Landing; Cold Weather Operation; Normal Landing; Short Field Landing - Cessna Hawk XP R172K Pilot Operating Handbook

SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDURES
CESSNA
MODEL R172K
CI';SSNA
MODF.JLR172K
j
Intentional spins with flaps extended are prohib~ted, since the high
speeds which may occur during recovery are potentIally damagrng to
the flap/wing structure.
LANDING
NORMAL LAi'\lDING
Normal landing approaches can be made with power-on or power-
off at speeds of 65-75 KIAS with flaps up, and 60-70 KIAS v:'lth flaps
down. Surface winds and air turbulence are usually the prrmary fac-
tors in determining the most comfortable approach speeds. Steep slips
should be avoided with flap settings greater than 20° due to a slight
tendency for the elevator to oscillate under certain combinations of
airspeed, sideslip angle, and center of gravity loadings.
Actual touchdown should be made with power-off and on the main
wheels first
to
reduce the landing speed and subsequent need for brak-
ing in the landing roll. The nose wheel is lowered to the runway gent-
ly after the speed has diminished to avoid unnecessary nose gea.r
loads. This procedure is especially important in rough or soft held
landings.
SHORT FIELD LANDING
For a short field landing in smooth air conditions. make an approach
at 63 KIAS with full flaps using enough power to control the glide
path. (Slightly higher approach speeds should be used under turb~lent
air conditions.) After all approach obstacles are cleared, progressively
reduce power and maintain the approach speed by lowering the nose of
the airplane. Touchdown should be made with power off and on the
main wheels first. Immediately after touchdown. lower the nose wheel
and apply heavy braking as required. For maximum brake effective-
ness, retract the flaps, hold the control wheel full back, and apply max-
imum brake pressure without slidrng the tires.
CROSSWIND LANDiNG
When landing in a strong crosswind, use the minimum flap setting
required for the field length. If flap settings greater than 20° .are used
in sideslips with full rudder deflection, some elevator oscfl la.tron may
be felt at normal approach speeds. However, this does not affect co~-
trol of the airplane. Although the crab or combination method of dnft
correction may be used, the wing-low method gives the best control.
After touchdown, hold a straight course with the steerable nose wheel
and occasional braking if necessary.
4-20
SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDUrU';S
BALKED LANDiNG
In a balked landing (go-around) climb, reduce the wing flap setting
to 20° immediately after full power is applied and maintain 55 KIAS
until immediate obstacles are cleared. Then slowly retract the wing
flaps after accelerating
to
an airspeed of 65 KIAS. If obstacles must be
cleared during the go-around climb, leave the wing flaps in the 10° to
20° range and maintain 55 KIAS until the obstacles are cleared. Lean
the mixture according to the fuel flow placard. After clearing any
obstacles, the flaps may be retracted as the airplane accelerates to the
normal flaps-up climb speed of 85-95 KIAS.
COLD WEATHER OPERATION
STARTING
Prior to starting on a cold morning, it is advisable to pull the pro-
peller through several times by hand to "break loose" or "limber" the
oil, thus conserving battery energy.
NOTE
When pulling the propeller through by hand, treat it as if
the ignition switch is turned on. A loose or broken
ground wire on either magneto could cause the engine to
fire.
Starting can be expedited by switching the auxiliary fuel pump to
HIGH position and advancing the throttle for a fuel flow of 8-10 gal./hr.
for 3 to 6 seconds.
In extremely cold (-18°C and lower) weather, the use of an external
preheater and an external power source are recommended whenever
possible to obtain positive starting and to reduce wear and abuse
to
the
engine and electrical system. Pre-heat will thaw the oil trapped in the
oil cooler, which probably will be congealed prior to startirig in ex-
tremely cold temperatures. When using an external power source. the
position of the master switch is important. Refer to Section 7 under
Ground Service Plug Receptacle for operating details.
For quick, smooth engine starts in very cold temperatures, use six
strokes of the manual primer before cranking, with an additional one or
two strokes as the engine starts.