Arcteq AQ-M257 Instruction Manual
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Arcteq AQ-M257 Instruction Manual

Motor protection ied
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AQ-M257
Motor protection IED
Instruction manual

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Summary of Contents for Arcteq AQ-M257

  • Page 1 AQ-M257 Motor protection IED Instruction manual...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    4.2 Configuring user levels and their passwords................. 15 5 Functions unctions ...................................................... 17 5.1 Functions included in AQ-M257................... 17 5.2 Measurements........................19 5.2.1 Current measurement and scaling in differential applications ........19 5.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling ................31 5.2.3 Power and energy calculation ..................
  • Page 4 7 Connections and applic 7 Connections and applica a tion examples tion examples..................................440 7.1 Connections of AQ-M257 ....................440 7.2 Application example and its connections................442 7.3 Trip circuit supervision (95) ....................443 8 Construction and installa 8 Construction and installation tion ....................
  • Page 5 9.2.3.3 Circuit breaker wear monitoring ..............501 9.2.3.4 Total harmonic distortion................501 9.2.3.5 Disturbance recorder.................. 502 9.2.3.6 Event logger ....................502 9.3 Tests and environmental ....................502 10 Or 10 Ordering inf dering informa ormation tion ............................................505 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 6 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 11 Contact and r 11 Contact and re e f f er erence inf ence informa ormation tion....................................507 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 7 Nothing contained in this document shall increase the liability or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and/or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements.
  • Page 8 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Copyright Copyright © Arcteq Relays Ltd. 2022. All rights reserved. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 9: Document Inf

    - Order codes revised. - Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module descriptions Revision 2.02 Date 7.7.2020 Changes - A number of image descriptions improved. Revision 2.03 Date 27.8.2020 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 10 - Tech data updated: overfrequency, underfrequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency. - Improvements to many drawings and formula images. - AQ-M257 Functions included list Added: Power factor protection, motor status monitoring, voltage memory, indicator objects, vector jump protection, another instance of CTS, running hour counterv and measurement recorder.
  • Page 11 7.7.2022 - Added voltage THD function description. - Added THD voltage measurements. - Fixed logical input amounts. Changes - Added common signals function description. - Added PTP time synchronization description. - Added Modbus Gateway description. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 12: Version 1 Revision Notes

    -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 1.2 Version 1 revision notes Table. 1.2 - 2. Version 1 revision notes Revision 1.00 Date 13.4.2016 Changes The first revision for AQ-M257 IED. Revision 1.01 Date 10.2.2017 Changes Order code updated Revision 1.02 Date 5.1.2018...

  • Page 13: Abbr Bbre E Via Viations Tions

    FFT – Fast Fourier transform FTP – File Transfer Protocol GI – General interrogation HMI – Human-machine interface HR – Holding register HV – High voltage HW – Hardware IDMT– Inverse definite minimum time IED – Intelligent electronic device © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 14 SG – Setting group SOTF – Switch-on-to-fault SW – Software THD – Total harmonic distortion TRMS – True root mean square VT – Voltage transformer VTM – Voltage transformer module VTS – Voltage transformer supervision © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 15: General

    Version: 2.07 3 General The AQ-M257 motor protection IED is a member of the AQ-200 product line. The hardware and software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions. This manual describes the specific application of the AQ-M257 motor protection IED.

  • Page 16: Ied User Interface Erface

    (hardware or software) error that affects the operation of the unit. The activation of the yellow "Start" LED and the red "Trip" LED are based on the setting the user has put in place in the software. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 17: Configuring User Levels And Their Passwords

    The different user levels and their star indicators are as follows (also, see the image below for the HMI view): • Super user (***) • Configurator (**) • Operator (*) • User ( - ) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 18 In AQ-250 frame units unlocking and locking a user level generates a time-stamped event to the event log. NOTE! Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour (30 minutes) of inactivity. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 19: Functions Unctions

    Instruction manual Version: 2.07 5 Functions 5.1 Functions included in AQ-M257 The AQ-M257 motor protection relay includes the following functions as well as the number of stages for those functions. Table. 5.1 - 3. Protection functions of AQ-M257. F F unction...
  • Page 20 PGS (1) PGx>/< Programmable stage VMEM (1) Voltage memory 50Arc/ ARC (1) IArc>/I0Arc> Arc fault protection (optional) 50NArc Table. 5.1 - 4. Control functions of AQ-M257. F F unction unction packa package Name ( Name (number of number of ANSI ANSI...

  • Page 21: Measurements

    A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Table. 5.1 - 5. Monitoring functions of AQ-M257. F F unction unction packa package Name ( Name (number of number of ANSI ANSI Descrip Description tion A A B B C C...
  • Page 22 In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer's primary current, secondary current and machine nominal current are set. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 23 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 24 TrafoModule → Idx> [87T,87N] → Settings ). This way the direction of the measured currents are checked correctly from the relay's perspective. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 25 As seen in the image above, relay calculates both the HV side nominal current (669.2 A) and the LV side nominal current (5 888.97 A). The nominal current calculations are done according to the following formulas: The HV and LV side nominal current can also be calculated in per unit values as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 26 CT ratings and the transformer nominal current. Note that S1 is always connected to an odd connector regardless of the CT direction. The CT direction is selected in the settings of the transformer differential protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 27 [87T,87N] → Settings ). The difference with the first application is that here the CTs point towards the protected object instead of pointing through it. The following table presents the initial data of the connection as well as the ratings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 28 CTs are checked. In Application 2 it is necessary to inject higher amplitudes to the CTs via the secondary injection tool in order to reach the nominal currents. See the example calculation below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 29 P/S Table. 5.2.1 - 10. Settings of the Residual I02 CT scaling. Name Unit Range Step Default Description I02 CT 1…25000 0.00001 100 The rated primary current of the current transformer. primary © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 30 Sec") Table. 5.2.1 - 14. Phase current angle measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Phase angle ILx The phase angle measurement from each of the three phase current ("Pha.angle 0.000…360.000 0.001 inputs. ILx") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 31 Name Unit Range Step Description Residual current angle The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or 0.000…360.000 0.001 I02 current input. ("Res.curr.angle I0x") Calculated I0 angle 0.000…360.000 0.001 The calculated residual current angle measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 32 The calculated positive sequence current angle. ("Positive sequence curr.angle") Negative sequence current angle 0.000…360.0 0.001 The calculated negative sequence current angle. ("Negative sequence curr.angle") Zero sequence current angle 0.000…360.0 0.001 The calculated zero sequence current angle. ("Zero sequence curr.angle") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 33: Voltage Measurement And Scaling

    RI: The primary voltage, i.e. the voltage in the primary circuit which is connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer. SEC: SEC: The secondary voltage, i.e. the voltage which the voltage transformer transforms according to the ratio. This voltage is measured by the protection relay. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 34 - U4 VT secondary: 100 V - the zero sequence voltage is connected similarly to line-to-neutral voltages (+U0). - in case wiring is incorrect, all polarities can be individually switched by 180 degrees in the relay. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 35 Protection → Voltage → [protection stage menu] → Settings ). Fault loops are either line-to-line or line-to-neutral according to the "Measured magnitude" setting. As a default, the activation of any one voltage trips the voltage protection stage. Figure. 5.2.2 - 12. Selecting the operating mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 36 In the image below is an example of 2LL+U0+SS, that is, two line-to-line measurements with the zero sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchrocheck. Since U0 is available, line-to-neutral voltages can be calculated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 37 The VT scaling has been set to 20 000 : 100 V. The U4 channel measures the zero sequence voltage which has the same ratio (20 000 : 100 V). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 38 Table. 5.2.2 - 25. Settings of the VT scaling. Name Range Step Default Description Voltage 0: 3LN+U4 The relay's voltage wiring method. The voltages are scaled according measurement 1: 3LL+U4 3LN+U4 the set voltage measurement mode. mode 2: 2LL+U3+U4 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 39 VT scaling A relay feedback value; the scaling factor for the primary voltage's factor p.u. Pri per-unit value. VT scaling A relay feedback value; the scaling factor for the secondary voltage's factor p.u. Sec per-unit value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 40 The phase angle measurement from each of the four voltage inputs. Table. 5.2.2 - 29. Per-unit sequence voltage measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Positive sequence The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated positive sequence voltage × U 0.00…500.0 0.01 voltage. ("Pos.seq.Volt.p.u.") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 41 Range Step Description System voltage magnitude The primary RMS line-to-line UL12 voltage (measured or calculated). You UL12 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 can also select the row where the unit for this is kV. ("System volt UL12 mag") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 42 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 displayed only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and ("System U4 are in use. You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV. volt U4 mag") © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 43 ("Harm Abs.or 1: Absolute absolute values. Perc.") 0: Per unit Defines how the harmonics are displayed: in p.u. values, as primary Harmonics display 1: Primary V voltage values, or as secondary voltage values. 2: Secondary V © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 44: Power And Energy Calculation

    The following equations apply for power calculations with the line-to-neutral mode and the line- to-line voltage mode (with U0 connected and measured): Figure. 5.2.3 - 17. Three-phase power (S) calculation. Figure. 5.2.3 - 18. Three-phase active power (P) calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 45 (φ) (tangent phi), which is calculated according the following formula: Power factor calculation is done similarly to the Cosine phi calculation but the polarity is defined by the reactive power direction. Therefore, the power factor is calculated with the following formula: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 46 0: Undefined 1: Q1 Fwd Cap AV VA Quadrant 2: Q2 Rev Ind AV Indicates what the power VA quadrant is at that moment. Undefined 3: Q3 Rev Cap VA 4: Q4 Fwd Ind VA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 47 Indicates the total number of pulses sent. sent Table. 5.2.3 - 38. DC 1…4 Pulse out settings Name Range Step Default Description None selected DC 1…4 Pulse out OUT1…OUTx The selection of the controlled physical outputs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 48 904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The total amount of imported active energy. MWh) 904.00 -999 999 995 Active Energy (P) Export/Import 904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The sum of imported and exported active energy. balance (kWh or MWh) 904.00 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 49 The apparent energy of the phase while active energy is Apparent Energy (S) while Export (P) Lx 0.01 -1x10 …1x10 exported. The apparent energy of the phase while active energy is Apparent Energy (S) while Import (P) Lx 0.01 -1x10 …1x10 imported. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 50 L2 Cos 0.77 L3 Cos L3 Cos 0.99 3PH Cos H Cos 0.87 Voltages (line-to-line): Currents: = 100.00 V, 30.00° = 2.5 A, 0.00° = 100.00 V, -90.00° = 2.5 A, -120.00° = 2.5 A, 120.00° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 51: Frequency Tracking And Scaling

    Measurement sampling can be set to the frequency tracking mode or to the fixed user- defined frequency sampling mode. The benefit of frequency tracking is that the measurements are within a pre-defined accuracy range even when the fundamental frequency of the power system changes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 52 FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer. The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq's patented calibration algorithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight (8) system frequency points for both magnitude and angle.
  • Page 53 "Start behavior" is set to "First nominal or tracked". Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - channel A Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - channel B © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 54: General Menu

    If an external clock time synchronization source is available, the type is Time defined with this parameter. In the internal mode there is no external 0: Internal synchronization source 2: External Timesync source. IRIG-B requires a serial fiber communication option Serial card. 3: IRIG-B © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 55 0: Disabled Enables the measurement recorder tool, further configured in Tools → Measurement recorder 0: Disabled 1: Enabled Misc → Measurement recorder. 0: - Reconfigure mimic 0: - Reloads the mimic to the unit. Reconfigure © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 56: Protection Functions

    5.4.1 General properties of a protection function The following flowchart describes the basic structure of any protection function. The basic structure is composed of analog measurement values being compared to the pick-up values and operating time characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 57 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 The protection function is run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 58 Figure. 5.4.1 - 21. Pick up and reset. The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if a blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 59 • Definite time operation (DT): activates the trip signal after a user-defined time delay regardless of the measured current as long as the current is above or below the X value and thus the pick-up element is active (independent time characteristics). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 60 Selects whether the delay curve series for an IDMT operation follows either IEC or IEEE/ANSI standard defined characteristics. Delay curve 0: IEC 0: IEC series 1: IEEE This setting is active and visible when the "Delay type" parameter is set to "IDMT". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 61 "Param". Defines the Constant C for IEEE characteristics. This setting is active and visible when the "Delay type" parameter is 0.0000…250.0000 0.0001 0.0200 set to "IDMT" and the "Delay characteristic" parameter is set to "Param". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 62 = Operating delay (s) t = Operating delay (s) k = Time dial setting k = Time dial setting = Measured maximum current = Measured maximum current = Pick-up setting = Pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 63 1: Yes reset. release time The behavior of the stages with different release time configurations are presented in the figures below. Figure. 5.4.1 - 25. No delayed pick-up release. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 64 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.1 - 26. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter is reset at signal drop-off. Figure. 5.4.1 - 27. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter value is held during the release time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 65: Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 66 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional overcurrent function. Figure. 5.4.2 - 29. Simplified function block diagram of the I> function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 67 1: RMS Defines which available measured magnitude is used by the function. 3: Peak- to-peak 1: Side 1 1: Side Measurement side Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. 2: Side 2 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 68 When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip, remaining 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs. to trip meas 0.00...1250.00 0.01 The ratio between the highest measured phase current and the pick-up value. at the moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 69 This function supports definite time delay (DT) and inverse definite minimum time delay (IDMT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 70 NOC1 Phase B Start ON NOC1 Phase B Start OFF NOC1 Phase C Start ON NOC1 Phase C Start OFF NOC1 Phase A Trip ON NOC1 Phase A Trip OFF NOC1 Phase B Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 71 NOC3 Phase C Start ON NOC3 Phase C Start OFF NOC3 Phase A Trip ON NOC3 Phase A Trip OFF NOC3 Phase B Trip ON NOC3 Phase B Trip OFF NOC3 Phase C Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 72: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    The non-directional earth fault function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 73 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional earth fault function. Figure. 5.4.3 - 31. Simplified function block diagram of the I0> fucntion. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 74 Measurement 1: Side Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. side 2: Side 1: I01 2: I02 Input selection 1: I01 Defines which measured residual current is used by the function. I0Calc © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 75 When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip, this remaining 0.000...1800.000 s displays how much time is left before tripping occurs. to trip meas at the 0.00...1250.00 0.01 The ratio between the measured current and the pick-up value. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 76 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 5.4.3 - 62. Event messages. Event block name Event names NEF1 Start ON NEF1 Start OFF NEF1 Trip ON NEF1 Trip OFF NEF1 Block ON NEF1 Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 77: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    The directional overcurrent function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 78 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the directional overcurrent function. Figure. 5.4.4 - 32. Simplified function block diagram of the Idir> function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 79 Set mode of DOC block. Blocked Idir> LN 3: Test 1: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in mode 4: Test/ General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 80 Pick-up setting 0.10…40.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 81 In a short- circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation. Figure. 5.4.4 - 34. Operation sector area when the sector center has been set to -45 degrees. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 82 When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip, remaining -1800.000...1800.00s 0.005s this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs. to trip meas The ratio between the highest measured phase current and the pick-up 0.00...1250.00I 0.01I at the value. moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 83 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 5.4.4 - 69. Event messages. Event block name Event names DOC1 Start ON DOC1 Start OFF DOC1 Trip ON DOC1 Trip OFF DOC1 Block ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 84 Measuring live angle OFF DOC3 Using voltmem ON DOC3 Using voltmem OFF DOC4 Start ON DOC4 Start OFF DOC4 Trip ON DOC4 Trip OFF DOC4 Block ON DOC4 Block OFF DOC4 No voltage, Blocking ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 85: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    (DT) or for inverse definite minimum time (IDMT); the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 86 Both I and U must be above the squelch limit to be able to detect the angle. The squelch limit for the I current is 0.01 x I and for the U voltage 0.01 x U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 87 1: Side Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. side 2: Side 2 1: I01 Input 2: I02 1: I01 Defines which measured residual current is used by the function. selection 3: I0Calc © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 88 I0 angle blinder (Petersen coil earthed) -90.0…0.0° 0.1° -90° The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 89 Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according to the zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line (ohms per kilometer). It is normal that in cable networks fault currents are higher than in overhead lines. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 90 In emergency situations a line with an earth fault can be used for a specific time. Figure. 5.4.5 - 38. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (Petersen coil earthed network model). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 91 This resistance includes the amplitude of the fault current. In undercompensated or overcompensated situations the resistive component does not change during the fault; therefore, selective tripping is ensured even when the network is slightly undercompensated or overcompensated. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 92 Directly earthed or small impedance network schemes are normal in transmission, distribution and industry. The phase angle setting of the tripping area is adjustable as is the base direction of the area (angle offset). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 93 CT errors. For all these reasons, Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault protections.
  • Page 94 No extra parameterization is required compared to the traditional method. The multi- criteria algorithm can be tested with COMTRADE files supplied by Arcteq. The function requires a connection of three-phase currents, residual current and residual voltage to operate correctly.
  • Page 95 If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick- up signal is reset. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 96 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF1 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF1 I0Cosfi Trip OFF DEF1 I0Sinfi Trip ON DEF1 I0Sinfi Trip OFF DEF2 Start ON DEF2 Start OFF DEF2 Trip ON DEF2 Trip OFF DEF2 Block ON DEF2 Block OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 97 DEF4 Block OFF DEF4 I0Cosfi Start ON DEF4 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF4 I0Sinfi Start ON DEF4 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip OFF DEF4 I0Sinfi Trip ON DEF4 I0Sinfi Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 98: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    (DT) or inverse definite minimum time (IDMT). The IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selelction • input magnitude processing © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 99 Time base Positive sequence current magnitude 5 ms Negative sequence current magnitude 5 ms Zero sequence current magnitude 5 ms I1 ANG Positive sequence current angle 5 ms I2 ANG Negative sequence current angle 5 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 100 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 101 Both IEC and IEEE/ANSI standard characteristics as well as user settable parameters are available for the IDMT operation. Unique to the current unbalance protection is the availability of the “Curve2” delay which follows the formula below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 102 OFF for messages in the main event buffer. The function offers four (4) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. The triggering event of the function (START, TRIP or BLOCKED) is recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 103 Date and time Event Used SG current current current currents remaining Setting dd.mm.yyyy Event Start/Trip Start/Trip Start -200ms I1, I2, IZ mag. 0 ms...1800s group 1...8 hh:mm:ss.mss name -20ms current current current and ang. active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 104: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the non-directional harmonic overcurrent function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 105 The magnitudes (RMS) of phase L1 (A) current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic IL1FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 106 The magnitudes (RMS) of residual I0 current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic I01FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17 harmonic - 19 harmonic. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 107 5: Off 1: Side 1 Ih> Defines which current measurement module is used by the function. Visible if the unit measurement 1: Side 1 2: Side 2 has more than one current measurement module. side © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 108 5.00…200.00% 0.01% 20.00% (percentage monitoring) The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 109 This function supports definite time delay (DT) and inverse definite minimum time delay (IDMT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 110 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 111: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counters for RETRIP, CBFP, CBFP START and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the circuit breaker failure protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 112 START or TRIP event. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 113 Selects the residual current monitoring source, which can be either from the two 1: I01 0: Not I0Input separate residual measurements (I01 and I02) or from the phase current's 2: I02 in use calculated residual current. 3: I0Calc © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 114 This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in behaviour 4: Test/ General menu. Blocked 5: Off 0: Normal 1: Start CBFP condition 2: ReTrip Displays status of the protection function. 3: CBFP On 4: Blocked © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 115 CBFP starts the timer. This setting defines how long the starting condition CBFP 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.200s has to last before the CBFP signal is activated. The following figures present some typical cases of the CBFP function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 116 The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker's redundant trip coil. The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incomer breaker. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 117 CBFP signal to the incomer breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, both counters (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 118 (RETRIP and CBFP) are reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset. This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current-based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 119 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled with current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included in the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 120 Probably the most common application is when the device's trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil, while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function. Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 121 CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker. If the primary protection function clears the fault, the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 122 The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset. This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, and other function trips can be excluded from the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 123 This configuration allows the CBFP to be controlled by current-based functions alone, with added security from current monitoring. Other function trips can also be included to the CBFP functionality. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 124 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure. 5.4.8 - 54. Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 125 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 5.4.8 - 97. Event messages. Event block name Event names CBF1 Start ON CBF1 Start OFF CBF1 Retrip ON CBF1 Retrip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 126: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)

    The function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. The operating mode of the function can be changed via setting group selection. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 127 RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01 I02RMS RMS measurement of residual input I02 IL1Ang Angle of phase L1 (A) current IL2 Ang Angle of phase L2 (B) current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 128 The residual current mode is more calculation current (Phase and I0 sensitive while the maximum current is coarser. max) 0.01…50.00% I0d> pick- 0.01% Setting for basic sensitivity of the differential characteristics. (of I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 129 Figure. 5.4.9 - 57. Differential characteristics for the I0d> function with default settings. The equations for the differential characteristics are the following: Figure. 5.4.9 - 58. Differential current (the calculation is based on user-selected inputs and direction). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 130 The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's testing mode "Enable stage forcing" is activated ( General → Device ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 131 CTs are still within the promised 5P class (which is probably the most common CT accuracy class). When the current natural unbalance is compensated in this situation, the differential settings may be set to be more sensitive and the natural unbalance does not, therefore, affect the calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 132 During an outside earth fault the circulating residual current in the faulty phase winding does not cause a trip because the comparison of the measured starpoint current and the calculated residual current differential is close to zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 133 If the fault is located inside of the transformer and thus inside of the protection area, the function catches the fault with high sensitivity. Since the measured residual current now flows in the opposite direction than in the outside fault situation, the measured differential current is high. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 134 TRIP-activated and BLOCKED signals. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 135: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed voltage magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 136 0: P-P Measured Selection of phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth voltages. Additionally, the U3 or voltages voltages magnitude U4 input can be assigned as the voltage channel to be supervised. 2: U3 input (2LL-U3SS) 3: U4 input (SS) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 137 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event. Figure. 5.4.10 - 66. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 5.4.10 - 67. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 138 Table. 5.4.10 - 108. Pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default 0: 1 voltage Operation mode Pick-up criteria selection 1: 2 voltages 0: 1 voltage 2: 3 voltages 50.00…150.00%U 0.01%U 105%U Pick-up setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 139 The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time-stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 140 0.01s 0.05s setting k Time dial/multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics. This setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type. IDMT 0.01…25.00s 0.01s 1.00s Multiplier IDMT time multiplier in the U power. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 141 Table. 5.4.10 - 112. Event messages. Event block name Event names Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 142: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    (DT) mode and inverse definite minimum time (IDMT). The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • two block signal checks (undervoltage block or stage external signal) • time delay characteristics © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 143 Table. 5.4.11 - 114. Measurement inputs of the U< function. Signal Description Time base RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 144 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event. Figure. 5.4.11 - 70. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 5.4.11 - 71. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 145 Name Description Range Step Default 0.00…120.00%U 0.01%U 60%U Pick-up setting U Block Block setting. If set to zero, blocking is not in use. The operation is 0.00…100.00%U 0.01%U 10%U setting explained in the next chapter. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 146 Time When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a remaining -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s trip, this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs. to trip © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 147 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics). The IDMT function follows this formula: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 148 2: Yes element is reset. release time The user can reset characteristics through the application. The default setting is a 60 ms delay; the time calculation is held during the release time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 149 Block ON Block OFF Undervoltage Block ON Undervoltage Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF Block ON Block OFF Undervoltage Block ON Undervoltage Block OFF Start ON Start OFF Trip ON Trip OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 150: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    100/√3 V = 57.74 V. Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to zero sequence voltage calculation). Below are some examples of zero sequence calculation. Figure. 5.4.12 - 74. Normal situation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 151 • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed voltage magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 152 START or TRIP event. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 153 Primary voltage required for tripping. The displayed pick-up voltage level U0> Pick- 0.0...1 000 000.0V 0.1V depends on the chosen U0 measurement input selection, on the pick-up up setting settings and on the voltage transformer settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 154 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics). The IDMT function follows this formula: Where: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 155 In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release. When using this option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re-activated while the release time count is on-going. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 156 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 157: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Pn)

    Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to positive sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of positive sequence calculation (positive sequence component vector). Figure. 5.4.13 - 78. Normal situation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 158 Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation). In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation (negative sequence component vector). Figure. 5.4.13 - 81. Normal situation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 159 START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the sequence voltage function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 160 Set mode of VUB block. 2: Blocked U1/2 >/< LN 3: Test 0: On mode This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN 4: Test/Blocked mode is enabled in General menu. 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 161 U< pick-up setting. Please see the image below for a visualization of this function. If the block level is set to zero (0), blocking is not in use. Figure. 5.4.13 - 85. Example of the block setting operation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 162 There are three basic operating modes available for the function: • Instant operation: gives the TRIP signal with no additional time delay simultaneously with the START signal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 163 2: Yes release 2: Yes element is not activated during this time. When disabled, the operating time time counter is reset directly after the pick-up element reset. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 164 Trip OFF VUB2 Block ON VUB2 Block OFF VUB3 Start ON VUB3 Start OFF VUB3 Trip ON VUB3 Trip OFF VUB3 Block ON VUB3 Block OFF VUB4 Start ON VUB4 Start OFF VUB4 Trip ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 165: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 166 The frequency protection function compares the measured frequency to the pick-up setting (given in Hz). The source of the measured frequency depends on the user-defined tracking reference which can be chosen from the Frequency tab of the Measurement menu. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 167 0: No 0: No f< used in setting group group. 1: Yes f<< used in setting group f<<< used in setting group f<<<< used in setting group fset> fset>> Pick-up setting 10.00…80.00Hz 0.01Hz 51Hz fset>>> fset>>>> © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 168 If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 169 Start OFF FRQV1 f>>>> Trip ON FRQV1 f>>>> Trip OFF FRQV1 f< Start ON FRQV1 f< Start OFF FRQV1 f< Trip ON FRQV1 f< Trip OFF FRQV1 f<< Start ON FRQV1 f<< Start OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 170: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    One of the most common causes for the frequency to deviate from its nominal value is an unbalance between the generated power and the load demand. If the unbalance is big the frequency changes rapidly. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 171 The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 172 L-N voltages of the second voltage transformer 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 173 This function supports definite time delay (DT). For detailed information on this delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 174 START, TRIP and BLOCKED. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 175 DFT1 df/dt>/< (8) Trip ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (8) Trip OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (1) Block ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (1) Block OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (2) Block ON DFT1 df/dt>/< (2) Block OFF DFT1 df/dt>/< (3) Block ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 176: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    The power protection function is for instant and time-delayed, three-phase overpower or underpower protection (active, reactive, or apparent). The user can select the operating mode with parameter settings. The figure below presents the pick-up areas of the function's different modes, displayed in a PQ diagram. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 177 START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the power protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 178 Blocked 5: Off Defines which power measurement module is used by the function. PQS>/< 1: POW1 This setting is available if the device has more than one current measurement side 2: POW2 POW1 measurement module. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 179 "Use Gen nom MVA" or "Use Trafo nom MVA". Pick-up Pick-up setting used at the moment by the function. Value of this -1800.000...1800.000MVA 0.001MVA setting parameter can change if setting group has been changed. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 180 The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 5.4.16 - 154. Event messages. Event block name Event names PWR1 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 181: Motor Status Monitoring

    The function also keeps track of the running time and the starting time. Additionally, the function has a cumulative counter that tells the overall time the motor has been stopped, and it shows the last time the motor was stopped. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 182 Figure. 5.4.17 - 92. Simplified function block diagram of the motor status monitoring function. The function's outputs are dependent on the motor data the user has set. The following two diagram present the function's outputs in various situations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 183 “No load current” setting. These motor status signals can be used in the motor protection scheme to block overcurrent stages, to change setting groups, and to release blockings (e.g if something happens during start-up). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 184 START signals behave during a motor start-up. Also note that the Mo Mot t or star or starting ting signal can be used to block the overcurrent stage. Figure. 5.4.17 - 95. Blocking application in the relay configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 185 Settings and signals The settings of the motor status monitoring function are mostly shared with other motor protection functions in the device's motor module. The following table shows these other functions that also use these settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 186 This setting is used for automatic curve 0.1…40.0xI 0.1xI 6.0xI starting (Tm>; 49M) selection and calculation. Also, the nominal starting current - Motor start capacity calculation is based on this value. monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 187 - Motor start this setting limit it is considered to be overcurrent fault monitoring and corresponding measures can be applied to (Ist>; 48) disconnect the feeder and motor from the supply. - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 188 (Tm>; 49M) - Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Motor status monitoring - Machine thermal No load 0.1...5000A 0.1A overload The motor's no load current in amperes. current < A protection (Tm>; 49M) - Undercurrent (I<; 37) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 189 0.1s 15.0s overload automatic control. This parameter is also used in the protection motor start-up and the number of starts calculations. (Tm>; 49M) - Motor start monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 190 "No active Load 0: Not load current" and below the motor's nominal current (including the ambient and Normal active service factor corrections). Active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 191: Motor Start/ Locked Rotor Monitoring (Ist>; 48/14)

    5.4.18 Motor start/ locked rotor monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) The motor start/locked rotor monitoring function is used for monitoring the start-up's duration as well as the start-up's stress on the motor. The function can also be used after starting locked rotor protection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 192 Ist> function for various situations. It is advised that the speed switch –if available– is also used for the motor start monitoring, especially when the motor has a high load when starting, thus making the start-up take very long. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 193 If the starting of the motor takes longer than the function's set value, the function trips the breaker and halts the starting process; if the motor cannot start normally there is something wrong with the application. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 194 If the speed switch is in use while a similar situation happens (that is, that the motor starting is taking longer than it should), the speed switch ensures that the start-up of the motor is still going fine and the function lets the starting process continue. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 195 If the motor start-up with a speed switch exceeds the allowed safe stall time of the motor specifications, the function trips. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 196 The function monitors either given definite time, or the I value and the speed switch input. If given time is exceeded during the stall time the function initiates tripping of the motor from the stall condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 197 The motor starting mode selection. The user can select Motor 1: Y-delta 0: DOL - Motor start between direct-on-line (DOL), Star-Delta and Soft start in Start 2: Soft start monitoring future releases. (Ist>; 48/14) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 198 1.5xI detect - Motor start load current limit and the start detect current limit within a current monitoring ten-millisecond period. If the current increases slower, it is (Ist>; 48/14) not defined as a motor start. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 199 - Motor status monitoring - Machine thermal overload protection locked (Tm>; 49M) 0.1...5000A 0.1A The maximum locked rotor current in amperes. rotor - Motor start current A monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) Mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 200 This (Tm>; 49M) parameter is also used in the motor start-up and the number - Motor start of starts calculations. monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) - Mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 201 Active 0: Not Ist> active 0: Not The BLOCKED output of the function. This signal activates when the START output is BLOCKED active activated but the function is blocked from operating normally. Active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 202: Frequent Start Protection (N>; 66)

    N> function, thus allowing the motor to cool down sufficiently before the next start attempt. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 203 (in hours) is then subtracted from this sum. This way the start counter can be applied to follow the motor's thermal status and the number of starts per hour accurately. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 204 In each start the counter is increased by this product which is then in every cycle deduct by starts/given time divided by program cycle time. This way the start-up counter can be precisely set for each motor. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 205 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 206 This parameter is also used (Tm>; 49M) in the motor start-up and the number of starts calculations. - Motor start monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 50M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 207 (1) or more starts available. Active 0: Not N> active Blocked output of the function. This signal activates when the function is activated BLOCKED but is blocked from operating normally. Active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 208: Non-Directional Undercurrent Protection (I<; 37)

    The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. In the time-delayed mode the operation can be set to operate on definite time (DT) delay. The inputs for the function are the following: • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 209 2: Blocked Set mode of NUC block. 3: Test I< LN mode 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 210 Also, when 0.2 x I overload current< the current is below this value, the undercurrent protection stage protection is locked. (Tm>; 49M) - Undercurrent (I<; 37) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 211 If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick- up signal is reset. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 212: Mechanical Jam Protection (Im>; 51M)

    Having separate functions for start-up and for mechanical jams divides the situations clearly; for example, the mechanical jam protection can be set to instant operation while the locked rotor function allows motor starting several tens of seconds. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 213 The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from a START or TRIP event. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 214 Object In in the CT settings, this value should be 1.00. If Scaled monitoring scaled to the CT nominal, this value may vary. (Ist>; 48) Undercurrent (I<; 37) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 215 0.1…40.0xI 0.1xI 3.5xI rotor (Tm>; 49M) automatic curve selection and the control only short time current - Motor start constant (stall) are in use. monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 216 (stall) time constant. As long as the (Tm>; 49M) current current stays below this setting value, the motor should - Motor start run even when overloaded. monitoring (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 217 This parameter is also used in the motor start-up and thermal the number of starts calculations. overload protection (Ist>; 48) - Load jam protection (Im>; 51M) Table. 5.4.21 - 180. Pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default Pick-up setting 0.10…40.00xI 0.10xI 6.00xI © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 218 The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's testing mode "Enable stage forcing" is activated ( General → Device ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 219: Power Factor Protection (Pf<; 55)

    The power factor protection function is the ratio of active power to apparent power (cos φ = P/S). In a fully resistive load the power factor is 1.00. In partially inductive loads the power factor is under 1.00. Power factor protection cannot detect a power factor value that is too low. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 220 • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 221 2: Blocked Set mode of UPF block. 3: Test PF< LN mode 0: On 4: Test/ This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 222 The ratio between the measured power factor and the alarm pick-up at the 0.00...1250.00 0.01 alarm value. moment Expected 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. operating time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 223 Table. 5.4.22 - 188. Event messages. Event block name Event names UPF1 Block ON UPF1 Block OFF UPF1 Start ON UPF1 Start OFF UPF1 Trip ON UPF1 Trip OFF UPF1 Alarm Start ON UPF1 Alarm Start OFF UPF1 Alarm ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 224: Machine Thermal Overload Protection (Tm>; 49M)

    "memory" uses; it is an integral function which tells apart this function from a normal overcurrent function and its operating principle for overload protection applications. In heating and cooling situations the thermal image for this function is calculated according to the two equations described below: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 225 = Correction factor between the times t and t The equation below is that of the effective current of the protected object including the TRMS measurement maximum phase current as well as a possible phase current unbalance condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 226 100 % indefinitely but never exceeds it. With a single time constant model the cooling of the object follows this same behavior, the reverse of the heating when the current feeding is completely zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 227 The formulas below present examples of the calculation of the ambient temperature coefficient (a linear correction factor to the maximum allowed current): © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 228 The settable thermal capacity curve uses linear interpolation for ambient temperature correction with a maximum of ten (10) pairs of temperature–correction factor pairs. The temperature and coefficient pairs are set to the TM> function's settable correction curve. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 229 (locked rotor, overloading situations) in order to achieve a suitable thermal image for the machine. The following figure presents the various differences to consider when solve the time constants in the motor (as compared to single time constant objects like cables). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 230 Figure. 5.4.23 - 116. Simplified motor construction and time constants. Any normal induction machine such as electric motors have the following major components: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 231 (DOL) starting. Table. 5.4.23 - 190. Motor heating during DOL starting. The motor is de-energized and all parts of it are in the ambient temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 232 Most motors are rotor- limited which results in the rotor heating up to dangerously high temperatures before the stator. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 233 Now, the heat transfer is stabilized and the heat generated in the motor is transferred to the surrounding air and the temperatures of the internal components are not increasing any longer. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 234 RTD elements. The rotor temperature is highest on the drive end becuase the cooling is the weakest there (as can be seen in the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 235 1.15 and the ambient temperature was measured to be 24 degrees Celsius. In this case the motor was started without a load, and the loading was increased directly after starting in order to concentrate the heating effects of stable loading. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 236 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.23 - 118. Measured motor temperature in heating/cooling test. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 237 Thermal trip curves Motor thermal curves are useful when studying motor heating in possible overload and start-up situations. These are usually available upon request from manufacturers, and the relay operation can be set according to these. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 238 If the motor is continuously running with a constant load, the cooling time constant is not that significant and can be estimated to be e.g. two to three times longer than the heating time constant. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 239 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.23 - 121. Comparing single time constant thermal replica tripping curves to given motor thermal characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 240 In the curve simulations the hot condition was defined as 70 % of the thermal capacity. The following figures present the tripping and cooling curves of the thermal replica. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 241 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.23 - 123. Thermal tripping curves with single time constant, pre-load 0% (cold). Figure. 5.4.23 - 124. Thermal tripping curves with single time constant, pre-load 90% (hot). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 242 Figure. 5.4.23 - 125. Thermal tripping curves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor, pre-load 0% (cold) Figure. 5.4.23 - 126. Thermal tripping curves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor, pre-load 90% (hot). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 243 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.23 - 127. Thermal cooling curves, single cooling time constant. Figure. 5.4.23 - 128. Thermal cooling curves, dynamic dual time constant. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 244 Figure. 5.4.23 - 129. Thermal cooling curves, dynamic triple time constant (motor is running without load in the first part with dedicated time constant). Figure. 5.4.23 - 130. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 1. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 245 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.23 - 131. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 3. Figure. 5.4.23 - 132. NPS-biased thermal trip curves with k value of 7. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 246 The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the TRIP, ALARM 1, ALARM 2, INHIBIT and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the machine thermal overload protection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 247 Activated Temp C or 0: C The selection of whether the temperature values of the thermal image and RTD 0: C F deg 1: F compensation are shown in Celsius or in Fahrenheit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 248 - motor status monitoring - machine thermal overload Nominal protection starting (TM>; 49M) 0.1...5000.0A 0.1A The motor's locked rotor current in amperes. current - motor start/ locked rotor monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) - mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 249 - motor status monitoring - machine thermal overload protection locked (TM>; 49M) rotor 0.1...5000.0A 0.1A The maximum locked rotor current in amperes. - motor start/ current locked rotor monitoring (Ist>; 48/14) - mechanical jam protection (Im>; 51M) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 250 If the (TM>; 49M) service factor is not known, this parameter should be left at its default setting of 1.00 x I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 251 The negative sequence current biasing factor. This factor depends on the NPS-bias motor's construction and is in relation to the positive and negative 0.1…10.0 factor sequence rotor resistances. A typical value for this is the default setting 3.0. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 252 T 0…3000.0min 1.0min 10.0min heating and cooling. This setting is visible when the time constants option const "Multiple" and the "Set manually" option from "Estimate short TC and timings" are both selected. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 253 0: Linear est. calculated compensation based on end temperatures or by a user-settable lin. or Linear 1: Set curve curve. The default setting is "0: Linear est." which means the internally curve calculated correction for ambient temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 254 40 % ALARM 1 activation threshold. level Enable 0: Disabled TM> Disabled Enabling/disabling the ALARM 2 signal and the IO. 1: Enabled Alarm 2 TM> Alarm 2 0.0…150.0 % 40 % ALARM 2 activation threshold. level © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 255 2: Blocked Displays the mode of TOLM block. TM> LN 3: Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General behaviour 4: Test/ menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 256 - TM> T est. with act. curr.: estimation of the used thermal capacity including the current at a given moment - TM> T at a given moment: the thermal capacity used at that moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 257 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for TRIP, BLOCKED, etc. signals. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 258: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    Underimpedance protection is an alternative for voltage-restrained overcurrent protection. It can be used to detect short-circuit faults near the generator even when the short-circuit current is small. Additionally, under impedance protection can be used as backup protection for transformer protection. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 259 • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed impedance magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 260 Impedance of phase-to-phase (P3-P1) Pos.Seq.Imp Positive sequence impedance General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 261 When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a remaining to -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s trip, this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs. trip meas 0.00...1250.00 0.01 The ratio between the lowest measured impedance and the pick-up value. the moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 262 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 263: Inadvertend Energizing Protection (I> U< I.a.e; 50/27)

    Table. 5.4.25 - 209. Measurement inputs of the Z< function. Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current Pos. Seq. Voltage Positive sequence voltage © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 264 "start" condition. activation Current 0.05 If "start" condition is on and each phase current is above this limit the 0.05...3.00 xIn 0.05 xIn limit I>/< function will trip. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 265 The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's testing mode "Enable stage forcing" is activated ( General → Device ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 266: Inadvertend Energizing Protection (I> U< I.a.e; 50/27)

    The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 267 Set mode of IAE block. I>U< I.A.E LN 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 268 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 269 ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. Table. 5.4.26 - 219. Event messages. Event block name Event names IAE1 Start ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 270: Pole Slip Protection (78)

    (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 271 Set mode of OOS block. Pole slip [78] LN 3: Test 0: On This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 272 How many slips need to be detected for the function to 1...5 slips 1 slips trip slips trip. Reset slip detection after 0.000...1800.000 0.005 Maximum time between slips before the function resets 1.000 s last detected slip the slip counter to zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 273 0: Normal 1: Start Pole slip condition Displays status of the protection function. 2: Trip 3: Blocked 0: Ok 1: Incorrect VT Configuration status Displays the status of settings currently in use. 2: Incorrect char. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 274: Transformer Thermal Overload Protection (Tt>; 49T)

    Duration of reactance being between the blinders. Setting group 1...8 active 5.4.28 Transformer thermal overload protection (TT>; 49T) The transformer thermal overload protection function is used for monitoring and protecting thermal capacity in power transformers. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 275 100 % indefinitely but never exceeds it. With a single time constant model the cooling of the object follows this same behavior, the reverse of the heating when the current feeding is zero. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 276 The ambient temperature compensation takes into account the set minimum and maximum temperatures and the load capacity of the protected object as well as the measured or set ambient temperature. The calculated coefficient is a linear correction factor, as the following formula shows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 277 Function inputs and outputs The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 278 TRMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current 5 ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current 5 ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current 5 ms Temperature measurement for the ambient correction 5 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 279 Linear 1: Set curve user-settable curve. The default setting is "0: Linear est." which means curve est. the internally calculated correction for ambient temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 280 Alarm 1 0.0…150.0% 0.1% ALARM 1 activation threshold. level Enable 0: Disabled TT> Disabled Enabling/disabling the ALARM 2 signal and the I/O. 1: Enabled Alarm 2 TT> Alarm 2 0.0…150.0% 0.1% ALARM 2 activation threshold. level © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 281 1: On 2: Blocked Set mode of TOLT block. TT> LN 3: Test behaviour 4: Test/ This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 282 - TT> T est. with act. curr.: estimation of the used thermal capacity including the current at a given moment - TT> T at a given moment: the thermal capacity used at that moment © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 283 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for TRIP, BLOCKED, etc. signals. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 284: Generator/Transformer Differential Protection (Idb>/Idi>/I0Dhv>/I0Dlv>; 87T/87N/ 87G)

    This function can also be used for protecting generators. Figure. 5.4.29 - 144. Differential protection function can be used for protecting transformers, generators and both at the same time. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 285 Fuses could be considered for applications, device as the cost of fixing failures is probably higher than the limiting the short-circuit current. motors, small cost of monitoring. generators. If the transformer is oil-insulated, oil level monitoring should be applied. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 286 (such as in the bus or in the cables connected to the transformer). Faults of this type are easily repaired and the transformer can be re- energized soon after the fault has bee cleared. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 287 • the ratios and properties of the transformers HV and LV sides. This chapter shows the setting and the principle of transformer differential protection step by step. Figure. 5.4.29 - 145. Transformer and its components forming the differential zone. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 288 Let us further say the HV side current transformers are 150/5 A and the LV side current transformers are 1200/5 A. The primary side factor (p.u.) and current are then calculated as follows: Then, the secondary side factor (p.u.) and current are calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 289 LV side is leading 30 degrees; '5' and '7' are just the other ends of the windings thus causing a 180-degree difference between the '1' and '11' clock numbers. The following example explains transformer current vectors and what a connection might look like. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 290 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.29 - 148. Yd1 transformer's internal connection (in theory). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 291 Y-connected vector diagram. The images below present the differential algorithm itself (one calculating formula for each phase difference); first the "subtract" formulas, then the "add" formulas. Selection is based on the CT connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 292 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.29 - 150. "Subtract" formula. Figure. 5.4.29 - 151. "Add" formula. Figure. 5.4.29 - 152. CTs' starpoints requiring the "Add" mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 293 Next, these two formulas are combined in a graph: the x-axis presents the measured differential current, and the y-axis presents the calculated bias current. The following graph shows the differential function characteristic, both biased and non-biased. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 294 ). It is the basic sensitivity limit: when the measured differential current is below this limit, the d>pick-up transformer still operates normally and the protection does not trigger. In other words, the pick-up current setting must be higher than the combination of all the normal operation factors that cause differential currents. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 295 3) Relay measurement accuracy (primary and secondary) (RE The relay measurement error is below 0.5 %, its optional accuracy below 0.2 % per measurement channel: the combined value for both sides is either 1 % or 0.4 %. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 296 This causes a difference in the nominal current condition, which can be noticed as a differential current in the relay. Usually tap changer positions are presented as deviation steps for the secondary voltage to both positive and negative direction from the center (see the second image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 297 If there is no tap changer, the maximum uncertainty can be calculated sufficiently enough by summing the maximum inaccuracies of the CTs on the HV and LV sides. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 298 Slope 1 is calculated by using the transformer and CT nominal values in the maximum full load (Turnpoint 2) of the transformer with highest possible differential current causing tap position. Generally the Slope 1 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 299 CTs differently (starpoint towards or away from the transformer). Thus, the differential current is always calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 300 Therefore, the differential current is the following: If the Maximum mode is used for biasing (due to a single end fault), the bias current is the same as the differential current. Therefore, the Slope 2 setting is calculated as follows: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 301 CTs, the connection between the CTs, as well as the cross-section and material of the wires. Let us begin with the burden the wiring causes to the relay, and calculate the resistance in a conductor: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 302 It is recommended that you use the worst-case scenario as the basis for calculating the CT burden. In most cases these +75 ºC values are sufficient. If the ambient temperature in your application is higher than +75 ºC, the resistance should be calculated for that specific temperature. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 303 If the CTs have the possibility to saturate (that is, the calculated through fault current is bigger than the ALF on either CT side), the setting of the instant stage must be set high enough so that it does not operate on through fault saturation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 304 (using these same formulas) in the Transformer status monitoring (TRF) module. When everything is set up correctly in the relay and when the transformer is feeding the load with nominal power, the result should look like the following example configuration when the example settings and transformer are used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 305 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.4.29 - 159. Example configuration for the transformer differential function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 306 Our example presented only one type of transformer and its properties. Another very common variation is the type of transformer where the star side (HV, LV, or both) is earthed and thus forms a route outside the differential zone (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 307 (in p.u.) before differential calculation and thus negates the effect of an external earth fault. Correctly selected transformer settings prevent the differential function from being tripped by out-of-zone earth faults (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 308 However, enabling the REF protection requires that both the phase current measurements and the starpoint current are available and can be connected to the relay's residual current channel on the corresponding (HV/LV) side measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 309 (external) earth faults, and the how a heavy fault going fully through the second biased section (Slope 2) can cause saturation in the CTs' phase currents. The recommended base settings: • Pick-up (base sensitivity): typically 5 % to 10 % of the phase current CT error (Px) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 310 The differential relay sees the energization current as a differential current since it only flows through the primary side winding only. The saturation of the transformer core generates the 2 harmonic component which can be used to block the biased sensitive differential stage during energization. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 311 (in amperes), the fourth graph depicts the fundamental (50 Hz) FFT- calculated currents (in amperes), and fifth graph depicts the 2 harmonic components relative to the corresponding fundamental component currents (with the 15 % setting limit). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 312 While the results are very low compared to the magnetizing inrush current magnitudes, the differential relay would still definitely trip without the 2 harmonic blocking. The situation is the same with all of the calculted setting variations. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 313 Figure. 5.4.29 - 165. Inrush blocking by using the 2 harmonic (relative to fundamental frequency). Figure. 5.4.29 - 166. Example of transformer magnetizing inrush currents. A conservative setting recommendation for standard type transformers: • enabling the 2 harmonic blocking © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 314 Figure. 5.4.29 - 167. Transformer behavior in case of overvoltage caused by overexcitation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 315 The figures below present the system voltage and the magnitude of the 5 harmonic component (both in per-unit), absolute and scaled to the transformer nominal. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 316 (that is, no overvoltage relays are available), this blocking can be enabled with the setting of 30...40 % with the disturbance recorder enabled. If a trip occurs as a result of overexcitation, the settings can be adjusted based on the data captured by the disturbance recorder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 317 HV and the LV side. HV side The HV side nominal voltage of the transformer. This nominal 0.1…500.0kV 0.1kV 110.0kV value is used to calculate the nominal currents of the voltage HV side. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 318 LV side current grounded monitoring grounded grounded calculation. The selection is visible only if the option 1: Grounded - transformer "Manual set" is selected for the vector group setting. differential © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 319 Idb> Pick- 0.01…100.00% 0.01% 10.00% The base sensitivity for the differential characteristics. Turnpoint 0.01…50.00×I 0.01×I 1.00×I Turnpoint 1 for the differential characteristics. Slope 1 0.01…250.00% 0.01% 10.00% Slope 1 for the differential characteristics. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 320 LV side" setting is enabled. Slope 2 of the LV side restricted earth fault differential LV I0d> 0.01…250.00% 0.01% 200.00% characteristics. This setting is only visible if the "Enable I0d> (REF) Slope 2 LV side" setting is enabled. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 321 The data register is available, based on the changes in the tripping events. Table. 5.4.29 - 241. Event messages. Event block name Event names DIF1 Idb> Trip ON DIF1 Idb> Trip OFF DIF1 Idb> Blocked (ext) ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 322 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. Table. 5.4.29 - 242. Register content. Name Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 323: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)

    (2) separate alarms from one selected input. The user can set alarms and measurements to be either in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. The following figure shows the principal structure of the resistance temperature detection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 324 When using a thermocouple module, the thermo element type also needs to be set for each of the measurement channels. Once these settings are done the RTDs are ready for other functions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 325 There are sixteen (16) available sensor inputs in the function. An active alarm requires a valid channel measurement. It can be invalid if communication is not working or if a sensor is broken. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 326 Enables/disables the selection of Alarm 2 for the 0: Disable 1: Enable measurement channel x. 0: > Selects whether the measurement is above or S1...S16 Alarm2 >/< 0: > 1: < below the setting value. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 327 S4 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S5 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S5 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S5 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S5 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S6 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S6 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S6 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S6 Alarm2 OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 328 S14 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S14 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S14 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S15 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S15 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S15 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S15 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S16 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S16 Alarm1 OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 329 S12 Meas Invalid RTD2 S13 Meas Ok RTD2 S13 Meas Invalid RTD2 S14 Meas Ok RTD2 S14 Meas Invalid RTD2 S15 Meas Ok RTD2 S15 Meas Invalid RTD2 S16 Meas Ok RTD2 S16 Meas Invalid © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 330: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc)

    The arc protection card has four (4) sensor channels, and up to three (3) arc point sensors can be connected to each channel. The sensor channels support Arcteq AQ-01 (light sensing) and AQ-02 (pressure and light sensing) units. Optionally, the protection function can also be applied with a phase current or a residual current condition: the function trips only if the light and overcurrent conditions are met.
  • Page 331 26 output signals. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also a resettable cumulative counter for the TRIP and BLOCKED events for each zone. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 332 AQ-100 series units. The parameter I/I0 Arc> Self supervision test pulse should be activated when connecting the AQ-100 series units to the AQ-200 series arc protection card to prevent the pulses from activating ArcBI1. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 333 If either phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent is needed for the tripping decision, they can be enabled in the same way as light sensors in the zone. When a current channel is enabled, the measured current needs to be above the set current limit in addition to light sensing. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 334 Table. 5.4.31 - 248. Enabled Zone pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default Phase 0.05...40.00 0.01 current The phase current measurement's pick-up value (in p.u.). 1.2 x I pick-up © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 335 HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. Table. 5.4.31 - 249. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Description © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 336 START, TRIP, and BLOCKED. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 337 ARC1 Channel 2 Pressure ON ARC1 Channel 2 Pressure OFF ARC1 Channel 3 Light ON ARC1 Channel 3 Light OFF ARC1 Channel 3 Pressure ON ARC1 Channel 3 Pressure OFF ARC1 Channel 4 Light ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 338: Voltage Memory

    The user can activate voltage memory (and find all related settings) by following this path in relay settings: Measurement → Transformers → VT Module (3U/4U) 1 → Voltage memory ("Activated"/"Disabled"). The activation of voltage memory depends of following criteria: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 339 Healthy state angles (before a fault) are used during a fault. This is why a drift between the assumed voltage angle and the actual measured phase current angle takes place. While voltage memory is used, the angle of phase currents drifts approximately one degree for each passing second (see the graph below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 340 . When the mode 2LL+U0 is used, the memory is based on calculated phase-to-neutral voltages. Pick-up VMEM activ VMEM activa a tion v tion volta oltage ge and Mea Measur sured curr ed current condition 3I> ent condition 3I> © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 341 ON, OFF, or both. Table. 5.4.32 - 253. Event messages. Event block name Event names M1VT1 Voltage memory enabled M1VT1 Voltage memory disabled M1VT1 Voltage low detected ON M1VT1 Voltage low detected OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 342: Control Functions

    Live Edit mode is active. Table. 5.5.1 - 255. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal Common signals condition 1: Start Displays status of the function. 2: Trip © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 343: Setting Group Selection

    The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the setting group selection function. Figure. 5.5.2 - 178. Simplified function block diagram of the setting group selection function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 344 Disabled from a local HMI. This parameter overrides the local control of the setting Enabled groups and it remains on until the user disables it. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 345 0: Not control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal control is applied, group active all other SG requests will be processed regardless of the signal status of this setting Active group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 346 The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active. If the coil is disconnected, Setting group 2 is active. This way, if the wire is broken for some reason, the setting group is always controlled to SG2. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 347 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 5.5.2 - 181. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 348 The application-controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay's internal logics. For example, the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick-up function (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 349 The function does not have a register. Table. 5.5.2 - 259. Event messages. Event block name Event names SG2 Enabled SG2 Disabled SG3 Enabled SG3 Disabled SG4 Enabled SG4 Disabled SG5 Enabled SG5 Disabled © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 350 Force Request Fail Force ON Force Request Fail Force OFF SG Req. Fail Lower priority Request ON SG Req. Fail Lower priority Request OFF SG1 Active ON SG1 Active OFF SG2 Active ON SG2 Active OFF © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 351: Object Control And Monitoring

    • digital input status indications (the OPEN and CLOSE status signals) • blockings (if applicable) • the OBJECT READY and SYNCHROCHECK monitor signals (if applicable). • Withdrawable cart IN and OUT status signals (if applicable). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 352 Circuit 2: Disconnector withdrawable cart is in/out status is monitored. See the next table ("Object breaker (MC) types") for a more detailed look at which functionalities each of the object types 3: Disconnector have. (GND) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 353 Functionalities Description Breaker cart position Circuit breaker position Circuit breaker control Withdrawable circuit Object ready check before closing The monitor and control configuration of the withdrawable breaker breaker circuit breaker. Synchrochecking before closing breaker Interlocks © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 354 Determines the maximum length for a Close pulse from the output relay to the 0.02…500.00 0.02 command 0.2 s controlled object. If the object operates faster than this set time, the control pulse pulse is reset and a status change is detected. length © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 355 Blocking and interlocking can be based on any of the following: other object statuses, a software function or a digital input. The image below presents an example of an interlock application, where the closed earthing switch interlocks the circuit breaker close command. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 356 The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 357 Contact Abrasion Alarm On OBJ1...OBJ10 Contact Abrasion Alarm Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Switch Operating Time Exceeded On OBJ1...OBJ10 Switch Operating Time Exceeded Off OBJ1...OBJ10 XCBR Loc On OBJ1...OBJ10 XCBR Loc Off OBJ1...OBJ10 XSWI Loc On OBJ1...OBJ10 XSWI LOC Off © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 358: Indicator Object Monitoring

    Object status 1: Open neither of the status conditions (open or close) are active. Bad status is displayed ("Ind.X Object 2: Closed when both of the status conditions (open and close) are active. Status") 3: Bad © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 359 CIN1 Close CIN1 CIN2 Intermediate CIN2 Open CIN2 Close CIN2 CIN3 Intermediate CIN3 Open CIN3 Close CIN3 CIN4 Intermediate CIN4 Open CIN4 Close CIN4 CIN5 Intermediate CIN5 Open CIN5 Close CIN5 CIN6 Intermediate CIN6 Open © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 360: Milliampere Output Control

    (1) mA input channel. If the device has an mA option card, enable mA outputs at Control → Device IO → mA outputs . The outputs are activated in groups of two: channels 1 and 2 are activated together, as are channels 3 and 4. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 361 The mA output value when the measured value is equal output 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA 0mA to or greater than Input value 2. value 2 Figure. 5.5.5 - 186. Example of the effects of mA output channel settings. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 362: Programmable Control Switch

    These settings can be accessed at Control → Device I/O → Programmable control switch . Table. 5.5.6 - 274. Settings. Name Range Default Description The user-settable name of the selected switch. The name can be up to Switch name Switchx 32 characters long. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 363: Analog Input Scaling Curves

    Range Step Default Description Analog input 0: Disabled Enables and disables the input. scaling 1: Activated Disabled 0: Disabled Enables and disables the scaling curve and the input Scaling curve 1...4 1: Activated Disabled measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 364 If for some reason the input signal is lost, the value is fixed to the last actual measured cycle value. The value does not go down to the minimum if it has been something else at the time of the signal breaking. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 365: Logical Outputs

    64 logical outputs are available. The figure below presents a logic output example where a signal from the circuit breaker failure protection function controls the digital output relay number 5 ("OUT5") when the circuit breaker's cart status is "In". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 366: Logical Inputs

    "Pulse" mode is controlled to "1", the input will switch to status "1" and return back to "0" after 5 ms. The figure below presents the operation of a logical input in Hold mode and in Pulse mode. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 367: Monitoring Functions

    CTs as well as the wirings between the device and the CT inputs for malfunctions and wire breaks. An open CT circuit can generate dangerously high voltages into the CT secondary side, and cause unintended activations of current balance monitoring functions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 368 • The calculated difference (IL1+IL2+IL3+I0) exceeds the I difference setting (optional). • The above-mentioned condition is met until the set time delay for alarm. The inputs of the function are the following: • setting parameters • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 369 The function block uses analog current measurement values, the RMS magnitude of the current measurement inputs, and the calculated positive and negative sequence currents. The user can select what is used for the residual current measurement: nothing, the I01 RMS measurement, or the I02 RMS measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 370 0: Add Defines the polarity of residual current channel connection. Subtract 0: - Compensate natural When activated while the line is energized, the currently present calculated 0: - unbalance residual current is compensated to 0. Comp © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 371 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 372 "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset". Typical cases of current transformer supervision The following nine examples present some typical cases of the current transformer supervision and their setting effects. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 373 Figure. 5.6.1 - 193. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. When a fault is detected and all conditions are met, the CTS timer starts counting. If the situation continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 374 If any of the phases exceed the I high limit setting, the operation of the function is not activated. This behavior is applied to short-circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the I high limit setting. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 375 Figure. 5.6.1 - 197. Normal situation, residual current also measured. When the residual condition is added with the "I0 input selection", the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the wiring condition. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 376 Figure. 5.6.1 - 199. Broken primary phase current wiring. In this example, all other condition are met except the residual difference. That is now 0 × I , which indicates a primary side fault. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 377 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately. The register of the function records the ON event process data for ACTIVATED, BLOCKED, etc. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 378: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, ALARM BUS, ALARM LINE and BLOCKED events. Figure. 5.6.2 - 201. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the voltage transformer supervision function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 379 RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U Positive sequence voltage Negative sequence voltage Zero sequence voltage Angle of U voltage Angle of U voltage Angle of U voltage Angle of U voltage Angle of U voltage © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 380 The voltage transformer supervision can also report several different states of the measured voltage. These can be seen in the function's INFO menu. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 381 The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time-stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 382 Event 1: Voltage OK 2: Bus live, VTS Setting group 0.00...360.00deg alarm hh:mm:ss.mss name 2: Low OK, Seq. reversed 1...8 active voltage 3: Bus live, VTS 0...1800s OK, Seq. undefined 4: Bus live, VTS fault © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 383: Circuit Breaker Wear

    "Open" operations as well as the ALARM 1 and ALARM 2 events. The function can also monitor the operations left for each phase. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the circuit breaker wear function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 384 The circuit breaker characteristics are set by two operating points, defined by the nominal breaking current, the maximum allowed breaking current and their respective operation settings. This data is provided by the circuit breaker's manufacturer. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 385 Let us examine the settings, using a low-duty vacuum circuit breaker as an example. The image below presents the technical specifications provided by the manufacturer, with the data relevant to our settings highlighted in red: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 386 With these settings, Alarm 1 is issued when the cumulative interruption counter for any of the three phases dips below the set 1000 remaining operations ("Alarm 1 Set"). Similarly, when any of the counters dips below 100 remaining operations, Alarm 2 is issued. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 387 CBWEAR1 Alarm 2 OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 388: Current Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • block signal chec • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs of the function are the following: © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 389 The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter (common for all measurement channels). General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 390 The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 391 Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s delay I01's measured THD. I02 THD alarm Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s delay I02's measured THD. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 392: Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    The function's monitoring of the voltage can be used to alarm of the harmonic content rising too high; this can occur when there is an electric quality requirement in the protected unit, or when the harmonics generated by the process need to be monitored. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 393 The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, ALARM and BLOCKED events. The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the total harmonic distortion monitor function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 394 This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is 4: Test/ enabled in General menu. Blocked 5: Off Measurement Amplitude Defines which available measured magnitude the function uses. magnitude Amplitude 2: Power © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 395 The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time-stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 396: Disturbance Recorder (Dr)

    The maximum sample rate of the recorder's analog channels is 64 samples per cycle. The recorder also supports 95 digital channels simultaneously with the twenty (20) measured analog channels. Maximum capacity of recordings is 100. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 397 Voltage measurement module voltage supply supervision (VT card 2) Phase current I (CT card 3) IL1''' IL2''' Phase current I (CT card 3) Phase current I (CT card 3) IL3''' Residual current I coarse* (CT card 3) I01'''c © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 398 Pha.Lx pow. THD Phase Lx power THD (L1, L2, L3) calc.I0 Calculated I0 Res.I0x ampl. THD Residual I0x amplitude THD (I01, I02) calc.I0 Pha.angle Calculated I0 phase angle Res.I0x pow. THD Residual I0x power THD (I01, I02) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 399 Current Pri. (IL1, IL2, IL3) Current Sec. (I01, I02) ILx Reactive Primary reactive current ILx I0x Residual Reactive Secondary residual reactive current I0x Current Pri. (IL1, IL2, IL3) Current Sec. (I01, I02) Power, GYB, frequency © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 400 Internal Relay Fault active front panel are pressed. is active. buttons Status (Protection, control and (see the individual function description for PushButton x Status of Push Button 1...12 is ON monitoring event signals) the specific outputs) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 401 Manual 0: - Triggers disturbance recording manually. This parameter will return 0: - trigger 1: Trig back to "-" automatically. Clear all 0: - 0: - Clears all disturbance recordings. records 1: Clear © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 402 Sets the recording length before the trigger. time 0…8 freely Selects the analog channel for recording. Please see the list of all Analog recording selectable available analog channels in the section titled "Analog and digital CH1...CH20 channels recording channels". © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 403 For example, let us say the nominal frequency is 50 Hz, the selected sample rate is 64 s/c, nine (9) analog channels and two (2) digital channels record. The calculation is as follows: Therefore, the maximum recording length in our example is approximately 496 seconds. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 404 The recorder is configured by using the setting tool software or relay HMI, and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software (is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate). Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website (arcteq.fi./downloads/).
  • Page 405 → DR path . The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer software instructions can be found in AQtivate 200 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Events The disturbance recorder function (abbreviated "DR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes of the function: the recorder generates an event each time it is triggered (manually or by dedicated signals).

  • Page 406: Measurement Recorder

    The setting tool estimates the maximum recording time, which depends on the recording interval. When the measurement recorder is running, the measurements can be viewed in graph form with the AQtivate PRO software (see the image below). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 407 U4Volt Pri L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh Sec.Pha.Curr.IL3 U1Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh Sec.Res.Curr.I01 U2Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh Sec.Res.Curr.I02 U3Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh Sec.Calc.I0 U4Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh Pha.Curr.IL1 TRMS Sec Pos.Seq.Volt.Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 408 Pha.angle IL1 System Volt UL31 mag (kV) Other mea Other measur surements ements Pha.angle IL2 System Volt UL1 mag TM> Trip expect mode Pha.angle IL3 System Volt UL1 mag (kV) TM> Time to 100% T © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 409 L2 Tan(phi) L1 Diff current Pha.Curr.I”L2 L2 Cos(phi) L1 Char current Pha.Curr.I”L3 L3 Apparent Power (S) L2 Bias current Res.Curr.I”01 L3 Active Power (P) L2 Diff current Res.Curr.I”02 L3 Reactive Power (Q) L2 Char current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 410: Measurement Value Recorder

    • Idir> (directional overcurrent) • I0> (non-directional earth fault) • I0dir> (directional earth fault) • f<(underfrequency) • f> (overfrequency) • U< (undervoltage) • U> (overvoltage) • U1/U2 >/< (sequence voltage) • U0> (residual voltage) • P> (over power) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 411 The three-phase apparent, active and reactive powers. SL1, SL2, SL3, PL1, PL2, PL3, The phase apparent, active and reactive powers. QL1, QL2, QL3 tanfi3PH, tanfiL1, tanfiL2, tanfiL3 The tan (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 412 Reported values When triggered, the function holds the recorded values of up to eight channels, as set. In addition to this tripped stage, the overcurrent fault type and the voltage fault types are reported to SCADA. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 413 45: U0> Trip 46: U0>> Trip 47: U0>>> Trip 48: U0>>>> Trip 0: - 1: A-G 2: B-G 3: A-B Overcurrent fault type The overcurrent fault type. 4: C-G 5: A-C 6: B-C 7: A-B-C © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 414: Running Hour Counter

    This value can be edited by the user. The user input must be set in seconds, which is then converted by the device to hours, minutes and seconds (hh:mm:ss). Start 0...4294967295 Start counter. count Starts Start Clear 0: - Clears "Running hours" and "Start count". hours 1: Clear © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 415: Programmable Stage (Pgx>/<; 99)

    1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 416 Signals 1 OR 2 AND 3 need to fulfill the pick-up condition. Each Mag2) AND signal has their own pick-up setting. Mag3 0: Currents 1: Voltages 2: Powers PSx Magnitude selection Defines the measurement type used by the stage 3: Impedances and admittances 4: Others © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 417 Angle of negative sequence current (degrees) I01ResP I01 primary current of a current-resistive component I01CapP I01 primary current of a current-capacitive component I01ResS I01 secondary current of a current-resistive component I01CapS I01 secondary current of a current-capacitive component © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 418 Phase active power L1 / L2 / L3 P (kW) Phase reactive power L1 / L2 / L3 Q (kVar) tanfiLx Phase active power direction L1 / L2 / L3 cosfiLx Phase reactive power direction L1 / L2 / L3 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 419 Description G0Pri Conductance G0 primary (mS) B0Pri Susceptance B0 primary (mS) G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary (mS) B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary (mS) Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary (mS) Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary (mS) Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 420 4: Test/Blocked enabled in General menu. 5: Off 0: Normal 1: Start Condition Displays status of the function. 2: Trip 3: Blocked Expected operating time -1800.000...1800.000s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 421 Table. 5.7 - 338. Comparator modes Mode Description G G r r ea eat t er than er than. If the measured signal is greater than the set pick-up level, the comparison 0: Over > condition is fulfilled. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 422 START, TRIP, and BLOCKED. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 423 PS5 >/< Block ON PGS1 PS5 >/< Block OFF PGS1 reserved PGS1 reserved PGS1 PS6 >/< Start ON PGS1 PS6 >/< Start OFF PGS1 PS6 >/< Trip ON PGS1 PS6 >/< Trip OFF PGS1 PS6 >/< Block ON © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 424 Date and time Event >/< Mag# Mag#/Set# Used SG remaining dd.mm.yyyy Event The numerical value of Ratio between the measured Setting group 0 ms...1800s hh:mm:ss.mss name the magnitude magnitude and the pick-up setting 1...8 active © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 425: Sy Y St Stem Int 6 S Em Integra Egration Tion

    In these cases without GPS synchronized clock source, the accuracy between the devices is still high. Settings Select PTP as the time synchronization source from Communication → Synchronization → General menu. The following settings are available in Communication → Synchronization → PTP menu. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 426: Modbus/Tcp And Modbus/Rtu

    1. Some masters might begin numbering holding register from 0 instead of 1; this will cause an offset of 1 between the relay and the master. Modbus map can be edited with Modbus Configurator ( Tools → Communication → Modbus Configurator ). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 427: Modbus I/O

    "0", the selected module is not in use. Module x 0: ADAM-4018+ Selects the module type. type 1: ADAM-4015 Channel Channels in 0…Channel 7 (or Selects the number of channels to be used by the module. None) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 428: Iec 61850

    AQ-25x frame units support both Edition 1 and 2 of IEC61850. The following services are supported by IEC 61850 in Arcteq devices: • Up to six data sets (predefined data sets can be edited with the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate) •...
  • Page 429 0: All Determines which ports can use GOOSE communication. 2: Double ethernet card For more information on the IEC 61850 communication protocol support, please refer to the conformance statement documents (www.arcteq.fi/downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 430: Goose

    Version: 2.07 6.1.6 GOOSE Arcteq relays support both GOOSE publisher and GOOSE subscriber. GOOSE subscriber is enabled with the "GOOSE subscriber enable" parameter at Communication → Protocols → IEC 61850/ GOOSE. The GOOSE inputs are configured using either the local HMI or the AQtivate software.
  • Page 431 The configuration of the GOOSE publisher is done using the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate ( Tools → Communication → IEC 61850 ). Refer to AQtivate-200 Instruction manual for more information on how to set up GOOSE publisher. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 432: Iec 103

    (slave) station. The IEC 103 protocol can be selected for the serial ports that are available in the device. A primary (master) station can then communicate with the Arcteq device and receive information by polling from the slave device. The transfer of disturbance recordings is not supported.
  • Page 433 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this Power factor deadband 0.01…0.99 0.01 0.05 measurement. Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this Frequency deadband 0.01…1.00Hz 0.01Hz 0.1Hz measurement. Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this Current deadband 0.01…50.00A 0.01A measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 434: Iec 101/104

    Enabled 0…65 IP port 2404 Defines the IP port used by the protocol. Common 0…65 Defines the common address of the application service data unit (ASDU) for address of ASDU the IEC 104 communication protocol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 435 0.1…1000.0kVA 0.1kVA 2kVA power deadband measurement. Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this Power factor deadband 0.01…0.99 0.01 0.05 measurement. Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this Frequency deadband 0.01…1.00Hz 0.01Hz 0.1Hz measurement. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 436: Spa

    25…28: I0>, I0>>, I0>>>, The user can choose between non-directional overcurrent, in use source I0>>>> (I0) directional overcurrent, non-directional earth fault, directional 29…32: earth fault, and fault locator functions. I0d>, I0d>>, I0d>>>, I0d>>>> (I0) 33: FLX © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 437: Real-Time Measurements To Communication

    U1 Pos.seq V Ang, U2 Neg.seq V Ang Positive and negative sequence angles. Powers S3PH P3PH Three-phase apparent, active and reactive power. Q3PH SL1, SL2, SL3, PL1, PL2, PL3, Phase apparent, active and reactive powers. QL1, QL2, QL3 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 438 0: No values to primary 1: Yes primary. 0: Currents 1: Voltages Slot X magnitude 2: Powers Selects the measured magnitude catecory of the selection 3: Impedance (ZRX) and Currents chosen slot. admittance (YGB) 4: Others © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 439: Modbus Gateway

    Any AQ-250 device can be setup as a Modbus Gateway (i.e. master). Modbus Gateway device can import messages (measurements, status signals etc.) from external Arcteq and third-party devices. RS-485 serial communication port. Up to 32 sub units can be connected to an AQ-200 master unit.
  • Page 440 The Modbus Gateway generates events the status changes in imported bits and double bits. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. Table. 6.4 - 367. Event messages Event block name Event names MGWB1 Bit 1...Bit 32 (ON, OFF) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 441 Bit 33...Bit 64 (ON, OFF) MGWB3 Bit 65...Bit 96 (ON, OFF) MGWB4 Bit 97...Bit 128 (ON, OFF) MGWD1 Double Bit 1... Double bit 16 (ON/ON, OFF/OFF, ON/OFF, OFF/ON) MGWD2 Double Bit 17... Double bit 32 (ON/ON, OFF/OFF, ON/OFF, OFF/ON) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 442: Connections And Applica A Tion Examples

    A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 7 Connections and application examples 7.1 Connections of AQ-M257 Figure. 7.1 - 213. AQ-M257 variant without add-on modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 443 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 7.1 - 214. AQ-M257 variant with digital input and output modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 444: Application Example And Its Connections

    -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 7.1 - 215. AQ-M257 application example with function block diagram. 7.2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the motor protection IED. The example is of motor differential protection.

  • Page 445: Trip Circuit Supervision (95)

    (52b) even after the circuit breaker is opened. This requires a resistor which reduces the current: this way the coil is not energized and the relay output does not need to cut off the coil's inductive current. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 446 Non-latched outputs are seen as hollow circles in the output matrix, whereas latched contacts are painted. See the image below of an output matrix where a non-latched trip contact is used to open the circuit breaker. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 447 There is one main difference between non-latched and latched control in trip circuit supervision: when using the latched control, the trip circuit (in an open state) cannot be monitored as the digital input is shorted by the IED's trip output. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 448 Logical output can be used in the output matrix or in SCADA as the user wants. The image below presents a block scheme when a non-latched trip output is not used. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 449 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 7.3 - 221. Example block scheme. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 450: Construction And Installa

    The images below present the modules of both the non-optioned model (AQ- X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA) and the fully optioned model (AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-BBBCCCCC BBBCCCCCJ J ). Figure. 8.1 - 222. Modular construction of AQ-X257-XXXXXXX-AAAAAAAAA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 451 In field upgrades, therefore, the add-on module must be ordered from Arcteq Relays Ltd. or its representative who can then provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once the hardware configuration has been upgraded.
  • Page 452 P215-PH0AAAA-BBC) matches with the existing modules in the device. If the code and the modules do not match, the device issues and alarm. An alarm is also issued if the device expects to find a module here but does not find one. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 453: Cpu Module

    Slots I…M in groups of five. Slot N has a double (LC) fiber Ethernet communication option card installed. These same principles apply to all non-standard configurations in the AQ-X257 IED family. 8.2 CPU module Figure. 8.2 - 225. CPU module. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 454 Selects whether the status of the digital input is 1 or 0 when the input DIx Polarity 0: NO 1: NC (Normally is energized. closed) DIx Activation 0.000…1800.000 0.001 0.000 s Defines the delay for the status change from 0 to 1. delay © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 455: Current Measurement Module

    The mechanical delay of the relay is no not t included in these approximations! 8.3 Current measurement module Figure. 8.3 - 226. Module connections with standard and ring lug terminals. Connector Description CTM 1-2 Phase current measurement for phase L1 (A). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 456: Voltage Measurement Module

    For further details please refer to the "Current measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of this document. 8.4 Voltage measurement module Figure. 8.4 - 227. Voltage measurement module. Connector Description VTM 1-2 Configurable voltage measurement input U1. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 457: Digital Input Module (Optional)

    Figure. 8.5 - 228. Digital input module (DI8) with eight add-on digital inputs. Description (x = the number of digital inputs in other modules that preceed this one in the Connector configuration) DIx + 1 DIx + 2 DIx + 3 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 458 Selects whether or not a 30-ms deactivation delay is added to take the DIx AC 0: Disabled alternating current into account. The "DIx Release threshold" parameter is Mode 1: Enabled Disabled hidden and forced to 10 % of the set "DIx Activation threshold" parameter. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 459 Control → Device IO → Digital inputs → Digital input voltages . Table. 8.5 - 372. Digital input channel voltage measurement. Name Range Step Description DIx Voltage now 0.000...275.000 V 0.001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 460: Digital Output Module (Optional)

    Table. 8.6 - 373. Digital output user description. Name Range Default Description User editable 1...31 Description of the digital output. This description is used in several menu OUTx description OUTx characters types for easier identification. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 461: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module (Optional)

    The rated voltage of the binary input is 24 VDC. The threshold picks up at ≥16 VDC. The binary input can be used for external light information or for similar applications. It can also be used as a part of various ARC schemes. Please note that the binary input's delay is 5…10ms. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 462: Rtd Input Module (Optional)

    The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors. The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups, four channels each. The card supports Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 463: Serial Rs-232 Communication Module (Optional)

    Description • Serial-based communications • Wavelength 660 nm Serial fiber (GG/ • Compatible with 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 100/140 μm, and COM E PP/GP/PG) 200 μm Plastic-Clad Silica (PCS) fiber • Compatible with ST connectors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 464: Lc Or Rj45 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    The option card includes two serial communication interfaces: COM E is a serial fiber interface with glass/plastic option, COM F is an RS-232 interface. 8.10 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 8.10 - 235. LC and RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet module connectors. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 465: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    Two-pin connector • Duplex ST connectors • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode fiber • Transmitter wavelength: 1260…1360 nm (nominal: 1310 nm) ST connectors • Receiver wavelength: 1100…1600 nm • 100BASE-FX • Up to 2 km © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 466 The images below present two example configurations: the first displays a ring configuration (note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring), while the second displays a multidrop configuration. Figure. 8.11 - 237. Example of a ring configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 467: Double Rj45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    Figure. 8.11 - 238. Example of a multidrop configuration. 8.12 Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 8.12 - 239. Double RJ-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module. Connector Description • IRIG-B input Two-pin connector © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 468: Milliampere (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)

    For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module". Figure. 8.12 - 240. Example of a multidrop configuration. 8.13 Milliampere (mA) I/O module (optional) Figure. 8.13 - 241. Milliampere (mA) I/O module connections. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 469: Dimensions And Installation

    (½) of the rack's width, meaning that a total of two devices can be installed to the same rack next to one another. The figures below describe the device dimensions (first figure), the device installation (second), and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing (third). Figure. 8.14 - 242. Device dimensions. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 470 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 8.14 - 243. Device installation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 471 A A Q Q -M257 -M257 Instruction manual Version: 2.07 Figure. 8.14 - 244. Panel cut-out and spacing of the IED. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 472: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta

    From 6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31 harmonic current Current measurement range 5 mA…150 A (RMS) 0.002…10.000 × I < ±0.5 % or < ±3 mA Current measurement inaccuracy 10…150 × I < ±0.5 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 473: Voltage Measurement

    4 independent VT inputs (U1, U2, U3 and U4) Measurement Sample rate 64 samples per cycle in frequency range 6...75Hz Voltage measuring range 0.50…480.00 V (RMS) 1…2 V ±1.5 % Voltage measurement inaccuracy 2…10 V ±0.5 % 10…480 V ±0.35 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 474: Power And Energy Measurement

    Inaccuracy 10 mHz 9.1.2 CPU & Power supply 9.1.2.1 Auxiliary voltage Table. 9.1.2.1 - 379. Power supply model A Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 85…265 V (AC/DC) < 20 W Power consumption < 40 W © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 475: Cpu Communication Ports

    Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used for system protocols, only for local programming Table. 9.1.2.2 - 382. Rear panel system communication port A. Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ-45 Number of ports Features © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 476: Cpu Digital Inputs

    Settings Pick-up delay Software settable: 0…1800 s Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off Current drain 2 mA Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08 Solid or stranded wire 2.5 mm Maximum wire diameter © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 477: Cpu Digital Outputs

    Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm 9.1.3 Option cards 9.1.3.1 Digital input module Table. 9.1.3.1 - 387. Technical data for the digital input module. Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 5…265 V (AC/DC) Current drain 2 mA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 478: Digital Output Module

    8, 25 or 50 kLx (the sensor is selectable in the order code) Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Typically <5 ms with dedicated semiconductor outputs (HSO) Start and instant operating time (light only) Typically <10 ms regular output relays © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 479: Milliampere Module (Ma Out & Ma In)

    Table. 9.1.3.4 - 392. Technical data for the milliampere module. Signals Output magnitudes 4 × mA output signal (DC) Input magnitudes 1 × mA input signal (DC) mA input Range (hardware) 0...33 mA Range (measurement) 0...24 mA Inaccuracy ±0.1 mA © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 480: Rtd Input Module

    Table. 9.1.3.7 - 395. Technical data for the double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module. Protocols Protocols HSR and PRP Ports Quantity of fiber ports LC fiber connector Communication port C & D Wavelength 1300 nm Fiber cable 50/125 μm or 62.5/125 μm multimode (glass) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 481: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module

    Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents Peak-to-peak phase currents Pick-up Pick-up current setting 0.10…50.00 × I , setting step 0.01 × I 0.10…50.00 %I , setting step 0.01 %I Inrush 2nd harmonic blocking fund fund © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 482: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    ±3 mA (0.005…10.0 × I - Starting I01 (1 A) - Starting I02 (0.2 A) ±1.5 %I0 or ±1.0 mA (0.005…25.0 × I - Starting I0Calc (5 A) ±1.0 %I0 or ±15 mA (0.005…4.0 × I Operating time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 483: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    , setting step 0.01 × I Pick-up current setting Inaccuracy: - Current ±0.5 %I or ±15 mA (0.10…4.0 × I - U1/I1 angle (U > 15 V) ±0.20° - U1/I1 angle (U = 1…15 V) ±1.5° © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 484: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    0.00…360.00 deg, setting step 0.10 deg - Tripping area size (+/-) 45.00…135.00 deg, setting step 0.10 deg 0.005…40.00 × I , setting step 0.001 × I Pick-up current setting Pick-up voltage setting 1.00…75.00 %U0 , setting step 0.01 %U0 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 485: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    ±1.0 %-unit or ±100 mA (0.10…4.0 × I - Starting I2pu - Starting I2/I1 ±1.0 %-unit or ±100 mA (0.10…4.0 × I Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 486: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    0…250.0000, step 0.0001 B IDMT constant 0…5.0000, step 0.0001 C IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 Inaccuracy: - IDMT operating time ±1.5 % or ±20 ms - IDMT minimum operating time ±20 ms Instant operation time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 487: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    0.050…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Current criteria (I ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±55 ms - DO or DI only ±15 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 488: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)

    ±1.0 % or ±35 ms IDMT setting parameters: k Time dial setting for IDMT 0.01…25.00, step 0.01 A IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 B IDMT constant 0…5.0000, step 0.0001 C IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 489: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    - IDMT minimum operating time ±20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio 1.05→ <65 ms Retardation time (overshoot) <30 ms Reset Reset ratio 103 % of the pick-up voltage setting © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 490: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±50 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms 9.2.1.12 Sequence voltage protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59NP) Table. 9.2.1.12 - 409. Technical data for the sequence voltage function. Measurement inputs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 491: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    7.00…65.00 Hz, setting step 0.01 Hz Inaccuracy (sampling mode): ±20 mHz (50/60 Hz fixed frequency) - Fixed ±20 mHz (U > 30 V secondary) - Tracking ±20 mHz (I > 30 % of rated secondary) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 492: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    +/- 50 mHz) ±1.5 % or ±110 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 20 mHz (overreach) <200 ms ratio +/- 200 mHz (overreach) <90 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 493: Machine Thermal Overload Protection (Tm>; 49M)

    , setting step 0.01 × I Ambient temperature min. and max. range –60…500 deg, setting step 1 deg Thermal model biasing (ambient): - Set ambient temperature –60…500 deg, setting step 1 deg - RTD Used measured ambient value © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 494: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)

    Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current input magnitudes RMS phase currents Pick-up Pick-up current setting 0.10…40.00 × I , setting step 0.10 × I Inaccuracy: ±0.5 %I or ±15 mA (0.10…4.0 × I - Current © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 495: Frequent Start Protection (N>; 66)

    ±3% of the set pick-up value > 0.5 × I setting. 5 mA < 0.5 × I setting (from the motor start/ Starting locked rotor monitoring function) Definite time operating time ±0.5 % or ±10 ms of the counter deduct © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 496: Non-Directional Undercurrent Protection (I<; 37)

    Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio 1.05→ <50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time setting 0.010…150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 497: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)

    1.0 V secondary voltage value and voltage angles before the fault. 9.2.1.22 Resistance temperature detectors Table. 9.2.1.22 - 419. Technical data of the resistance temperature detectors. Inputs Resistance input magnitudes Measured temperatures measured by RTD sensors © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 498: Power Factor Protection (Pf<; 55)

    Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Residual current channel I (Coarse) Current inputs (CT1 and CT2 current measurement module) Residual current channel I (Fine) Calculated residual current: I (A), I (B), I © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 499: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc) (Optional)

    8, 25 or 50 kLx (the sensor is selected in the order code) ±3 % of the set pick-up value > 0.5 × I setting. 5 mA < 0.5 × I setting. Starting inaccuracy (IArc> and I0Arc>) Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Operation time © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 500: Voltage Memory

    <50 ms Note! • Voltage memory is activated only when all line voltages fall below set pick-up value. • Voltage memory activation captures healthy situation voltage angles, one cycle before actual activation (50Hz/20ms before “bolted” fault) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 501: Control Functions

    Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Residual current channel I (Coarse) (optional) Residual current channel I (Fine) (optional) RMS phase currents Current input magnitudes RMS residual current (I ) (optional) Pick-up © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 502: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    <50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97/103 % of the pick-up voltage setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±2.0 % or ±80 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 503: Circuit Breaker Wear Monitoring

    - Instant operating time, when I ratio > 3 Typically <20ms - Instant operating time, when I ratio 1.05 < Typically <25 ms < 3 Reset Reset time Typically <10 ms Reset ratio 97 % © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 504: Disturbance Recorder

    Power supply input 4 kV, 5/50 ns, 5 kHz EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-4 Other inputs and outputs 4 kV, 5/50 ns, 5 kHz Surge: Between wires: 2 kV, 1.2/50 µs EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-5 Between wire and earth: 4 kV, 1.2/50 µs © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 505 Table. 9.3 - 436. Environmental conditions. IP classes IP54 (front) Casing protection class IP21 (rear) Temperature ranges Ambient service temperature range –35…+70 °C Transport and storage temperature range –40…+70 °C Other Altitude <2000 m Overvoltage category Pollution degree © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 506 Height: 208 mm Dimensions Width: 257 mm (½ rack) Depth: 165 mm (no cards or connectors) Weight 1.5 kg With packaging (gross) Height: 250 mm Dimensions Width: 343 mm Depth: 256 mm Weight 2.0 kg © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

  • Page 507: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion

    Order code der code Descrip Description tion Not t e e Manufact Manufactur urer er External 6-channel 2 or 3 wires RTD Input module, pre- Requires an external power Advanced Co. ADAM-4015-CE configured module Ltd. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 508 Pressure and light point sensor unit (25,000 lux AQ-02B Max. cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd. threshold) Pressure and light point sensor unit (50,000 lux AQ-02C Max. cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd. threshold) © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...
  • Page 509 Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370 Website: arcteq.fi Technical support: support.arcteq.fi +358 10 3221 388 (EET 9:00 – 17.00) E-mail (sales): sales@arcteq.fi © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00021...

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