Keysight Technologies N9040B UXA Manual
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Keysight Technologies N9040B UXA Manual

Signal analyzers
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Keysight X-Series
Signal Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following models:
N9040B UXA
N9030B PXA
N9020B MXA
N9010B EXA
N9000B CXA
N8973B NFA
N8974B NFA
N8975B NFA
N8976B NFA
N9069C
Noise Figure
Measurement
Guide

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  • Page 1 Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers This manual provides documentation for the following models: N9040B UXA N9030B PXA N9020B MXA N9010B EXA N9000B CXA N8973B NFA N8974B NFA N8975B NFA N8976B NFA N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide...
  • Page 2 DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY beyond those set forth in the TERMS IN THE SEPARATE EULA shall apply, except to the © Keysight Technologies, Inc. AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL. extent that those terms, rights, or 2015-2016 licenses are explicitly required...
  • Page 3 Where to Find the Latest Information Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product: http://www.keysight.com/find/N9040B http://www.keysight.com/find/N9030B http://www.keysight.com/find/N9020B...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Noise Figure How does the Noise Figure Measurement Work? Noise Source Y-factor Measurement Process What does the Keysight N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Application 2 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Basic Amplifier Measurement Calibrating the Analyzer Making the Measurement Making Frequency Converter Measurements...
  • Page 6 Contents 3 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Accounting for Frequency Conversion Sidebands and Images Signal Leakage LO Leakage LO Harmonics Single Sideband Measurements Double Sideband Measurements Choosing and Setting Up the Local Oscillator Selecting a Local Oscillator for Extended Frequency measurements with the X-Series Selecting a Local Oscillator Calibrating the Analyzer...
  • Page 7 Contents Using Fixed Frequency Mode Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging Effect of Bandwidth and Averaging on Speed, Jitter, and Measurement Accuracy Selecting the Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) Value Setting Averaging Selecting the Input Attenuation Range Setting the Input Attenuation used for Measurement Setting up External LO Control Adding External LO to List Setting up DUT LO or System Downconverter LO...
  • Page 8 Contents...

  • Page 9: Introduction To Noise Figure

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide Introduction to Noise Figure Modern receiving systems must often process very weak signals, but the noise added by the system components tends to obscure those very weak signals. Sensitivity, bit error ratio (BER) and noise figure are system parameters that characterize the ability to process low-level signals.

  • Page 10: How Does The Noise Figure Measurement Work

    Introduction to Noise Figure How does the Noise Figure Measurement Work? How does the Noise Figure Measurement Work? The noise figure measurement is usually made on 2-port devices to see the decrease of the signal-to-noise ratio as the signal goes through the DUT. The N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Application uses the Y-factor method to calculate the noise figure.

  • Page 11: Process

    Introduction to Noise Figure How does the Noise Figure Measurement Work? Process 1. A calibration (Figure 1-2) is done without the DUT in place to measure the instrument itself. The noise source is usually connected directly to the input of the instrument. In calibration, the analyzer makes two measurements with the noise source ON and OFF respectively.

  • Page 12: What Does The Keysight N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Application Do

    Introduction to Noise Figure What does the Keysight N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Application Do? What does the Keysight N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Application Do? The noise figure measurement application enables you to make a number of individual noise figure measurements over the range of frequencies specified by the frequency parameters.

  • Page 13: Making Noise Figure Measurements

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide Making Noise Figure Measurements This chapter introduces how to use U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in noise figure measurements, gives two measurement examples on basic measurements and frequency converter measurements respectively, and then talks about the procedure to calculate measurement uncertainty for noise figure measurements.

  • Page 14: Making Basic Measurements

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Making Basic Measurements This section describes how to make basic noise figure measurements, using an example of a basic amplifier measurement, which performs no frequency conversion. Basic Amplifier Measurement Noise figure measurements are made by measuring the output power of the DUT for two different input noise power levels.

  • Page 15: Calibrating The Analyzer

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Figure 2-1 System Connections for The Two Steps in Noise Figure Measurement When you are making measurements, follow the procedure and change the values to meet your needs. Calibrating the Analyzer Connect the noise source and the signal analyzer following the calibration setup in Figure 2-1.
  • Page 16 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Step Action Notes AMPTD 4. Configure the amplitude When you enter the Noise Figure Mode, the — Press , select the parameters internal preamplifier automatically turns Signal Path tab, select on.If an external U7227 Preamplifier is from the Internal connected, the internal preamplifier turns off Preamp...
  • Page 17 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Step Action Notes 10. Set the BW — Press , toggle the Res BW Auto 11. Set the attenuation MEAS SETUP This example uses the default minimum and — Press maximum input attenuation. Cal Setup select the tab,...
  • Page 18 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Step Action Notes If any input frequencies are in high band, that is above 3.6 GHz, the Calibrate process will optimize the preselector at these frequencies and use these preselector adjust values in the calibration acquisition results and when acquiring the measurement results.

  • Page 19: Making The Measurement

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Basic Measurements Making the Measurement Step Action Notes 1. Make the measurement Insert the DUT After the DUT and noise source are — connected, the measurement result appears between the noise on the analyzer’s display. If it does not, press source and the signal Restart .

  • Page 20: Making Frequency Converter Measurements

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements This chapter describes how to make noise figure measurements involving frequency converters. Frequency converters are necessary when: — The frequency conversion is part of the DUT. For example, the DUT is a mixer or a receiver.
  • Page 21 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements For both calibration and the measurement, a noise source, such as the Keysight 346C, or the Keysight N4002A SNS, must be connected to the noise source drive connector on the back of the X-Series analyzer. In this section, a Keysight SNS series noise source is used as an example.
  • Page 22 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements For these measurements, you can access the DUT Setup dialog (MEAS SETUP, DUT Setup & Calibration): Table 2-2 DUT Setup Table Freq Mode Swept Frequency Context This determines whether you specify the measurement frequencies at the DUT input ( ) or at the analyzer’s input ( “Freq Context”...

  • Page 23: Initial Setup Procedure

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Table 2-2 DUT Setup Table Diagram Calibration Measurement . This does not affect the measurement or calibration, but indicates how the noise source, the DUT and the analyzer should be set up. The blue ‘eye’ icon Frequency Context acts as a visual reminder of the setting...
  • Page 24 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Step Action Notes Ext LO Setup 6. Configure Ext LO Setup — Press — — In the box of the dialog, enter the Address and press Done Add Specified IP — Press Address For more information about setting an external Select...

  • Page 25: Calibration Of The Measurement Setup

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Step Action Notes 9. Set Averaging MEAS SETUP, — Press Avg/Hold Num, 10. Averaging — Toggle 10. Turn on the Internal AMPTD Signal ENR values are retained — Press Preamp in the analyzer memory Path Internal Preamp until a different SNS is...
  • Page 26 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Step Action Notes 1. Configure the system — Connect the calibration If you have U7227-Series USB Preamplifier, see calibration system as shown in “Guide for Using U7227-Series USB Figure 2-3 on page 21. Preamplifier and the Internal Preamplifier inside X-Series Signal Analyzer”...

  • Page 27: Making The Corrected Noise Figure And Gain Measurement

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Making the Corrected Noise Figure and Gain Measurement A measurement corrected for the noise contributed by the analyzer is made. Insert the DUT into the system as shown in Figure 2-3 on page 21. A graphic display of noise figure and gain is shown in Figure 2-4.

  • Page 28: Making Multi-Stage Converter Measurements

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements If the measurement includes the insertion loss of any filter that was not calibrated out at the MEAS SETUP Loss Comp Loss calibration step, it can be removed by pressing tab, (Before DUT After DUT Loss Comp Mode Fixed...
  • Page 29 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements A system downconverter is part of the measurement system, and is present in both the calibration setup and the measurement setup. See Figure 2-6. During calibration the noise performance of both the analyzer and the system downconverter are measured.

  • Page 30: Measurement Modes With A Dsb System Downconverter

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Measurement Modes with a DSB System Downconverter The noise source generates broadband noise. In a DSB system downconverter calibration setup, noise input from both the USB and LSB sidebands will be converted to the same IF, as shown in Figure 2-7.

  • Page 31: Measurement Modes With An Ssb System Downconverter

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Figure 2-7 DSB System Downconverter Measurements Amplitude USB Input LSB Input Broad-band Noise Frequency Analyzer Input Band — If the DUT bandwidth is greater than the LSB-USB separation, a system downconverter can operate in USB, LSB, or DSB mode, and the same circumstances occur in both the calibration and the measurements, hence DSB sideband power addition corrections are not needed.
  • Page 32 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements Figure 2-8 shows how filtering makes an LSB measurement, and Figure 2-9 shows a USB downconversion measurement. Figure 2-8 LSB System Downconverter Measurements Amplitude Depending on F downconverter output filter may be needed to reject mixing LO-IF leakage Noise reaching mixer from...
  • Page 33 Making Noise Figure Measurements Making Frequency Converter Measurements The bandwidth of the SSB filter limits the maximum frequency range over which a measurement can be swept. Therefore, SSB measurements are not suited to very wideband DUTs. Filtering is needed to select the wanted sideband. A swept noise figure measurement is then possible even if the LO cannot be swept.

  • Page 34: Calculating Measurement Uncertainty

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Calculating Measurement Uncertainty Calculating Measurement Uncertainty Measurement uncertainty is a key parameter for noise figure measurements, especially for a DUT with extremely low noise figure. During the product design and manufacturing period, it is necessary to have a solid understanding of how a number of variables affect the overall measurement uncertainty.
  • Page 35 Making Noise Figure Measurements Calculating Measurement Uncertainty The following procedure takes the measurement results on the amplifier in “Making Basic Measurements” on page 14 section as an example, to calculate the measurement uncertainty. Step Notes MEAS SETUP Uncertainty Perform this step after the corrected measurement results are 1.
  • Page 36 Making Noise Figure Measurements Calculating Measurement Uncertainty Step Notes 6. The noise figure measurement uncertainty of the current measurement result is displayed in Noise Figure Uncertainty. 2σ Sweep Uncertainty areas. Three types of measurement uncertainty are provided; User Cal, Internal Cal, and Uncalibrated. For more information about user “User Cal vs.

  • Page 37: Using The U7227-Series Usb Preamplifiers In Noise Figure Measurements

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements The U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers turn the X-Series Noise Figure Analyzers into better noise figure analyzers by reducing the overall instrument noise figure.

  • Page 38: Initial Connection To The Signal Analyzer

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Initial Connection to the Signal Analyzer The U7227-Series USB Preamplifier is powered via a USB connection from the signal analyzer. To connect it to the analyzer, follow the steps below. Before connecting a signal to the input port of the U7227-Series USB Preamplifier, make sure the USB preamplifier can safely accept the signal level provided.
  • Page 39 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements 1. The sweep will pause momentarily while the “Hardware Configuration Updating” message appears on the signal analyzer display. See Figure 2-13. Figure 2-13 “Hard ware Configuration Updating” Message 2.
  • Page 40 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Figure 2-14 Signal Analyzer Display after USB Preamplifier is Ready For Use 5. The USB preamplifier is ready for use. When the instrument is in the Noise Figure mode and the external U7227 Series USB preamplifier is plugged in, the internal preamplifier will turn off to avoid compression.

  • Page 41: Guide For Using U7227-Series Usb Preamplifier And The Internal Preamplifier Inside X-Series Signal Analyzer

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Guide for Using U7227-Series USB Preamplifier and the Internal Preamplifier inside X-Series Signal Analyzer This section provides a rough guide for using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifier, the internal preamplifier, and the internal attenuator together to make accurate noise figure measurements.

  • Page 42: Rough Guide For The Noise Figure Test System Configuration

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Rough Guide for the Noise Figure Test System Configuration To configure the test system for accurate noise figure measurements, the first priority is to make the instrument noise figure (USB preamplifier + signal analyzer) as low as possible.
  • Page 43 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Below is the procedure for using Figure 2-16 Figure 2-17 to find the proper system configuration. See “Examples for Using the Guide to Find the Test System Configuration” on page 46 for examples of using this procedure.
  • Page 44 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Figure 2-16 Supported DUT Characteristics and Recommended Test System Configuration for Frequency Ranges below 3.6 GHz N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide...
  • Page 45 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Figure 2-17 Supported DUT Characteristics and Recommended Test System Configuration for Frequency Ranges above 3.6 GHz For frequency ranges above 3.6 GHz, if no preamplifier is used in the signal analyzer, the major noise power concern will be the noise power before the mixer.

  • Page 46: Af Dut_Bw

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements Table 2-3 Noise Figure and Gain Specification of the U7227-Series USB Preamplifier Specification U7227A U7227C U7227F Frequency 10 MHz to 4 GHz 100 MHz to 26.5 GHz 2 to 50 GHz >...

  • Page 47: Dut_Gain_Modified

    Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements The modified DUT gain is: DUT_Gain_Modified DUT_Gain 24.45 – Use DUT NF and DUT Gain Modified values to search in Figure 2-16 from bottom to top. The test system configuration should be USB Preamp + Internal Preamp + Internal Attenuator.
  • Page 48 Making Noise Figure Measurements Using the U7227-Series USB Preamplifiers in Noise Figure Measurements N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide...

  • Page 49: Measurement Related Tasks And Concepts

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers N9069C Noise Figure Measurement Guide Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts This chapter provides more details about measurement tasks and concepts related to the noise figure measurements, which are described in three sections as below. Also included is a simple comparison of three instruments and some further information.

  • Page 50: Setting The Measurement System

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Setting the Measurement System Accounting for Frequency Conversion If noise figure measurement includes frequency conversions, the following points will need to be carefully considered. Sidebands and Images For any measurement involving frequency conversion, you need to consider the exact frequency ranges involved, and make decisions about the filtering requirements for the specific measurement.

  • Page 51: Signal Leakage

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System It is conventional to call the higher frequency band of an image pair the Upper-Sideband, USB, and the lower frequency band of an image pair the Lower-Sideband, LSB. Non-ideal mixers exhibit some unwanted behaviors: —...

  • Page 52: Single Sideband Measurements

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Equation 3-1 ± ± ± ± ± … Filtering is needed to eliminate the noise input to the DUT at these higher order frequencies. However, their frequencies may be great enough that the mixer attenuates them, making them insignificant.
  • Page 53 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Figure 3-2 Single Sideband Mixer Measurements Amplitude Depending on F , a DUT output filter may be needed to reject LO leakage mixing Noise reaching mixer from the DUT Input filter Frequency X-Series Input LSB Input...

  • Page 54: Double Sideband Measurements

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Double Sideband Measurements Double Sideband (DSB) measurements can only be made when the DUT is a downconverter, or when the system downconverter is On. DSB techniques can be useful when making noise figure measurements under the following conditions: —...
  • Page 55 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Figure 3-3 shows that noise from two bands are combined during the measurement, while during calibration, when the DUT was not connected, only one band (at the IF frequency) was used. If the assumptions about the parameters being flat over the frequency between the two sidebands are valid, your results will show a doubling in power (3 dB increase) in the noise level during the measurement of any downconverting...

  • Page 56: Choosing And Setting Up The Local Oscillator

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System LO Harmonics (with specific DSB information) Many mixers have product pairs associated with harmonics of the LO. Depending on the mixer, these could be at a sufficient level to distort the measured noise figure results.

  • Page 57: Selecting A Local Oscillator

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Effect of high level LO spurious signals and noise on mixer measurements with low L-to-I rejection. The spurious level of the LO also has to be low. At frequencies where there is a high spurious signal, the noise figure measured will have a peak at that IF.

  • Page 58: Calibrating The Analyzer

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Calibrating the Analyzer To compensate for the noise contribution of the analyzer and associated cabling in the measurement path, a calibration is necessary. The calibration measures the analyzer’s noise contribution with no device under test (DUT) in place.

  • Page 59: When To Perform Calibration

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System When to Perform Calibration To make corrected measurements, you must calibrate the analyzer whenever: — You power cycle the analyzer — You preset the analyzer — You select a measurement frequency or frequency range outside the currently calibrated range —...
  • Page 60 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Measurement System Table 3-1 User Cal vs. Internal Cal Items User Cal Internal Cal System connection and User Cal needs a different system Internal Cal does NOT need the special system setting procedure connection.

  • Page 61: Setting The Signal Analyzer To Make A Measurement

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement DUT Setup Form Item Description Name Available Selections Setup Calibration Selects the calibration diagram to be displayed. The diagram represents the connections you need to make to perform the calibration using the current settings.
  • Page 62 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Item Description Name Available Selections Freq Mode Swept Points are linearly distributed between the Start and Stop Frequency, where the number of points is determined by the Points parameter under the Sweep/Control menu.
  • Page 63 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Item Description Name Available Selections Sideband (both for Lower Sideband – the RF input frequency is < the LO frequency. DUT and system For example(downconverter): downconverter) Upper Sideband – the RF input frequency is > the LO frequency. For example (downconverter): Double Sideband –...

  • Page 64: Entering Excess Noise Ratio (Enr) Data

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Item Description Name Available Selections External LO Control On/Off Allows you to toggle the external LO control on and off through LAN, USB, or GPIB interface. LO Power Allows you to set the LO power level in dBm units.

  • Page 65: Selecting A Common Enr Table

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement “Entering ENR Table Data for Noise Sources” on page 65 “Saving an ENR Table” on page 68 “Entering ENR Data from Internal Storage” on page 69 “Using a Spot ENR Value” on page 69 “Setting the Tcold Value”...
  • Page 66 — When in noise figure mode, SNS ENR data by default will load automatically when the SNS is connected to the analyzer. The 346 Series noise sources from Keysight Technologies have the ENR values printed on a label that is affixed to the body of the device. These ENR values are also provided in the form of a calibration report, and on a diskette which is supplied with all Keysight 346x Series noise sources.

  • Page 67: Figure

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Table 3-2 Step Notes Ed it Meas Table To enter common measurement and calibration 4. Press to access the ENR table for Use Meas Table Data for which you wish to enter data.

  • Page 68: Saving An Enr Table

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Table 3-2 Step Notes 8. Repeat step 7 until all the frequency and ENR values The ENR Table data is stored in comma separated you need are entered. value (.csv) format.

  • Page 69: Entering Enr Data From Internal Storage

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Entering ENR Data from Internal Storage If the noise source you are using has its ENR data previously stored on internal memory, you can load this ENR data into the analyzer as follows: Step Notes Recall...

  • Page 70: Setting The Measurement Frequencies

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Setting the Measurement Frequencies Before you set the frequencies you want to measure, you need to select a frequency mode. Three frequency modes are available when you press FREQ, Freq Mode: —...

  • Page 71: Using List Frequency Mode

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Using List Frequency Mode List frequency mode allows you to enter the frequency points where measurements are made. This allows you to specify measurement points, for example, in areas of interest that would otherwise have less coverage in the sweep mode.
  • Page 72 Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Step Notes Figure 3-6 An Empty Frequency List 3. Press Insert Row Below. Freq You do not need to enter the frequency values in 4. Press the highlighted row under , enter the ascending order, as the analyzer continually sorts frequency value in the table and terminate it using...

  • Page 73: Using Fixed Frequency Mode

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Using Fixed Frequency Mode The fixed frequency mode is used when you want to make a measurement at a single frequency. To set a fixed frequency, press FREQ, Freq Mode, Fixed, then press Fixed Freq and enter the frequency value using the numeric keys and the unit termination menu.

  • Page 74: Setting Averaging

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement When the resolution bandwidth is set to manual (Man), you can manually specify the resolution bandwidth from a minimum of 1 Hz to a maximum of 8 MHz.

  • Page 75: Selecting The Input Attenuation Range

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Selecting the Input Attenuation Range The noise figure measurement application has a default input attenuation calibration range of 0 dB to 8 dB, and a step size of 4 dB. The disadvantage of wide ranges of attenuator calibration is the number of calibration sweeps, and the time the calibration routine takes.

  • Page 76: Setting The Input Attenuation Used For Measurement

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Table 3-4 Power Detection and Ranging on X-Series Signal Analyzers Frequency Attenuation Maximum Approximate DUT Characteristics Setting Input Power for High Accuracy 3.6 GHz to 0 dB –31 dBm A wide bandwidth DUT with NF = 5 dB and Gain <39 dB, or NF = 15 dB and Gain <...

  • Page 77: Setting Up External Lo Control

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Setting up External LO Control When the frequency converters are included in the measurements, the Noise Figure Measurement Application can help to control the LO of the DUT and/or system downconverter that will be used in the measurement system.

  • Page 78: Using Loss Compensation

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Step Notes Select Highlighted Source as DUT LO 5. Press Ext LO Setup 6. On the Select dialog, press DUT LO Setup 7. Press LO Settings MEAS SETUP 8.

  • Page 79: Configuring Fixed Loss Compensation

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Configuring Fixed Loss Compensation To configure fixed loss compensation follow the example below: Step Notes MEAS SETUP Loss Comp 1. Press tab. Loss, Before DUT After DUT 2.

  • Page 80: Creating A Loss Compensation Table

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Creating a Loss Compensation Table Loss Compensation tables can have a maximum of 501 entries. To create a loss compensation table proceed as follows. The Loss Compensation table frequency limits in the Before DUT Table... are specified in terms of the DUT’s input frequencies and the After DUT Table...

  • Page 81: Setting Temperature Of Loss

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Setting the Signal Analyzer to Make a Measurement Step Notes 5. Repeat steps 3 to 4 until all the Loss You can insert the Loss Frequency and Loss Values in the Frequency and Loss Values you need are Loss Compensation Table in any order, as the Noise Figure entered.

  • Page 82: Viewing Measurement Results

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Viewing Measurement Results Viewing Measurement Results Displaying the Measurement Results The analyzer features a color display and a comprehensive set of display features to allow you to analyze the measurement results in detail, or to quickly obtain a pass/fail indication.

  • Page 83: Selecting Result Types To Display

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Viewing Measurement Results Figure 3-7 Dual-graph Display To change the active graph, tap the desired window. Selecting Result Types to Display You can choose to display any pair of measurement results in all of the display format modes.

  • Page 84: Setting The Scaling

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Viewing Measurement Results To specify which measurement results are displayed, Step Notes Display, Layout, select 1. Press Table Results Table 2. Press and toggle the result that you want to display. Setting the Scaling You can set the result’s scale parameters in the active graph. Press the AMPTD to display the Y Scale tab.

  • Page 85: Calculating The Noise Power Into Different Stages Of The Noise Figure Measurement System

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Calculating the Noise Power into Different Stages of the Noise Figure Measurement System Calculating the Noise Power into Different Stages of the Noise Figure Measurement System Figure 3-8 show the possible blocks in the signal path of the noise signal in the noise figure measurement.

  • Page 86: Calculating The Noise Figure For Noise Power Calculation

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Calculating the Noise Power into Different Stages of the Noise Figure Measurement System Gain DUTGain USBPreampGain InternalPreampGain Internal Attenuation – Calculating the Noise Figure for Noise Power Calculation To calculate the noise power using Equation 3-2, you need to calculate the noise figure of a part of the test system.

  • Page 87: Further Information

    Measurement Related Tasks and Concepts Further Information Further Information Keysight Technologies produces three application notes about noise figures and their measurement. These are: — Application Note 57-1 Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Noise Figure Measurements http://cp.literature.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5952-8255E.pdf — Application Note 57-2 Noise Figure Measurement Accuracy - the Y-Factor Method http://cp.literature.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5952-3706E.pdf...
  • Page 88 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2016 Edition 1, March 2016 N9069-90001 www.keysight.com...

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