Appendix H Ip Subnetting; Chart H-2 Allowed Ip Address Range By Class; Chart H-3 "Natural" Masks - ZyXEL Communications Vantage RADIUS 50 User Manual

Vantage RADIUS User's Guide
Since the first octet of a class "A" IP address must contain a "0", the first octet of a class "A" address can
have a value of 0 to 127.
Similarly the first octet of a class "B" must begin with "10", therefore the first octet of a class "B" address
has a valid range of 128 to 191. The first octet of a class "C" address begins with "110", and therefore has a
range of 192 to 223.
CLASS ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of
the host ID (using a logical AND operation). A subnet mask has 32 bits; each bit of the mask corresponds to
a bit of the IP address. If a bit in the subnet mask is a "1" then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part
of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is "0" then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part
of the host ID.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are. The "natural" masks for
class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.
Subnetting
With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C address no
longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With subnetting, some of the host ID
bits are converted into network number bits. By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous
sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros,
for a total number of 32 bits.
H-2

Chart H-2 Allowed IP Address Range By Class

(BINARY)
00000000 to 01111111
10000000 to 10111111
11000000 to 11011111
11100000 to 11101111

Chart H-3 "Natural" Masks

CLASS
A
B
C
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
0 to 127
128 to 191
192 to 223
224 to 239
NATURAL MASK
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
IP Subnetting