Keysight Technologies N4374B User Manual
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Keysight Technologies N4374B User Manual

Lightwave component analyzer
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Keysight N4374B
Lightwave Component
Analyzer
User's Guide

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Summary of Contents for Keysight Technologies N4374B

  • Page 1 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide...
  • Page 4 United States and international copyright product, or improper site preparation or fitness for a particular purpose. laws. maintenance. Keysight Technologies shall not be liable Keysight Technologies, Deutschland No other warranty is expressed or implied. for errors contained herein or for GmbH Herrenberger Straße 130...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Triggering Concepts ............... . 53 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 6 Measuring Optical Power..............93 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 7 Measurement conditions..............132 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 8 Keysight online information's : ............153 Ordering Information Index Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 9 Introduction Introduction Documentation General Safety Considerations Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels...

  • Page 10: Documentation

    Introduction Documentation The documentation for the Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer consists of • The documentation for the Keysight network analyzer. This documentation is on the hard disk of the network analyzer. Refer to it for using the network analyzer for electrical to electrical measurements, or for the configuration of the network analyzer.

  • Page 11: General Safety Considerations

    Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 12 To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from mains WARN IN G before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 13 Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage. This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be CAU T ION sure the supply voltage is within the specified range. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 14 Numerical aperture Beam waist diameter < 10 mm < 10 mm aCW output power is defined as the highest possible optical output power that the laser source can produce at the output connector Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 15: Line Power Requirements

    The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination. Please refer to “Power Cords” on page 157 for the part numbers of available power cables. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 16 Keysight Technologies Service Center. Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 17 WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a "Monitoring and Control instrumentation" product. Do not dispose in domestic household waste. To return unwanted products, contact your local Keysight office, http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/ or see environment/takeback.shtml for more information. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 18: Optical Test Set Front And Rear Panels

    Caution: Be sure you do not exceed the RF power values and DC levels noted on the front panel of the instrument. This is the RF input to the transmitter of the optical test set. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 19 This is the input to use if your peak optical input power is between +5dBm and +15dBm. This input has reduced sensitivity. Port B This is the RF output from the receiver of the optical test set. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 20 Network analyzer This is an S parameter Port 1 measurement port of the Network analyzer. Depending on the S parameters of the measurement this can be either an RF input or an RF output. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 21: Rear Panel

    External Input Plug in an external laser source. Line power cable Plug in your power cable here. connector Line fuse Replace only with same type. See “Replacing the Fuse” on page 111. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 23: Getting Started

    Getting Started Getting Started Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..22 Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..24...

  • Page 24: Unpacking The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    1x 1005-1027 FC/PC adapter for APC • -050 external optical source input • 1x PMF patchcord 1.0m FC/APC narrow key • 1x 81000NI optical adapter FC Refer also to the contents list of the network analyzer. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 25 Getting Started If anything is missing or defective, contact your nearest Keysight Technologies sales office. If the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Keysight Technologies sales office. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 26: Setting Up The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    6. Repeat step 3. to step 5. for the optical input. Always use patchcords to connect to your DUT. This CAU T ION protects the connectors of the optical test set, by minimizing the number of connector changes. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 27 Component Analyzer” on page 74. We recommend you backup your LCA data regularly. N O TE Please refer to “Backing Up your LCA Data” on page 118 for information on the files to backup. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 28: Using The Correct Connectors

    When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements. The optical input and output of the Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer use angled connectors. Depending on the option you ordered, you will also have received two patchcords.

  • Page 29: Enabling And Disabling The Laser Output

    Press the [Macro Setup] key on the front panel of the network analyzer. Select Press You can now proceed with setting up measurement. For further information on measurements see the “User Interface Reference” on page 57 and “Making Measurements” on page 73. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 30: Accessing The User's Guide

    If it is not already started, start the LCA as described in “Starting the LCA” on page 27 Press in the LCA user interface to get to the electronic Version of the users guide. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 31: Performance Quick Check

    Operation ......... 37 This chapter shows how to • Verify the optical and electrical connections to the N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer •...

  • Page 32: Preparation

    • Start Frequency: 10MHz, Stop Frequency: 4.5GHz • Number of points: 899 • IF bandwidth: 300Hz • Averages: 1 • RF output power: 5dBm 2 Select “Stepped sweep - sweep moves in discrete steps”. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 33 We recommend you use “Electronic Calibration Modules” for calibrating the Network Analyzer. For more information on handling using and maintaining “Electronic Calibration Modules”, please refer to the “Reference Guide Keysight Technologies Electronic Calibration Modules”, available on the Keysight website. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 34: Verifying Your Electrical Calibration

    Keysight for repair or replacement. • Clean the electrical connectors on the “Electronic Calibration Modules” and the “Flexible Cables for Test Ports. If an electrical connector seems to be damaged, contact Keysight for repair or replacement. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 35 If you need information on cleaning and inspection of RF connectors, refer to the “Connector Care” section in the User’s Guide for the network analyzer. Perform a new electrical calibration and retest. If the problem persists contact Keysight for support. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 36: Verifying The Optical Connections And Optical Cw Operation

    5. Select the OO measurement tab. 6. Set the following parameters: • If you have option 102 (Dual wavelength 1310nm, 1550nm), set Wavelength to the wavelength at which you are testing your DUTs (1310nm or 1550nm). Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 37 • Optical input: input1 (“+7 dBm max”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm max”). • User Calibration: None 14.Click , then to set the output power. 15 Press to start optical power meter application 16.Read the optical power from the power meter application. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 38 • Switch the laser off and inspect all optical connectors with a microscope. • If the connectors on the N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer seem to be damaged contact Keysight for repair. • If the connectors on the patchcord seem to be damaged contact Keysight for replacements.

  • Page 39: Verifying The Electrical Connection And Electro-Optical Operation

    4. Connect the two type-N Flexible Cables for Test Ports (8120- 8862) supplied to the electrical ports of the N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer. 5. Press the [Macro Setup] key on the front panel of the network...
  • Page 40 10.Right click the measurement trace, and select “Autoscale All” in the context menu. At the end of the measurement, there should be a flat trace. • An ideal trace might look like this. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 41 Test Ports” visually. If electrical connectors seems to be damaged contact Keysight for repair or replacement. • Clean the electrical connectors on the N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer and the “Flexible Cables for Test Ports. Perform a new electrical calibration and retest.

  • Page 43: Measurement Concepts

    Measurement Concepts Measurement Concepts General Measurement Techniques and Considerations . 42 Signal Relationships in Opto-electric Devices..46 Calibration Concept ....... . 50 Measuring 75 Ohm devices .

  • Page 44: General Measurement Techniques And Considerations

    (or power) and lightwave modulation power. Optical Electrical Modulation Modulation Power Current Modulated Lightwave Input Output Laser --------------------------- - E/O Measurement Photodiode ------------------------- - O/E Measurement Fiber --------------------------- - O/O Measurement Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 45 Figure 1 demonstrates the basic concepts of lightwave component analysis. An analysis of how various signals are used in the measurement process is found in “Signal Relationships in Opto-electric Devices” on page 46. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 46: Eo Measurements (Lasers, Modulators)

    ⁄ ----------------- Responsivity R Δ ⁄ 20log ---------------------------- ⁄ An LCA measures input modulating current and output modulation power and displays the ratio of the two in Watts/Amp, either linearly or in decibels. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 47: Oe Measurements (Photodiodes)

    As the lightwave component analyzer is able to measure amplitude and phase, dispersion measurements can be made with very high frequency resolution. This can be used to characterize narrowband optical components with a very high frequency resolution within the modulation bandwidth. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 48: Signal Relationships In Opto-Electric Devices

    For the model, the following S-parameters are defined: ------ a ------ a where: Δ incident on E/O device ----------- Δ • Δ 1refl -------------------- - reflected from E/O device Δ ----------- incident on E/O device Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 49 ---------- - E/O source responsivity Δ Δ ---------- - O/E receiver responsivity Δ Using the above relationships, we can rewrite S in terms of the transducer responsivities R and R ------ Δ --------- Δ Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 50 1 W/A. Similarly, receiver conversion efficiency will be relative to 1 A/W. ⁄ ⁄ • • ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 20log 20log ⁄ ⁄ The individual responsivities can now be expressed individually in decibels: ⁄ 20log ---------------------------- ⁄ Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 51 The measurement of modulation current is derived from the system characteristic impedance and a measurement of electrical power. The measurement of optical modulation power is based on a “standard” lightwave receiver whose characteristics are predetermined and known by the LCA. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 52: Calibration Concept

    The instrument lightwave source and receiver are individually characterized in the factory, from Port A to the optical output, and from the optical input to Port B, respectively. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 53 The systematic responses of these two stages of calibration can then be deembedded, yielding the response of the device under test (DUT). (See “Signal Relationships in Opto-electric Devices” on page 46 for more detail.) Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 54: Measuring 75 Ohm Devices

    85036B/E. If not already installed, the adapter characterization VBA macro for the ENA can be downloaded from http://www.keysight.com/main/editorial.jspx? cc=US&lc=eng&ckey=85082&nid=-11143.0.00&id=85082 The adapter characterization procedure is described in detail in an application note. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 55: Triggering Concepts

    "Single", this time window is very short, since the LCA does nothing between the sweeps. In such cases, the running measurements can always be stopped by pressing the "Abort Measurement" button on the LCA Server window. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 56: Measuring At Different Wavelengths And With The External Optical Source Input

    LCA measurements. Next the LCA checks if the "LCA_RxCorr.csv" file is available. • If not, no wavelength correction is applied. • If the file is found, the LCA performs a wavelength correction. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 57: Oe Measurements

    4 When the optimization is finished, transfer the optical power value displayed in the status bar to the "Power" box. OO measurements The principles described above for EO and OE measurements also apply to OO measurements. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 59 User Interface Reference User Interface Reference The LCA Function Keys ......58 Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters .

  • Page 60: The Lca Function Keys

    : If it is not already running, this starts the LCA server. If it is already running, it brings the server to the foreground. For information on further function keys, please refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 61 "Sweeping..." window (with the "Abort" button) is not shown, abort the measurement with the "Abort Measurement" button in the LCA Server window. For more information on triggering measurements, see and to “Triggering Concepts” on page 4-53. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 62: Default And Advanced Measurement Parameters

    Use the advanced parameters for more comprehensive control of your measurements. For example, to use the optical output as the DC light source to an optical modulator as part of an EO measurement. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 63: Saving And Loading Setups

    Devices” on page 88. Second saving method After initializing with the User Calibration mode set to “Measure”, you are asked if you want to save the user calibration data and/or the LCA Setup. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 64: Loading Setups

    • After loading a setup with user calibration mode set to “Load”, the specified calibration file is preselected in the load dialog asking you for the calibration data file during OE or OO initialization. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 65 User Interface Reference For more details, see “Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) Devices” on page 77 or “Measuring Optical-Optical (OO) Devices” on page 88. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 66: The Measurement Parameters

    External Input. Select to turn the laser source on for the following LCA measurement. Deselect to turn the laser source off for the following LCA measurement. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 67 • Select “Once” to automatically optimize the modulator bias at the first measurement after the measurement parameters have been set. This is sufficient for most measurements unless the tester is subject to large changes in environmental conditions. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 68: Optical Path Deembedding

    Deembedding Data Select how you want to specify the characteristics of the optical path. • Parameter lets you characterize the source or receiver optical path by its length and refractive index, and attenuation. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 69: Rf Path Deembedding

    Locate and select the file in the explorer window. RF Path Deembedding Enable Select if you want the LCA to compensate for the RF connections to the DUT. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 70 2. Locate and select the file in the explorer window. 75 Ohm Select if you measure components with 75 W impedance. Insert the s2p file name for the file that characterizes the minimum loss pad. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 71: Tools

    • Deselect to use the the laser source in the optical test set. Optimize ModBias Start an immediate bias optimization for the modulator. Receiver Optical Input Select the input to which your device under test is connected. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 72: Rf Power

    To reset to the factory default, leave the text box empty or enter a value less than -200 dBm. Reset UI The "Reset UI" button resets all LCA settings to default settings. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 73 User Interface Reference Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 75 Making Measurements Making Measurements Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer ..74 Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements75 Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) Devices ....77 Measuring Electro-Optical (EO) Devices .

  • Page 76: Making Measurements

    4. If it is not already running, start the LCA server by pressing , or by clicking the LCA server icon on the desktop. See “The LCA Function Keys” on page 58 for information on displaying the LCA function keys. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 77: Calibrating The Network Analyzer Before Measurements

    85092C #00F or 85092C #00A. When in EO, OE or OO measurement mode, you need to return to EE N O TE measurement mode first before you can perform an electrical calibration Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 78 1 Set your measurement parameters. 2 From the "Calibration" menu, select "ECAL". 3 Select "Unknown Thru": "ON". 4 Select "2-Port Cal". 5 Optionally, you can save the calibration with the instrument state file. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 79: Measuring Opto-Electrical (Oe) Devices

    2 Select the “OE Measurement” tab. 3 Select the wavelength at which you are testing. If you want to use external laser sources, select the optional External Input, and enter the wavelength of the external source. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 80 6 If you have optical components, such as attenuators, fiber optic cables or splitters, between the laser output and your device under test, open and enable the Optical Path Deembedding. Here you can enter the parameters for the optical path Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 81 “Deembedding Data”, select “File”, and enter or select the file. • For accurate measurements, you can also include the optical path in the test circuit without the DUT, and select “Measure” (or “Load”) for User Calibration. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 82 8 Decide what sort of User Calibration you need. • Normally, you do not need extra calibration, that is, select “None”. The LCA measures to specifications under the standard conditions. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 83 • Single-mode angled/straight connector: N4373-87907 Please also refer to the documentation supplied with the patchcord. a Select “Reduce IFBW for user calibration measurement” to reduce noise on the user calibration data. The default Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 84: Making Single-Ended Oe Measurements

    3 To make further measurements with these settings, press to start the measurement. For information on further parameters, please refer to “User Interface Reference” on page 57 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 85: Measuring Electro-Optical (Eo) Devices

    Please refer to the user guide and online help for the network analyzer for further information. Initializing the EO measurement 1 Press 2 Select the “EO Measurement” tab. 3 Select or enter the wavelength at which you are testing. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 86 Here you can enter the parameters for the optical path directly. If you have already characterized the device and have a .s2p file, for “Deembedding Data”, select “File”, and enter or select the file. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 87 If you are using a 75 W minimum loss pad, enable the RF Path Deembedding, and make sure 75 Ohm is selected. Enter or select the file with the characterisation of the minimum loss pad. 7 Click to start the measurement preparation. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 88: Making Single-Ended Eo Measurements

    3 To make further measurements with these settings, press to start the measurement. For information on further parameters, please refer to “User Interface Reference” on page 57. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 89: Returning To Electrical Measurements

    Initializing the EE Measurement as described here removes all the fixturing information in the network analyzer that is specific to the optical test set. 1. Press 2 Make sure the “EE Measurement” tab is selected. 3 Click Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 90: Measuring Optical-Optical (Oo) Devices

    Please refer to the user guide and online help for the network analyzer for further information. Initializing the OO measurement 1 Click 2 Select the “OO Measurement” tab. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 91 Optical Path Deembedding. Here you can enter the parameters for the optical path directly. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 92 If you are calibrating, when the following screen is displayed, make sure the optical output is connected to the optical input using the patchcord supplied. The patchcord has the following part number: • Single-mode angled/angled connector: N4373-87906 • Single-mode angled/straight connector: N4373-87907 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 93 “Also save the LCA Settings” . See “Saving and Loading Setups” on page 61 for more information about LCA setups. • If you will have no need to reuse or refer to this calibration data, click Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 94: Making Oo Measurements

    3 To make further measurements with these settings, press to start the measurement. For information on further parameters, please refer to “User Interface Reference” on page 57 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 95: Measuring Optical Power

    OO measurement used Input 1, you need to 1 Press 2 On the Tools tab, in Receiver, for Optical Input, select Input 2. 3 On the Tools tab, in Receiver, specify the receiver wavelength. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 97 Maintenance Maintenance Cleaning Replacing the Fuse This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel. Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other WARN IN G than those specified in the documentation supplied with your equipment can result in hazardous radiation exposure.

  • Page 98: Cleaning

    If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device, we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer is failure to comply with these requirements. Please follow the following safety rules.

  • Page 99: Why Is It Important To Clean Optical Devices

    • Soft tissues • Pipe cleaner • Compressed air Dust and shutter caps All Keysight Technologies lightwave instruments are delivered with either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapter. Any cables come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or contamination.
  • Page 100 Soft tissues These are available from most stores and distributors of medical and hygiene products such as supermarkets or chemists’ shops. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 101 It is essential that your compressed air is free of dust, water and oil. Only use clean, dry air. If not, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector. This will reduce the performance of your transmission system. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 102 Ultrasonic bath Ultrasonic baths are also available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies. An ultrasonic bath will gently remove fat and other stubborn dirt from your optical devices. This helps increase the life span of the optical devices. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 103 With this card you are able to control the shape of laser light emitted. The invisible laser beam is projected onto the sensor card, then becomes visible to the normal eye as a round spot. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 104: Preserving Connectors

    Wherever possible, do not use immersion oil or other index matching compounds with your device. They are liable to impair and dirty the surface of the device. In addition, the characteristics of your device can be changed and your measurement results affected. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 105: Cleaning Instrument Housings

    If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow one of the procedures below. If you are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 106 3 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement. 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 107 5 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. How to clean bare fiber adapters Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are in use. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 108 Preferred procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the lens by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement. 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 109 Keysight service team. How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface Remove any connector interfaces from the optical output of the instrument before you begin the cleaning procedure. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 110 How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface For instruments with a deeply recessed lens interface (for example the Keysight Technologies 81633A and 81634A Power Sensors) do NOT follow this procedure. Alcohol and compressed air could damage your lens even further.
  • Page 111 1 Put the film on the surface and wait at least 30 minutes to make sure that the film has had enough time to dry. 2 Remove the film and any dirt with special adhesive tapes. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 112 2 Take a new soft tissue and moisten it with isopropyl alcohol. 3 Carefully clean the bare fiber with this tissue. 4 Make your cleave and immediately insert the fiber into your bare fiber adapter in order to protect the surface from dirt. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 113: Replacing The Fuse

    250V, Keysight part number 2110-0007). 5 Put the fuse into the fuse holder. 6 Put the fuse and fuse cap into the receptacle in the rear of the case and press it into place. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 115: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer Event Log This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel. Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other WARN IN G than those specified in the documentation supplied with your equipment can result in hazardous radiation exposure.

  • Page 116: Checking The Operation Of The Lightwave Component Analyzer

    3 Start the equipment and perform an electrical calibration of the network analyzer, as described in “Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer” on page 74. 4 Perform the performance verification, as described in “Performance Quick Check” on page 29. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 117: Event Log

    LCA server. The log file is cleared each time the LCA server is restarted. If you have a problem with the LCA, you can also send the event log file to your Keysight contact person to speed up diagnosis. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 119: Reinstalling And Updating The Software

    Reinstalling and Updating the Software Reinstalling and Updating the Software Backing Up your LCA Data Reinstalling the LCA Software Updating the ENA firmware...

  • Page 120: Backing Up Your Lca Data

    "D" drive of your network analyzer. These directories are not overwritten when performing the network analyzer's system recovery process. Please refer to the user documentation of the network analyzer for information on backing up calibration data. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 121: Reinstalling The Lca Software

    6 Turn on the power of the optical test set. The network analyzer will find the new hardware and will finish the installation of the drivers. When asked if windows should connect to “Windows Update”, answer “No, not this time”. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 122 Or start the LCA server by loading the LCA macros. a Press the “Macro Setup” button on the front panel of the network analyzer. b Select c Select d Select 3 Press Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 123: Updating The Ena Firmware

    After updating the ENA firmware, you also need to apply a patch to the LCA software. Check the LCA support page on the web for these patches. Each patch is related to a particular ENA firmware version. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 125: Definition Of Terms

    Definition of Terms Definition of Terms Definition of Terms....... . 124...

  • Page 126: Definition Of Terms

    Conditions: Time period as specified after modulator auto bias (“modulator optimization”) is performed with the selected wavelength. Other conditions as specified. Measurement: Using an average power meter with averaging time set to 1 s. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 127 • dBe: specifically the ratio of electrical powers (‘e’ for ‘electrical’). • dBm: power level related to 1 mW (electrical or optical). Differences of powers in dBm are written as “dBo” for optical powers or N O TE “dBe” for electrical powers. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 128 StDev , of the measured responsivities R over the repetitions i: × StDev Conditions: fixed cables and unchanged connections. Other conditions as specified. Measurement: using a stable DUT. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 129 Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe). The value is calculated by averaging the measured responsivity in linear space (rather than decibel space) over the modulation frequency within a specified modulation frequency range. Conditions: As specified. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 130 (including optical transmitter and receiver) is designed to supply give measurement results. OMI (optical modulation index) Specifies the Modulated optical power divided by Average output power (optical). Condition: modulation frequency as specified. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 131 (true) responsivity in dBe over modulation frequency, the system relative frequency response uncertainty is ± half the peak-to-peak difference. Conditions: Modulation frequency range as specified. Other conditions as specified. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 132 Responsivity of an O/E or E/O device may be called conversion efficiency. N O TE For an O/O device, R [dBo] = -(insertion loss [dB]). References “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (“GUM”), BIPM, IEC, ISO et al. (1993) Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...

  • Page 133: Specifications

    Specifications Specifications Definitions ........132 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications .

  • Page 134: Definitions

    The angled connector symbol is typically colored green. Measurement conditions • Modulation frequency range from 10 MHz to 4.5 GHz • Foreward and reverse RF power +5 dBm • Number of points 899 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 135 • Specified temperature range: +20° C to +26° C. • After warm-up time of 90 minutes • Using high quality electrical and optical connectors and RF cables in perfect condition • Using supplied RF cables (8120-8862) Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 136 Typical loss at quadrature bias point 9 dB Operating input wavelength range 1290 to 1610 nm LCA RF test port input Maximum safe input level at port A or B +15 dBm RF, 7V DC Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 137 Excluding water absorption wavelength Wavelength within range as specified for LCA optical output After modulation optimization Required source characteristics: SMSR > 35dB, linewidth < 10MHz, power stability < 0.1dB pp, PER > 20dB, unmodulated, single mode. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 138 Specifications Specifications for electrical to optical measurements at 1310 nm (EO mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 network analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions. • At optical input 1 (”+7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (”+17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for 10 dB...
  • Page 139 Specifications Specifications for electrical to optical measurements at 1550 nm (EO mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 network analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions. • At optical input 1 (”+7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (”+17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for 10 dB...
  • Page 140 Specifications Specifications for optical to electrical measurements at 1310 nm (OE mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 network analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions. • For external source optical input all specifications are typical (requires option -100, -102, after CW responsivity and user...
  • Page 141 Specifications Specifications for optical to electrical measurements at 1550 nm (OE mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 network analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions. • For external source optical input all specifications are typical (requires option -101, -102, after CW responsivity and user...
  • Page 142 Specifications Specifications for optical to optical measurements at 1310 nm (OO mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 networrk analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions and after user calibration with LCA optical output set to maximum average power (+4dBm).
  • Page 143 Specifications Specifications for optical to optical measurements at 1550 nm (OO mode) N4374B system with E5071C -245 networrk analyzer Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions and after user calibration with LCA optical output set to maximum average power (+4dBm).
  • Page 144 Specifications Specifications for electrical to electrical measurements (EE mode) All specifications of the E5071C -245 Network Analyzer apply. Please see the corresponding Network Analyzer data sheet and User’s Guide Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 145 Aperture number of points 1 GD Range The maximum group delay is limited to measuring no more than ±180 degrees of phase change within the selected aperture (see the equation for Group Delay). Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 146 -40° C to +70° C Operating temperature range: +5° C to +35° C Humidity: 15 % to 80 % relative humidity, non-condensing Altitude (operating): 0 ... 2000 m Recommended re-calibration period: 1 year Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 147 All laser sources listed above are classified as Class 1M according to IEC 60825-1 (2007). All laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated 2007-June-24. Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 148 Specifications Mechanical Outline Drawings (dimensions in mm) Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 149 Regulatory and Warranty Information Regulatory and Warranty Information Regulatory Information ......148 Declaration of Conformity......149 Warranty .
  • Page 150 This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001. Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada. Table 1 Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration Acoustic Noise Emission LpA < 50 dB Operator position Normal operation per ISO 7779 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 151 Regulatory and Warranty Information Declaration of Conformity Use any of the following web links to search the latest Declaration of Conformity (DoC): http://www.keysight/go/conformity http://regulations.about.keysight.com/DoC/search.htm Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 152 You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements. For more information on repair and calibration services, go to www.keysight.com/find/removealldoubt Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 153 Keysight offers open connectivity for a broad range of systemready instruments, open industry software, PC- standard I/O and global support, which are combined to more easily integrate test system development. www.keysight.com/find/open Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 154 (fax) (080) 769 0900 Latin America: (tel) (305) 269 7500 Taiwan: (tel) 0800 047 866 (fax) 0800 286 331 Other Asia Pacific Countries: (tel) (65) 6375 8100 (fax) (65) 6755 0042 Email: tm_ap@keysight.com Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 155 Technical Support >> Drivers, Firmware & Software Keysight photonic discussion forum www.keysight.com/find/photonic_forum For Network analyzer related literature, please visit: Keysight Network Analyzers: www.keysight.com/find/na Mechanical and Electronic Calibration Kits: www.keysight.com/find/ecal RF Test Accessories, Cabinets, Cables: www.keysight.com/find/accessories Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 157 Ordering Information Ordering Information The N4374 consists of an E5071C-245 4.5GHz ENA and an optical test set which is mechanically connected to the ENA. To protect your network analyzer investments the Keysight offers the integration of an E5071C ENA with the optical test set.
  • Page 158 1 year return-to-Keysight warranty extended to 3 or 5 years R1282A Calibration up front support plan 3 or 5 year coverage Required accessories (to be ordered separately) 85092C 2 port electrical calibration module ( -00F & 00A recommended) Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 159 United States (120 V) 8120-1378 8164B-906 Switzerland 8120-2104 8164B-912 Denmark 8120-3997 8164B-917 Republic of South Africa and India 8120-4211 8164B-918 Japan 8120-4753 8164B-919 Israel 8120-5182 8164B-922 China 8120-8376 8164B-927 Brazil and Thailand 8120-8871 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 161 36, 114 power switch 11 verifying 34 reinstalling 119 data optical calibration backing up 118 instruction manual symbol 10 theory of operation 50 deembedding instrument housing optical path 66 cleaning 103 RF path 67 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 162 64, 69 weight 144 straight connector cable 13, 157 using 26 cable connector 19 sweep setup 75 consumption 13 cord 11 symbols 10 fuse 19 measuring optical 93 requirements 144 temperature 144 switch 16 Keysight N4374B Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide...
  • Page 164 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2017 Edition 4.0, October 2017 www.keysight.com...

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