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset. This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 135 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included to the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 136 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.4 Protection functions Version: 2.09 Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure. 4.4.8 - 57. Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 137 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.8 - 100. Event messages. Event block name Event names CBF1 Start ON CBF1 Start OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 138: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)

    The restricted earth fault function constantly monitors phase currents and selected residual current instant values as well as calculated bias current and differential current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 139 The user can select inputs I01 or I02 for residual current measurement. Please note that when the function is in cable end differential mode, the difference is only calculated when the measured I0 current is available. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 140 If CED is selected, the (REF) or Cable End 0: REF 1: CED natural unbalance created by the phase current CT:s can be Differential compensated for more sensitive operation. The default setting is REF. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 141 Setting for the first slope of the differential characteristics. Turnpoint Setting for second turn point in the bias axe of the differential 0.01…50.00×I 0.01×I 3.00×I characteristics. Setting for the second slope of the differential Slope 2 0.01…250.00% 0.01% 40.00% characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 142 The following figure presents the differential characteristics with default settings. Figure. 4.4.9 - 62. Differential characteristics for the I0d> function with default settings. The equations for the differential characteristics are the following: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 143 This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is behaviour 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off 0: Normal I0d> condition 1: Trip Displays the status of the protection function. 2: Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 144 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. The following figures present some typical applications for this function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 145 CTs are still within the promised 5P class (which is probably the most common CT accuracy class). When the current natural unbalance is compensated in this situation, the differential settings may be set to be more sensitive and the natural unbalance does not, therefore, affect the calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 146 During an outside earth fault the circulating residual current in the faulty phase winding does not cause a trip because the comparison of the measured starpoint current and the calculated residual current differential is close to zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 147 If the fault is located inside of the transformer and thus inside of the protection area, the function catches the fault with high sensitivity. Since the measured residual current now flows in the opposite direction than in the outside fault situation, the measured differential current is high. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 148 TRIP-activated and BLOCKED signals. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 149: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 150 Table. 4.4.10 - 108. Measurement input of the U> function. Signal Description Time base RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 151 The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event. Figure. 4.4.10 - 71. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 152 2LL+U3+U4 mode is in use. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 153 1: On Displays the mode of OV block. 2: Blocked U> LN 3: Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of behaviour 4: Test/Blocked individual LN mode is enabled in General menu. 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 154 The operating timers’ behavior during a function can be set for TRIP signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick-up element is reset before the trip time has been reached. There are three basic operating modes available for the function: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 155 Resetting time. The time allowed between pick-ups if the Release pick-up has not led to a trip operation. During this time the 0.000…150.000s 0.005s 0.06s time delay START signal is held on for the timers if the delayed pick-up release is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 156 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.10 - 115. Event messages. Event block name Event names Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 157: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    The undervoltage function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 158 Figure. 4.4.11 - 74. Simplified function block diagram of the U< function. Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values. The monitored voltage magnitudes are equal to RMS values. A -20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre-fault data registering. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 159 The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event. Figure. 4.4.11 - 75. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 160 2LL+U3+U4 mode is in use. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 161 U< pick-up setting. Please see the image below for a visualization of this function. If the block level is set to zero (0), blocking is not in use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 162 -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s time towards a trip, this displays how much time is left to trip before tripping occurs. A(B) The ratio between U or U voltage and the pick-up meas 0.00...1250.00U 0.01U at the value. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 163 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics). The IDMT function follows this formula: Where: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 164 2: Yes even when the pick-up element is reset. release time The user can reset characteristics through the application. The default setting is a 60 ms delay; the time calculation is held during the release time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 165 Undervoltage Block ON Undervoltage Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF Undervoltage Block ON Undervoltage Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 166: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    100/√3 V = 57.74 V. Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to zero sequence voltage calculation). Below are some examples of zero sequence calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 167 IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 168 Table. 4.4.12 - 126. Measurement inputs of the U0> function. Signal Description Time base U0RMS RMS measurement of voltage U0/V RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 169 Pick-up setting U0set> Pick-up setting The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 170 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 171 0.01s 0.05s setting k Time dial/multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics. The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected IDMT delay type. 0.01…25.00s 0.01s 1.00s Multiplier IDMT time multiplier in the U power. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 172 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.12 - 131. Event messages. Event block name Event names NOV1 Start ON NOV1 Start OFF NOV1 Trip ON NOV1 Trip OFF NOV1 Block ON NOV1 Block OFF NOV2 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 173 Fault Pre-fault Trip time Date and time Event Fault type Used SG voltage voltage voltage remaining Start/Trip Start/ Start Setting dd.mm.yyyy Event L1-G…L1-L2-L3 -20ms Trip -200ms group 1...8 hh:mm:ss.mss name ms...1800s voltage voltage voltage active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 174: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Pn)

    Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to positive sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of positive sequence calculation (positive sequence component vector). Figure. 4.4.13 - 83. Normal situation. Figure. 4.4.13 - 84. Earth fault in an isolated network. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 175 Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation (negative sequence component vector). Figure. 4.4.13 - 86. Normal situation. Figure. 4.4.13 - 87. Earth fault in isolated network. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 176 START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the sequence voltage function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 177 In RMS values the pre-fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms of START or TRIP event. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 178 U< pick-up setting. Please see the image below for a visualization of this function. If the block level is set to zero (0), blocking is not in use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 179 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 180 DT is the selected delay type. operating 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.040s When set to 0.000 s, the stage operates as instant without time added delay. When the parameter is set to 0.005...1800 s, delay the stage operates as independent delayed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 181 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.13 - 139. Event messages. Event block name Event names VUB1 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 182 Table. 4.4.13 - 140. Register content. Pre-trigger Fault Pre-fault Trip time Date and time Event Used SG voltage voltage voltage remaining Setting dd.mm.yyyy Event Start/Trip -20ms Start/Trip Start -200ms 0 ms...1800s group 1...8 hh:mm:ss.mss name voltage voltage voltage active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 183: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figures present simplified function block diagrams of the frequency function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 184 L-N voltages of the second voltage transformer General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 185 They define the maximum or minimum allowed measured frequency before action from the function. The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick-up setting and the measured frequency. The reset ratio of 20mHz is built into the function and is always relative to the pick-up value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 186 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 187 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.14 - 145. Event messages. Event block name Event names FRQV1 f> Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 188 Trip OFF FRQV1 f<<< Start ON FRQV1 f<<< Start OFF FRQV1 f<<< Trip ON FRQV1 f<<< Trip OFF FRQV1 f<<<< Start ON FRQV1 f<<<< Start OFF FRQV1 f<<<< Trip ON FRQV1 f<<<< Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 189: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    (i.e. becomes an islanded network). A generator that is not disconnected from the network can cause safety hazards. A generator can also be automatically reconnected to the network, which can cause damage to the generator and the network. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 190 • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed frequency magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 191 L-N voltages of the second voltage transformer 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 192 "Falling" or "Both". Overfrequency limit. Tripping is permitted if df/dt>/< (1…8) measured frequency is above this value. This 0.01Hz/ 10.00…70.00Hz/s 51Hz/s f> limit parameter is visible only when operation mode is set to "Rising" or "Both". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 193 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 194 DFT1 df/dt>/< (4) Start ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (4) Start OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (4) Trip ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (4) Trip OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Start ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Start OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 195 (7) Block OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (8) Block ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (8) Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 196: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • two block signal checks © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 197 Table. 4.4.16 - 153. Measurement inputs of the power protection function. Signal Description Time base 3PH active power (P) Total three-phase active power 3PH reactive power (Q) Total three-phase reactive power 3PH apparent power Total three-phase apparent power © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 198 Pick-up Defines whether the function operates in 0: > Over 0: Over mode underpower or overpower protection mode. 1: < Under Pick-up setting. Related to the nominal power Pick-up -500.000…500.000% 0.005% set by the user. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 199 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 200 Trip OFF PWR1 Block ON PWR1 Block OFF PWR2 Start ON PWR2 Start OFF PWR2 Trip ON PWR2 Trip OFF PWR2 Block ON PWR2 Block OFF PWR3 Start ON PWR3 Start OFF PWR3 Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 201: Motor Status Monitoring

    • missing phase • load normal • overloading • high overcurrent signals. The signals can be used in indication or in application logics. They are also the basis of the events the function generates (if so chosen). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 202 Figure. 4.4.17 - 97. Simplified function block diagram of the motor status monitoring function. The function's outputs are dependent on the motor data the user has set. The following two diagram present the function's outputs in various situations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 203 “No load current” setting. These motor status signals can be used in the motor protection scheme to block overcurrent stages, to change setting groups, and to release blockings (e.g if something happens during start-up). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 204 START signals behave during a motor start-up. Also note that the Mo Mot t or star or starting ting signal can be used to block the overcurrent stage. Figure. 4.4.17 - 100. Blocking application in the relay configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 205 Settings and signals The settings of the motor status monitoring function are mostly shared with other motor protection functions in the device's motor module. The following table shows these other functions that also use these settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 206 0.1...40.0xI 0.1xI - Motor start settings, this value should be 1.00. If Scaled monitoring scaled to the CT nominal, this value may (Ist>; 48) vary. - Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 207 If the current increases slower, it is not defined as a motor start. - Motor status monitoring Start detect The motor's starting current detection limit 0.1...5000A 0.1A - Motor start current A in amperes. monitoring (Ist>; 48) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 208 - Motor status monitoring - Machine thermal overload protection Max locked The maximum locked rotor current in 0.1...5000A 0.1A (Tm>; 49M) rotor current A amperes. - Motor start monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 209 - Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Motor status monitoring - Machine thermal No load 0.1...5000A 0.1A overload The motor's no load current in amperes. current < A protection (Tm>; 49M) - Undercurrent (I<; 37) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 210 (Tm>; 49M) This parameter is also used in the motor - Motor start start-up and the number of starts monitoring calculations. (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 211 In DOL mode, the signal is Motor active when the measured current exceeds the "Start detect current" (from the Motor stopped starting situation); the signal deactivates when the current decreases below the "Max overloading current". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 212 Motor Running OFF MST1 Motor Stalled ON MST1 Motor Stalled OFF MST1 Load not symm ON MST1 Load not symm OFF MST1 Load normal ON MST1 Load normal OFF MST1 Overload ON MST1 Overload OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 213: Motor Start/ Locked Rotor Monitoring (Ist>; 48/14)

    Ist> function. The user can set both the allowed starting time and the speed switch input. The speed switch may be required by some high-mass applications when the start-up may last longer; the user should check and ensure that the motor is actually accelerating instead of standing still with its rotor locked. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 214 Ist> function for various situations. It is advised that the speed switch –if available– is also used for the motor start monitoring, especially when the motor has a high load when starting, thus making the start-up take very long. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 215 If the starting of the motor takes longer than the function's set value, the function trips the breaker and halts the starting process; if the motor cannot start normally there is something wrong with the application. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 216 If the speed switch is in use while a similar situation happens (that is, that the motor starting is taking longer than it should), the speed switch ensures that the start-up of the motor is still going fine and the function lets the starting process continue. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 217 If the motor start-up with a speed switch exceeds the allowed safe stall time of the motor specifications, the function trips. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 218 The function monitors either given definite time, or the I value and the speed switch input. If given time is exceeded during the stall time the function initiates tripping of the motor from the stall condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 219 Set mode of LCR block. 2: Blocked ISt> LN 3: Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting 1: On mode 4: Test/ of individual LN mode is enabled in General Blocked menu. 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 220 This setting is used for (Tm>; 49M) 0.1…40.0xI 0.1xI 6.0xI starting automatic curve selection and calculation. Also, - Motor start current the nominal starting capacity calculation is monitoring based on this value. (Ist>; 48/14) Mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 221 0.1...5000A 0.1A current is exceeded while the automatic curve rotor - Motor start selection and the control only short time current A monitoring constant (stall) are in use. (Ist>; 48/14) Mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 222 (Im>; 51M) - Motor status monitoring - Machine thermal overload protection (Tm>; 49M) The motor's maximum overload current in overload 0.1...5000A 0.1A - Motor start amperes. current A monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) Mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 223 Name Range Step Default Description Motor starting time the user sets. This setting should Starting time 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.040s include the expected normal starting time of the protected motor as well as the operating marginal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 224 Table. 4.4.18 - 165. Event messages. Event block name Event names LCR1 Max. Start time exceed ON LCR1 Max. Start time exceed OFF LCR1 Set start time exceed ON LCR1 Set start time exceed OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 225: Frequent Start Protection (N>; 66)

    "Hot" and "Cold" situations. The thermal overload function also needs to be activated and set, if the user wants to use the hot and cold motor status separation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 226 The function's alarm activates after the third start to indicate that only one more start is allowed. Once this start is used the function's restart inhibit is activated and it stays active until the motor can be started again. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 227 2: Blocked Set mode of FSP block. N> LN 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode 4: Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 228 Please - Motor note that using this setting requires that the Machine start thermal overload protection (Tm>) function is activated monitoring and in use. (Ist>; 48) - Load protection (Im>; 50M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 229 1…100 - Frequent motor. cold start protection (N>; 48) - Motor status Starts monitoring The number of allowed starts per x hours for a when 1…100 - Frequent hot motor. start protection (N>; 48) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 230 FSP1 Inhibit ON FSP1 Inhibit OFF FSP1 Blocked ON FSP1 Blocked OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 231: Non-Directional Undercurrent Protection (I<; 37)

    START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the undercurrent function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 232 Set mode of NUC block. Blocked I< LN mode 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN 4: Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 233 Object In in the CT settings, this value Scaled starting should be 1.00. If scaled to the CT nominal, this value monitoring may vary. (Ist>; 48) Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 234 This function supports definite time delay (DT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 235 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.4.20 - 178. Event messages. Event block name Event names NUC1 Start ON NUC1 Start OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 236: Mechanical Jam Protection (Im>; 51M)

    (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 237 Set mode of MJP block. Blocked Im> LN mode 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN 4: Test/ mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 238 - Machine thermal overload protection (Tm>; 49M) Motor In 0.1...5 0.1A - Motor start The motor's nominal current in amperes. 000.0A monitoring (Ist>; 48) Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 239 0.1A is exceeded while the automatic curve selection 000.0A (Tm>; 49M) current and the control only short time constant (stall) are in - Motor start use. monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 240 - Machine thermal overload overload 0.1...5 protection The maximum overload current of the motor in 0.1A current 000.0A (Tm>; 49M) amperes. - Motor start monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 241 Pick-up setting 0.10…40.00xI 0.10xI 6.00xI The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 242 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 243: Power Factor Protection (Pf<; 55)

    The power factor protection function is the ratio of active power to apparent power (cos φ = P/S). In a fully resistive load the power factor is 1.00. In partially inductive loads the power factor is under 1.00. Power factor protection cannot detect a power factor value that is too low. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 244 • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 245 Three-phase cos phi (power factor) General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 246 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 247 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 248: Machine Thermal Overload Protection (Tm>; 49M)

    © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 249 = Long thermal cooling time constant (motor stopped) of the protected object (in minutes) • τ = Long thermal cooling time constant (motor running) of the protected object (in minutes) • W = Correction factor between the times t and t © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 250 100 % indefinitely but never exceeds it. With a single time constant model the cooling of the object follows this same behavior, the reverse of the heating when the current feeding is completely zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 251 The formulas below present examples of the calculation of the ambient temperature coefficient (a linear correction factor to the maximum allowed current): © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 252 The settable thermal capacity curve uses linear interpolation for ambient temperature correction with a maximum of ten (10) pairs of temperature–correction factor pairs. The temperature and coefficient pairs are set to the TM> function's settable correction curve. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 253 (locked rotor, overloading situations) in order to achieve a suitable thermal image for the machine. The following figure presents the various differences to consider when solve the time constants in the motor (as compared to single time constant objects like cables). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 254 The only time constant to consider is the heating time constant, which is equal to the cooling time constant for underground cables. Figure. 4.4.23 - 121. Simplified motor construction and time constants. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 255 (DOL) starting. Table. 4.4.23 - 193. Motor heating during DOL starting. The motor is de-energized and all parts of it are in the ambient temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 256 Most motors are rotor- limited which results in the rotor heating up to dangerously high temperatures before the stator. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 257 Now, the heat transfer is stabilized and the heat generated in the motor is transferred to the surrounding air and the temperatures of the internal components are not increasing any longer. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 258 RTD elements. The rotor temperature is highest on the drive end becuase the cooling is the weakest there (as can be seen in the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 259 1.15 and the ambient temperature was measured to be 24 degrees Celsius. In this case the motor was started without a load, and the loading was increased directly after starting in order to concentrate the heating effects of stable loading. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 260 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.4 Protection functions Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 123. Measured motor temperature in heating/cooling test. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 261 Thermal trip curves Motor thermal curves are useful when studying motor heating in possible overload and start-up situations. These are usually available upon request from manufacturers, and the relay operation can be set according to these. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 262 If the motor is continuously running with a constant load, the cooling time constant is not that significant and can be estimated to be e.g. two to three times longer than the heating time constant. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 263 4 Functions A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 126. Comparing single time constant thermal replica tripping curves to given motor thermal characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 264 In the curve simulations the hot condition was defined as 70 % of the thermal capacity. The following figures present the tripping and cooling curves of the thermal replica. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 265 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 128. Thermal tripping curves with single time constant, pre-load 0% (cold). Figure. 4.4.23 - 129. Thermal tripping curves with single time constant, pre-load 90% (hot). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 266 Figure. 4.4.23 - 130. Thermal tripping curves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor, pre-load 0% (cold) Figure. 4.4.23 - 131. Thermal tripping curves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor, pre- load 90% (hot). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 267 4 Functions A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 132. Thermal cooling curves, single cooling time constant. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 268 Figure. 4.4.23 - 133. Thermal cooling curves, dynamic dual time constant. Figure. 4.4.23 - 134. Thermal cooling curves, dynamic triple time constant (motor is running without load in the first part with dedicated time constant). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 269 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 135. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 1. Figure. 4.4.23 - 136. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 3. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 270 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.4 Protection functions Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.23 - 137. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 7. Figure. 4.4.23 - 138. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 10. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 271 Figure. 4.4.23 - 139. Simplified function block diagram of the TM> function. Measured input The function block uses analog phase current measurement values. The function block uses TRMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 272 4: Inhibit 5: Trip Temp C or 0: C The selection of whether the temperature values of the thermal image and 0: C F deg 1: F RTD compensation are shown in Celsius or in Fahrenheit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 273 0.1…40.0xI 0.1xI 6.0xI automatic curve selection and calculation. - motor start/ current Also, the nominal starting capacity calculation locked rotor is based on this value. monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) - mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 274 (Ist>; 48/14) from the supply. - mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 275 No load protection 0.1…40.0xI 0.1xI 0.2xI current is below this setting value. Also, when current < (TM>; 49M) the current is below this value, the - non- undercurrent protection stage is locked. directional undercurrent protection (I<; © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 276 (Ist>; 48/14) automatic control. This parameter is also used - mechanical in the motor start-up and the number of starts jam protection calculations. (Im>; 51M) - frequent start protection (N>; © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 277 "cold" situation. If the characteristics do not change, this (hot) setting should be the same as the setting value of "Long heat T const (cold)". This setting is visible when the time constant option "Multiple” is selected. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 278 This cool T 0…3000.0min 1.0min 10.0min setting is visible when the time constants option "Multiple" and const the "Set manually" option from "Estimate short TC and timings" are both selected. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 279 Visible when the Dev. temp. (tmax) is set to "4: Manual set". (tmax = 100 %) 0: Manual Ambient The selection of whether the thermal image biasing uses a fixed or Manual temp. sel. a measured ambient temperature. 1: RTD © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 280 The operating characteristics of the machine thermal overload protection function are completely controlled by the thermal image. The thermal capacity value calculated from the thermal image can set the I/O controls with ALARM 1, ALARM 2, INHIBIT and TRIP signals. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 281 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 282 0: Nominal current calc TM> Setting 1: Nominal Indicates if nominal current calculation is set wrong and actually used setting is alarm current set 1.0. Visible only when there is a setting fault. fault. Override to © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 283 Restart inhibits The number of times the function has activated the Restart inhibit output Trips The number of times the function has tripped Trips Blocked The number of times the function trips has been blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 284 Time to reach 100 % theta seconds Ref. T current Active meas. current T at a given moment Max. temp. rise allowed degrees Temp. rise at a given moment degrees Hot spot estimate degrees Hot spot max. all. degrees © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 285: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode (DT). The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 286 → Impedance calc. settings to ensure that the function calculates the listed values. Table. 4.4.24 - 206. Measurement inputs of the Z< function. Signal Description Time base Impedance of phase-to-earth (P1-E) Impedance of phase-to-earth (P2-E) Impedance of phase-to-earth (P3-E) Impedance of phase-to-phase (P1-P2) Impedance of phase-to-phase (P2-P3) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 287 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 288 ON, OFF, or both. The function offers two (2) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 289: Inadvertent Energizing Protection (I> U< I.a.e; 50/27)

    The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 290 General menu. Blocked 5: Off Normal I>U< I.A.E. 1: Start Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. force status to 2: Trip Normal Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 291 The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 292 The inadvertent energizing protection function (abbreviated "IAE" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in START, TRIP and BLOCKED. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 293: Pole Slip Protection (78)

    The basic design of the protection function is the three-pole operation. The inputs for the function are the following: • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed current and voltage magnitudes. • calculated impedances © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 294 Positive sequence impedance 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 295 How many slips need to be detected for the 1...5 slips 1 slips limit to trip slips function to trip. Reset slip detection 0.000...1800.000 0.005 1.000 Maximum time between slips before the function after last detected slip resets the slip counter to zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 296 0: Normal 1: Start Pole slip condition Displays status of the protection function. 2: Trip 3: Blocked 0: Ok 1: Incorrect VT Configuration Displays the status of settings currently in use. status 2: Incorrect char. Set © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 297 Table. 4.4.26 - 223. Register content. Date and time Event In blinder time Used SG Event Duration of reactance being between the Setting group 1...8 dd.mm.yyyyhh:mm:ss.mss name blinders. active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 298: Generator/Transformer Differential Protection (Idb>/Idi>/I0Dhv>/I0Dlv>; 87T/87N/87G)

    The following table gives a rough idea what protection methods and elements as well as risks exist for the different types of transformers. Overlooking these points when designing transformers increase the risk of costly problems with the transformer. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 299 If the transformer has forced cooling, monitoring and protection for cooling systems should be applied. Separated relays for control, monitoring and protection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 300 • the transformer's vector group (for matching the transformer vectors in p.u.) • the ratios and properties of the transformers HV and LV sides. This chapter shows the setting and the principle of transformer differential protection step by step. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 301 However, if one feels inclined to calculate the amplitude matching factor, they can do so with the formulas presented below. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 302 This is called amplitude matching of the HV and LV sides. In modern differential relays this is done automatically when the nominal values and CT ratings are set for the transformer. Thus, these calculations only have nice-to-know informational value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 303 LV side is leading 30 degrees; '5' and '7' are just the other ends of the windings thus causing a 180-degree difference between the '1' and '11' clock numbers. The following example explains transformer current vectors and what a connection might look like. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 304 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.4 Protection functions Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.27 - 149. Yd1 transformer's internal connection (in theory). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 305 Y-connected vector diagram. The images below present the differential algorithm itself (one calculating formula for each phase difference); first the "subtract" formulas, then the "add" formulas. Selection is based on the CT connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 306 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.4 Protection functions Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.27 - 151. "Subtract" formula. Figure. 4.4.27 - 152. "Add" formula. Figure. 4.4.27 - 153. CTs' starpoints requiring the "Add" mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 307 Next, these two formulas are combined in a graph: the x-axis presents the measured differential current, and the y-axis presents the calculated bias current. The following graph shows the differential function characteristic, both biased and non-biased. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 308 ). It is the basic sensitivity limit: when the measured differential current is below this limit, the d>pick-up transformer still operates normally and the protection does not trigger. In other words, the pick-up current setting must be higher than the combination of all the normal operation factors that cause differential currents. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 309 3) Relay measurement accuracy (primary and secondary) (RE The relay measurement error is below 0.5 %, its optional accuracy below 0.2 % per measurement channel: the combined value for both sides is either 1 % or 0.4 %. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 310 This causes a difference in the nominal current condition, which can be noticed as a differential current in the relay. Usually tap changer positions are presented as deviation steps for the secondary voltage to both positive and negative direction from the center (see the second image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 311 If there is no tap changer, the maximum uncertainty can be calculated sufficiently enough by summing the maximum inaccuracies of the CTs on the HV and LV sides. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 312 Slope 1 is calculated by using the transformer and CT nominal values in the maximum full load (Turnpoint 2) of the transformer with highest possible differential current causing tap position. Generally the Slope 1 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 313 CTs differently (starpoint towards or away from the transformer). Thus, the differential current is always calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 314 Therefore, the differential current is the following: If the Maximum mode is used for biasing (due to a single end fault), the bias current is the same as the differential current. Therefore, the Slope 2 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 315 CTs, the connection between the CTs, as well as the cross-section and material of the wires. Let us begin with the burden the wiring causes to the relay, and calculate the resistance in a conductor: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 316 It is recommended that you use the worst-case scenario as the basis for calculating the CT burden. In most cases these +75 ºC values are sufficient. If the ambient temperature in your application is higher than +75 ºC, the resistance should be calculated for that specific temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 317 If the CTs have the possibility to saturate (that is, the calculated through fault current is bigger than the ALF on either CT side), the setting of the instant stage must be set high enough so that it does not operate on through fault saturation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 318 (using these same formulas) in the Transformer status monitoring (TRF) module. When everything is set up correctly in the relay and when the transformer is feeding the load with nominal power, the result should look like the following example configuration when the example settings and transformer are used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 319 4 Functions A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4.4 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.4.27 - 160. Example configuration for the transformer differential function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 320 Our example presented only one type of transformer and its properties. Another very common variation is the type of transformer where the star side (HV, LV, or both) is earthed and thus forms a route outside the differential zone (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 321 (in p.u.) before differential calculation and thus negates the effect of an external earth fault. Correctly selected transformer settings prevent the differential function from being tripped by out-of-zone earth faults (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 322 However, enabling the REF protection requires that both the phase current measurements and the starpoint current are available and can be connected to the relay's residual current channel on the corresponding (HV/LV) side measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 323 (external) earth faults, and the how a heavy fault going fully through the second biased section (Slope 2) can cause saturation in the CTs' phase currents. The recommended base settings: • Pick-up (base sensitivity): typically 5 % to 10 % of the phase current CT error (Px) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 324 The differential relay sees the energization current as a differential current since it only flows through the primary side winding only. The saturation of the transformer core generates the 2 harmonic component which can be used to block the biased sensitive differential stage during energization. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 325 (in amperes), the fourth graph depicts the fundamental (50 Hz) FFT- calculated currents (in amperes), and fifth graph depicts the 2 harmonic components relative to the corresponding fundamental component currents (with the 15 % setting limit). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 326 While the results are very low compared to the magnetizing inrush current magnitudes, the differential relay would still definitely trip without the 2 harmonic blocking. The situation is the same with all of the calculted setting variations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 327 Figure. 4.4.27 - 166. Inrush blocking by using the 2 harmonic (relative to fundamental frequency). Figure. 4.4.27 - 167. Example of transformer magnetizing inrush currents. A conservative setting recommendation for standard type transformers: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 328 Figure. 4.4.27 - 168. Transformer behavior in case of overvoltage caused by overexcitation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 329 The figures below present the system voltage and the magnitude of the 5 harmonic component (both in per-unit), absolute and scaled to the transformer nominal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 330 (that is, no overvoltage relays are available), this blocking can be enabled with the setting of 30...40 % with the disturbance recorder enabled. If a trip occurs as a result of overexcitation, the settings can be adjusted based on the data captured by the disturbance recorder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 331 Set mode of DIF block. 2: Blocked Idx> LN This parameter is visible only when Allow 3: Test 1: On mode setting of individual LN mode is enabled 4: Test/Blocked in General menu. 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 332 The transformer's short-circuit Transformer 0.01…25.00% 0.01% 3.00% Info impedance in percentages. Used for calculating short-circuit current. The transformer's nominal frequency. Transformer 10…75Hz 50Hz Info Used for calculating the transformer's nom. freq. nominal short-circuit inductance. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 333 LV side 0: Not grounded monitoring LV side current calculation. The selection grounded grounded 1: Grounded - transformer is visible only if the option "Manual set" is differential selected for the vector group setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 334 LV side. This starpint 0: IO1 monitoring 1: IO2 setting is only visible if the option meas. - transformer "Enabled" is selected for the "Enable I0d> differential (REF) LV side" setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 335 "Enable I0d> (REF) HV side" setting is enabled. HV I0d> Turnpoint 1 for the HV side restricted earth fault 0.01…50.00×I 0.01×I 1.00×I Turnpoint differential characteristics. This setting is only visible if the "Enable I0d> (REF) HV side" setting is enabled. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 336 The calculated phase L1 maximum differential current allowed with current bias level HV I0d> Bias The calculated HV side restricted earth fault bias current current HV I0d> Diff current The calculated HV side restricted earth fault differential current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 337 The data register is available, based on the changes in the tripping events. Table. 4.4.27 - 228. Event messages. Event block name Event names DIF1 Idb> Trip ON DIF1 Idb> Trip OFF DIF1 Idb> Blocked (ext) ON DIF1 Idb> Blocked (ext) OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 338 DIF1 HV I0d> Block OFF DIF1 HV I0d> Trip ON DIF1 HV I0d> Trip OFF DIF1 LV I0d> Block ON DIF1 LV I0d> Block OFF DIF1 LV I0d> Trip ON DIF1 LV I0d> Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 339: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)

    (2) separate alarms from one selected input. The user can set alarms and measurements to be either in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. The following figure shows the principal structure of the resistance temperature detection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 340 Table. 4.4.28 - 231. Function settings for Channel x (Sx). Name Range Step Default Description 0: No Enables/disables the selecion of sensor S1...S16 enable 0: No 1: Yes measurements and alarms. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 341 Sets the value for Alarm 2. The alarm is activated if the measurement goes S1...S16 Alarm2 -101.0…2000.0deg 0.1deg 0.0deg above or below this setting mode (depends on the selected mode in "Sx Alarm2 >/<"). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 342 S3 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S3 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S3 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S4 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S4 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S4 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S4 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S5 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S5 Alarm1 OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 343 S11 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S11 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S11 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S11 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S12 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S12 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S12 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S12 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S13 Alarm1 ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 344 S4 Meas Invalid RTD2 S5 Meas Ok RTD2 S5 Meas Invalid RTD2 S6 Meas Ok RTD2 S6 Meas Invalid RTD2 S7 Meas Ok RTD2 S7 Meas Invalid RTD2 S8 Meas Ok RTD2 S8 Meas Invalid © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 345: Programmable Stage (Pgx>/<; 99)

    If a stage is not active the PSx>/< condition parameter will merely display “Disabled”. The function's outputs are START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals. The programmable stage function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 346 General menu. 3: Blocked 0: One magnitude comp 1: Two Defines how many measurement magnitudes are used by the PSx >/< Measurement setting magnitude stage. comp 2: Three magnitude comp © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 347 -5 000 000...5 PSx MagnitudeX multiplier multiplication). See section "Magnitude multiplier" for more 000 000 information. Analog values The numerous analog signals have been divided into categories to help the user find the desired value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 348 I01 primary current of a current-resistive component I01CapP I01 primary current of a current-capacitive component I01ResS I01 secondary current of a current-resistive component I01CapS I01 secondary current of a current-capacitive component I02ResP I02 primary current of a current-resistive component © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 349 Positive sequence voltage angle (degrees) U2 neg.seq.V Ang Negative sequence voltage angle (degrees) Table. 4.4.29 - 237. Power measurements Name Description S3PH Three-phase apparent power S (kVA) P3PH Three-phase active power P (kW) Q3PH Three-phase reactive power Q (kvar) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 350 Positive Impedance Z primary (Ω) ZSeqSec Positive Impedance Z secondary (Ω) ZSeqAngle Positive Impedance Z angle Table. 4.4.29 - 240. Conductances, susceptances and admittances (L1, L2, L3) Name Description GLxPri Conductance G L1, L2, L3 primary (mS) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 351 Transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1…16 RTD measurement channels 1…16 Ext RTD meas 1…8 External RTD measurement channels 1…8 (ADAM) mA input 7,8,15,16 mA input channels 7, 8, 15, 16 ASC 1…4 Analog scaled curves 1…4 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 352 -5 000 000...5 000 The ratio between measured magnitude and the pick-up MagSet1 at the setting. moment PSx >/< MeasMag2/ -5 000 000...5 000 The ratio between measured magnitude and the pick-up MagSet2 at the setting. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 353 The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. Comparator modes When setting the comparators, the user must first choose a comparator mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 354 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 355 PGS1 PS4 >/< Start ON PGS1 PS4 >/< Start OFF PGS1 PS4 >/< Trip ON PGS1 PS4 >/< Trip OFF PGS1 PS4 >/< Block ON PGS1 PS4 >/< Block OFF PGS1 PS5 >/< Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 356 PGS1 PS8 >/< Block OFF PGS1 PS9 >/< Start ON PGS1 PS9 >/< Start OFF PGS1 PS9 >/< Trip ON PGS1 PS9 >/< Trip OFF PGS1 PS9 >/< Block ON PGS1 PS9 >/< Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 357: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc)

    This delay can be avoided by using arc protection. The arc protection card has a high-speed output to trip signals faster as well as to extend the speed of arc protection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 358 The arc protection card has four (4) sensor channels, and up to three (3) arc point sensors can be connected to each channel. The sensor channels support Arcteq AQ-01 (light sensing) and AQ-02 (pressure and light sensing) units. Optionally, the protection function can also be applied with a phase current or a residual current condition: the function trips only if the light and overcurrent conditions are met.
  • Page 359 • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 360 Scheme IA1 is a single-line diagram with AQ-2xx series relays and with AQ-101 arc protection relays. The settings are for an incomer AQ-200 relay. Figure. 4.4.30 - 173. Scheme IA1 (with AQ-101 arc protection relays). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 361 3 need to be enabled as there are sensors connected to both Zone 2 and 3 starts. Sensors connected to the channel S3 are in Zone 2. Then enable Light 3 of Zone 2. The sensor connected to the channel S2 is in Zone 3. Then enable Light 2 of Zone 3. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 362 12: Zone4 Blocked Channel sensors 0: No Channel sensors 1: No Defines the number of sensors connected to the channel (channels 1/2/3/ 1: 1 sensor sensors sensors 2: 2 sensors 3: 3 sensors Channel sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 363 The residual overcurrent allows the zone to trip when light is 0: Disabled 4 Res. curr. detected. 1: Enabled Disabled Enabled Zone1/2/3/ 0: Disabled 4 Light 1 Light detected in sensor channel 1 trips the zone. 1: Enabled Disabled Enabled © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 364 Displays the mode of ARC block. 2: Blocked I/I0 Arc> LN 3: Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour 4: Test/Blocked mode is enabled in General menu. 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 365 START, TRIP, and BLOCKED. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 366 ARC1 Residual current Start OFF ARC1 Channel 1 Light ON ARC1 Channel 1 Light OFF ARC1 Channel 1 Pressure ON ARC1 Channel 1 Pressure OFF ARC1 Channel 2 Light ON ARC1 Channel 2 Light OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 367 Phase A Phase B Phase C Residual Active Date and time Event Used SG current current current current sensors dd.mm.yyyy Event Trip Trip Trip Trip Setting group 1...4 hh:mm:ss.mss name current current current current 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 368: Control Functions

    Live Edit mode is active. Table. 4.5.1 - 256. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal Common signals condition 1: Start Displays status of the function. 2: Trip © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 369: Setting Group Selection

    The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the setting group selection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 370 If setting groups are controlled by pulses, the setting group activated by pulse will stay active until another setting groups receives and activation signal. Figure. 4.5.2 - 176. Example sequences of group changing (control with pulse only, or with both pulses and static signals). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 371 0: SG1 SG1...2 SG1...3 SG1...4 Used setting The selection of the activated setting groups in the application. Newly- 0: SG1 groups enabled setting groups use default parameter values. SG1...5 SG1...6 SG1...7 SG1...8 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 372 Petersen coil is connected when the network is compensated, or whether it is open when the network is unearthed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 373 The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active. If the coil is disconnected, Setting group 2 is active. This way, if the wire is broken for some reason, the setting group is always controlled to SG2. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 374 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 4 Functions Instruction manual 4.5 Control functions Version: 2.09 Figure. 4.5.2 - 178. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 375 The application-controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay's internal logics. For example, the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick-up function (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 376 The function does not have a register. Table. 4.5.2 - 260. Event messages. Event block name Event names SG2 Enabled SG2 Disabled SG3 Enabled SG3 Disabled SG4 Enabled SG4 Disabled © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 377 Remote Change SG Request ON Remote Change SG Request OFF Local Change SG Request ON Local Change SG Request OFF Force Change SG ON Force Change SG OFF SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 378: Object Control And Monitoring

    Manual remote control can be done through one of the various communication protocols available (Modbus, IEC101/103/104 etc.). The function supports the modes "Direct control" and "Select before execute" while controlled remotely. Automatic controlling can be done with functions like auto-reclosing function (ANSI 79). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 379 The following parameters help the user to define the object. The operation of the function varies based on these settings and the selected object type. The selected object type determines how much control is needed and which setting parameters are required to meet those needs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 380 Displays the status of breaker. Intermediate is displayed when 1: Open Breaker neither of the status signals (open or close) are active. Bad status 2: Closed status is displayed when both status signals (open and close) are active. 3: Bad © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 381 Displays the number of failed "Close" requests. 0…2 –1 failed Clear 0: - Clears the request statistics, setting them back to zero (0). 0: - statistics 1: Clear Automatically returns to "-" after the clearing is finished. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 382 Objectx Open command The physical "Open" command pulse to the device's output ("Objectx Open relay. Command") OUT1…OUTx Objectx Close command The physical "Close" command pulse to the device's output ("Objectx Close relay. Command") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 383 The remote Open command from a physical digital Open control input input (e.g. RTU). Objectx Application The Close command from the application. Can be any Close logical signal. Objectx Application The Close command from the application. Can be any Open logical signal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 384 Figure. 4.5.3 - 182. Example of an interlock application. In order for the blocking signal to be received on time, it has to reach the function 5 ms before the control command. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 385 RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current Condition monitoring parameters can be found from Control → Objects → Object X → APP CONTR → Condition Monitoring . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 386 Condition Alarm 2 Enable Enables Alarm 2. 1: Enabled Disabled Condition Alarm 2 when When the amount of operations left is less than value 0...200 000 operations less than set here, Alarm 2 will activate. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 387 Close Command On OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Command Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Open Blocked On OBJ1...OBJ10 Open Blocked Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Blocked On OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Blocked Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Object Ready OBJ1...OBJ10 Object Not Ready OBJ1...OBJ10 Sync Ok OBJ1...OBJ10 Sync Not Ok © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 388 The cause of an "Open" command's failure. Close fail The cause of a "Close" command's failure. Open command The source of an "Open" command. Close command The source of an "Open" command. General status The general status of the function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 389: Indicator Object Monitoring

    Close input A link to a physical digital input. The monitored indicator's signal selected by the user ("Ind.X CLOSE status. "1" refers to the active "Close" state of the monitored Close indicator. (SWx) Status In") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 390: Milliampere Output Control

    3 and 4 Enable mA output channels 5 and 6 mA option Enables and disables the outputs of the mA Disabled card 2 Disabled output card 2. 1: Enabled Enable mA output channels 7 and 8 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 391 The mA output value when the measured value mA output 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA 0mA is equal to or greater than Input value 2. value 2 Figure. 4.5.5 - 184. Example of the effects of mA output channel settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 392: Programmable Control Switch

    (see the image below). The switch cannot be controlled by an auxiliary input, such as digital inputs or logic signals; it can only be controlled locally (mimic) or remotely (RTU). Settings. These settings can be accessed at Control → Device I/O → Programmable control switch . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 393: User Buttons

    LED at the top left corner of the button. The LED can be configured to activate red, orange or green color from button status or any other logical binary signal. General user button settings can be set at Control → Device IO → User-button Settings . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 394: Analog Input Scaling Curves

    1: Yes signal. filtering Curve 1...4 Time constant for input signal filtering. input signal 0.005...3800.000 0.005 s This parameter is visible when "Curve 1...4 input filter time signal filtering" has been set to "Yes". constant © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 395 Floating point 1: Integer Scaled value Floating Rounds the milliampere signal output as selected. (Floor) handling point 2: Integer (Ceiling) 3: Integer (Nearest) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 396: Logical Outputs

    5 ("OUT5") when the circuit breaker's cart status is "In". Figure. 4.5.9 - 185. Logic output example. Logical output is connected to an output relay in matrix. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 397: Logical Inputs

    Figure. 4.5.10 - 186. Operation of logical input in "Hold" and "Pulse" modes. A logical input pulse can also be extended by connecting a DELAY-low gate to a logical output, as has been done in the example figure below. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 398 NOTICE! TICE! After editing user descriptions the event history will start to use the new description only after resetting the HMI. HMI can be reset from General → Device info → LCD restart . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 399: Monitoring Functions

    • At least one of the three-phase currents are below the I low limit setting. • The ratio between the calculated minum and maximum of the three-phase currents is below the ratio setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 400 The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the CTS ALARM and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the current transformer supervision function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 401 Table. 4.6.1 - 283. Measured inputs of the CTS function. Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 402 0: Add Defines the polarity of residual current channel connection. Subtract 0: - Compensate natural When activated while the line is energized, the currently present 0: - unbalance calculated residual current is compensated to 0. Comp © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 403 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 404 "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". Typical cases of current transformer supervision The following nine examples present some typical cases of the current transformer supervision and their setting effects. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 405 Figure. 4.6.1 - 191. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. When a fault is detected and all conditions are met, the CTS timer starts counting. If the situation continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 406 If any of the phases exceed the I high limit setting, the operation of the function is not activated. This behavior is applied to short-circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the I high limit setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 407 Figure. 4.6.1 - 195. Normal situation, residual current also measured. When the residual condition is added with the "I0 input selection", the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the wiring condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 408 Figure. 4.6.1 - 197. Broken primary phase current wiring. In this example, all other condition are met except the residual difference. That is now 0 × I , which indicates a primary side fault. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 409 Table. 4.6.1 - 287. Event messages. Event block name Event names CTS1 Alarm ON CTS1 Alarm OFF CTS1 Block ON CTS1 Block OFF CTS2 Alarm ON CTS2 Alarm OFF CTS2 Block ON CTS2 Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 410: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the output signals. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, ALARM BUS, ALARM LINE and BLOCKED events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 411 Figure. 4.6.2 - 200. Simplified function block diagram of the VTS function. Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values. Function uses the RMS value of the voltage measurement inputs and the calculated (positive, negative and zero) sequence currents. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 412 Set mode of VTS block. Blocked VTS LN 3: Test 1: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 413 The voltage transformer supervision can also report several different states of the measured voltage. These can be seen in the function's INFO menu. Name Description Bus dead No voltages. Bus Live VTS Ok All of the voltages are within the set limits. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 414 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 415 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for ACTIVATED, BLOCKED, etc. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 416: Circuit Breaker Wear Monitoring

    The "Trip contact" setting defines the output that triggers the current monitoring at the breaker's "Open" command. The inputs for the function are the following: • setting parameters • binary output signals • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 417 Set mode of CBW block. Blocked CBW LN 3: Test 1: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 418 Defines the pick-up threshold for remaining operations. When the number Alarm 0…200 1 000 of remaining operations is below this setting, the ALARM 1 signal is 1 Set activated. Alarm Disabled Enable and disable the Alarm 2 stage. Disabled Enabled © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 419 Now, we set the stage as follows: Parameter Setting Current 1 0.80 kA Operation 1 30 000 operations © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 420 Alarm 1 operation counter. counter Alarm 2 Alarm 2 operation counter. counter L1 Operations Operations left for phase L1. left L2 Operations Operations left for phase L2. left L3 Operations Operations left for phase L3. left © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 421: Current Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    The user can also set the alarming limits for each measured channel if the application so requires. The monitoring of the measured signals can be selected to be based either on an amplitude ratio or on the above-mentioned power ratio. The difference is in the calculation formula (as shown below): © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 422 The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, ALARM and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the total harmonic distortion monitor function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 423 The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter (common for all measurement channels). General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 424 The pick-up setting for the THD alarm element from the residual 0.10…100.00% 0.01% 10.00% current I02. The measured THD value has to exceed this setting pick-up in order for the alarm signal to activate. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 425 Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the phase 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s alarm delay currents' measured THD. I01 THD alarm Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s delay current I01's measured THD. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 426 Table. 4.6.4 - 308. Register content. Date and time Event L1h, L2h, L3h Fault THD Used SG dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event name Start/Alarm THD of each phase. Setting group 1...8 active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 427: Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    • threshold comparator • block signal chec • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs of the function are the following: • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed voltage magnitudes © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 428 The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter (common for all measurement channels). General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 429 2: Blocked Displays the mode of THDV block. THDV> LN 3: Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is behaviour 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 430 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 4.6.5 - 314. Event messages. Event block name Event names THDV1 Voltage THD Start ON THDV1 Voltage THD Start OFF THDV1 Voltage THD Alarm ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 431: Disturbance Recorder (Dr)

    Phase current I Phase current I Phase current I Residual current I coarse* I01c Residual current I fine* I01f I02c Residual current I coarse* Residual current I fine* I02f IL1” Phase current I (CT card 2) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 432 (VT card 2) UL2(3)VT2 Line-to-neutral U or line-to-line voltage U (VT card 2) UL3(1)VT2 U0(SS)VT2 Zero sequence voltage U or synchrocheck voltage U (VT card 2) USup_2 Voltage measurement module voltage supply supervision (VT card 2) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 433 Res.I0x ampl. THD I02) Calculated I0 phase calc.I0 Pha.angle Res.I0x pow. THD Residual I0x power THD (I01, I02) angle Phase current TRMS Phase-to-phase current ILx (IL1, Pha.curr.ILx TRMS P-P curr.ILx ILx (IL1, IL2, IL3) IL2, IL3) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 434 Primary positive sequence reactive per-unit values (IL1, Current p.u. Pri. current IL2, IL3) Positive sequence Pos.Seq. Resistive I0x Residual Resistive Primary residual resistive current resistive current in per- Current p.u. Current Pri. I0x (I01, I02) unit values © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 435 "50 Hz". Neutral Frequency at the moment. If the Primary neutral f atm. Display (when not conductance G frequency is not measurable, this conductance measurable is 0 Hz) (Pri) will show "0 Hz". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 436 Ph.Rotating Logic Phase rotating order at the moment. MBIO ModB Channel 1...8 of MBIO Mod control 0=A-B-C, 1=A- If true ("1") the phase order is Ch x Invalid C is invalid reversed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 437 0.000...1800.000s 0.001s - Displays the maximum length of a single recording. recording Max. location of Displays the highest pre-triggering time that can be set 0.000...1800.000s 0.001s - the pre- with the settings currently in use. trigger © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 438 Disturbance recorder → Get DR files command. 0…95 freely Selects the digital channel for recording. Please see Recorder digital selectable the list of all available digital channels in the section channels channels titled "Analog and digital recording channels". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 439 The recorder is configured by using the setting tool software or relay HMI, and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software (is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate). Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website (arcteq.fi./downloads/).
  • Page 440 ) . Alternatively, the user can load the recordings individually ( Disturbance recorder → DR List ) from a folder in the PC's hard disk drive; the exact location of the folder is described in Tools → Settings → DR path . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 441: Event Logger

    Version: 2.09 The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer software instructions can be found in AQtivate 200 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Events The disturbance recorder function (abbreviated "DR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes of the function: the recorder generates an event each time it is triggered (manually or by dedicated signals).

  • Page 442: Measurement Recorder

    The setting tool estimates the maximum recording time, which depends on the recording interval. When the measurement recorder is running, the measurements can be viewed in graph form with the AQtivate PRO software (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 443 V V olta oltage mea ge measur surements ements L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Res.Curr.I01 TRMS Pri U1Volt Pri L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Res.Curr.I02 TRMS Pri U2Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh Sec.Pha.Curr.IL1 U3Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh Sec.Pha.Curr.IL2 U4Volt Pri L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 444 Neg.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh Pha.L3 ampl. THD Zero.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh Pha.L1 pow. THD U1Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Pha.L2 pow. THD U2Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Pha.L3 pow. THD U3Volt Angle Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 445 S2 Measurement I” Pri.Neg.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL31 ang S3 Measurement I” Pri.Zero.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res.Curr.I”01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res.Curr.I”02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 446 L1 Exp.Active Energy kWh Curve1 Input Pha.IL”2 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy MWh Curve1 Output Pha.IL”3 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy kWh Curve2 Input Pha.IL”1 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh Curve2 Output © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 447: Measurement Value Recorder

    The user can set up to eight (8) magnitudes to be recorded when the function is triggered. An overcurrent fault type, a voltage fault type, and a tripped stage can be recorded and reported straight to SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 448 The tan (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers. tanfiL3 cosfi3PH, cosfiL1, cosfiL2, The cos (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers. cosfiL3 Impedances and admit Impedances and admittances tances Descrip Description tion © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 449 Reported values When triggered, the function holds the recorded values of up to eight channels, as set. In addition to this tripped stage, the overcurrent fault type and the voltage fault types are reported to SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 450 45: U0> Trip 46: U0>> Trip 47: U0>>> Trip 48: U0>>>> Trip 0: - 1: A-G 2: B-G Overcurrent fault 3: A-B The overcurrent fault type. type 4: C-G 5: A-C 6: B-C 7: A-B-C © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 451: Running Hour Counter

    Indicates running hours counted so far. Running This value can be edited by the user. The user input must be set in hh:mm:ss hours seconds, which is then converted by the device to hours, minutes and seconds (hh:mm:ss). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 452 1: Clear Table. 4.6.10 - 328. Event messages. Event block name Event name RHC1 Running hour counter ON RHC1 Running hour counter OFF RHC1 Running hour counter cleared ON RHC1 Running hour counter cleared OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 453: Communica A Tion

    Ethernet and the Virtual Ethernet. Table. 5.1 - 330. Virtual Ethernet settings. Name Description Enable virtual adapter (No / Yes) Enable virtual adapter. Off by default. IP address Set IP address of the virtual adapter. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 454 Paritybits used by serial fiber channels. 2: Odd Stopbits 1...2 Stopbits used by serial fiber channels. 0: None 1: ModbutRTU 2: ModbusIO Protocol 3: IEC103 Communication protocol used by serial fiber channels. 4: SPA 5: DNP3 6: IEC101 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 455: Time Synchronization

    Commands → Sync Time command or in the clock view from the HMI. When using Sync time command AQtivate sets the time to device the connected computer is currently using. Please note that the clock doesn't run when the device is powered off. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 456: Ntp

    Grandmaster available. In these situations the devices make a selection which device will act as the clock source. In these cases without GPS synchronized clock source, the accuracy between the devices is still high. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 457: Communication Protocols

    Communication → Protocols → IEC61850 . AQ-21x frame units support Edition 1 of IEC 61850. AQ-25x frame units support both Edition 1 and 2 of IEC 61850. The following services are supported by IEC 61850 in Arcteq devices: © Arcteq Relays Ltd...
  • Page 458 Communication → IEC 61850 → GOOSE subscriptions . Determines the general data reporting deadband General deadband 0.1…10.0 % settings. 0.1…1000.0 Determines the data reporting deadband settings Active energy deadband 2 kWh for this measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 459: Logical Device Mode And Logical Node Mode

    • LNBeh can be reported through Beh data object in all logical nodes. • LDMod is only visible through logical node zero's Mod data object (LLN0.Mod). Mode and behavior values There are 5 values defined for mode and behavior: On, Blocked, Test, Test / Blocked and Off. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 460 Table. 5.3.1.1 - 341. All possible logical device and logical node combinations. LDMod LNMod LNBeh Test / Blocked Test Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Test Test / Blocked Blocked Test / Blocked Test / Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 461 Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as Questionable questionable questionable questionable questionable processed q.test = False q.validity = Good Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as invalid invalid valid valid processed q.test = True © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 462 “Processed as questionable” and “Processed as invalid” in the same way with “Not processed”. Only "Processed as valid" is passed to the application. Table. 5.3.1.1 - 343. Arcteq's implementation of processing of incoming data in different behaviors. Blocked...

  • Page 463: Goose

    5: Off 5.3.1.2 GOOSE Arcteq relays support both GOOSE publisher and GOOSE subscriber. GOOSE subscriber is enabled with the "GOOSE subscriber enable" parameter at Communication → Protocols → IEC 61850/ GOOSE. The GOOSE inputs are configured using either the local HMI or the AQtivate software.
  • Page 464 For other publishers, non-simulated frames are accepted normally (given no simulated frame is received from that publisher). This behavior ends when the setting is set back to No. GOOSE input settings The table below presents the different settings available for all 64 GOOSE inputs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 465 Table. 5.3.1.2 - 350. GOOSE input user description. Name Range Default Description User editable 1...31 GOOSE Description of the GOOSE input. This description is used in several description GI x characters IN x menu types for easier identification. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 466 GOOSE signals generate events from status changes. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 467: Modbus/Tcp And Modbus/Rtu

    1. Some masters might begin numbering holding register from 0 instead of 1; this will cause an offset of 1 between the relay and the master. Modbus map can be edited with Modbus Configurator ( Tools → Communication → Modbus Configurator ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 468: Iec 103

    TE: Once the configuration file has been loaded, the IEC 103 map of the relay can be found in the AQtivate software ( Tools → IEC 103 map ). The following table presents the setting parameters for the IEC 103 protocol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 469: Iec 101/104

    Table. 5.3.4 - 356. IEC 104 settings. Name Range Step Default Description IEC 104 Disabled Enables and disables the IEC 104 communication protocol. enable Disabled Enabled 0…65 IP port 2404 Defines the IP port used by the protocol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 470 4: 1/10 000 Power factor 5: 1/100 000 6: 1/1 000 000 Frequency 7: 10 8: 100 9: 1000 Current 10: 10 000 11: 100 000 Residual current 12: 1 000 000 Voltage Residual voltage Angle © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 471: Spa

    The full SPA signal map can be found in AQtivate ( Tools → SPA map ). The SPA event addresses can be found at Tools → Events and logs → Event list . © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 472: Dnp3

    Defines the address for the allowed master. address Link layer 0…60 Defines the length of the time-out for the link layer. time-out 000ms Link layer 1…20 Defines the number of retries for the link layer. retries © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 473 4: Var 5 0: Var 1 1: Var 2 2: Var 3 Group 32 variation (AI change) 4: Var 5 Selects the variation of the analog signal change. 3: Var 4 4: Var 5 5: Var 7 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 474: Modbus I/O

    Range Description I/O module Defines the Modbus unit address for the selected I/O Module (A, B, or C). If 0…247 X address this setting is set to "0", the selected module is not in use. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 475: Analog Fault Registers

    TRIP signal, its START trigger signal signal, or either one. START and TRIP signals Recorded - 1000 000.00…1 000 Displays the recorded measurement value at the fault 0.01 - 000.00 time of the selected fault register trigger. value © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 476: Real-Time Measurements To Communication

    UL12Ang, UL23Ang, UL31Ang, Angles of phase voltages, phase-to-phase voltages and residual voltages. U0Ang, U0CalcAng U1 Pos.seq V Ang, U2 Neg.seq V Positive and negative sequence angles. Powers S3PH P3PH Three-phase apparent, active and reactive power. Q3PH © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 477 M thermal T Motor thermal temperature. F thermal T Feeder thermal temperature. T thermal T Transformer thermal temperature. RTD meas 1…16 RTD measurement channels 1…16. Ext RTD meas 1…8 External RTD measurement channels 1…8 (ADAM module). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 478: Modbus Gateway

    -10 000 000.000…10 000 Magnitude X 0.001 - The unit depends on the selected 000.000 magnitude (either amperes, volts, or per- unit values). 5.6 Modbus Gateway Figure. 5.6 - 210. Example setup of Modbus Gateway application. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 479 Arc protection relays AQ-103 and AQ-103 LV Modbus variant is designed to work as a sub unit with Modbus Gateway master. More details about AQ-103 and AQ-103 LV capabilities and how to set them up can be found in AQ-103 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Also see application example at the end of this chapter.
  • Page 480 RTU. AQ-103 Modbus variant is able to report various signals like number of installed sensors, sensor activations, I/O activations etc. Holding registers of each signal can be found in the AQ-103 instruction manual. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 481 Figure. 5.6 - 212. To report imported bit signals to SCADA the signals must be connected to a logical output. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 482 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 5 Communication Instruction manual 5.6 Modbus Gateway Version: 2.09 Figure. 5.6 - 213. Example mimic where sensor activation location is indicated with a symbol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 483: Connections Of Aq-M257

    6 Connections and application examples A A Q Q -M257 -M257 6.1 Connections of AQ-M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.09 6 Connections and application examples 6.1 Connections of AQ-M257 Figure. 6.1 - 214. AQ-M257 variant without add-on modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 484 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual 6.1 Connections of AQ-M257 Version: 2.09 Figure. 6.1 - 215. AQ-M257 variant with digital input and output modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 485: Application Example And Its Connections

    6.2 Application example and its connections Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 6.1 - 216. AQ-M257 application example with function block diagram. 6.2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the motor protection relay. The example is of motor differential protection.

  • Page 486: Trip Circuit Supervision (95)

    (52b) even after the circuit breaker is opened. This requires a resistor which reduces the current: this way the coil is not energized and the relay output does not need to cut off the coil's inductive current. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 487 Non-latched outputs are seen as hollow circles in the output matrix, whereas latched contacts are painted. See the image below of an output matrix where a non-latched trip contact is used to open the circuit breaker. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 488 (in an open state) cannot be monitored as the digital input is shorted by the device's trip output. Figure. 6.3 - 221. Trip circuit supervision with one DI and one latched output contact. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 489 Logical output can be used in the output matrix or in SCADA as the user wants. The image below presents a block scheme when a non-latched trip output is not used. Figure. 6.3 - 222. Example block scheme. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 490: Construction And Installation Tion

    The images below present the modules of both the non-optioned model (AQ- X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA) and the fully optioned model (AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-BBBCCCCC BBBCCCCCJ J ). Figure. 7.1 - 223. Modular construction of AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 491 In field upgrades, therefore, add-on modules must be ordered from Arcteq Relays Ltd. or its representative who can then provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once the hardware configuration has been upgraded.
  • Page 492 If the code and the modules do not match, the device issues and alarm. An alarm is also issued if the device expects to find a module here but does not find one. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 493: Cpu Module

    Slots I…M in groups of five. Slot N has a double (LC) fiber Ethernet communication option card installed. These same principles apply to all non-standard configurations in the AQ-X257 devices. 7.2 CPU module Figure. 7.2 - 226. CPU module. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 494 "Auxiliary voltage" chapter in the "Technical data" section of this document. Digital input settings The settings described in the table below can be found at Control → Device I/O → Digital input settings in the relay settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 495 (T1…Tx), it takes an additional 5 ms round. Therefore, when a digital input controls a digital output internally, it takes 0…15 milliseconds in theory and 2…13 milliseconds in practice. NOTICE! TICE! The mechanical delay of the relay is no not t included in these approximations! © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 496: Current Measurement Module

    64 samples/cycle when the system frequency ranges from 6 Hz to 75 Hz. For further details please refer to the "Current measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of this document. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 497: Voltage Measurement Module

    64 samples/cycle when the system frequency ranges from 6 Hz to 75 Hz. For further details please refer to the "Voltage measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of this document. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 498: Option Cards

    1 V. All digital inputs are scannced in 5 ms program cycles, and their pick-up and release delays as well as their NO/NC selection can be set with software. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 499 (NC) defines whether or not the digital input is considered activated when the digital input channel is energized. The diagram below depicts the digital input states when the input channels are energized and de- energized. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 500 Control → Device IO → Digital inputs → Digital input voltages . Table. 7.5.1 - 376. Digital input channel voltage measurement. Name Range Step Description DIx Voltage now 0.000...275.000 V 0.001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 501: Digital Output Module (Optional)

    For technical details please refer to the chapter titled "Digital output module" in the "Technical data" section of this document. Digital output descriptions Option card outputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the menus: • logic editor • matrix © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 502: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module (Optional)

    Figure. 7.5.3 - 232. Arc protection module. Table. 7.5.3 - 378. Module connections. Connector Description Light sensor channels 1…4 with positive ("+"), sensor ("S") and earth connectors. HSO2 (+, NO) Common battery positive terminal (+) for the HSOs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 503 BI1, HSO1 and HSO2 are not visible in the Binary inputs and Binary outputs menus ( Control → Device I/O ), they can only be programmed in the arc matrix menu ( Protection → Arc protection → I/O → Direct output control and HSO control ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 504: Rtd Input Module (Optional)

    The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors. The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups, four channels each. The card supports Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 505: Serial Rs-232 Communication Module (Optional)

    Description • Serial-based communications • Wavelength 660 nm Serial fiber (GG/PP/ COM E • Compatible with 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 100/140 μm, and 200 μm GP/PG) Plastic-Clad Silica (PCS) fiber • Compatible with ST connectors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 506 COM F – Clock sync GND Clock synchronization input Pin 12 The option card includes two serial communication interfaces: COM E is a serial fiber interface with glass/plastic option, COM F is an RS-232 interface. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 507: Lc Or Rj45 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    • Communication port D, 100 Mbps LC fiber connector. • RJ-45 connectors COM D: • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode (glass). • 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX • Wavelength 1300 nm. Both cards support both HSR and PRP protocols. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 508: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module". The images below present two example configurations: the first displays a ring configuration (note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring), while the second displays a multidrop configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 509 7 Construction and installation A A Q Q -M257 -M257 7.5 Option cards Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 7.5.7 - 238. Example of a ring configuration. Figure. 7.5.7 - 239. Example of a multidrop configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 510: Double Rj45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    • Two Ethernet ports RJ-45 connectors • RJ-45 connectors • 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX This option card supports multidrop configurations. For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 511: Milliampere (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)

    Pin 1 mA OUT 1 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 2 mA OUT 1 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 3 mA OUT 2 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 4 mA OUT 2 – connector (0…24 mA) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 512: Dimensions And Installation

    (½) of the rack's width, meaning that a total of two devices can be installed to the same rack next to one another. The figures below describe the device dimensions (first figure), the device installation (second), and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing (third). Figure. 7.6 - 243. Device dimensions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 513 7 Construction and installation A A Q Q -M257 -M257 7.6 Dimensions and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.09 Figure. 7.6 - 244. Device installation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 514 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual 7.6 Dimensions and installation Version: 2.09 Figure. 7.6 - 245. Panel cut-out and spacing of the devices. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 515: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta

    < ±0.2° (I> 0.1 A) Angle measurement inaccuracy < ±1.0° (I≤ 0.1 A) Burden (50/60 Hz) <0.1 VA Transient overreach <8 % Coarse residual current input (I01) Rated current I 1 A (configurable 0.1…10 A) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 516 4 mm Maximum wire diameter NOTICE! TICE! Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50/60 Hz. The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other frequencies. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 517: Voltage Measurement

    The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other frequencies. 8.1.1.3 Voltage memory Table. 8.1.1.3 - 381. Technical data for the voltage memory function. Measurement inputs Voltage inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 518: Power And Energy Measurement

    3 VA secondary Energy measurement Frequency range 6…75 Hz 0.5% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) as standard Energy and power metering 0.2% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) option available (see the order code for inaccuracy details) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 519: Frequency Measurement

    Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm Other Minimum recommended fuse rating MCB C2 Table. 8.1.2.1 - 386. Power supply model B Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 18…72 VDC < 20 W Power consumption < 40 W © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 520: Cpu Communication Ports

    Port media Copper Ethernet RJ-45 Number of ports Features IEC 61850 IEC 104 Modbus/TCP Port protocols DNP3 Telnet Data transfer rate 100 MB/s System integration Can be used for system protocols and for local programming © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 521: Cpu Digital Inputs

    Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08 Solid or stranded wire 2.5 mm Maximum wire diameter 8.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs Table. 8.1.2.4 - 391. Digital outputs (Normally Open) Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 522 220 VDC 0.15 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable: Normally Open / Normally Closed Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 523: Option Cards

    Table. 8.1.3.2 - 394. Technical data for the digital output module. General information Spare part code #SP-250-DO5 Compatibility AQ-250 series models Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC) Continuous carry Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A Make and carry 3 s 15 A © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 524: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module

    Rated auxiliary voltage 250 VDC Continuous carry Make and carry 0.5 s 15 A Make and carry 3 s Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms) 1 A/110 W Control rate 5 ms Operation delay <1 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 525: Milliampere Module (Ma Out & Ma In)

    AQ-200 series & AQ-250 series models Signals Output magnitudes 4 × mA output signal (DC) Input magnitudes 1 × mA input signal (DC) mA input Range (hardware) 0...33 mA Range (measurement) 0...24 mA Inaccuracy ±0.1 mA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 526: Rtd Input Module

    PP Spare part code #SP-2XX-232PP PG Spare part code #SP-2XX-232PG GP Spare part code #SP-2XX-232GP GG Spare part code #SP-2XX-232GG Compatibility AQ-200 series & AQ-250 series models Ports RS-232 Serial fiber (GG/PP/GP/PG) Serial port wavelength 660 nm © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 527: Double Lc 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module

    IEC61850, DNP/TCP, Modbus/TCP, IEC104 & FTP ST connectors Duplex ST connectors Connector type 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode fiber 100BASE-FX Transmitter wavelength 1260…1360 nm (nominal: 1310 nm) Receiver wavelength 1100…1600 nm Maximum distance 2 km IRIG-B Connector © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 528: Display

    Slope 1 0.01…250.00 %, step 0.01 %, default 10.00 % Turnpoint 2 0.01…50.00 × I , step 0.01 × I , default 3.00 × I Slope 2 0.01…250.00 %, step 0.01 %, default 200.00 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 529: Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    ±1.0 % or ±30 ms IDMT setting parameters: - k Time dial setting for IDMT 0.01…25.00, step 0.01 IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 - B IDMT constant 0…5.0000, step 0.0001 - C IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 530: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time: I ratio > 3 ±1.0 % or ±20 ms - Definite time: I ratio = 1.05…3 ±1.0 % or ±30 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 531: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    Voltage inputs + U0 Voltage input calculations Positive sequence voltage angle Pick-up Characteristic direction Directional, non-directional Operating sector center -180.0…180.0 deg, setting step 0.1 deg Operating sector size (+/-) 1.00…170.00 deg, setting step 0.10 deg © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 532: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    Residual current channel I (Fine) Current input (selectable) Calculated residual current: I (A), I (B), I RMS residual current (I or calculated I TRMS residual current (I or I Current input magnitudes Peak-to-peak residual current (I or I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 533 97 % of the pick-up current and voltage setting U0/I0 angle 2.0° Reset time setting 0.000…150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±45 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 534: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    <70 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.5 % or ±60 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <55 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 535: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms Not t e! e! • Harmonics generally: The amplitude of the harmonic content has to be least 0.02 × I when the relative mode (Ih/IL) is used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 536: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time <50 ms 8.2.1.9 Low-impedance or high-impedance restricted earth fault/ cable end differential protection (I0d>; 87N) Table. 8.2.1.9 - 412. Technical data for the restricted earth fault/cable end differential function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 537: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    , setting step 0.01 %U Pick-up setting Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U - Voltage Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 538: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    Pick-up setting Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV - Voltage Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 539: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    ±30 mV - Voltage U0 - Voltage U0Calc ±150 mV Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U0 ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±45 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 540: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Np)

    , setting step 0.01 %U Pick-up setting Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV -Voltage Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy -Definite Time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 541: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 50 mHz (Fixed) <70 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) ratio +/- 50 mHz (Tracking) <3 cycles or <60 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) Reset © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 542: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    +/- 50 mHz) ±1.5 % or ±110 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 20 mHz (overreach) <200 ms ratio +/- 200 mHz (overreach) <90 ms Reset © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 543: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip): <40 ms - PQS /PQS ratio 1.05→ Reset Reset ratio 97 or 103 %P Instant reset time and start-up <40 ms reset Not t e! e! © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 544: Motor Start/ Locked Rotor Monitoring (Ist>; 48/14)

    Start time and instant operation time (trip): <55 ms ratio 1.05→ Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time setting 0.010 …150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 545: Machine Thermal Overload Protection (Tm>; 49M)

    , setting step 0.01 × I Ambient temperature min. and max. range –60…500 deg, setting step 1 deg Thermal model biasing (ambient): - Set ambient temperature –60…500 deg, setting step 1 deg - RTD Used measured ambient value © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 546: Frequent Start Protection (N>; 66)

    0.10…40.00 × I , setting step 0.10 × I Pick-up current setting Inaccuracy: ±0.5 %I or ±15 mA (0.10…4.0 × I - Current Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…150.00 s, setting step 0.005 s © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 547: Mechanical Jam Protection (Im>; 51M)

    Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms Not t e! e! • Mechanical jam protection requires that the motor running condition has been met before tripping is possible. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 548: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    1.0 V secondary voltage value and voltage angles before the fault. 8.2.1.23 Power factor protection (PF<; 55) Table. 8.2.1.23 - 426. Technical data for the power factor protection function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 549: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)

    Alarm setting range 101.00…2000.00 deg, setting step 0.1 deg (either < or > setting) Inaccuracy ±3 % of the set pick-up value Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up setting Operation Operating time Typically <500 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 550: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc) (Optional)

    - Regular relay outputs Reset Reset ratio for current 97 % of the pick-up setting Reset time <35 ms Not t e! e! • The maximum length of the arc sensor cable is 200 meters. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 551: Control Functions

    0.02…500.00 s, setting step 0.02 s Control termination time out setting 0.02…500.00 s, setting step 0.02 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time operating time ±0.5 % or ±10 ms Breaker control operation time External object control time <75 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 552: Indicator Object Monitoring

    ±1.0 mA (0.005…25.0 × I Time delay for alarm Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy_ - Definite time (I ratio > 1.05) ±2.0 % or ±80 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 553: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    <50 ms VTS MCB trip bus/line (external input) <50 ms Not t e! e! • When turning on the auxiliary power of a device, the normal condition of a stage has to be fulfilled before tripping. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 554: Circuit Breaker Wear Monitoring

    - Instant operating time, when I ratio > 3 Typically <20ms - Instant operating time, when I ratio Typically <25 ms 1.05 < I < 3 Reset Reset time Typically <10 ms Reset ratio 97 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 555: Disturbance Recorder

    150 kHz…30 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.2, CISPR 22 Radiated emissions: 30…1 000 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.1, CISPR 11 Immunity Electrostatic discharge (ESD): Air discharge 15 kV EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-2 Contact discharge 8 kV © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 556 Storage: +70 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-2 Operational: +55 °C, 16 h Cold test Storage: –40 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-1 Operational: –20 °C, 16 h Table. 8.3 - 442. Environmental conditions. IP classes © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 557 Height: 208 mm Dimensions Width: 257 mm (½ rack) Depth: 165 mm (no cards or connectors) Weight 1.5 kg With packaging (gross) Height: 250 mm Dimensions Width: 343 mm Depth: 256 mm Weight 2.0 kg © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 558: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion

    A A Q Q -M257 -M257 9 Ordering information Instruction manual 8.3 Tests and environmental Version: 2.09 9 Ordering information Accessories Order code der code Descrip Description tion Not t e e Manufact Manufactur urer er © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 559 Pressure and light point sensor unit (25,000 lux AQ-02B Max. cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd. threshold) Pressure and light point sensor unit (50,000 lux AQ-02C Max. cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd. threshold) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 560: Arcteq Relays Ltd

    Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370 Website: arcteq.fi Technical support: support.arcteq.fi +358 10 3221 388 (EET 9:00 – 17.00) E-mail (sales): sales@arcteq.fi © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

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