Perkins 1206A-E70TTA Operation And Maintenance Manual page 61

M0090743
Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels
Following kerosene and jet fuel specifications are
acceptable alternative fuels, and may be used on a
contingency base for emergency or continuous use,
where standard diesel fuel is not available and where
legislation allows their use:
• "MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F34 (JP-8)"
• "MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F35"
• "MIL-DTL-5624 NATO F44 (JP-5)"
• "MIL-DTL-38219 (USAF) (JP7)"
• "NATO XF63"
• "ASTM D1655 JET A"
• "ASTM D1655 JET A1"
NOTICE
These fuels are only acceptable when used with ap-
propriate lubricity additive and must meet minimum
requirements that are listed in table 14 . The lubricity
of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of
0.52 mm (0.02047 inch) as per "ISO 12156-1" . Refer
to "Lubricity" and Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner.
Note: Minimum cetane number of 40 is
recommended otherwise cold starting problems or
light load misfire might occur. Since jet fuel
specifications do not mention cetane requirements,
Perkins recommends that a fuel sample is taken to
determine the cetane number.
Note: Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4 cSt
delivered to the fuel injection pump. Cooling of the
fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater
viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Perkins
recommends that the actual viscosity of the fuel, be
measured to determine if a fuel cooler is needed.
Refer to "Viscosity".
Note: Rated power loss of up to 10 percent is
possible due to lower density and lower viscosity of
jet fuels compared to diesel fuels.
Biodiesel Fuel
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from various feedstock. The most commonly
available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed oil.
Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
engines. Without esterification, these oils may gel in
the crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not
be compatible with many of the elastomers that are
used in engines that are manufactured today. In
original forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a
fuel in compression engines. Alternate base stocks
for biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste
cooking oils, or various other feedstocks. To use any
of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil must be
esterified.
Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is normally referred
to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.
Biodiesel can be blended with distillate diesel fuel.
The blends can be used as fuel. The most commonly
available biodiesel blends are B5, which is 5 percent
biodiesel and 95 percent distillate diesel fuel. B20,
which is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent distillate
diesel fuel.
Note: The percentages given are volume-based. The
U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification "ASTM D975-
09a" includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel.
European distillate diesel fuel specification
"EN590:2010" includes up B7 (7 percent) biodiesel.
Note: Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are
certified by use of the prescribed Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certification
fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other
fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility of
using the correct fuel that is recommended by the
manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other
appropriate regulatory agencies.
Specification Requirements
The neat biodiesel must conform to "EN14214" or
"ASTM D6751" (in the USA) and can only be blended
in mixture of up to 20 percent, by volume in
acceptable mineral diesel fuel meeting requirements
that are listed in table 14 or the latest edition of
"EN590" and "ASTM D 975" commercial standards.
This blend is commonly known as B20.
Biodiesel blends are denoted as "BXX" with "XX"
representing the content of neat biodiesel contained
in the blend with mineral diesel fuel (for example B5,
B10, B20).
In United States Biodiesel blends of B6 to B20 must
meet the requirements listed in the latest edition of
"ASTM D7467" (B6 to B20) and must be of an API
gravity of 30-45.
In North America biodiesel and biodiesel blends must
be purchased from the BQ-9000 accredited
producers and BQ-9000 certified distributors.
61
Maintenance Section
General Fuel Information