Packet; Ping; Rarp (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol); Socket - ICP DAS USA PDS-220F Series User Manual

the design and application of optical fibers. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-
optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher
bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communications.

10. Packet

A packet is the unit of data sent across a physical network. It consists of a series of bits
containing data and control information, including the source and the destination node
(host) address, and is formatted for transmission from one node to another.

11. Ping

Ping sends an ICMP echo request message to a host, expecting an ICMP echo reply to
be returned. Normally, if a host cannot be pinged, you won't be able to use Telnet or
FTP to connect to the host. Conversely, if Telnet or FTP cannot be used to connect to
a host, Ping is often the starting point to determine what the problem is.

12. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

RARP provides a method of dynamically mapping 48-bit MAC address to the
corresponding 32-bit IP address.

13. Socket

Each TCP segment contains the source and destination port number that can be used to
identify the sending and receiving application. These two values, along with the source
and destination IP address in the IP header, uniquely identify each connection.
The combination of an IP address and a port number is called a socket.

14. Subnet Mask

The Subnet mask is often simply called the mask. Given its own IP address and its
subnet mask, a host can determine if a TCP/IP packet is destined for a host that is (1)
on its own subnet, or (2) on a different network. If (1), the packet will be delivered
directly; otherwise if the packet will be delivered via gateways or routers.
32-bit IP address
ARP RARP
48-bit MAC address
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