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PIXIS-XF System Manual 4411-0112 Issue 5 January 9, 2020 www.princetoninstruments.com...
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Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Teledyne Princeton Instruments. Printed in the United States of America. LightField and PVCam are registered trademarks of Teledyne Digital Imaging US, Inc.
Shutterless operation, low noise, and the ability to select a fiber ratio up to 3:1 make the Teledyne Princeton Instruments’ PIXIS-XF system an ideal choice for both of these applications.
To prevent permanently damaging the system, please observe the following precautions: • Always switch off and unplug the PIXIS-XF camera before changing your system configuration in any way. • Never operate the camera cooled without proper evacuation or backfill. This could damage the CCD! •...
Chapter 1 Introduction Cleaning WARNING! Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or personal injury could occur. 1.9.1 Camera Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the camera, you may clean the camera from time to time by wiping it down with a clean damp cloth.
Appendix D, WinSpec/32/LightField Cross Reference This appendix provides two alphabetically sorted tables (WinX to LightField and LightField to WinX) that cross reference terms used by the two applications. • Warranty and Service Provides warranty information for the PIXIS-XF system. Contact information is also included.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.12 Safety Related Symbols Used in this Manual CAUTION! Caution provides detailed information about actions and/or hazards that may result in damage to the equipment being used, including but not limited to the possible loss of data. WARNING! Warning provides detailed information about actions...
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Chapter 2: PIXIS-XF Camera System A typical air-cooled PIXIS-XF system consists of the camera with a Certificate of Performance, a power supply, a USB 2.0 interface cable for your computer system, MCX to BNC adapter cables, and the user manual. A typical liquid-cooled PIXIS-XF system...
• Fiber Optic The PIXIS-XF fiberoptic tapers are bonded to the face of the CCD arrays with Teledyne Princeton Instruments' fiberoptic-coupling technology. The direct bonding to the face of the array eliminates the need for an intermediate fiberoptic faceplate or an oil layer between surfaces, thereby increasing sensitivity.
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Chapter 2 PIXIS-XF Camera System • Air-cooled cameras contain an internal fan. Its purpose is to: — Remove heat from the Peltier device that cools the CCD array, and — Cool the electronics. An internal Peltier device directly cools the cold finger on which the CCD is mounted.
USB port located on the rear of the camera. You can hot plug the PIXIS-XF camera whenever the WinX application is not running (i.e., connect or disconnect from the camera or the host computer while the camera is on).
4411-0112_0006 NOTE: Part numbers for the hose, PIXIS-XF fittings, and CoolCUBE fitting are: McMaster# MCM 5238K748; CPC# MCD1004 and McMaster# MCM 5346K35; and CPC# NS6D17006, respectively.
PIXIS-XF. 4411-0112_0008 Certificate of Performance Each PIXIS-XF camera is shipped with a Certificate of Performance which states that the camera system has been assembled and tested according to approved Teledyne Princeton Instruments procedures. It documents the camera’s performance data as...
WinView and WinSpec take full advantage of the versatility of the PIXIS-XF camera and even enhance it by making integration of the detection system into larger experiments or instruments an easy, straightforward endeavor.
EMI environment applications. This optional kit supports PIXIS-XF, Spec-10, VersArray and PI-MAX family of products as well Teledyne Acton Research Series spectrometers with a USB 2.0 data interface.
Chapter 3: Initial System Verification Table 3-1 lists the sequence of actions required to install a PIXIS-XF system and prepare to gather data. Refer to the indicated references for additional information. Refer to Section 3.1, System Block Diagrams, on page 24 for high-level block diagrams of typical system configurations.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Table 3-1: PIXIS-XF Installation Actions (Sheet 2 of 2) Action Refer to… 12. Once the system reaches temperature lock, wait an additional Section 5.2, WinX/32 First 20 minutes and then begin acquiring data in focus/preview Light on page 39.
Keep all of the original packing materials so you can safely ship the PIXIS-XF system to another location or return it for service if necessary. If you have any difficulty with any step of the instructions, call Teledyne Princeton Instruments Customer Support.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Verify Equipment and Parts Inventory Confirm that you have all of the equipment and parts required to set up the PIXIS-XF system. A standard system consists of: • Camera and Power Supply • CoolCUBE Circulator and hoses (for liquid-cooled system) •...
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NOTE: The following requirements are the minimum for operating a PIXIS-XF camera. A faster computer with 5 GB or more memory (RAM) will significantly enhance software performance during live mode operations. •...
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Install the Application Software This section provides information about installing image acquisition software. 4.4.1 Install WinX/32 NOTES: Before proceeding, determine if the host computer supports USB 2.0. If it does not, install a USB 2.0 interface card.
2. Make sure the camera is connected to the host computer and that the camera power supply is turned on. 3. Reboot the computer. 4. At boot up, Windows will detect the Teledyne Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface hardware in the PIXIS-XF. 4.4.2 Install LightField The following installation is performed via the LightField software installation CD.
Issue 5 3. After the installation finishes, reboot the computer. 4. Connect the PIXIS-XF system components to your computer and power them on. 5. Start LightField, activate it, and begin setting up your experiment. Make Camera-Circulator Connections for a CoolCUBE...
4.6.1 Configure Default WinX/32 Parameters Make sure the PIXIS-XF is connected to the host computer and that it is turned on. 2. Run the WinX/32 application. The Camera Detection wizard will automatically run if this is the first time you have installed a Teledyne Princeton Instruments WinX application (WinView/32, WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/32) and a supported camera.
Light, on page 39. 4.6.2 Configure Default LightField Parameters Verify the PIXIS-XF is connected to the host computer and that the camera power supply is turned on. 2. Start LightField. 3. While LightField is starting up, it will detect the available device(s) and load the appropriate icons into the Available Devices area in the Experiment workspace.
Perform the following procedure to connect an external shutter: Verify that the PIXIS-XF camera is turned off (i.e., the power supply is switched off). 2. Connect the shutter cable from the Teledyne Princeton Instruments-supplied 25 mm external slit shutter to the LEMO connector on the rear of the camera.
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Chapter 5: Operation Once the PIXIS-XF system has been set up, camera operation is basically straightforward. In most applications you simply establish optimum performance using the Focus mode (e.g., in WinX/32,) set the target detector temperature, wait until the temperature has stabilized at the set temperature and then do actual data acquisition in the Acquire mode.
If the application software is opened and the PIXIS-XF is not powered on, many of the functions will be disabled and you will only be able to retrieve and examine previously acquired and stored data. You must close the application software, power the camera on, and reopen the application software before you can set up experiments and acquire new data.
This section provide step-by-step information about verifying the operation of your PIXIS-XF system. The intent of this simple procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and to show that it is functioning properly. The procedure does not require an X-ray source.
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• Camera Temperature (Setup Detector Temperature…) -40°C for air-cooled or liquid-cooled PIXIS-XF:1024. The temperature should drop steadily, typically reaching the programmed temperature in about 15 minutes. When the array temperature reaches the programmed temperature, the Detector Temperature dialog will report that the temperature is LOCKED.
Chapter 5 Operation Figure 5-2: Typical WinView/32 First Light Acquired Data Because the time to acquire and read out an image varies directly with the size of the CCD, the observed frame rate will vary greatly depending on the CCD installed. With a short exposure time, it is not uncommon for the frame readout time to be significantly longer than the exposure time.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 LightField First Light This section provides step-by-step information about acquiring an image in LightField for the first time. The intent of this procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, then operation with other operating configurations, ones with more complex timing modes, can be performed.
Chapter 5 Operation 4. Drag the camera icon into the Experiment Devices area. See Figure 5-4. Figure 5-4: Typical LightField Experiment Devices Area The Experiment Settings stack on the left displays several expanders. Since this is a new experiment, the default settings for the camera will be programmed. 5.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Figure 5-5: Typical LightField View Area 7. Click on Run to start Preview mode. In this mode, images will be continuously acquired and displayed. Because no X-ray source is being used, the images you see will be of the camera's dark charge. As the...
SHUTTER {Shutter Open} signal on the LOGIC OUT connector on the rear of the PIXIS-XF can be used to control a customer-supplied external X-ray shutter. By using one of the signals to synchronize the shutter operation with exposure, the CCD can be read out in darkness.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 5.4.3 CCD Temperature As stated before, lowering the temperature of the CCD will generally enhance the quality of the acquired signal. • When WinX/32 is the controlling software, temperature control is done via the Detector Temperature dialog accessed from the Setup menu. See Figure 5-7.
~2 for every 6-7 degree reduction in temperature. In the case of cameras such as the PIXIS-XF cameras, which have MPP type arrays, the average dark charge is extremely small. However, the dark-charge distribution is such that a significant number of pixels may exhibit a much higher dark charge, limiting the maximum practical exposure.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Readout After the exposure time has elapsed, the charge accumulated in the array pixels needs to be read out of the array, converted from electrons to digital format, and transmitted to the application software where it can be displayed and/or stored. Readout begins by moving charge from the CCD image area to the shift register.
Chapter 5 Operation Figure 5-9: Full Frame at Full Resolution A1 B1 C1 A1 B1 C1 C2 D2 B1 C1 C2 D2 C2 D2 CCD Readout begins with the simultaneous shifting of all pixels one row toward the shift register, in this case the row at the top. The shift register is a single line of pixels along one edge of the CCD, not sensitive to light and used for readout only.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 5.5.2.1 Hardware Binning Hardware binning is performed on the CCD array before the signal is read out of the output amplifier. For signal levels that are readout noise limited this method improves S/N ratio linearly with the number of pixels grouped together. For signals large enough to render the camera photon shot noise limited, the S/N ratio improvement is roughly proportional to the square root of the number of pixels binned.
Chapter 5 Operation The readout rate for n x n binning is approximated using a more general version of the full resolution equation. The modified equation is: – ---- - ---- - ...
Figure 5-11 shows an array with dual output nodes and amplifiers (one set at each end of the shift register), some PIXIS-XF systems are available with a single output node and amplifier. Figure 5-11: Array Terms for a CCD with a Dual Output Amplifier...
Chapter 5 Operation 5.5.4 Controller Gain Controller Gain is software-selectable and is used to change the relationship between the number of electrons acquired on the CCD and the Analog-to-Digital Units (ADUs or counts) generated. ► ► In WinX/32, gain selection is made on the Acquisition Experiment Setup…...
5.6.1 Digitization Rate The PIXIS-XF camera has been designed with dual digitizers (i.e., 100 kHz and 2 MHz). Dual digitization allows you to choose how quickly the data will be digitized with optimal signal-to-noise ratios achieved at both readout speeds. Because the readout noise of CCD arrays increases with the readout rate, it is sometimes necessary to trade off readout speed for high dynamic range.
If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal you may have excessive humidity in the camera's vacuum enclosure. TURN OFF THE SYSTEM IMMEDIATELY. Contact Teledyne Princeton Instruments Customer Support for information on how to refresh the vacuum. See page 98 for contact information.
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Section 6.3, LOGIC OUT Control, on page 67 Discusses the EXT SYNC and LOGIC OUT output connectors on the rear of the PIXIS-XF. The levels at this connector can be used to monitor camera operation or synchronize external equipment. •...
Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger} modes, opens the shutter as soon as the PIXIS-XF is ready to receive an External Sync pulse. This is required if the time between the External Sync pulse and the event is less than a few milliseconds, the time it takes the shutter to open.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 6.1.1 Free Run {No Response} In Free Run {No Response} mode the camera does not synchronize with the experiment in any way. The shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is complete, and remains open for the exposure time, t .
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 6.1.2 External Sync {Readout Per Trigger} In this mode all exposures are synchronized to an external source. As illustrated in Figure 6-3, this mode can be used in combination with Normal or PreOpen {Open Before Trigger} shutter operation.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics The PreOpen {Open Before Trigger} mode is useful in applications where an External Sync pulse cannot be provided 8 ms (or the length of time a mechanical shutter takes to open) before the actual signal occurs. Its main drawback is that the CCD is exposed to any ambient light while the shutter is open between frames.
6.1.3 External Sync with Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger} Timing Another timing mode available with the PIXIS-XF is Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger}. In addition to the standard cleaning of the array which occurs after the camera is enabled, this mode removes any charge from the array until the moment the External Sync pulse trigger edge is received.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Figure 6-6 Figure 6-7 illustrate the timing diagrams for this mode for WinX/32 and LightField, respectively. NOTE: If EXT SYNC is still active at the end of the readout (i.e., it is still HIGH in Figure 6-6,) the hardware may interpret this as a second sync pulse, and so on.
High impedance • Trigger Edge ► + (rising) or - (falling) edge must be indicated on the Experiment Setup Timing tab {Trigger/Shutter expander} Figure 6-8 illustrates the rear panel connectors on the PIXIS-XF. Figure 6-8: Rear View of PIXIS-XF Camera...
6.2.1 Fast Mode (WinX/32 and LightField) In Fast operation, the PIXIS-XF runs according to the timing of the experiment, with no interruptions from the computer. Fast operation is primarily for collecting real-time sequences of experimental data, where timing is critical and events cannot be missed.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Figure 6-9: Flowcharts Comparing Safe and Fast Mode Operation Safe Mode Fast Mode Start Start Computer programs Computer programs camera with exposure camera with exposure and binning parameters and binning parameters Start acquisition Start acquisition...
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics LOGIC OUT Control The TTL-compatible logic level output (0 to +3.3 V ) from the LOGIC OUT connector on the rear panel can be used to monitor camera status and control external devices. By default, the logic output level is high while the action is occurring. The timing of the ►...
CCDs to take time-resolved images/spectra. NOTE: In WinX/32, if the Kinetics option has been installed in the PIXIS-XF, this readout mode will be made available when you select the appropriate camera type on the Hardware Setup dialog. Figure 6-11 illustrates a high-level diagram of kinetics mode.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 6.4.1 Kinetic Timing Modes Kinetics Mode operates with three timing modes: Free Run {No Response}, Single Trigger {Readout Per Trigger}, and Multiple Trigger {Shift Per Trigger}. Free run {No Response} mode is used for experiments that do not require any synchronization with the experiments.
Figure 6-15: Typical LightField Shutter and Trigger Expanders: Normal, No Response 6.4.1.1 Free Run (Non-Triggered Mode) In Free Run {No Response} Kinetics mode, the PIXIS-XF takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in WinX/32, the exposure time is set ►...
The trigger is applied at the Ext Sync connector on the rear of the PIXIS-XF. After the series is complete, the shutter closes and the CCD is read out at normal speeds. Once the readout is complete, the camera is ready for the next series of exposures.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 In multiple trigger mode, the shutter (if there is an external X-ray shutter) is opened when Acquire or Focus {Run} is clicked and each exposure-shift cycle in the acquisition is triggered independently by a pulse applied at the EXT SYNC connector. This mode is useful when each subframe needs to be synchronized with a pulsed external light source such as a laser.
Advanced Topics 6.5.1.1 Software Settings CAUTION! Teledyne Princeton Instruments does not encourage users to change these parameter settings. For most applications, the default settings will give the best results. We strongly advise contacting the factory for guidance before customizing the chip definition.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Figure 6-20: Typical LightField Custom Sensor Pane By changing the values in the Active fields, you can increase image acquisition speed by reducing the size of the active area in the definition. The result will be faster but lower resolution data acquisition.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Figure 6-21: Typical LightField Custom Timing Dialog In WinX/32, if Custom Timing is supported and selected, Vertical Shift is configured on the Hardware Setup dialog, Custom Timing tab. See Figure 6-22. NOTE: Custom Timing fully supported by WinX/32 Versions 2.5.18.1 and higher.
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Chapter 7: Troubleshooting WARNING! Do not attach or remove any cables while the camera system is powered on. Refer to Table 7-1 for issues which have recommended troubleshooting procedures in this chapter. Table 7-1: List of Recommended Troubleshooting Procedures Information Issue begins on…...
114 for complete information. Camera Stops Working Problems with the host computer system or software may have side effects that appear to be hardware problems. If you are sure the problem is in the PIXIS-XF system hardware, begin with these simple checks: •...
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Camera1 (or Similar Same) in Camera Name Field When the Camera Detection Wizard installs a new camera, the camera is automatically named Camera# (where # = 1, 2, or 3, depending on the number of cameras detected) This name will appear in the Hardware Setup title bar and as the active camera on the ►...
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 5. The next time you start the WinX/32 application, the new name will be displayed on the Hardware Setup dialog. See Figure 7-4. Figure 7-4: Camera Name on Hardware Setup Dialog 6. If you later re-run the Camera Detection Wizard, the name will be changed back to the default name (i.e., Camera1).
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting CoolCUBE : Low Coolant (Air in the Hoses) CAUTION! If more than two inches (50.8 mm) of the coolant line is filled with air, the pump will stop working and may be damaged. If flow stops while the pump is on, turn off the CoolCUBE and add coolant.
7.7.3 Gradual Deterioration of Cooling Capability While unlikely with the PIXIS-XF camera (guaranteed permanent vacuum for the life of the camera), if you see a gradual deterioration of the cooling capability, there may be a gradual deterioration of the camera's vacuum. This can affect temperature performance such that it may be impossible to achieve temperature lock at the lowest temperatures.
USB 2.0 interface. If this is not the case and data overruns continue to occur, contact Teledyne Princeton Instruments Customer Support. Refer to Contact Information on page 114 for complete information.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 7.11 Device Is Not Found When LightField is launched, it looks for devices (i.e., cameras, spectrometers, and filters,) that are powered on and connected via a communications interface to the host computer. If LightField cannot find a device that was used in the last experiment, it will...
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 7.12 Device is Occupied Multiple instances of LightField can be running at the same time. However, a device currently being used by one instance of LightField will be shown in the Available Devices area as Occupied for all other instances of LightField. See Figure 7-7.
PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 7.14 Program Error Message The error dialog illustrated in Figure 7-9 may appear if you have tried to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in focusing mode and the DMA buffer size is too small.
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Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Perform the following procedure to correct the problem: Turn OFF the camera system (if it is not already OFF). 2. Make sure the computer interface cable is secured at both ends. 3. After making sure that the cable is connected, turn the camera system power ON. 4.
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2048 × 2048 13.5 m × 13.5 100 kHz/2 MHz (EEV 2048x2048B) Full Frame For detailed system specifications, refer to the latest data sheet. PIXIS-XF data sheet(s) are available on the Teledyne Princeton Instruments website www.princetoninstruments.com Camera Window Beryllium (Be); 10 mil (250...
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USB 2.0 (USB B Female) Data link to computer via USB cable inserted at this connector. Cable length of 5 meters is standard. Other lengths may be available. Contact Teledyne Princeton Instruments Customer Support for more information. Refer to Contact Information on page 114 for complete information.
Dual digitizers with 100 kHz/2 MHz readout rates. Software selectable. Low-speed operation gives better noise performance; high-speed operation allows faster data acquisition. Options Contact Teledyne Princeton Instruments for information regarding options available for your system. Refer to Contact Information on page 114 for complete information.
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Appendix C: S Phosphor Replacement In some instances, it may become desirable to change the phosphor mounted on the fiber optic taper. CAUTION! Observe the following cautions when handling Beryllium: • To avoid oil transfer from your fingers, do not touch the Beryllium window at the front of the camera without vinyl gloves.
4. Use the 3/32" hex key to unscrew the eight (8) 4-40 x 3/8" socket head screws securing the Beryllium window assembly to the nose of the camera. CAUTION! DO NOT LOOSEN ANY OTHER SCREWS. Figure C-1. Figure C-1: PIXIS-XF:1024 Phosphor Assembly Drawing 4-40 3/8” S OCKET (QTY. 8) CREWS...
Appendix C S Phosphor Replacement Remove and Replace the Phosphor Perform the following procedure to remove and replace the phosphor: Remove the foam disk and throw it away. This foam disk is NOT reusable. 2. Slide the phosphor disk off of the fiber optic. Sliding is easier and less likely to damage the disk than trying to lift the phosphor plate from the fiber optic.
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Appendix D: WinSpec/32/LightField Cross Reference This appendix provides cross reference information for terminology used within the WinSpec/32 and LightField application software packages. WinSpec/32-to-LightField Terminology Refer to Table D-1 for a list of WinSpec/32 terms and their corresponding LightField terms. Table D-1: WinSpec/32-to-LightField Cross Reference (Sheet 1 of 2) WinSpec/32 Term LightField Term Active Rows Parallel to Shift Register...
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PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Table D-1: WinSpec/32-to-LightField Cross Reference (Sheet 2 of 2) WinSpec/32 Term LightField Term Logic Out: Shutter Output Signal: Shutter Open Minimum Block Size Final Section Height Normal Shutter Normal (Shutter) Number of Blocks Final Section Count...
Appendix D WinSpec/32/LightField Cross Reference LightField to WinSpec/32 Refer to Table D-2 for a list of LightField terms and their corresponding WinSpec/32 terms. Table D-2: LightField-to-WinSpec/32 Cross Reference (Sheet 1 of 2) LightField Term WinSpec/32 Term Active Area: Bottom Margin Post-Dummy Rows Parallel to Shift Register Active Area: Left Margin Pre-Dummy Shift Register Columns...
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PIXIS-XF System Manual Issue 5 Table D-2: LightField-to-WinSpec/32 Cross Reference (Sheet 2 of 2) LightField Term WinSpec/32 Term Preview Focus Quality Readout Port Readout Per Trigger External Sync Readout Per Trigger (DIF) Single Trigger (DIF) Sensor Readout Region expander functions...
(1) year after shipment. During this period, Teledyne Princeton Instruments will repair the product or, at its sole option, repair or replace any defective part without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Teledyne Princeton Instruments factory or, at our option, to a factory-authorized service center.
(1) year from shipment. Teledyne Princeton Instruments does not warrant that the function of the software will meet your requirements or that operation will be uninterrupted or error free.
3. All warranty service must be made by the Teledyne Princeton Instruments factory or, at our option, an authorized service center. 4. Before products or parts can be returned for service you must contact the Teledyne Princeton Instruments factory and receive a return authorization number (RMA.) Products or parts returned for service without a return authorization evidenced by an RMA will be sent back freight collect.