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Keithley 2701 User Manual

Keithley 2701 User Manual

Ethernet-based dmm/data acquisition system

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Model 2701

Ethernet-Based DMM / Data Acquisition System

User's Manual

A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

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Page 1 Model 2701 Ethernet-Based DMM / Data Acquisition System User’s Manual A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E...
Page 2 WARRANTY Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
Page 3 Model 2701 Ethernet-Based DMM / Data Acquisition System User’s Manual ©2002, Keithley Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Third Printing, August 2003 Document Number: 2701-900-01 Rev. C...
Page 4 Revision B (Document Number 2701-900-01) ............November 2002 Revision C (Document Number 2701-900-01) ............... August 2003 All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Page 5 Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages.
Page 6 (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Warranty information ............Contact information ............Safety symbols and terms ........... Inspection ................Battery ................. Options and accessories ............Model 2701 features ..............Plug-in switching modules ............Pseudocards ................. Identifying installed switching modules ......Front and rear panel familiarization.......... 1-11 Front panel summary ............
Page 8 Channel assignments ..............System channel operation ............2-wire functions ..............4-wire functions (paired channels) ........Controlling the system channel ......... 2-10 Non-amp and non-measure switching modules ....2-14 Multiple channel operation ............2-16 Controlling multiple channels ........... 2-17 Multiple channel operation anomalies ......2-22 Dual independent multiplexers ..........
Page 9 Resistance measurements (Ω2 and Ω4) ........3-20 Connections ............... 3-20 Standard resistance measurements ........3-23 Offset-compensated ohms ..........3-24 Measurement methods ............3-25 4-wire common-side (CSID) ohms measurements (7701 module) ............... 3-32 Temperature measurements ............3-33 Thermocouples ..............3-33 Thermistors ............... 3-36 4-wire RTDs ..............
Page 10 Rate and bandwidth ..............Rate ..................Bandwidth ................. 4-10 Scanning ................4-10 Remote programming — rate and bandwidth ....4-11 Filter ..................4-14 Filter characteristics ............4-14 Remote programming — ﬁlter .......... 4-20 Relative, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, and dB Relative ..................
Page 11 Scan conﬁguration ..............7-11 Scan reset ................7-13 Simple scan ............... 7-13 Advanced scan ..............7-14 Setting delay ..............7-18 Monitor channel ..............7-18 Auto channel conﬁguration ..........7-20 Saving setup ..............7-21 Auto scan ................7-21 Scan operation ................7-21 Basic scan ................
Page 12 Limits and Digital I/O Limits ..................Scanning ................Basic limits operation ............Digital I/O ................... Digital input (trigger link input) .......... Digital outputs ..............Setting digital output ............9-10 Scanning ................9-11 Remote programing — limits and digital output ...... 9-12 Limits and digital output commands .........
Page 13 Programming syntax .............. 10-21 Command words ............. 10-21 Query commands ............10-23 Case sensitivity ............... 10-23 Long-form and short-form versions ........ 10-23 Short-form rules .............. 10-24 Program messages ............10-24 Response messages ............10-27 Message exchange protocol ..........10-27 RS-232 interface operation ............ 10-28 Sending and receiving data ..........
Page 14 14-5 SCPI Reference Tables Reference tables ................ 15-2 Specifications Model 2701 Ethernet / Data Acquisition System ...... Model 7700 20-Channel Differential Multiplexer ..... Accuracy calculations ..............Calculating DC characteristics accuracy ......Calculating AC characteristics accuracy ......Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy ......
Page 15 Model 7700 Connection Guide Card conﬁguration — schematic ..........Connections and wiring ............Screw terminals ..............Wiring procedure ............... Typical connections ............Connection log ..............B-10 Status and Error Messages Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Signal processing sequence ............Basic signal processing ............
Page 16 Temperature Equations Thermocouple equation ............. Thermistor equation ..............RTD equations ................KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Introduction ................Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples .......... LabVIEW examples ..............G-12...
Page 17 (continuous triggering) ............ 1-42 Closing and Opening Switching Module Channels Figure 2-1 2-wire system channel connections to Model 2701 DMM ..Figure 2-2 4-wire system channel connections to Model 2701 DMM ..Figure 2-3 System channel operation — closing next or previous measurement channel ............
Page 18 Figure 3-7 DCI and ACI connections using Model 7700 switching module .............. 3-18 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for front panel inputs ..... Figure 3-8 3-21 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for Model 7700 Figure 3-9 switching module .............. 3-22 Figure 3-10 Constant-current method to measure ohms (100Ω...
Page 19 9-15 Figure 9-7 Limits to sort 100Ω resistors (1%, 5%, and >5%) ....9-16 Remote Operations Figure 10-1 Direct 2701 connection to PC ..........10-7 Figure 10-2 Small LAN system using a hub ........... 10-8 Figure 10-3 Isolated LAN system using two NICs (Network Interface Cards) ..........
Page 20 FORMat and Miscellaneous SYSTem Commands Figure 14-1 ASCII data format ..............14-3 Figure 14-2 Key-press codes ..............14-5 Model 7700 Connection Guide Figure B-1 Simplified schematic for Model 7700 ........Figure B-2 Screw terminal access ............Figure B-3 Model 7700 screw terminal channel designations ....Figure B-4 Wire dressing ................
Page 21 List of Tables Getting Started Table 1-1 Model 77xx series switching modules........Table 1-2 Fuse ratings ................1-18 Table 1-3 Display commands..............1-21 Table 1-4 Default settings ..............1-24 Table 1-5 Default setup commands............1-27 Table 1-6 Exercise 1—Measure AC volts - store readings in buffer..1-31 Table 1-7 Exercise 2 —...
Page 22 Buffer Table 6-1 Buffer commands ..............Scanning Table 7-1 Scanning commands.............. 7-28 Table 7-2 External trigger scan example ..........7-34 Table 7-3 Monitor scan example ............7-37 Triggering Table 8-1 Auto delay settings..............Table 8-2 SCPI commands — triggering ..........8-17 Limits and Digital I/O Table 9-1...
Page 23 Table F-6 Type S inverse function polynomial ........Table F-7 Type R inverse function polynomial ........Table F-8 Model 2701 curve ﬁtting constants for thermistors ....Table F-9 Type T inverse function polynomial ........Table F-10 RTD parameters ..............KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Table G-1 Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples ........
Page 25: Getting Started
Front and rear panel familiarization — Summarizes the controls and connectors of the instrument. • Rack mounting — Covers the options available for rack mounting the Model 2701 in a standard 19-inch rack. QS2 • Power-up — Covers line power connection, line voltage setting, fuse replacement, power line frequency, and the power-up sequence.
Page 26: General Information
General information Warranty information Warranty information is located at the front of this manual. Should your Model 2701 require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ﬁll out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility with the necessary information.
Page 27: Safety Symbols And Terms
• Certiﬁcate of calibration. • Model 2701 User’s Manual - PDF on CD-ROM. • Model 2701 Instrument Networking Instruction Manual - Hard copy and PDF on CD-ROM. • Model 2701 Getting started foldout. • Ethernet cross over cable (3-meters in length).
Page 28: Battery
The battery is warranted for 90 days. However, at 23°C, the battery will typically last three years. See Section 3 of the Model 2701 Service Manual to replace the battery. The Keithley part number for the battery is BA-52.
Page 29 Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started Model 7709 — This module is conﬁgured as a 6 × 8 matrix (six rows, eight columns). The matrix consists of 48 crosspoint channels and two backplane isolation channels. For system channel operation, row 1 (8 channels) is connected to DMM Input. For 4-wire measurements, rows 1 and 2 (4 system channels) are connected to the DMM.
Page 30 (database and statistical process control) are available to expand ExceLINX-1A capability. Rack mount kits Model 4288-1 single ﬁxed rack mount kit — Mounts a single Model 2701 in a standard 19-inch rack. Model 4288-2 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2430, 2700, 2701, 6430, 6517A, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Page 31: Model 2701 Features
(Table 1-1). Each channel of a switching module that is closed or scanned is measured by the Model 2701. For scanning, each channel can have its own unique setup (i.e., function, range, digits, etc.). More information on the measurement capabilities of the Model 2701 is provided in “DMM measurement capabilities,”...
Page 32: Plug-In Switching Modules
Model 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7705, 7708, 7709, 7710, 7711, or 7712 switching module is removed while the Model 2701 is on, the instrument will operate as if the module is installed. That is, the Model 2701 will operate as if the pseudocard is installed.
Page 33: Table 1-1 Model 77Xx Series Switching Modules
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started Table 1-1 Model 77xx series switching modules Model 7700 Model 7701 Model 7702 Model 7703 2-pole Operation 20 channels 32 channels 40 channels 32 channels 4-pole Operation 10 channel pairs 16 channel pairs 20 channel pairs...
Page 34 1-10 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 1-1 (continued) Model 77xx series switching modules Models 7711 Model 7709 Model 7710 and 7712 2-pole Operation 8-channels 20 channels 4-pole Operation 4 channel pairs 10 channel pairs 1-pole Operation N/A 8 channels...
Page 35: Front And Rear Panel Familiarization
Use to select a shifted function or operation. LOCAL Cancels remote mode. SHIFT + LOCAL disables keyclick. POWER Power switch. In position turns 2701 on (I), out position turns it off (O). 2 Function and operation keys: Top Row Unshifted Selects DC voltage measurement function.
Page 36 Restores a default setup (factory or *RST) or a saved setup. Enables/disables buffer auto clear, auto scan, and auto channel conﬁguration. Sets timestamp, date, and time. Displays serial number of Model 2701. CONFIG Selects and conﬁgures a simple scan or an advanced scan.
Page 37 Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-13 3 Range keys: Unshifted Dual function—Selects the next higher/lower measurement range for the selected function. When in a menu, these keys make selections or change values. AUTO Enables/disables autorange for the selected function.
Page 38: Rear Panel Summary
Use with INPUT LO for DCI and ACI measurements. Amps fuse holder Holds current fuse for front panel amps input. Rear panel summary The rear panel of Model 2701 is shown in Figure 1-2. As shown, a slot cover is installed on slot 2.
Page 39 100V/120V/220V/240VAC at line frequencies of 50 or 60Hz. 6 Slot 1 and Slot 2 Two slots to accommodate Keithley Model 77xx series switching modules. The Model 2701 is shipped from the factory with slot covers installed. Please note additional slot covers can be requested from Keithley Instruments.
Page 40: Power-Up
Line power frequencies – 45Hz to 66Hz and 360Hz to 440Hz. Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2701 to line power and turn on the instrument. Check to see that the line voltage indicated in the window of the fuse holder assem- (Figure 1-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area.
Page 41: Line Frequency
Fuse Holder Assembly Line frequency The Model 2701 will operate at line frequencies from 45Hz to 66Hz and 360Hz to 440Hz. There are no user-settings for line frequency. It is automatically sensed at power-up. The following command can be used to read the line frequency: SYSTem:LFRequency? ’...
Page 42: Power-Up Sequence
The entire power-up cycle takes approximately 30 seconds. Do not attempt to communicate with the Model 2701 during this time period. Turn on the Model 2701 by pressing in the front panel POWER button. While booting up, the following messages will be brieﬂy displayed:...
Page 43 After the power-up sequence, the instrument begins its normal display of readings. NOTE The serial number of the Model 2701 can be displayed by selecting the SNUM item of the SETUP menu. Press SHIFT and then SETUP to access the menu. For...
Page 44: Keyclick
Appendix Remote programming — display Using remote programming, the Model 2701 can display a custom ASCII message (up to 12 characters). Also, the front panel display and controls can be disabled. Display commands The commands are listed in Table 1-3.
Page 45: Table 1-3 Display Commands
All front panel controls (except LOCAL) are disabled. Normal display operation can be resumed by using the ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 2701 into local mode (press LOCAL). Programming example The following command sequence displays the text message “TESTING”: DISP:TEXT:DATA ’TESTING’...
Page 46: Defaults And User Setups
Model 2701 User’s Manual Defaults and user setups Model 2701 can be restored to one of two default setup conﬁgurations (FACTory or *RST) or ﬁve user-saved (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, SAV3, or SAV4). As shipped from the factory, Model 2701 powers up to the factory (FACT) default settings.
Page 47 If the settings for a user setup or power-on setup do not match the switching module types presently installed in the Model 2701, error +520 (Saved setup scancard mismatch) occurs when the setup is recalled. The scan list will reset to the factory defaults and all channels will open.
Page 48 1-24 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 1-4 Default settings Setting Factory *RST Set Diff Auto channel conﬁguration No (off) No effect Autozero Buffer No effect No effect Auto clear Yes (on) No effect Channel Average Closed channels None...
Page 49: Table 1-4 Default Settings
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-25 Table 1-4 (continued) Default settings Setting Factory *RST Set Diff Limits LO Limit 1 HI Limit 1 LO Limit 2 HI Limit 2 Line Synchronization Math mX+B Scale Factor Offset Units “X” “X”...
Page 50 1-26 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 1-4 (continued) Default settings Setting Factory *RST Set Diff RS-232 No effect No effect Baud rate No effect No effect Flow control No effect No effect Terminator No effect No effect Scanning...
Page 51: Remote Programming - Default And User Setups
Programming example *SAV 2 ’ Save present setup in memory location 2. SYST:POS SAV2 ’ Specify SAV2 setup as the power-on setup. *RST ’ Return 2701 to RST defaults. *RCL 2 ’ Return 2701 to setup stored in memory location 2.
Page 52: Remote Programming Information
Optional command words — In order to be in conformance with the IEEE-488.2 stan- dard, Model 2701 accepts optional command words. Any command word that is enclosed in brackets ([]) is optional and does not have to be included in the program message.
Page 53: Quick Start Exercises
Simple scanning. • Trigger and return readings — remote programming. NOTE For remote operations, you can use the internal web page of the Model 2701 to send commands, queries, and take readings. See “Internal web page” Section 10 for details.
Page 54: Basic Dmm Measurements - Front Panel Inputs
Section 3 for details on basic DMM operation. The Model 2701 is shipped from the factory to power-up to factory defaults. The instru- ment powers up to a setup that continuously measures DC volts. Some of the default set- tings for the DCV function include auto range enabled, 6 -digit resolution, ﬁlter enabled, and slow reading rate.
Page 55: Table 1-6 Exercise 1—Measure Ac Volts - Store Readings In Buffer
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-31 Exercise 1 — Basic DMM measurements The exercise in Table 1-6 measures ACV on the 10V range and stores 15 readings in the buffer. Table 1-6 Exercise 1—Measure AC volts - store readings in buffer...
Page 56: Closing And Opening Channels - System Channel Operation
Model 2701: • For a 2-wire function (i.e., DCV), closing a system channel connects the input to DMM Input of the Model 2701. shows system channel 1 closed. For the Ω2 function, the resistance Figure 1-4 (DUT) would be connected to DMM Input as shown Figure 1-4.
Page 57 When a system channel is closed, the channel number will be displayed on the Model 2701. The slot number for the module is also displayed. For example, “103” indicates that system input channel 3 for a module in slot 1 is closed.
Page 58: Figure 1-6 Front Panel Keys To Close And Open System Channels
1-34 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 1-6 shows the front panel keys used to close and open system channels. Figure 1-6 Front panel keys to close and open system channels Close next measurement channel Press OPEN key Press CLOSE key...
Page 59: Table 1-7 Exercise 2 — Close And Open Channels (System Channel Operation)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-35 Exercise 2 — Closing and opening channels (system channel operation) The exercise in Table 1-7 demonstrates a sequence to close and open channels of a Model 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe.
Page 60: Simple Scanning
NOTE The Model 2701 can also be conﬁgured to run an advanced scan. For an advanced scan, each channel can have its own unique setup (i.e., function, range, etc.). Advanced scanning is covered in...
Page 61: Figure 1-7 Simple Scan Operation
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-37 Figure 1-7 Simple scan operation Step 1. Configure simple scan: Step 2. Run simple scan: Press SHIFT CONFIG Press STEP or SCAN to start Press CONFIG (STEP) SHIFT STEP SCAN STEP SCAN scan...
Page 62: Table 1-8 Exercise 3 — Simple Scanning
1-38 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Exercise 3 — Simple scanning The scanning example in Table 1-8 assumes a Model 7700 installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. The scan will use default settings (DCV) to scan eight channels and store the readings in the buffer.
Page 63: Trigger And Return Readings - Remote Programming
Model 2701 User’s Manual Getting Started 1-39 Trigger and return readings — remote programming There are several commands used to trigger and return readings. The proper commands and sequence to use depend on the trigger state (continuous or non-continuous) and what you are trying to accomplish.
Page 64: Figure 1-8 Exercise 4 — Trigger And Return A Single Reading
1-40 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Exercise 4 — Trigger and return a single reading Exercise 5 — Trigger and return multiple readings Trigger controlled measurements — The instrument is typically used in a non- continuous trigger mode. In this mode, commands are used to trigger one or more readings.
Page 65: Figure 1-9 Exercise 5 — Trigger And Return Multiple Readings
Exercise 5 — Trigger and return multiple readings Clear buffer TRAC:CLE Place 2701 in non-continuous INIT:CONT OFF trigger state TRIG:COUN 1 Trigger Configuration Set 2701 to perform “x” SAMP:COUN x number of measurements (x = 2 to 450000) INIT Trigger and Return READ? 2, 3...
Page 66 1-42 Getting Started Model 2701 User’s Manual Exercise 6 — Return a single reading (continuous triggering) Readings can be returned while the instrument is in the continuous measurement (trigger) mode. Each time a read command is sent, the latest reading is returned. Exercise 6 in...
Page 67: Closing And Opening Switching Module Channels
• Switching module installation and connections — Explains how to install a switching module (or pseudocard) into the Model 2701 mainframe. Also explains where to ﬁnd connection information which should only be performed by qualiﬁed service personnel.
Page 68: Close/Open Overview
Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/open overview NOTE For remote operations, you can use the internal web page of the Model 2701 to send commands, queries, and take readings. See “Internal web page” Section 10 for details.
Page 69 Multiple channel operation should be restricted to experienced test engineers who recognize the dangers associated with multiple channel closures. NOTE The Model 2701 can scan switching module channels. Each channel in the scan can have its own unique setup conﬁguration. Scanning is covered in Section NOTE When a setup is saved as a user setup (SAV0, SAV1, SAV2, SAV3, or SAV4), closed channels are also saved.
Page 70: Switching Module Installation And Connections
Perform the following steps to install a switching module into the Model 2701 mainframe: Turn the Model 2701 off and disconnect the power line cord and any other cable connected to the rear panel. Position the Model 2701 so you are facing the rear panel.
Page 71: Connections
• Before making or breaking connections to the switching module, make sure the Model 2701 is turned off and power is removed from all external circuitry. • Do not connect signals that will exceed the maximum speciﬁcations of switching modules.
Page 72: Pseudocards
A pseudocard cannot be installed from the front panel. However, once it is installed you can take the Model 2701 out of remote and use the front panel. Pressing the LOCAL key takes the Model 2701 out of remote.
Page 73: System Channel Operation
DMM Input of the Model 2701. The system channel number is displayed on the Model 2701. For a 4-wire function (i.e., Ω4), the paired channel for the system channel is internally connected to DMM Sense. The paired channel is not displayed on the Model 2701.
Page 74: 2-Wire Functions
DMM Input of the Model 2701. Assume a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1 of the mainframe. When channel 101 is closed using the system channel close keys, both the Channel 1 relay and the backplane isolation relay (Channel 25) close to connect the channel to the DMM.
Page 75: 4-Wire Functions (Paired Channels)
Channel 23 relay closes to isolate channel 1 from channel 11. The complete simpliﬁed schematic of Model 7700 is provided in Figure 2-12. Figure 2-2 4-wire system channel connections to Model 2701 DMM Model 2701 Slot 1 Model 7700 Switching Module Channel 1 Relay...
Page 76: Controlling The System Channel
2-10 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual Controlling the system channel When a measurement channel is closed, a previous system channel (and, for a 4-wire function, its paired channel) is ﬁrst opened. The closed measurement channel becomes the system channel.
Page 77: Figure 2-4 System Channel Operation — Specifying Measurement Channel To Close
Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-11 Press ENTER to display the prompt to close a channel (CLOSE CH: XXX). Using , , , and , key in the three-digit channel you want to select. Press ENTER. The channel closes and the CHAN annunciator turns on.
Page 78: Figure 2-5 System Channel Operation — Opening All Channels In Mainframe
Model 2701 User’s Manual OPEN key (ALL menu option) The ALL menu option of the OPEN key opens all channels for all switching modules installed in the Model 2701 (Figure 2-5). For example, if a Model 7700 switching module is installed in slot 1, OPEN: ALL will open all measurement channels (101 to 120, 121, and 122), the backplane isolation channels (124 and 125) and the 2-pole/4-pole channel (123).
Page 79: Table 2-1 System Channel Control Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-13 Table 2-1 System channel control commands Commands Description ROUTe:CLOSe <clist> Specify one measurement channel to close. ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? <clist> Query closed channels in specified list (1 = closed). ROUTe:CLOSe? Returns a <clist> of closed measurement channels.
Page 80: Non-Amp And Non-Measure Switching Modules
The following example assumes a Model 7700 installed in slot 1, and the Ω4 function of the Model 2701 is selected. This command sequence connects channel 101 and its paired channel (111) to DMM Input and Sense as shown in Figure 2-2.
Page 81 Making amps measurements — In order to perform amps measurements, you must use the front panel inputs of the 2701 mainframe. You can still use the non-amps module for other aspects of the test, but you must use multiple channel operation to close channels.
Page 82: Multiple Channel Operation
Whatever channels were previously closed, remain closed. • A channel closed using multiple channel operation is not displayed on the Model 2701. Also, the CHAN annunciator does not turn on when a channel is closed. • Opening a channel using multiple channel operation has no affect on other closed channels.
Page 83: Controlling Multiple Channels
Most switching modules use latching relays. That is, closed channels remain closed when the Model 2701 is turned off. Never handle a switching module that is connected to an external source that is turned on. Turn off all power sources before (1) making or breaking connections to the module, and (2) installing (or removing) the module into (or out of) the Model 2701.
Page 84: Figure 2-6 Multiple Channel Operation — Specifying A Channel To Close
2-18 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual CLOSE key (MULTI menu option) The MULTI menu option for the CLOSE key can be used to close any individual channel in the mainframe (Figure 2-6). Perform the following steps to close a channel: NOTE Channels closed by the MULTI option of the CLOSE key are not displayed.
Page 85: Figure 2-7 Multiple Channel Operation — Opening One Or All Channels
Press ENTER to open the channel. NOTE If the channel you open using OPEN: MULTI is the system channel (channel number displayed on the Model 2701), the channel will open, but the system channel number will still be displayed (see “Multiple channel operation anomalies,”...
Page 86: Table 2-2 Multiple Channel Control Commands
2-20 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — Multiple channel control commands The commands to close and open the system channel are listed in Table 2-2 Table 2-2 Multiple channel control commands Commands Description ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe <clist>...
Page 87 Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-21 ROUTe:MULTiple:OPEN <clist> With this command, you can open one or more switching module channels. When you send this command to open the channels speciﬁed in the <clist>, only those listed channels will open. Channels not speciﬁed are not affected.
Page 88: Multiple Channel Operation Anomalies
Use the MULTI option for the OPEN key, open channel 101. Even though channel 101 is still being displayed on the Model 2701, it is channel 102 that is actually connected to the DMM Input (channels 102 and 125 closed).
Page 89 Channel 124 (connects channel 111 to DMM Sense). • Channel 123 (isolates channel 101 from channel 111). The Model 2701 will display the 1kΩ reading for system channel 101. Remote programming: ROUT:CLOS (@101) Using the MULTI option for the OPEN key, open channel 111. This opens the connection to DMM Sense and causes an OVRFLW reading.
Page 90: Dual Independent Multiplexers
(channels 11 through 20). For the dual multiplexer conﬁguration, only Multiplexer A channels can be internally connected to the DMM of the Model 2701. For the Model 7700, closing channel 25 allows channels 1 through 10 to be measured by the DMM.
Page 91: Figure 2-8 Dual Multiplexer Conﬁguration (Model 7700)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-25 Figure 2-8 Dual multiplexer conﬁguration (Model 7700) Ch 1 Multiplexer A Channels (1x10) 2–9 Ch 10 Ch 25 Input Ch 23 Model 2701 (Closed) Ch 24 Ch 11 Sense Channels Multiplexer B...
Page 92 This application demonstrates how to use the Model 7700 as a dual multiplexer to bias and measure 10 DUT. An external source powers DUT, while the DMM of the Model 2701 measures the output of the DUT. To prevent overloading of the external source, each DUT is powered (and measured) separately.
Page 93: Figure 2-9 Dual Multiplexer Application Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-27 Figure 2-9 Dual multiplexer application connections Model 2701 Model 7700 Switching Module External Sense Source Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 10 Input Ch 25 Ch 23 (Closed) Ch 11 Sense Ch 24...
Page 94: Figure 2-10 Testing Dut
2-28 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 2-10 Testing DUT 1 Model 2701 Model 7700 Switching Module External Sense Source Slot 1 Ch 25 Ch 1 Input Ch 23 (Closed) Ch 24 Sense Ch 11 Mutliple channel operation:...
Page 95 Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-29 Open all channels. For most switching modules, channels remain closed after the Model 2701 is turned off. Therefore, it is good safe practice to open all channels at the start and end of the test. Front panel operation: Press OPEN >...
Page 96: Identifying Installed Modules And Viewing Closed Channels
If a Model 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7705, 7708, or 7709 switching module is removed while the Model 2701 is on, the instrument will operate as if the module is installed. That is, the Model 2701 will operate as if the pseudocard is installed.
Page 97: Figure 2-11 Card Menu Tree
Model 2701 User’s Manual Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-31 Figure 2-11 CARD menu tree SHIFT CARD VIEW CONFIG SLOT1: 77XX SLOT2: 77XX SLOT1: 77XX SLOT2: 77XX 77XX = Model number of installed Scrolls Scrolls switching module. Channels Channels CARD: CONFIG — This menu item is used to conﬁgure switching modules. The channels of the Model 7700 switching module and other similar type modules do not need to be conﬁgured.
Page 98: Switching Module Queries (Remote Operation)
For remote operation, the *OPT? command can be used to determine which switching modules (or pseudocards) are installed in the Model 2701. For example, assume a Model 7700 is installed in slot 1 and the other slot is empty. The following message is the...
Page 99 Close/Open Switching Module Channels 2-33 SYSTem:CARD commands There is a series of SYSTem:CARD commands that can be used to acquire the following information about a switching module installed in the Model 2701: • Return the serial number and ﬁrmware revision. •...
Page 100: Relay Closure Count
Model 2701 User’s Manual Relay closure count The Model 2701 keeps an internal count of the number of times each module relay has been closed. The total number of relay closures are stored in EEPROM on the card. This count will help you determine if and when any relays require replacement (see module contact life speciﬁcations).
Page 101: Reading Relay Closure Count
NOTE If the Model 2701 is turned off before the updated count is written to EEPROM, the relay counts will be lost. It is good practice to add the ROUT:CLOS:COUN? <clist>...
Page 102: Model 7700 Switching Module
When the Model 2701 is on the DCV, ACV, Ω2, CONT, Ω4, FREQ, PERIOD, or TEMP function, channels 1 through 20 are available. When on a current function (DCI or ACI), channels 21 and 22 are the only available channels.
Page 103: Schematic Diagram
There are two backplane relays (channels 24 and 25) to connect the input channel(s) to the backplane of the Model 2701. With a 2-wire function (except amps) selected, channel 25 will close, and with a 4-wire function selected, both channels 24 and 25 will close.
Page 104: Figure 2-12 Model 7700 Simpliﬁed Schematic
2-38 Close/Open Switching Module Channels Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 2-12 Model 7700 simpliﬁed schematic Input Sense HI Cold Junction Ref x3 Channel 1 Channel 25 (See Note) (Channels 2–9) Backplane Isolation Channel 10 Input Channel 23 2-Pole (Open) Channel 24...
Page 105: Basic Dmm Operation
Basic DMM Operation • DMM measurement capabilities — Summarizes the measurement capabilities of the Model 2701 and covers maximum signal levels for switching modules. • High energy circuit safety precautions — Provides safety information when performing measurements in high energy circuits.
Page 106: Dmm Measurement Capabilities
Accuracy speciﬁcations for all measurement functions and the Model 7700 switching module are provided in Appendix NOTE For remote operations, you can use the internal web page of the Model 2701 to send commands, queries, and take readings. See “Internal web page” Section 10 for details.
Page 107: High Energy Circuit Safety Precautions
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, the Model 2701 measurement inputs are measurement Category I and signal lines must not be directly connected to AC mains.
Page 108: Performance Considerations
3 meters. Warm-up After the Model 2701 is turned on, it must be allowed to warm up for at least two hours to allow the internal temperature to stabilize. If the instrument has been exposed to extreme temperatures, allow extra warm-up time.
Page 109: Lsync (Line Cycle Synchronization)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation LSYNC (line cycle synchronization) Synchronizing A/D conversions with the frequency of the power line increases common mode and normal mode noise rejection. When line cycle synchronization is enabled, the measurement is initiated at the ﬁrst positive-going zero crossing of the power line cycle after the trigger.
Page 110: Remote Programming - Autozero And Lsync
Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — autozero and LSYNC Autozero and LSYNC commands The commands to control autozero and line synchronization are listed in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Autozero and LSYNC commands Commands Description Default Autozero command* SYSTem:AZERo[:STATe] <b>...
Page 111: Channel List Parameter ()
Basic DMM Operation Channel list parameter (<clist>) Channels of one or more switching modules installed in the Model 2701 can be scanned. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. For example, a channel could be set to measure DCV on the 10V range, while another channel can be set to measure ACV on the 1V range.
Page 112: Voltage Measurements (Dcv And Acv)
Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Voltage measurements (DCV and ACV) The Model 2701 can make DCV measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V and ACV measurements from 0.1µV to 750V RMS, 1000V peak. DCV input resistance: 100V and 1000V ranges: 10MΩ...
Page 113: Figure 3-2 Dcv And Acv Connections Using Front Panel Inputs
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation Figure 3-2 DCV and ACV connections using front panel inputs Model 2701 SENSE INPUT Ω4 WIRE Voltage 350V 1000V PEAK PEAK Source 500V PEAK INPUTS FRONT/REAR 3A 250V AMPS CAT I Input Resistance = 10MΩ on 1000V and 100V ranges;...
Page 114: Figure 3-3 Dcv And Acv Connections Using Model 7700 Switching Module
3-10 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 switching module Connections for the Model 7700 switching module are shown in Figure 3-3. For basic DCV and ACV measurements (Figure 3-3A and B), channels 1 through 20 can be used.
Page 115: Volts Measurement Procedure
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-11 Volts measurement procedure NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R”...
Page 116: Ac Voltage Measurements And Crest Factor
Figure 3-5. The Model 2701 is an AC-coupled RMS meter. For an AC waveform with DC content, the DC component is removed before the RMS is calculated. This affects the crest factor in that the peak value of the waveform is different for a DC coupled waveform and an AC coupled waveform.
Page 117: Figure 3-4 Acv Measurements - Sine Waves
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-13 Figure 3-4 ACV measurements – sine waves Sine Crest Factor: AC coupled RMS: CF = Half-Wave Rectified Sine RMS: CF = /π where; D (duty cycle) = AC coupled RMS: /π) CF = π...
Page 118: Figure 3-5 Acv Measurements - Square, Pulse, And Sawtooth Waves
3-14 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 3-5 ACV measurements – square, pulse, and sawtooth waves Square AC coupled RMS: Crest factor: CF = 1 Rectified square AC coupled RMS: CF = 2 Pulse AC coupled RMS: D(1-D)
Page 119: Low Level Considerations
Therefore, to minimize AC interference, the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the Model 2701 input low (particularly for low level sources). Improper shielding can cause the Model 2701 to behave in one or more of the following ways: •...
Page 120 The REL control can be used to null out constant offset voltages. AC voltage offset The Model 2701, at 5 digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter.
Page 121: Current Measurements (Dci And Aci)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-17 Current measurements (DCI and ACI) The Model 2701 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1µA to 3A RMS. NOTE See the previous discussion about crest factor in “Voltage measurements (DCV...
Page 122: Amps Measurement Procedure
3-18 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 switching module Connections for the Model 7700 switching module are shown in Figure 3-7. Note that only channels 21 and 22 can be used for current measurements. Figure 3-7 DCI and ACI connections using Model 7700 switching module...
Page 123: Amps Fuse Replacement (Front Panel Amps Input)
Install the new fuse by reversing the procedure above. NOTE For the Model 7700 switching module and other similar modules that support the amps function, there are solder mount amps fuses. See the Model 2701 Service Manual for fuse replacement information.
Page 124: Resistance Measurements (Ω2 And Ω4)
Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Resistance measurements (Ω2 and Ω4) The Model 2701 has seven ohms ranges to measure resistance from 100µΩ to 120MΩ. Available measurement ranges include 100Ω, 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 100kΩ, 1MΩ, 10MΩ, and 100MΩ. Information for this topic is structured as follows: •...
Page 125: Figure 3-8 Ω2 And Ω4 Connections For Front Panel Inputs
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-21 Figure 3-8 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for front panel inputs Model 2701 Shielded Optional Shield SENSE Cable INPUT Ω4 WIRE 350V 1000V PEAK PEAK 500V Resistance PEAK INPUTS Under Test FRONT/REAR 3A 250V...
Page 126: Figure 3-9 Ω2 And Ω4 Connections For Model 7700 Switching Module
3-22 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 switching module Connections for the switching module are shown in Figure 3-9. As shown in Figure 3-9A, each of the 20 channels can be used to perform Ω2 measurements. For Ω4 measurements,...
Page 127: Standard Resistance Measurements
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-23 Cable leakage For high resistance measurements in a high humidity environment, use Teﬂon™ insulated cables to minimize errors due to cable leakage. Standard resistance measurements NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “F”...
Page 128: Offset-Compensated Ohms
It includes a ﬂowchart showing where in the processing sequence that the OCOMP operation is performed. For a normal resistance measurement, the Model 2701 sources a current (I) and measures the voltage (V). The resistance (R) is then calculated (R=V/I) and the reading is displayed.
Page 129: Measurement Methods
(i.e., DCV). When Ω 4 is again selected, offset-compensated ohms will be enabled. Measurement methods The Model 2701 uses two methods to measure resistance: • Constant-current source method (100Ω through 1MΩ ranges) – Sources a constant-current to the DUT.
Page 130 For example, for the 100Ω range, the test current is 1mA. Since the voltmeter of the Model 2701 has very high input impedance (>10GΩ), virtually all the test current (1mA) ﬂows through the DUT.
Page 131 Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-27 Figure 3-10 Constant-current method to measure ohms (100Ω to 1MΩ ranges) Ω Ω Ω A) 2-wire ohms ( 2) measurements (100 through 1M ranges) 2701 Input Hi MEAS SOUR MEAS SOUR Input Lo Ω...
Page 132 Since matched input leads are used, the voltage drop for the two test leads are 2 x V LEAD Therefore; V - 2(V MEAS LEAD The Model 2701 still uses Eq. 2 to calculate resistance, but it uses V in place of . This ratiometric method cancels the effects of input test lead resistance. MEAS...
Page 133 Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-29 Figure 3-11 Ratiometric method to measure ohms (10MΩ and 100MΩ ranges) Ω2 Ω Ω A) 2-wire ohms ( ) measurements (10M and 100M Ω 2 Function ranges) Eq. 1: 2701 Input Hi...
Page 134 3-10B, the sense leads connect the voltmeter of the Model 2701 to the DUT. In general, if a test lead for the voltmeter is open, the reading on the Model 2701 will randomly drift due to the high impedance circuitry of the voltmeter. If this were allowed to happen for the Ω4 function, erroneous ohms readings would be...
Page 135: Figure 3-12 Open Ohms Test Lead Detection
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-31 Figure 3-12 Open ohms test lead detection A) Normal 4-wire ohms measurement 2701 Sense HI 100mV S/W Detection Input HI H/W Detection 100mV S/W Detection Ω 100.000 I-Source 100Ω 2701 Reading Input Lo (100Ω...
Page 136: 4-Wire Common-Side (Csid) Ohms Measurements (7701 Module)
3-32 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual 10MΩ and 100MΩ ranges – Open sense lead detection for the 10MΩ and 100MΩ detection is slightly different and is shown in Figure 3-13. Detection is performed at Sense Lo only. Sense Hi is not used. It does not need to be connected to the DUT. When the Sense Lo lead opens, the Sense Lo terminal will drift to -15mV and trip the “OVRFLOW”...
Page 137: Temperature Measurements
(packing list) supplied with the module. Temperature measurements The Model 2701 can measure temperature using thermocouples, thermistors, and 4-wire RTDs. When deciding which temperature sensor to use, keep in mind that the thermocouple is the most versatile, the thermistor is the most sensitive, and the 4-wire RTD is the most stable.
Page 138 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual When you connect a thermocouple directly to the input of the Model 2701, at least one of those connections will be a junction made up of two dissimilar metals. Hence, another voltage is introduced and is algebraically added to the thermocouple voltage. The result will be an erroneous temperature measurement.
Page 139 DMM. If an intermittent open occurs in the thermocouple circuit, the capacitance could cause an erroneous on-scale reading. The Model 2701 has an open thermocouple detection circuit. When enabled, a 10µA pulse of current is applied to the thermocouple before the start of each temperature measurement.
Page 140: Thermistors
Model 2701.“Thermistor equation,” page F-6, provides the equation and the constants used by the Model 2701. It also explains how to select a thermistor when the manufacturer’s constants and the ones used by the Model 2701 do not match.
Page 141: 4-Wire Rtds
The RTD has a metal construction (typically platinum). The resistance of the RTD changes with changes in temperature. The Model 2701 measures the resistance and calculates the temperature reading. When using default RTD parameters, the resistance of the RTD will be 100Ω at 0°C.
Page 142: Connections
3-14A, serves as an excellent cold junction since it is relatively easy to hold the temperature to 0°C. Notice that copper wires are used to connect the thermocouple to the Model 2701 input. NOTE The positive lead of the type T thermocouple is made of copper. Therefore, that lead can be connected directly to the input of the Model 7700.
Page 143: Figure 3-14 Thermocouple Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-39 Figure 3-14 Thermocouple connections Model 2701 Input HI Input LO Thermocouple Copper wires Copper wire to thermocouple Ice Bath wire connection (one of two) A. Simulated reference junction (front panel inputs) Model 7700...
Page 144: Table 3-2 Color Codes — Thermocouple Wires
3-40 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 3-2 Color codes — thermocouple wires T/C type Positive (+) Negative (-) T/C type Positive (+) Negative (-) J U.S. White E U.S. Purple British Yellow Blue British Brown Blue Blue...
Page 145: Figure 3-15 Thermistor Connections
Shown in Figure 3-16 are 4-wire RTD connections to the Model 2701. For the Model 7700 switching module, paired channels are used to perform the 4-wire measurement. The two input leads of the RTD are connected to a primary channel (1 through 10), while the two sense leads are connected to its paired channel (11 through 20).
Page 146: Temperature Measurement Conﬁguration
3-42 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Temperature measurement conﬁguration The Model 2701 is conﬁgured to measure temperature from the temperature measurement conﬁguration menu. Use the following general rules to navigate through the menu structure: • Press SHIFT and then SENSOR to enter the menu structure.
Page 147 Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-43 Table 3-3 Thermocouple temperature measurement conﬁguration Step Menu structure Description UNITS: C, F, or K Select temperature measurement units (°C, °F, or K). SENS: TCOUPLE Select the thermocouple transducer. TYPE: J, K, T, E, R, S, B, or N Select thermocouple type.
Page 148: Table 3-5 Rtd Parameters
3-44 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual 4-wire RTD temperature measurement conﬁguration The Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Ω at 0°C parameters for the ﬁve basic RTD types are provided Table 3-5. Note that these parameters can be modiﬁed using remote programming.
Page 149: Temperature Measurement Procedure
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-45 Temperature measurement procedure NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R”...
Page 150: Frequency And Period Measurements
Gate time The gate time is the amount of time the Model 2701 uses to sample frequency or period readings. Use the RATE key to set the gate time; SLOW sets the gate time to 1.0 sec, MED sets it to 0.1 sec, and FAST sets it to 0.01 sec.
Page 151: Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-47 Connections NOTE When using the front panel inputs, the INPUTS switch must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R” (in) position. Front panel input...
Page 152: Frequency And Period Measurement Procedure
3-48 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Frequency and period measurement procedure NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R”...
Page 153: Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-49 will not beep and either display the resistance reading or the message “OPEN”. If the reading is below 1100Ω, it will be displayed. If the reading is 1100Ωor above, “OPEN” will instead be displayed.
Page 154: Continuity Testing Procedure
3-50 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Continuity testing procedure NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is in the correct position. To use front panel inputs, it must be in the “F” (out) position. For switching modules, it must be in the “R”...
Page 155: Remote Programming For Basic Measurements
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-51 Remote programming for basic measurements Basic measurement commands NOTE When measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled processing operations. Appendix D explains “Data ﬂow (remote operation)” and the commands used to return the various processed readings.
Page 156: Table 3-7 Basic Measurement Commands
3-52 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 3-7 (continued) Basic measurement commands Commands Description Default Ref TEMP function [SENSe[1]] Optional root command. :TEMPerature:TRANsducer <name> Select temperature transducer; <name> = [, <clist>] TCouple, FRTD, or THERmistor. :TEMPerature:TCouple[:TYPE] <type> Select T/C type; <type> = J, K, T, E, [, <clist>]...
Page 157 Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-53 Table 3-7 (continued) Basic measurement commands Commands Description Default Ref PERIOD function :PERiod:THReshold:VOLTage:RANGe Select threshold voltage range; <n> [, <clist>] <n> = 0 to 1010. :PERiod:APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set gate time for PERIOD measurements in secs;...
Page 158 3-54 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Reference FUNCtion <name> [, <clist>] Note that the <name> parameters in the table are enclosed in single quotes (‘ ’). However, double quotes (“ ”) can instead be used. For example: FUNC ‘VOLT:AC’ = FUNC “VOLT:AC”...
Page 159 Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-55 TEMPerature:TCouple:RJUNction:SIMulated <n> [, <clist>] The units for the simulated reference temperature depend on the present temperature measurement units as set by UNIT:TEMPerature (see Ref h). NOTE The following command can instead be used to set the simulated reference temperature: TEMPerature:RJUNction:SIMulated <n>...
Page 160 3-56 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual DATA[:LATest]? DATA:FRESh? These commands do not trigger a reading. They simply return the last reading string. The reading reﬂects what is applied to the input. While the instrument is performing measurements, you can use these commands to return the last reading.
Page 161: Basic Measurement Programming Examples
3-57 Basic measurement programming examples Example #1 — continuous triggering The following command sequence places the Model 2701 in a continuous trigger mode to measure ACV. Whenever DATA? is sent the last measured reading will be sent to the computer.
Page 162: Measurement Queries
3-58 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual Example #4 — Scan conﬁguration (Model 7700) The following commands conﬁgure scan channels 101, 102, and 121 of a Model 7700 installed in slot 1. When channel 101 is scanned, DCV will be selected. When channel 102 is scanned, Ω2 will be selected.
Page 163: Read
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-59 Where appropriate Since this query does not trigger a reading and can give duplicate results, there are not many cases where this command should be used. The “:DATA:FRESh?” query (see page 3-47) is often a better choice. If this query is used, the following conditions should be met: •...
Page 164: Measure[:]
3-60 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual :MEASure[:<function>]? What it does This query will reconﬁgure the instrument to the function speciﬁed in the query, set the trigger source for immediate, set the trigger count to 1, and conﬁgure the measurement parameters to *RST defaults.
Page 165: [:Sense[1]]:Data[:Latest]
Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic DMM Operation 3-61 [:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? What it does This query will return the last reading the instrument had, regardless of what may have invalidated that reading, such as changing ranges or functions. Limitations This query is fully capable of returning meaningless, old data.
Page 166 3-62 Basic DMM Operation Model 2701 User’s Manual One-shot reading, external trigger, auto delay enabled *RST :TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal // Note: Auto trigger delay only takes effect with :TRIGger:DELay:AUTO ON // trigger source set for BUS or EXTernal. :SENSe:FUNCtion ‘VOLTage:DC’ :SENSe:VOLTage:DC:RANGe:AUTO ON...
Page 167: Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, And Filter Range
Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter • Range — Provides details on measurement range selection. Includes the commands for remote programming. • Digits — Provides details on selecting display resolution. Includes the commands for remote programming. • Rate and bandwidth — Provides details on integration rate and bandwidth (for AC measurements).
Page 168: Measurement Ranges And Maximum Readings
Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Range The range setting is “remembered” by each measurement function. When you select a function, the instrument will return to the last range setting for that function. Measurement ranges and maximum readings The selected range affects both accuracy of the measurement as well as the maximum level that can be measured.
Page 169: Manual Ranging
Auto ranging should not be used when optimum speed is required. Note that the AUTO key has no effect on temperature (TEMP). Up-ranging occurs at 120% of range. The Model 2701 will down-range when the reading is <10% of nominal range.
Page 170: Remote Programming - Range
Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — range Range commands The commands to set range are listed in Table 4-2. Additional information on these commands follow the table. NOTE Query commands and some optional command words are not included in Table 4-2.
Page 171 The range is selected by specifying the expected reading as an absolute value using the <n> parameter for the appropriate :RANGe command. The Model 2701 will then go to the most sensitive range for that expected reading. For example, if you expect a reading of approximately 3V, let the parameter (<n>) equal 3 to select the 10V range.
Page 172: Digits
Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Digits The DIGITS key sets display resolution for the Model 2701 from 3 to 6 digits. From the front panel, setting digits for one function affects all the other functions. For example...
Page 173: Table 4-3 Digits Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Table 4-3 Digits commands Commands* Description Default [SENSe[1]] Optional root command. :VOLTage[:DC]:DIGits <n> [, <clist>] Set # of digits for DCV; <n> = 4 to 7. :VOLTage:AC:DIGits <n> [, <clist>] Set # of digits for ACV;...
Page 174: Rate And Bandwidth
Figure 4-1. The Model 2701 is optimized for the 1 PLC to 5 PLC reading rate. At these rates (lowest noise region in graph), the Model 2701 will make corrections for its own internal drift and still be fast enough to settle a step response <100ms.
Page 175: Table 4-4 Rate And Bandwidth Settings
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter The front panel RATE key settings for all but the AC functions are explained as follow: • FAST sets integration time to 0.1 PLC. Use FAST if speed is of primary importance (at the expense of increased reading noise and fewer usable digits).
Page 176: Bandwidth
SLOW) turns on. NOTE The Model 2701 uses internal references to calculate an accurate and stable reading. When the NPLC setting is changed, each reference must be updated to the new NPLC setting before a reading is generated. Therefore, frequent NPLC setting changes can result in slower measurement speed.
Page 177: Remote Programming - Rate And Bandwidth
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-11 Remote programming — rate and bandwidth Rate and bandwidth commands The commands to set the integration rate and bandwidth are listed in Table 4-5. Additional information on these commands follows the table.
Page 178 4-12 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 4-5 (continued) Rate and bandwidth commands 1, 6 Commands Description Default Bandwidth commands [SENSe[1]] :VOLTage:AC:DETector:BANDwidth Set AC bandwidth for ACV in Hertz; <NRf> = <NRf> [, <clist>] 3 to 3e5.
Page 179 Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-13 To set bandwidth, simply specify (approximately) the frequency of the input signal. The instrument will automatically set the bandwidth as follows: <NRf> = 3 to 29 3Hz to 300kHz...
Page 180: Filter
4-14 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Filter The digital ﬁlter is used to stabilize noisy measurements. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is a windowed-average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100).
Page 181: Figure 4-2 Moving And Repeating Filters
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-15 NOTE While the ﬁlter processes readings, the FILT annunciator blinks. Readings that are being displayed while the FILT annunciator blinks are not ﬁnal ﬁltered read- ings. When the FILT annunciator stops blinking, the ﬁlter has settled.
Page 182 4-16 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual If the noise does not exceed the selected window, the reading is based on the average of the reading conversions. If the noise does exceed the selected window, the reading is a single reading conversion and new averaging starts from this point.
Page 183: Figure 4-3 Filter Window
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-17 Figure 4-3 Filter window...
Page 184 4-18 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Filter control and conﬁguration The FILTER key toggles the state of the Filter. When the Filter is enabled, the FILT annunciator is on. The FILT annunciator will ﬂash when the ﬁlter is not settled. When disabled, the FILT annunciator is off.
Page 185: Figure 4-4 Filter Conﬁguration Flow Chart
Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-19 Figure 4-4 Filter conﬁguration ﬂow chart SHIFT TYPE 0.01% 0.1% WINDOW NONE 001 to 100 RDGS REPEAT TYPE MOVNG AV Scanning The moving ﬁlter cannot be used when scanning. A scan channel cannot be conﬁgured to use the moving ﬁlter.
Page 186: Remote Programming - Filter
4-20 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — ﬁlter Filter commands The ﬁlter commands are listed in Table 4-6. Additional information on these commands follow the table. NOTE Query commands are not included in Table 4-6.
Page 187 Model 2701 User’s Manual Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter 4-21 Table 4-6 (continued) Filter commands 1, 4 Commands Description Default Ω 2 ﬁlter commands [SENSe[1]] Optional root command. :RESistance:AVERage:TCONtrol <name> Select ﬁlter type; <name> = MOVing or (Note 2) REPeat.
Page 188 4-22 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter Model 2701 User’s Manual Filter programming examples Example #1 — The following command sequence conﬁgures ﬁltering for the DCI function: NOTE The following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the example named “MAFilter”...
Page 189: Relative, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, And Db Relative
Relative, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, and dB • Relative — Explains how to null an offset or establish a baseline value. Includes the commands for remote programming. • Math — Covers the three basic math operations: mX+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/X).
Page 190: Basic Operation
Selecting a range that cannot accommodate the rel value does not cause an overﬂow condition, but it also does not increase the maximum allowable input for that range. For example, on the 10V range, the Model 2701 still overﬂows for a 12V input. NOTE The various instrument operations, including Relative, are performed on the input signal in a sequential manner.
Page 191 Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB If using a switching module, use the key to select (close) the input channel. If using the front panel inputs (FRONT inputs selected), it does not matter if a switching channel is closed.
Page 192: Remote Programming - Rel
Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — rel Rel commands The rel commands to set range are listed in Table 5-1. Additional information on these commands follow the table. NOTE Query commands are not included in Table 5-1.
Page 193 Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Table 5-1 (continued) Rel commands Commands Description Default Rel commands for Ω 2 [SENSe[1]] Optional root command. :RESistance:REFerence <n> [, <clist>] Specify rel value; <n> = 0 to 120e6 (Ω).
Page 194 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual “Pressing REL” using rel commands When the front panel REL key is pressed, the displayed reading is used as the rel value. Subsequent readings are then the result of the actual input value and the rel value.
Page 195: Math
’ Use input to channel 101 as rel value. VOLT:REF:STAT ON,(@101) ’ Enable rel. Math The Model 2701 has three built-in math calculations that are accessed from the MATH menu: mX+b, percent, and reciprocal (1/X). Figure 5-1 shows the MATH menu tree. Note that the settings shown in the menu tree are the factory defaults.
Page 196: Mx+B
Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual mX+b This math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (X) mathematically according to the following calculation. Y = mX + b where: X is the normal display reading. m and b are the user-entered constants for scale factor and offset.
Page 197: Percent
Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB mX+b rel The mX+b function can be used to manually establish a rel value. To do this, set the scale factor (m) to 1 and set the offset (b) to the rel value. Each subsequent reading will be the difference between the actual input and the rel value (offset).
Page 198: Reciprocal (1/X)
5-10 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Reciprocal (1/X) The reciprocal of a reading is displayed when the reciprocal (1/X) math function is enabled: Reciprocal = 1/X where: X is the normal input reading The displayed units designator for reciprocal readings is “R.” This units designator cannot be changed.
Page 199: Basic Operation
Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB 5-11 Basic operation NOTE If using switching module inputs, make sure the front panel INPUTS switch is set to the REAR position (in). If using the front panel inputs, the switch must be in the FRONT position (out).
Page 200: Remote Programming - Math
5-12 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — math Math commands NOTE When measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled processing operations, including Math. Appendix D explains “Data ﬂow (remote operation),” page D-7 and the commands used to return Math results.
Page 201 Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB 5-13 Setting mX+b units The <char> parameter for CALCulate:KMATh:MUNits must be one character enclosed in single or double quotes. It can be any letter of the alphabet, the degrees symbol (°), or the ohms symbol (Ω).
Page 202 5-14 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Math programming examples Example #1 — The following command sequence performs the mX+b calculation for channels 101 and 102 of the Model 7700. NOTE The following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the example named “Linear”...
Page 203: Ratio And Channel Average
5-15 Ratio and channel average With a switching module installed in the Model 2701, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated and displayed. The ratio calculation can be done on the DCV function and the channel average calculation can be done on the DCV and TEMP (thermocouples only) functions.
Page 204: Basic Operation
5-16 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic operation NOTE Make sure the INPUTS switch is set to the REAR position (in). Select and conﬁgure (range, ﬁlter, rel, etc.) a valid measurement function. For ratio, the only valid function is DCV. For channel average, the only valid functions are DCV and TEMP (TCs only).
Page 205 Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB 5-17 Scanning Ratio and channel average can be used in an advanced scan. The 2-channel scan for the calculation is performed for every primary channel that is scanned. For example, assume the Model 7700 is installed in slot 1 and is conﬁgured to perform the ratio calculation for...
Page 206: Remote Programming - Ratio And Channel Average
5-18 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — ratio and channel average Ratio and channel average commands The ratio and channel average are listed in Table 5-3. Details on these commands follow the table.
Page 207 Model 2701 User’s Manual Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB 5-19 Ratio and channel average programming examples Example #1 — The following command sequence performs the ratio calculation using primary channel 102 of the Model 7700. NOTE The following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the example named “Ratio1”...
Page 208: Remote Programming - Db
= 1µV and V = 1000V. dB conﬁguration Remote programming must be used to conﬁgure the Model 2701 for dB measurements. It cannot be conﬁgured from the front panel. Scanning Typically a scan using dB is conﬁgured and run using remote programming. However, once dB is selected using remote programming, a simple dB scan can be conﬁgured and...
Page 209: Table 5-4 Db Commands
101 is set for the ACV function. Programming examples — dB Example #1 — The following command sequence conﬁgures the Model 2701 to perform DCV dB measurements. A 1V input will be measured as 0dB.
Page 210 5-22 Rel, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, dB Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 211: Buffer
Buffer • Buffer overview — Summarizes basic buffer (data store) capabilities. • Front panel buffer — Explains how to store and recall readings. Discusses the various statistics available on buffer data including minimum and maximum values, average (mean), standard deviation, and peak-to-peak values. •...
Page 212: Buffer Overview
Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer overview The Model 2701 has a data store (buffer) to store from 2 to 450,000 readings. The instrument stores the readings that are displayed during the storage process. Each timestamped reading includes the buffer location number and a timestamp.
Page 213 Buffer NOTE If the buffer is empty when the Model 2701 is turned off, buffer auto clear will enable when it is turned back on. If the buffer is not empty, the instrument will power up to the last auto clear set- ting.
Page 214: Timestamps
ﬁrst reading. Therefore, the timestamp for the 11th reading (#10) is one hour (3600 seconds). When the Model 2701 is turned off, the relative timestamp resets to 0 sec when the instrument is turned back on. If you have readings stored in the buffer and auto clear is disabled when the unit is turned off, subsequent stored readings will be appended to the old group of readings.
Page 215: Storing Readings
ENTER. Storing readings Perform the following steps to store readings: Set up the Model 2701 for the desired configuration. Press the STORE key. Use the , , , and keys to specify the number of readings to store in the buffer (2 to 450000).
Page 216: Recalling Readings
Buffer Model 2701 User’s Manual Recalling readings Readings stored in the buffer are displayed by pressing the RECALL key. The readings are positioned at the left side of the display, while the buffer location number (reading number) and timestamps are positioned at the right side.
Page 217: Buffer Statistics
Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer Figure 6-2 Recalling buffer data — real-time clock timestamp Reading Value Time Date Reading Value Time Date Reading Value Time Date Reading Value Time Date Reading Value Time Date Reading Value Time Date Reading Value...
Page 218: Remote Programming - Buffer
If the standard deviation calculation is being performed on a buffer that has more than 1000 readings, the “CALCULATING” message will ﬂash to indicate that the Model 2701 is busy. While busy with the calculation, front panel keys will not operate. It will take approximately ﬁve seconds to calculate standard deviation on 450,000 readings.
Page 219: Table 6-1 Buffer Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer Table 6-1 Buffer commands Command Description Default SYSTem:TIME <hr, min, sec> Set clock time in 24-hour format. SYSTem:DATE <yr, mo, day> Set clock date; yr speciﬁed as 20xx. SYSTem:TSTamp:TYPE Select timestamp; <name> = RELative or RTCLock.
Page 220 Control (on/off) buffer auto-clear TRACe:CLEar — Used to clear the buffer. Buffer readings are not lost (cleared) when the Model 2701 is turned off. When TRAC:CLE is sent while displaying stored readings, the message “BUF CLEARED” is brieﬂy displayed and the instrument returns to the normal measurement state.
Page 221 Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer 6-11 TRACe:POINts <NRf> Set buffer size (2 to 450000) TRACe:POINts? Query buffer size TRACe:POINts:ACTual? Query # of readings stored in buffer TRACe:POINts <NRf> – With buffer auto-clear enabled, you can set the buffer to store from 2 to 450,000 readings.
Page 222 6-12 Buffer Model 2701 User’s Manual TRACe:DATA? Read buffer Use TRACE:DATA? to retrieve all readings that are stored in the buffer. You can send this command even if the instrument is still storing readings. When TRACe:DATA? is sent, it will return the readings stored up to that point in time. Subsequent TRACe:DATA? commands will not retrieve readings already returned.
Page 223 Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer 6-13 k. TRACe:NOTify <NRf> Specify number of readings that will set Trace Notify bit <NRf> = 1 to 449999 Use this command to specify the number of stored readings that will set bit B6 (Trace Notify) of the measurement event register.
Page 224 Use *OPC or *OPC? with CALC2:IMM and CALC2:IMM? when performing the standard deviation calculation on a large buffer. See Section 12 for details on *OPC and *OPC? NOTE The Model 2701 should take 5 to 6 seconds to perform standard deviation on 450,000 readings.
Page 225: Programming Example
Model 2701 User’s Manual Buffer 6-15 Programming example The following command sequence stores 20 readings in the buffer and then calculates the mean for those readings: NOTE The following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the example named “BufStats”...
Page 226 6-16 Buffer Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 227: Scanning
Scanning • Scanning fundamentals — Explains channel assignments (slot/channel programming format), the difference between sequential and non-sequential scans, and the basic scan process. Block diagrams (known as trigger models) are provided to help explain the STEP and SCAN operations. • Scan conﬁguration —...
Page 228: Scanning Fundamentals
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning fundamentals The Model 2701 can scan the channels of up to two installed Keithley switching modules. Each scan channel can have its own unique setup. Aspects of operation that can be uniquely set for each channel include function, range, rate, AC bandwidth, rel, ﬁlter, digits, math, Ω...
Page 229: Channel Assignments
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning Channel assignments A switching module has a certain number of channels. For example, the Model 7700 switching module has 22 channels (1 through 22). When you encounter a 1 or 2-digit channel number in this manual, the switching module channel is the point of discussion.
Page 230: Scan Process
Therefore, the reading (and annunciators) pertains to the channel and does not necessarily indicate the present state of the Model 2701. If the display is blanked (-------), the displayed channel is closed and has not been measured.
Page 231: Figure 7-1 Trigger Model With Step Function
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning NOTE The trigger model in Figure 7-2 also applies for bus operation. See “Remote programming — scanning,” page 7-26, for differences between front panel and remote scanning. For the following discussion, refer to Figure 7-1...
Page 232: Figure 7-2 Trigger Model With Scan Function
Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 7-2 Trigger model with SCAN function Enable Scan Close First Chan in List Trigger Another Counter Scan? Event Control Detection Source Immediate External Timer Timer Manual* Output Enabled Bus* Trigger Timer Bypass Timer >...
Page 233 After the last channel in the scan list is measured, the Model 2701 outputs a trigger pulse. If programmed to again scan the channels in the scan list, the Model 2701 will wait at the control source for another trigger event. After all the scan list channels are again measured, the Model 2701 will output another trigger pulse.
Page 234 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Immediate control source With immediate triggering, event detection is immediate allowing channels to be scanned. Timer control source With the timer source enabled (selected), event detection is immediately satisﬁed. On the initial pass through the loop, the Timer Bypass is enabled allowing operation to bypass the Timer and continue to the Delay block.
Page 235 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning Delays As shown in the trigger models, operation may be subjected to one or more delays before a channel is measured. NOTE As previously explained, if the timer control source is selected and its user-set interval is greater than the user-set Delay, the Timer interval will supersede the Delay period after the ﬁrst pass through the loop.
Page 236 7-10 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Reading count NOTE For both STEP and SCAN, the reading count speciﬁes the number of readings to store in the buffer. STEP operation — The reading count speciﬁes the number of channels to scan. This can be equal to, less than, or greater than the number of channels in the scan list.
Page 237: Scan Conﬁguration
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-11 Scan conﬁguration A scan is conﬁgured from the scan conﬁguration menu which is accessed by pressing SHIFT and then CONFIG. Figure 7-3 shows the basic ﬂowchart to conﬁgure a scan. After entering the menu structure you can conﬁgure a simple scan, an advanced scan, or reset the conﬁguration to the default setup for a simple scan.
Page 238 7-12 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual There are two scan conﬁgurations: simple and advanced. When you conﬁgure the simple scan, the instrument uses the present instrument setup for each channel in the scan. For the advanced scan, each channel can have its own unique setup. As explained in “Trigger...
Page 239: Scan Reset
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-13 Scan reset From the scan conﬁguration menu, you can reset the scan conﬁguration to the default setup for a simple scan. For the Model 7700 switching module, channels 21 and 22 are turned off (not used) and channels 1 through 20 are conﬁgured as follows:...
Page 240: Advanced Scan
7-14 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual If you enabled the timer, set the timer interval using the hour/minute/second for- mat. The timer can be set from 0.001 sec (00H:00M:00.001S) to 99 hrs, 99 min, 99.999 sec (99H:99M:99.999S). Note that pressing the AUTO key sets the timer to 0.001 sec.
Page 241 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-15 Advanced scan setup notes The CHAN annunciator is on while in the scan setup menu. For some channel-speciﬁc setups, you have to conﬁgure them from a menu. For example, to set up and enable mX+B, you have to use MATH menu. While in that menu, the CHAN annunciator will ﬂash to indicate that you are editing the mX+b...
Page 242 7-16 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Advanced scan setup procedure Step 1: Select the advanced scan conﬁguration menu Press SHIFT and then CONFIG to access the scan setup menu. Press the key to display INT: ADVANCED and press ENTER. Step 2: Edit scan channels...
Page 243 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-17 Step 3: Enable immediate scan The present state of immediate scan (IMM SCAN) is displayed, Y (yes, which is the factory and *RST default) or N (no). With immediate scan enabled, the scan will start when you press the STEP or SCAN key.
Page 244: Setting Delay
7-18 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Setting delay As shown in Figure 7-1 Figure 7-2, a delay (auto or manual) can be set by the user. With auto delay selected, the delay period depends on function and range (Table 8-1).
Page 245 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-19 NOTE An overﬂow reading (“OVRFLW” message displayed) is interpreted by the Model 2701 as a positive reading, even if the input signal is negative. This could inadvertently trigger a monitor scan (see “Scan operation — Monitor scan,”...
Page 246: Auto Channel Conﬁguration
7-20 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Auto channel conﬁguration Auto channel conﬁguration allows you to recall scan list setups. With auto channel conﬁguration enabled, a closed channel assumes the scan list setup. With this feature, you can inspect the channel setups of the scan or manually scan channels. When a scan channel is disabled (not in scan list), it cannot be closed with auto channel conﬁguration...
Page 247: Saving Setup
When auto scan is enabled, the scan operation is saved in memory. If power to the Model 2701 is interrupted, the scan will resume when power is restored. With auto scan enabled, the last scan setup becomes the power-on setup. It takes precedence over the factory, *RST, or user-saved power-on setup.
Page 248: Basic Scan
7-22 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Basic scan Perform the following steps to run the presently conﬁgured scan: To start the scan, press STEP or SCAN. The STEP or SCAN annunciator turns on and channels are scanned from the lowest to highest number channel. Channels that are turned off will not be scanned.
Page 249: Manual/External Trigger Scan
After the last scan is completed, the scan remains enabled (SCAN annunciator on), but the Model 2701 goes into the idle state. If you wish to repeat the scans, you will have to ﬁrst take the Model 2701 out of idle. This can be done by pressing the SCAN (or TRIG) key.
Page 250: Monitor Scan (Analog Trigger)
NOTE An overﬂow reading (“OVRFLW” message displayed) is interpreted by the Model 2701 as a positive reading, even if the input signal is negative. This could inadvertently trigger a monitor scan. For example, assume the monitor channel is monitoring a negative input signal and the instrument is conﬁgured to trigger a monitor scan if a positive input signal is detected.
Page 251 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-25 Press the key to display IMM SCAN: N and press ENTER. Press the key to enable or disable low limit 1 (LLIM1 SCAN:N/Y) and press ENTER. Press the key to enable or disable high limit 1 (HLIM1 SCAN:N/Y) and press ENTER.
Page 252: Remote Programming - Scanning
7-26 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming — scanning NOTE Scanning examples (remote programming and front panel operation) are provided at the end of this section. Trigger model The trigger model for bus operation is shown in Figure 7-2. Bus operation is similar to front panel SCAN operation, with the following signiﬁcant differences:...
Page 253: Channel Setup
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-27 Channel setup The <clist> parameter is used to set up scan channels. For example, the following examples show how to set up scan channel 101: FUNC 'VOLT', (@101) ' Set 101 for DCV. VOLT:RANG 10, (@101) ' Set 101 for 10V range.
Page 254: Table 7-1 Scanning Commands
7-28 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 7-1 Scanning commands Commands Description Default Ref Scan commands ROUTe:SCAN <clist> Specify list of channels to be scanned. ROUTe:SCAN? Returns list of channels to be scanned. ROUTe:SCAN:TSOurce <list> Select trigger(s) to start scan; <list> = IMMediate or HLIMit1, LLIMit1, HLIMit2, LLIMit2.
Page 255 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-29 Table 7-1 (continued) Scanning commands Commands Description Default Ref Buffer commands TRACe:DATA? Read buffer readings. TRACe:CLEar Clear buffer. Channel list parameter: <clist> = (@SCH) where: S = Mainframe slot number (1 or 2) CH = Switching module channel number (must be 2 digits)
Page 256 7-30 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual NOTE Non-sequential scanning is only intended to be performed using remote programming. Unexpected results may occur if a non-sequential scan is run from the front panel. There must be at least two channels in the scan list. Creating a scan list that has only one channel will generate error -221 (settings conﬂict).
Page 257 Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-31 Examples: ROUT:SCAN:TSO IMM ’ Start scan when it is enabled and triggered. ROUT:SCAN:TSO HLIM1,LLIM1 ’ Enable high limits 1 and low limits 1. Note that any reached limit will start the scan. ROUTe:MONitor <clist> — The channel that you specify as the monitor must be a channel that is in the scan list.
Page 258: Scanning Programming Example
7-32 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning programming example The following program will scan 10 channels (101 through 110): NOTE The following example can be run from the KE2700 Instrument Driver using the example named “ScanChan” in Table G-1 Appendix TRAC:CLE ' Clear buffer.
Page 259: Figure 7-4 External Trigger Scan Example
As shown in the operation model, when the scan is enabled, channel 101 closes and the Model 2701 waits for an external trigger. When the trigger is received, channels 101 and 102 are measured. Operation then returns to the control source where it waits for another trigger.
Page 260: Table 7-2 External Trigger Scan Example
7-34 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 7-2 External trigger scan example Front panel operation Remote programming Restore defaults: Restore defaults (SHIFT SETUP > RESTORE: FACT). *RST For front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear buffer and disable...
Page 261: Monitor Scan
30°C, the instrument will remain in the monitor mode. When the temperature reading reaches 30°C, the Model 2701 switches over to the scan mode. Figuratively speaking, it is as if a “ﬁnger” presses the SCAN key when the monitor detects that the average temperature is at or above 30°C.
Page 262: Figure 7-5 Monitor Scan Example
7-36 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 7-5 Monitor scan example Monitor Mode: Close Monitor Channel (101) ≥30˚C SCAN Measure TEMP Scan Mode: Close First Return to Channel Monitor Mode Measurements Open Last Chan Close Next Chan Measure...
Page 263: Table 7-3 Monitor Scan Example
Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning 7-37 Table 7-3 Monitor scan example Front panel operation Remote programming Restore defaults (SHIFT SETUP > RESTORE: FACT). SYST:PRES For front panel operation, proceed to step 3. For remote programming, clear the buffer: TRAC:CLE Conﬁgure advanced scan: SHIFT CONFIG >...
Page 264 7-38 Scanning Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 265: Triggering
Reading hold — Explains the Reading Hold feature which is used to screen out readings that are not within a speciﬁed reading window. • External triggering — Explains external triggering which allows the Model 2701 to trigger and be triggered by other instruments. •...
Page 266: Trigger Model
Triggering Model 2701 User’s Manual Trigger model The ﬂow chart in Figure 8-1 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel. It is called a trigger model because it is modeled after the SCPI commands used to control triggering. NOTE For scanning, the trigger model has additional control blocks, such as a Timer.
Page 267: Control Source And Event Detection
An input trigger via the Trigger Link line EXT TRIG is received. • The front panel TRIG key is pressed. (The Model 2701 must be taken out of remote before it will respond to the TRIG key. Use the LOCAL key or send SYSTem:LOCal over the Ethernet or RS-232.)
Page 268: Table 8-1 Auto Delay Settings
Triggering Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning — When scanning, the nominal delay will be long enough to allow each switch- ing module channel relay to settle before making the measurement. When scanning, the auto delay times in Table 8-1 are valid for all control sources.
Page 269: Device Action
Model 2701 User’s Manual Triggering Device action The primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions (Figure 8-2): Figure 8-2 Device action To Output Trigger From Delay Block Block of Figure 8-1...
Page 270: Reading Hold (Autosettle)
Press DCV to measure DC voltage. Apply the test signal to the input of the Model 2701. Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition, the reading is released and the beeper sounds (if enabled).
Page 271: External Triggering
TRIG key to trigger a single reading. Pressing the EX TRIG key again toggles back to continuous triggers. The Model 2701 uses two lines of the TRIG LINK rear panel connector as External Trigger (EXT TRIG) input and Voltmeter Complete (VMC) output. The EXT TRIG line allows the Model 2701 to be triggered by other instruments.
Page 272: Digital I/O
Digital I/O Pin 6 (Ext Trig) of the Digital I/O can also be used as the external trigger input for the Model 2701. Line 2 of the TRIG LINK is physically connected to pin 6 of the Digital I/O connector.
Page 273: Voltmeter Complete
The VMC output provides a TTL-compatible output pulse that can be used to trigger other instruments. The speciﬁcations for this trigger pulse are shown in Figure 8-5. Typically, you would want the Model 2701 to output a trigger after the settling time of each measurement. Figure 8-5 Trigger link output pulse speciﬁcations (VMC)
Page 274: External Triggering Example
8-7. Trigger Link of the Model 2701 is connected to Trigger Link (either IN or OUT) of the Model 7002. Note that with the default trigger settings on the Model 7002, line #1 is an input and line #2 is an output.
Page 275: Figure 8-7 Trigger Link Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Triggering 8-11 Model 7002 Factory defaults restored Scan list = 1!1-1!400 Number of scans = 1 Channel spacing = TrigLink Figure 8-7 Trigger link connections Trigger Link Model 7002 Trigger Link LINE R A T I N G...
Page 276: Figure 8-8 Operation Model For Triggering Example
Scanned Channels Pressing EX TRIG on the Model 2701 places it at point A in the ﬂowchart, where it is waiting for an external trigger. Pressing STEP on the Model 7002 takes it out of the idle state and places operation at point B in the ﬂow chart.
Page 277: External Triggering With Bnc Connections
(point F) and then loops back to point A where it waits for another input trigger. The trigger applied to the Model 7002 from the Model 2701 closes the next channel in the scan. This triggers the Model 2701 to measure the next DUT. The process continues until all 400 channels are scanned, measured, and stored in the buffer.
Page 278: Remote Programming - Triggering
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programming – triggering Trigger model (remote operation) The following paragraphs describe how the Model 2701 operates for remote operation. The ﬂow chart in Figure 8-10 summarizes operation over the bus. The ﬂow chart is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem.
Page 279: Figure 8-10 Trigger Model (Remote Operation)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Triggering 8-15 Figure 8-10 Trigger model (remote operation) :ABOrt *RCL <NRf> START :SYST:PRES *RST :INIT (:IMM) Idle :INIT:CONT ON Initiate :INIT (:IMM) :INIT:CONT ON :Trigger:Signal Another Trigger Event Control Detection Source :Trigger:Count<n> | INFinity :Trigger:Source Immediate...
Page 280: Trigger Model Operation
MANual — Event detection is satisﬁed by pressing the TRIG key. The Model 2701 must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key. Press the LOCAL key or send SYSTem:LOCal via the Ethernet or RS-232 to remove the instrument from the remote mode.
Page 281: Triggering Commands
Triggering 8-17 Output Trigger — The Model 2701 will send one or more output triggers. The output trigger is applied to the Trigger Link connector on the rear panel. It can be used to trigger an external instrument to perform an operation.
Page 282: Programming Example
Triggering Model 2701 User’s Manual Reference ABORt — With continuous initiation disabled, the 2701 goes into the idle state. With continuous initiation enabled, operation continues at the top of the trigger model. INITiate — Whenever the instrument is operating within the trigger model, sending this command causes an error and will be ignored.
Page 283: Limits And Digital I/O
Limits and Digital I/O • Limits — Explains how to perform limit tests on measured readings. • Digital I/O — Covers the digital I/O port. Explains how the ﬁve digital outputs respond to the results of limit tests. • Remote programming — limits and digital output — Summarizes the commands to perform limit tests and control the digital I/O port.
Page 284: Limits
Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits NOTE Limits cannot be used with the CONT function. When using limits, you can set and control the values that determine the HIGH/IN/LOW status of subsequent measurements. The limit test is performed on the result of an enabled Rel, Math, Ratio, or Channel Average operation.
Page 285 The LOW annunciator is not used for an overﬂow reading. An overﬂow reading is interpreted by the Model 2701 as a positive reading, even if the input signal is negative. That is the reason why the LOW annunciator does not turn on.
Page 286: Scanning
Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual Scanning When a simple scan is conﬁgured, the present limit values and state will apply to all channels in the scan. When an advanced scan is conﬁgured, each channel can have its own unique limits conﬁguration.
Page 287: Digital I/O
Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O Digital I/O Model 2701’s Digital I/O port is accessed at a male DB-9 connector located on the rear panel. The connector location and pin designations are shown in Figure 9-2. Figure 9-2...
Page 288: Digital Outputs
Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual Digital outputs The digital I/O port has ﬁve digital outputs. Each digital output can be used as a sink to control devices (e.g., relays) or as a source to provide input to external logic (TTL or CMOS) circuitry.
Page 289 Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O Logic sense The selected logic sense (active high or active low) determines if an output is pulled high or low when the limit is reached. If logic sense is set high, the output line will be pulled high when the reading reaches or exceeds the limit.
Page 290 Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual Sink mode — controlling external devices Each output can be operated from an external supply (voltage range from +5V to +33V applied through the external device being driven). The high current sink capacity of the output driver allows direct control of relays, solenoids, and lamps (no additional circuitry needed).
Page 291: Figure 9-4 Controlling Externally Powered Relays
Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O Figure 9-4 Controlling externally powered relays Model 2701 Pin 7 - Diode Clamp Relay Coil Digital Output #1 4.75kW Flyback Diode Pull Up Resistor External Power (+5V to +33V) Digital Output Control...
Page 292: Setting Digital Output
CAUTION Each output line can source up to 200µA. Exceeding 200µA may cause damage to Model 2701 that is not covered by the warranty. Figure 9-5 shows how to connect a logic device to one of the output lines. When the output line is pulled high, the transistor will turn off (transistor switch open) to provide a reliable logic high output (>3.75V).
Page 293: Scanning
While limits can be conﬁgured on a per scan channel basis, the digital output conﬁguration cannot. Therefore, for all scan channels that are set to use limits, the digital output will function according to how the Model 2701 is set up when the scan is run.
Page 294: Remote Programing - Limits And Digital Output
9-12 Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote programing — limits and digital output Limits and digital output commands The limits and digital output commands are provided in Table 9-2. Table 9-2 Limits and digital I/O commands Commands...
Page 295 Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O 9-13 NOTE When measurements are performed, the readings are fed to other enabled operations, including Limits. Appendix D explains “Data ﬂow (remote operation)” and the commands used to read the result of limit tests.
Page 296: Limits And Digital Outputs Programming Example
5%. Bin 3 is for resistors that exceed 5% tolerance. The digital outputs of the Model 2701 can be used to further automate the test system by controlling a compatible component handler to perform the binning operations.
Page 297: Figure 9-6 Setup To Test 100Ω Resistors
Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O 9-15 Figure 9-6 Setup to test 100Ω resistors A) Front panel inputs Sense HI Model 2701 Input HI 100Ω Input LO Sense LO B) Model 7700 Model 7700 Switching CH 11-20 CH 1-10...
Page 298: Figure 9-7 Limits To Sort 100Ω Resistors (1%, 5%, And >5%)
9-16 Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual The limits are illustrated in Figure 9-7. Figure 9-7 Limits to sort 100Ω resistors (1%, 5%, and >5%) Beep Beep Beep No Beep (low pitch) (normal pitch) (low pitch) No Beep...
Page 299: Digital Outputs
Model 2701 User’s Manual Limits and Digital I/O 9-17 Digital outputs With the digital outputs of the Model 2701 enabled, the digital outputs will respond as follows for each resistor reading: Resistor Affected LO limit 2 LO limit 1 HI limit 1...
Page 300 9-18 Limits and Digital I/O Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 301: Remote Operations
Front panel aspects of Ethernet operation — Summarizes error messages, status indicators, and using the LOCAL key. • Programming syntax — Describes the basic programming syntax for both common and SCPI commands. • RS-232 interface operation — Outlines use of the RS-232 interface to control the Model 2701.
Page 302: Operation Enhancements
A pseudocard cannot be installed from the front panel. However, once it is installed, you can take the Model 2701 out of remote and use the front panel. When the instrument is turned off, the pseudocard will be lost (uninstalled).
Page 303: Separate Function Setups
10-3. NOTE The Model 2701 has an internal web page. From this web page, you can send commands to the 2701 and take readings. See “Internal web page” for details. Also, supplied TestPoint Runtime start-up software can be used to control the Model 2701.
Page 304: Password
Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Password A user-deﬁned password can be used to disable protected commands. Most Model 2701 commands are protected. When the use of password is enabled, there are commands to either disable or enable the protected commands.
Page 305: Battery
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-5 • Enable protected commands. This takes the Model 2701 out of the password- protected mode. Example using “DEFAULT” as the password: SYSTem:PASSword:CENable “DEFAULT” • Query the password protection state (enabled or disabled). Example: SYSTem:PASSword:CENable:STATe? •...
Page 306: Miscellaneous System Commands
Table 10-1 are system commands to control remote/local operation, re- boot the 2701, and acquire the serial number and revision of the main PC board. System commands not covered in this section are provided in Section 14. All SYSTem commands are listed in Table 15-7.
Page 307: Ethernet Setup
Typical Ethernet systems The four typical Ethernet systems using a Model 2701 are shown in Figures 10-1 through 10-4. The simplest system connects a Model 2701 directly to a PC equipped with a NIC (Network Interface Card) as shown in Figure 10-1.
Page 308: Figure 10-2 Small Lan System Using A Hub
10-8 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Adding a hub as shown in Figure 10-2, expands the system into a small LAN (Local Area Network). The hub allows additional Ethernet instruments to be connected to the PC. Figure 10-2 Small LAN system using a hub...
Page 309: Figure 10-3 Isolated Lan System Using Two Nics (Network Interface Cards)
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-9 Figure 10-3 Isolated LAN system using two NICs (Network Interface Cards) PC with two NICs installed RJ-45 Outlet To other Ethernet resources WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. 10bT...
Page 310: Ethernet Connections
10-5). The Ethernet connector for the Model 2701 is shown in Figure 10-6. With power off, connect one end of the cable to the Model 2701 and connect the other end to the Ethernet connector of the PC, hub, or receptacle. Figure 10-5...
Page 311: Figure 10-6 Model 2701 Ethernet Connector
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-11 Figure 10-6 Model 2701 Ethernet connector 10bT 100bT 10bT status LED 100bT status LED ETHERNET 10/100 BaseT WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. 10bT 100bT CAT I MADE IN U.S.A.
Page 312: Ethernet Settings
• Ethernet gateway • MAC address of the 2701 – This ﬁxed address for the 2701 cannot be changed. Ethernet settings can be made from either the front panel or remote programming. NOTE Error code +550 Unitialized Ethernet module will occur on power-up if the Ethernet settings are corrupt or the MAC address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.
Page 313: Figure 10-7 Flowchart To View Ethernet Settings
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-13 Front panel Ethernet setup The front panel Ethernet menu provides two options: VIEW and SET. The VIEW is used to check the present Ethernet settings. Settings cannot be changed from this menu stucture. The SET option is used to change the Ethernet settings.
Page 314: Figure 10-8 Flowchart To Set Ethernet
Press ENTER See Op Note 2 Op Notes: 1. If Ethernet was off, turning it on will cause the 2701 to re-boot. To change Ethernet settings, return to the beginning of this flowchart and start over. 2. After pressing ENTER for the Gateway4 settting, the 2701 will re-boot.
Page 315: Table 10-2 System Commands For Ethernet
:GATeway <value> Set the Ethernet gateway; “n.n.n.n”. :GATeway? Query the Ethernet gateway. :DHCP <b> Enable or disable Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP). :DHCP? Query state of DHCP. :MAC? Returns MAC address of 2701; 6 hexadecimal values separated by colons (00:60:1A:00:04:0B).
Page 316: Internal Web Page
004 is the Node Designator Subnet mask = 255.255.255.000 As shown above for the IP Address, the Network ID of the 2701 and PC must be the same. The Node Designators must be different. For the Subnet, mask must be the same for the...
Page 317 Using Internet Explorer, a local intranet address is used to open the web page. The web page address is the same as the IP Address of the Model 2701. Assuming the default IP Address is being used, the following intranet address will open the web page: http://192.168.0.2...
Page 318: Figure 10-9 2701 Internal Web Page
10-18 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure 10-9 2701 internal web page 2701 Ethernet settings. 77xx modules information. All settings (except MAC) can be changed. Date and time user Enable or disable went to web site. 2701 password. Can be changed.
Page 319: Figure 10-10 Web Page Control Panel
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-19 Figure 10-10 Web page control panel INTERACTIVE CONTROL PANEL Sending commands and queries Taking readings Continuously Type in command take or query readings Send command View or query readings To send a SCPI command to the instrument, enter the command below and then press the ‘Send’...
Page 320: Front Panel Aspects Of Ethernet Operation
10-20 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Front panel aspects of Ethernet operation This section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of Ethernet operation, includ- ing messages, status indicators, and the LOCAL key. Error and status messages Appendix C for a list of error and status messages associated with programming.
Page 321: Programming Syntax
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-21 Programming syntax The information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and SCPI com- mands. For information not covered here, see the IEEE-488.2 and SCPI standards. See Sections 12 through 15 for more details on common and SCPI commands.
Page 322 10-22 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual <name> Name parameter — Select a parameter name from a listed group. Example: <name> = NEVer = NEXt = ALWays TRACe:FEED:CONTrol NEXt <NRf> Numeric representation format — This parameter is a number that can be expressed as an integer (e.g., 8), a real number (e.g., 23.6), or an exponent...
Page 323: Query Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-23 Query commands This type of command requests (queries) the presently programmed status. It is identiﬁed by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form: TRIGger:TIMer? Queries the timer interval.
Page 324: Short-Form Rules
10-24 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example:...
Page 325 Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-25 Single command messages The above command structure has three levels. The ﬁrst level is made up of the root command (STATus) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another path (:OPERation) and a command (:PRESet).
Page 326 10-26 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Command path rules • Each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.g., [SENSe]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. For fastest operation, do not send optional data.
Page 327: Response Messages
Message exchange protocol Two rules summarize the message exchange protocol: Rule 1. You must always tell the Model 2701 what to send to the computer. The following two steps must always be performed to send information from the instrument to the computer: Send the appropriate query command(s) in a program message.
Page 328: Rs-232 Interface Operation
EXIT. The next command to send buffer data (i.e., TRACe:DATA?) will start at the beginning, rather than where the transmission was halted. Baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the Model 2701 multimeter and the programming terminal communicate. Choose one these available rates: •...
Page 329: Signal Handshaking (Flow Control)
Hardware handshaking can instead be used for ﬂow control. The RS-232 interface provides two control lines (RTS and CTS) for this purpose (see Figure 10-11 Table 10-4.) When the 2701 is ready to send (RTS) data, it will transmit when it receives the clear to send (CTS) signal from the computer.
Page 330: Terminator
10-30 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual Terminator The Model 2701 can be conﬁgured to terminate each program message that it transmits to the controller with any of the following combinations of <CR> and <LF>. <CR> Carriage return <CR+LF> Carriage return and line feed <LF>...
Page 331: Table 10-3 System Commands To Conﬁgure Rs-232
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-31 The commands to select and conﬁgure the RS-232 interface are listed in Table 10-3. Table 10-3 SYSTem commands to conﬁgure RS-232 Command Description :COMMunicate Ethernet and RS-232 (serial) commands: :SELect <name> Select communications mode; SERial or ETHernet...
Page 332: Rs-232 Connections
10-32 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual RS-232 connections The RS-232 serial port is connected to the serial port of a computer using a straight- through RS-232 cable terminated with DB-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (TXD), receive (RXD), ready to send (RTS), clear to send (CTS), and signal ground (GND) lines of the RS-232 standard.
Page 333: Error Messages
Model 2701 User’s Manual Remote Operations 10-33 Table 10-5 provides pinout identiﬁcation for the 9-pin (DB-9) or 25-pin (DB-25) serial port connector on the computer (PC). Table 10-5 PC serial port pinout Signal DB-9 pin # DB-25 pin # DCD, data carrier detect...
Page 334 10-34 Remote Operations Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 335: Status Structure
Status Structure • Overview — Provides an operational overview of the status structure for the Model 2701. • Clearing registers and queues — Covers the actions that clear (reset) registers and queues. • Programming and reading registers — Explains how to program enable registers and read any register in the status structure.
Page 336: Overview
Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Overview The Model 2701 provides a series of status registers and queues allowing the operator to monitor and manipulate the various instrument events. The status structure is shown in Figure 11-1. The heart of the status structure is the Status Byte Register. This register can be read by the user’s test program to determine if a service request (SRQ) has occurred...
Page 337: Figure 11-1 Model 2701 Status Register Structure
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-3 Figure 11-1 Model 2701 status register structure Questionable Questionable Questionable Condition Event Event Enable Register Register Register & & & & Temperature Summary Temp Temp Temp & & & Logical & Calibration Summary &...
Page 338: Clearing Registers And Queues
Model 2701 User’s Manual Clearing registers and queues When the Model 2701 is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0) and the two queues are empty. Commands to reset the event, event...
Page 339: Programming And Reading Registers
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-5 Programming and reading registers Programming enable registers The only registers that can be programmed by the user are the enable registers. All other registers in the status structure are read-only registers. The following explains how to ascertain the parameter values for the various commands used to program enable registers.
Page 340 11-6 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual The <NDN> (non-decimal numeric) parameter type is used to send non-decimal values. These values require a header (#B, #H, or #Q) to identify the data format being sent. The letter in the header can be upper or lower case. The <NRf> (numeric representation format) parameter type is used to send decimal values and does not use a header.
Page 341: Reading Registers
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-7 Reading registers Any register in the status structure can be read by using the appropriate query (?) com- mand. The following explains how to interpret the returned value (response message). The actual query commands are covered later in this section.
Page 342: Status Byte And Service Request (Srq)
11-8 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Status byte and service request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register. Figure 11-3 shows the structure of these registers. Figure 11-3...
Page 343: Service Request Enable Register
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-9 The bits of the Status Byte Register are described as follows: • Bit B0, Measurement Summary Bit (MSB) — Set summary bit indicates that an enabled measurement event has occurred. • Bit B1 — Not used.
Page 344: Status Byte And Service Request Commands
' Read Status Byte Register. Status register sets As shown in Figure 11-1, there are four status register sets in the status structure of the Model 2701: Standard Event Status, Operation Event Status, Measurement Event Status, and Questionable Event Status.
Page 345: Register Bit Descriptions
Bit B0, Operation Complete (OPC) — Set bit indicates that all pending selected device operations are completed and the Model 2701 is ready to accept new com- mands. This bit only sets in response to the *OPC? query command. See Section 12 for details on *OPC and *OPC?.
Page 346 Bit B6, User Request (URQ) — Set bit indicates that the LOCAL key on the • Model 2701 front panel was pressed. • Bit B7, Power On (PON) — Set bit indicates that the Model 2701 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register has been read.
Page 347: Figure 11-5 Operation Event Status
Bits B8, Filter Settled (Filt) — Set bit indicates that the ﬁlter has settled or the ﬁlter is disabled. Bit B9 — Not used. • Bit B10, Idle State (Idle) — Set bit indicates the Model 2701 is in the idle state. • Bits B11 through B15 — Not used. •...
Page 348 11-14 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Measurement event register The used bits of the Measurement Event Register (Figure 11-6) are described as follows: • Bit B0, Reading Overﬂow (ROF) — Set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument.
Page 349: Figure 11-6 Measurement Event Status
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-15 • Bit B13, Buffer Three-Quarter Full (BTF) — Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is three-quarters full. • Bit B14, Master Limit (ML) — Set bit indicates that one or more of the other limits have been reached or exceeded.
Page 350 11-16 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Questionable event register The used bits of the Questionable Event Register (Figure 11-7) are described as follows: • Bits B0 through B3 — Not used. • Bit B4, Temperature Summary (Temp) — Set bit indicates that an invalid refer- ence junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements.
Page 351: Condition Registers
For example, while the Model 2701 is in the idle state, bit B10 (Idle) of the Operation Condition Register will be set. When the instrument is taken out of idle, bit B10 clears.
Page 352: Event Registers
11-18 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Event registers Figure 11-1 shows, each status register set has an event register. When an event occurs, the appropriate event register bit sets to 1. The bit remains latched to 1 until the register is reset.
Page 353: Table 11-6 Event Enable Registers Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-19 Table 11-6 Event enable registers commands Command Description *ESE <NDN> or <NRf> Program Standard Event Enable Register. *ESE? Read Standard Event Enable Register. STATus:OPERation:ENABle <NDN> or <NRf> Program Operation Event Enable Register. STATus:OPERation:ENABle? Read enable register.
Page 354 Example 2 – Read RAV bit of measurement event register The following command sequence demonstrates the proper method to read the RAV bit of the measurement event register: *RST ' Put 2701 in “one-shot” mode. *CLS ' Clear measurement event register. STAT:PRES ' Clear measurement event enable register.
Page 355 TRAC:POIN 500 ' Sets buffer size to 500 readings. TRAC:FEED SENS ' Sets to store raw readings. TRIG:COUN 500 ' Sets 2701 to perform 500 measurements. TRAC:FEED:CONT NEXT ' Enables buffer. INIT ' Starts measurement and storage process. *OPC ' Sets OPC bit B0 of standard event register after the ' measure-store process is finished.
Page 356: Queues
11-22 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual Queues The Model 2701 uses two queues, which are ﬁrst-in, ﬁrst-out (FIFO) registers: • Output Queue — Used to hold reading and response messages. • Error Queue — Used to hold error and status messages.
Page 357: Table 11-7 Error Queue Commands
Model 2701 User’s Manual Status Structure 11-23 On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur. Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue. As listed in Table 11-7, there are commands to enable and/or disable messages.
Page 358 11-24 Status Structure Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 359: Common Commands
Common Commands...
Page 360: Table 12-1 Common Commands And Queries
Returns the model numbers of the switching modules installed in the Model 2701. Returns “NONE” if a slot is empty. *RCL <NRf> Recall command Returns Model 2701 to the user-saved setup (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4). *RST Reset command Returns Model 2701 to the *RST default conditions.
Page 361 When used with the immediate initiation command (:INITiate), the OPC bit in the Standard Event Status Register will not set until the Model 2701 goes back into the idle state. The :INIT command operation is not considered ﬁnished until the Model 2701 goes back into the idle state.
Page 362 When used with the Initiate Immediately command (:INITiate), a “1” will not be placed into the Output Queue until the Model 2701 goes back into the idle state. The :INIT command operation is not considered ﬁnished until the Model 2701 goes back into the idle state.
Page 363 Query installed switching modules Use this query command to determine which switching modules are installed in the Model 2701. For example, if a Model 7703 is installed in slot 1 and the other slot is empty, the response message will look like this: 7703, NONE Note that the model number of an installed pseudocard is returned in the same manner.
Page 364 F *RST — reset Return Model 2701 to RST defaults When the *RST command is sent, Model 2701 performs the following operations: Returns Model 2701 to the RST default conditions (see “Default” column of SCPI tables). Cancels all pending commands.
Page 365 G *TRG — trigger Send bus trigger to Model 2701 Use the *TRG command to issue a trigger to Model 2701. Use the *TRG command as an event to control operation. Model 2701 reacts to this trigger if BUS is the programmed arm control source.
Page 366 See *OPC, *OPC?, and *TRG for more information. The INITiate commands remove the Model 2701 from the idle state. The device operations of :INITiate are not considered complete until the Model 2701 returns to idle. By sending the *WAI command after the INITiate command, all subsequent commands will not execute until the Model 2701 goes back into idle.
Page 367: Scpi Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands...
Page 368: Table 13-1 Signal Oriented Measurement Command Summary
Table 13-1 Signal oriented measurement command summary Command Description CONFigure:<function> [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Places the Model 2701 in a “one-shot” measurement mode for the speciﬁed function. FETCh? Requests the latest reading. READ? Performs an ABORt, INITiate, and FETCh?. MEASure[:<function>]? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Performs an ABORt, CONFigure:<function>, and...
Page 369 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Signal Oriented Commands 13-3 NOTE The CONFigure:<function> and MEASure:<function>? commands can be sent without any of the optional parameters (<rang>, <res>, <clist>). For details, see the “Description” for the CONFigure and MEASure commands. When using the <clist> parameter, it is interpreted as the last parameter. Any parameter after <clist>...
Page 370: Configure: [], [], []
13-4 SCPI Signal Oriented Commands Model 2701 User’s Manual CONFigure:<function> [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] CONFigure:VOLTage[:DC] [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Configure DCV CONFigure:VOLTage:AC [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Configure ACV CONFigure:CURRent[:DC] [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Configure DCI CONFigure:CURRent:AC [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Configure ACI Configure Ω2 CONFigure:RESistance [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Configure Ω4...
Page 371 The count values of the Trigger Model are set to one. • The delay of the Trigger Model is set to zero. • The Model 2701 is placed in the idle state. • All math calculations are disabled. • Buffer operation is disabled. A storage operation presently in process will be aborted.
Page 372: Fetch
Description This command requests the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the Model 2701 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the instrument setup. This command does not trigger a measurement. The command simply requests the last available reading.
Page 373: Read
Buffer operation is covered in Section The buffer of the Model 2701 is nonvolatile. Therefore, readings stored in the buffer are not lost when the instrument is turned off or when *RST or SYSTem:PRESet is sent. When writing test programs that perform multi-sample measurements (SAMPle:COUNTt >1), you may want to add the TRACe:CLEar...
Page 374: Measure:? [], [], []
13-8 SCPI Signal Oriented Commands Model 2701 User’s Manual MEASure:<function>? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] MEASure:VOLTage[:DC]? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Measure DCV MEASure:VOLTage:AC? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Measure ACV MEASure:CURRent[:DC]? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Measure DCI MEASure:CURRent:AC? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Measure ACI Measure Ω2 MEASure:RESistance? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] Measure Ω4...
Page 375 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Signal Oriented Commands 13-9 Depending on the speciﬁed resolution, the measurement rate is set as follows: 6 -digits NPLC = 1.0 Medium 5 -digits NPLC = 0.1Fast or 4 -digits NPLC = 0.01>Fast If resolution is not speciﬁed, 6 -digit resolution and medium speed will be selected when MEAS? is sent.
Page 376 13-10 SCPI Signal Oriented Commands Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 377: Format And Miscellaneous System Commands
FORMat and Miscellaneous SYSTem Commands • FORMat commands — Covers the SCPI commands to conﬁgure the format that readings are transmitted. • Miscellaneous SYSTem commands — Covers miscellaneous SYSTem commands.
Page 378: Format Commands
14-2 FORMat and Misc SYSTem Commands Model 2701 User’s Manual FORMat commands The commands in this subsystem (Table 14-1) are used to select the elements for acquired readings and to select the data format for reading status event registers. NOTE Details on the FORMat:SREGister command are provided in Section 11 (see “Programming and reading registers”).
Page 379: Figure 14-1 Ascii Data Format
TRACe:TSTamp:FORMat ’ Select timestamp format; ABSolute or DELTa. Reading number — The reading counter starts at zero when the Model 2701 is turned on. When returning buffer readings using TRACe:DATA?, each reading will be referenced to the ﬁrst reading, which is #0. The following command will reset the counter: SYSTem:RNUMber:RESet.
Page 380: Miscellaneous System Commands
*OPC or *OPC? should be used with SYST:PRES, which is slow responding command. Details on *OPC and *OPC? are provided in Section SYSTem:VERSion Read the version of the SCPI standard being used by Model 2701. Example response message: 1996.0. SYSTem:KEY <NRf> Parameters...
Page 381: System:beeper[:State]
Enable beeper Figure 14-2 Key-press codes INTEGRA SERIES SENSE INPUT Ω4 WIRE 350V 1000V PEAK PEAK 2701 ETHERNET MULTIMETER / DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM 500V RATIO CH AVG CONT OCOMP MATH O U T P U T PERIOD SENSOR PEAK INPUTS Ω2 Ω4...

Page 382 14-6 FORMat and Misc SYSTem Commands Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 383: Scpi Reference Tables
SCPI Reference Tables...
Page 384: Reference Tables
NOTE The commands listed in the following tables pertain to operation of the Model 2701 and the Model 7700 switching module. For commands that are unique to operation of other switching modules, refer to the packing list provided with each switch module.
Page 385: Table 15-1 Calculate Command Summary
Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-3 Table 15-1 CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI CALCulate[1] Subsystem to control CALC 1: Sec 5 :FORMat <name> Select math format (NONE, MXB, PERCent, or PERCent [<, clist>] RECiprocal). :FORMat? [<clist>] Query math format.
Page 386 15-4 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI CALCulate3 Subsystem to control CALC 3 (limit test): Sec 9 :MLIMit Path for master limit command: :LATChed <b> Enable or disable master limit latch.
Page 387: Table 15-2 Display Command Summary
Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-5 Table 15-1 (continued) CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI CALCulate3 :LIMit2 Path to control LIMIT 2 test: :UPPer Path to conﬁgure upper limit: [:DATA] <n> Set upper limit (-4294967295 to [, <clist>]...
Page 388: Table 15-4 Route Command Summary
15-6 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-3 FORMat command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI FORMat :ELEMents <item list> Specify data elements (READing, CHANnel, (see Note) Sec 14 UNITs, RNUMber, TSTamp, and LIMits). :ELEMents? Query data elements.
Page 389 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-7 Table 15-4 (continued) ROUTe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI ROUTe :MULTiple Path to control multiple channels: Sec 2 :OPEN <clist> Open channel(s) speciﬁed in list. Unlisted channels not affected. :CLOSe <clist>...
Page 390 15-8 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :FUNCtion <name> Select function: ‘VOLTage[:DC]’, VOLT:DC Sec 3 [, <clist>] ‘VOLTage :AC’, ‘CURRent[:DC]’, ‘CURRent:AC’, ‘RESistance’, ‘FRESistance’, ‘TEMPerature’, ‘FREQuency’, ‘PERiod’, ‘CONTinuity’. :FUNCtion? [<clist>] Query function.
Page 391 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-9 Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :VOLTage[:DC] Path to conﬁgure DC voltage. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 392 15-10 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :VOLTage:AC Path to conﬁgure AC voltage. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 393 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-11 Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :CURRent[:DC] Path to conﬁgure DC current. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 394 15-12 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :CURRent:AC Path to conﬁgure AC current. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 395 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-13 Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :RESistance Path to conﬁgure resistance. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 396 15-14 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :FRESistance Path to conﬁgure four-wire resistance. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 397 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-15 Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :TEMPerature Path to conﬁgure temperature: Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Set integration rate in seconds (Note 2) Sec 4 (3.333333e-5 to 1).
Page 398: Table 15-5 Sense Command Summary
15-16 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :TEMPerature :TCouple Path to conﬁgure thermocouple: Sec 3 [:TYPE] <type> Select T/C type (J, K, T, E, R, S, B, N).
Page 399 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-17 Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :FREQuency Path to conﬁgure frequency. Sec 3 :APERture <n> [, <clist>] Sets gate time for frequency Sec 4 measurements in seconds (0.01 to 1.0).
Page 400 15-18 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-5 (continued) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI [SENSe[1]] :CONTinuity Path to conﬁgure continuity test: Sec 3 :THReshold <NRf> Set threshold resistance in ohms (1 to 1000). :THReshold? Query threshold resistance.
Page 401: Table 15-6 Status Command Summary
Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-19 Table 15-6 STATus command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI STATus (Note 1) Sec 11 :MEASurement Measurement event registers: [:EVENt]? Read the event register. (Note 2) :ENABle <NDN> or <NRf> Program the enable register.
Page 402: Table 15-7 System Command Summary
15-20 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-7 SYSTem command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI SYSTem :PRESet Return to :SYST:PRES defaults. Sec 14 :POSetup <name> Select power-on setup: (RST, PRESet, SAV0, Sec 1 SAV1, SAV2, SAV3, or SAV4).
Page 403 Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-21 Table 15-7 (continued) SYSTem command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI SYSTem :CARDX :TCOMpensated? Built-in temperature sensors for T/C cold junction?; 1 = yes, 0 = no. :VCHannel Path to query volts/2-wire channels:...
Page 404 Clears messages from the Error Queue. Sec 11 :VERSion? Query rev level of SCPI standard. Sec 14 :LOCal Take 2701 out of remote and restore operation of front panel controls. :REMote Place 2701 in remote. :RWLock Lockout front panel controls.
Page 405 Ethernet and RS-232 commands: :SELect <name> Select communications mode; ETHernet or SERial. :ETHernet Ethernet: :ADDRess <value> Set IP address of 2701; “n.n.n.n”. :ADDRess? Query IP address of 2701. :MASK <value> Sets the subnet mask; “n.n.n.n”. :MASK? Query subnet mask. :GATeway <value>...
Page 406 SCPI SYSTem :COMMunicate :ETHernet :DHCP? Query state of DHCP. :MAC? Returns MAC address of 2701; 6 hexadecimal values separated by colons (00:60:1A:00:04:0B). :SERial RS-232: :BAUD <n> Set baud rate; 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200.
Page 407: Table 15-8 Trace Command Summary
Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-25 Table 15-8 TRACe command summary Default Command Description parameter* SCPI TRACe|:DATA Use TRACe or DATA as root command. Sec 6 :CLEar Path to clear the buffer. [:IMMediate] Clear the buffer. :AUTO <b>...
Page 408: Table 15-9 Trigger Command Summary
15-26 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual Table 15-9 Trigger command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI INITiate Subsystem command path: Sec 8 [:IMMediate] Initiate one trigger cycle. :CONTinuous <b> Enable or disable continuous initiation. (Note 1) :CONTinuous? Query continuous initiation.
Page 409: Table 15-10 Unit Command Summary
Model 2701 User’s Manual SCPI Reference Tables 15-27 Table 15-10 UNIT command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI UNIT :TEMPerature <name> Select temperature units (C, CEL, F, Sec 3 FAR, or K). :TEMPerature? Query temperature units. :VOLTage Path to conﬁgure voltage units.
Page 410 15-28 SCPI Reference Tables Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 411: Specifications
Speciﬁcations...
Page 412 2701 Ethernet Multimeter/Data Acquisition System DC CHARACTERISTICS CONDITIONS: MED (1 PLC) or 10 PLC or MED (1 PLC) with Digital Filter of 10 ACCURACY: ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) TEST CURRENT INPUT (ppm = parts per million) e.g., 10ppm = 0.001%) ±5% OR...
Page 413 2701 Ethernet Multimeter/Data Acquisition System DC SPEED vs. NOISE REJECTION DC Notes 1. 20% overrange except on 1000V and 3A. RMS Noise 2. Add the following to “ppm of range” uncertainty; 100mV 15ppm, 1V and 100V 2ppm, 100Ω Rate Filter Readings/s...
Page 414 2701 Ethernet Multimeter/Data Acquisition System AC SPECIFICATIONS Accuracy: ±(% of reading + % of range), 23°C ±5°C Calibration 3 Hz- 10 Hz- 20 kHz- 50 kHz- 100 kHz- Function Range Resolution Cycle 10 Hz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz...
Page 415 SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED: Model 1751 Safety Test Leads, Product Information CD-ROM, Model 2701 Networking Manual, Model 2701 Getting Started Foldout, 3m crossover Ethernet cable. Software CD-ROM with IVI/VISA drivers for VB, VC/C++, LabVIEW, TestPoint, and LabWindows/CVI, and free runtime startup software.
Page 416 7700 20-Channel Differential Multiplexer w/Automatic CJC GENERAL Card Input 20 CHANNELS: 20 channels of 2-pole relay input. All channels config- urable to 4-pole. 2 CHANNELS: 2 channels of current only input. Card Sense RELAY TYPE: Latching electromechanical. ACTUATION TIME: <3ms. Cold junction Ref x3 Channel 1...
Page 417: Accuracy Calculations
Model 2701 User’s Manual Specifications Accuracy calculations The information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both DC and AC characteristics. Calculating DC characteristics accuracy DC characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: Accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million and 10ppm = 0.001%)
Page 418: Calculating Dbm Characteristics Accuracy
Specifications Model 2701 User’s Manual Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dBm measurement with a reference impedance of 50Ω, assume an applied signal of 0.998815V. The relationship between voltage and dBm is as follows: ⁄...
Page 419: Calculating Db Characteristics Accuracy
Model 2701 User’s Manual Specifications Calculating dB characteristics accuracy The relationship between voltage and dB is as follows: ----------- - As an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for dB, with a user-deﬁned VREF of 10V, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to the above equation.
Page 420: Optimizing Measurement Accuracy
A-10 Specifications Model 2701 User’s Manual Optimizing measurement accuracy The conﬁgurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. NOTE For maximum system performance, it is recommended that all measurement cables be limited to less than 3 meters.
Page 421: Model 7700 Connection Guide
Model 7700 Connection Guide...
Page 422: Card Conﬁguration - Schematic
AMP and LO common connections to the DMM are also provided. Channel 23 (2W/4W Conﬁguration), Channel 24 (Sense Isolation), and Channel 25 (Input Isolation) are normally automatically conﬁgured by the 2701 for system channel operation. However, by using multiple channel operation (refer to...
Page 423: Figure B-1 Simplified Schematic For Model 7700
Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 Connection Guide Figure B-1 Simpliﬁed schematic for Model 7700 Input Sense HI Cold Junction Ref x3 Channel 1 Channel 25 (See Note) (Channels 2–9) Backplane Isolation Channel 10 Input Channel 23 2-Pole (Open) Channel 24...
Page 424: Connections And Wiring
For details to safely make high energy measurements, see “High energy circuit safety precautions” in Section As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, the Model 2701 is Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains. Screw terminals Figure B-2 shows how to access the screw terminals on the Model 7700.
Page 425: Figure B-2 Screw Terminal Access
Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 Connection Guide Figure B-2 Screw terminal access LOCK CH10 INPUT (V, 2-WIRE) SENSE (OHMS, 4-WIRE) CH17 CH18 CH19 CH20 CH21 CH22 CH11 CH12 CH13 CH14 CH15 CH16 Figure B-3 Model 7700 screw terminal channel designations...
Page 426: Wiring Procedure
Model 7700 Connection Guide Model 2701 User’s Manual Wiring procedure Use the following procedure to wire the Model 7700 module. Make all connections using correct wire size (up to 20 AWG). Also, make sure to add supplementary insulation around the harness for voltages above 42V peak (Figure B-4).
Page 427: Figure B-4 Wire Dressing
Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 Connection Guide Figure B-4 Wire dressing Cable INPUT 2-WIRE) CH10 INPUT (V, 2-WIRE) Supplementary SENSE Insulation (OHMS, 4-WIRE) CH17 CH18 CH19 CH20 CH21 CH22 CH11 CH12 CH13 CH14 CH15 CH16...
Page 428: Typical Connections
Model 7700 Connection Guide Model 2701 User’s Manual Typical connections The following examples show typical wiring connections for the following types of measurements: • Thermocouple connections, Figure B-5 Ω2-Wire and thermistor connections, • Figure B-6 Ω4-Wire and RTD connections, •...
Page 429: Figure B-7 Ω4-Wire And Rtd Connections
Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 Connection Guide Figure B-7 Ω4-Wire and RTD connections Resistor or Channel 1 4-Wire RTD (Channels 2-9) Resistor or Channel 10 4-Wire RTD Channel 11 (Channels 12-19) Channel 20 Figure B-8 Current connections (AC or DC)
Page 430: Connection Log
B-10 Model 7700 Connection Guide Model 2701 User’s Manual Figure B-9 Voltage connections (DC or AC) DC Voltage AC Voltage Channel 1 (Channels 2-19) Channel 20 Connection log Make a copy of Table B-1 and afﬁx it to the cover of the Model 7700. Use this to record...
Page 431: Table B-1 Connection Log Model 7700
Model 2701 User’s Manual Model 7700 Connection Guide B-11 Table B-1 Connection log Model 7700 Channel Color Description AMPS COM INPUT SENSE CH10 CH11 CH12 CH13 CH14 CH15 CH16 CH17 CH18 CH19 CH20 AMPS 21 AMPS 22...
Page 432 B-12 Model 7700 Connection Guide Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 433: Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages...
Page 434: Table C-1 Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages Model 2701 User’s Manual Table C-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event -440 Query unterminated after indeﬁnite response -430 Query deadlocked -420 Query unterminated -410 Query interrupted -363 Input buffer overrun -350 Queue overﬂow -330...
Page 435 Model 2701 User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Table C-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Description Event -158 String data not allowed -154 String too long -151 Invalid string data -150 String data error -148 Character data not allowed...
Page 436 Status and Error Messages Model 2701 User’s Manual Table C-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Description Event +101 Operation complete +121 Device calibrating +122 Device settling +123 Device ranging +124 Device sweeping +125 Device measuring +126 Device calculating +161...
Page 437 Model 2701 User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Table C-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Description Event Calibration messages: +400 10vdc zero error +401 100vdc zero error +402 10vdc full scale error +403 -10vdc full scale error +404 100vdc full scale error...
Page 438 Status and Error Messages Model 2701 User’s Manual Table C-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Description Event +456 1 vac zero error +457 1 vac full scale error +458 1 vac noise error +459 10 vac zero error +460...
Page 439 Model 2701 User’s Manual Status and Error Messages Table C-1 (continued) Status and error messages Number Description Event +496 1 4-w dckt Ioff zero error +497 1 4-w dckt Ion zero error +498 1 4-w dckt Ion full scale error...
Page 440 Status and Error Messages Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 441 Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow...
Page 442: Signal Processing Sequence And Data Flow
ﬂowchart that shows the basic processing sequence of an input signal. With all the various features (ﬁlter, rel, math, ratio, channel average, buffer, etc.) of the Model 2701 disabled, the input signal is conditioned and measured (A/D conversion process). The reading is then displayed on the Model 2701.
Page 443: Signal Processing Using Instrument Features
Model 2701 User’s Manual Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Signal processing using instrument features Figure D-2 shows the processing sequence for an input signal with various instrument features enabled. If a feature is not enabled, the reading simply falls through to the next enabled feature or to the display.
Page 444 4-14. Output trigger pulse (VMC) An output trigger pulse from the Model 2701 can be used to trigger an external instrument to perform an operation. In general, a trigger pulse is the output at this point in the ﬂowchart for each processed reading.
Page 445 The reading that is applied to the Limits block in the ﬂow chart is not modiﬁed and is the reading that is displayed on the Model 2701. With Limits enabled, the reading is tested against two sets of high and low limits. Along with the displayed reading, annunciators and messages are used to indicate the result of the limits testing.
Page 446: Signal Processing Using Ratio Or Ch Avg
Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Model 2701 User’s Manual Signal processing using Ratio or Ch Avg With a switching module installed, the ratio or average of two channels can be calculated. Figure D-3 shows where Ratio or Ch Avg is calculated in the signal processing sequence.
Page 447: Data Flow (Remote Operation
Model 2701 User’s Manual Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Data ﬂow (remote operation) Remote operation can be used with triggering conﬁgured to perform a speciﬁed number of measurements and then stop. The various read commands (SENS:DATA?, FETCh?, READ?, MEAS?, CALC2:DATA?, TRACe:DATA?, and CALC1:DATA?) return the data array(s) acquired during the measurement cycle.
Page 448: Sense And Sample Buffer
Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Model 2701 User’s Manual NOTE For the following discussion, a “data array” is deﬁned as the group of data elements that are included with each measured reading. Each data array includes the reading, as well as the channel, reading number, units, timestamp, and limits result (see “FORMat:ELEMents <item list>,”...
Page 449: [Sens[1]]:Data[Latest]
That is, the data array reading must be “fresh.” Sending this command again to read the same (stale) data array will not work. It will generate an error (-230; data corrupt or stale) or cause the Model 2701 to time-out. In order for DATA:FRESh? to respond, you must ﬁrst trigger a new (fresh) reading.
Page 450: Fetch
D-10 Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Model 2701 User’s Manual FETCh? READ? MEASure? CALC[1]:DATA[LATest]? CALC[1]:DATA:FRESh? As shown in Figure D-4, these commands are used to read data arrays output from the CALC1 Math block. However, if there is no math function enabled, these commands read the data arrays in the sample buffer.
Page 451: Calc3:Lim1:Fail
Model 2701 User’s Manual Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow D-11 MEASure? The MEASure? command places the instrument in a “one-shot” measurement mode (which places one data array in the sample buffer) and then performs a READ?. With no math function enabled, the one data array in the sample buffer is read. With a math function enabled, the reading is the result of the math calculation.
Page 452: Calc2:Imm
D-12 Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Model 2701 User’s Manual CALC2:IMM? CALC2:IMM CALC2:DATA? Statistical information (minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak) is available for the readings stored in the buffer (data store). When the desired calculation is selected (using the CALC2:FORMat command) and CALC2 is enabled (CALC2:STATe ON), use the CALC2:IMM? or CALC2:IMM command to perform the calculation: •...
Page 453: Scanning
Model 2701 User’s Manual Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow D-13 Scanning For remote operation, scanning is normally performed with continuous initiation disabled (INIT:CONT OFF). The sample count (SAMP:COUNt) speciﬁes the number of channels to scan and store in the buffers (sample buffer and data store); the trigger count (TRIG:COUNt) speciﬁes the number of scans to perform.
Page 454 D-14 Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 455: Measurement Considerations
Measurement Considerations...
Page 456: Thermoelectric Potentials
Model 2701 User’s Manual Measurement considerations Low-level voltage measurements made using the Model 2701 can be adversely affected by various types of noise or other unwanted signals that can make it very difﬁcult to obtain accurate voltage readings. Some of the phenomena that can cause unwanted noise include thermoelectric effects (thermocouple action), source resistance noise, magnetic ﬁelds, and...
Page 457: Thermoelectric Generation
Model 2701 User’s Manual Measurement Considerations Thermoelectric generation Figure E-1 shows a representation of how thermal EMFs are generated. The test leads are made of the A material, while the source under test is the B material. The temperatures between the junctions are shown as T and T .
Page 458: Minimizing Thermal Emfs
Even if all reasonable precautions are taken, some residual thermal offsets may still be present. These offsets can be minimized by using the Model 2701 Relative feature to null them out. To do so, place the instrument on the 3mV range and short the end of the connecting cable nearest the measured source (ﬁrst disconnect the cable from the source to...
Page 459: Source Resistance Noise
Source resistance noise Noise present in the source resistance is often the limiting factor in the ultimate resolution and accuracy of Model 2701 measurements. The following paragraphs discuss the generation of Johnson noise as well as ways to minimize such noise.
Page 460: Magnetic Fields
Fields can be produced by various sources, such as the AC power line voltage. Large inductors such as power transformers can generate substantial magnetic ﬁelds, so care must be taken to keep the Model 2701 voltage source and connecting cables a good distance away from these potential noise sources.
Page 461: Figure E-2 Power Line Ground Loops
Here, only one instrument is connected to power line ground. Ground loops are not normally a problem with instruments like the Model 2701 that have isolated LO terminals. However, all instruments in the test setup may not be designed in this manner.
Page 462: Shielding
Measurement Considerations Model 2701 User’s Manual Shielding WARNING Do not ﬂoat input LO more than 30V rms, 42.4V peak above earth ground with an exposed shield connected to input LO. To avoid a possible shock hazard, surround the LO shield with a second safety shield that is insulated from the inner shield.
Page 463: Meter Loading
------------------ - Percent error From the above equation, it is obvious that the input resistance of the Model 2701 must be at least 999 times the value of source resistance if loading error is to be kept to within 0.1%.
Page 464 E-10 Measurement Considerations Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 465: Temperature Equations
Temperature Equations • Thermocouple equation — Documents the ITS-90 inverse function polynomial and the coefﬁcients to calculate thermocouple temperature. • Thermistor equation — Documents the Steinhart-Hart equation which is used to calculate thermistor temperature. • RTD equation — Documents the Callendar-Van Dusen equation which is used to calculate the temperature vs.
Page 466: Thermocouple Equation
Temperature Equations Model 2701 User’s Manual Thermocouple equation The Model 2701 uses the ITS-90 inverse function coefﬁcients for the polynomial to calculate thermocouple temperature. The Model 2701 measures the thermocouple voltage and then calculates temperature (in °C) as follows: E + c ...
Page 467: Table F-2 Type E Inverse Function Polynomial
Model 2701 User’s Manual Temperature Equations Table F-2 Type E inverse function polynomial -200°C to 0°C 0°C to 1,000°C (-8,825µV to 0µV) (0µV to 76,373µV) 1.697 728 8 × 10 1.705 703 5 × 10 -4.351 497 0 × 10 -2.330 175 9 ×...
Page 468 Temperature Equations Model 2701 User’s Manual Table F-4 Type K inverse function polynomial -200°C to 0°C 0°C to 500°C 500°C to 1,372°C (-5,891µV to 0µV) (0µV to 20,644µV) (20,644µV to 54,886µV) -1.318 058 × 10 2.517 346 2 × 10 2.508 355 2 ×...
Page 469: Table F-6 Type S Inverse Function Polynomial
Model 2701 User’s Manual Temperature Equations Table F-6 Type R inverse function polynomial -50°C to 250°C 250°C to 1,200°C 1,064°C to 1,664.5°C 1,664.5°C to 1,768.1°C (-226µV to 1,923µV) (1,923µV to 13,228µV) (11,361µV to 19,739µV) (19,739µV to 21,103µV) 1.334 584 505 × 10 -8.199 599 416 ×...
Page 470: Thermistor Equation
Selecting a thermistor — The thermistor manufacturers speciﬁed curve ﬁtting values (A, B, and C) may not be exactly the same as the ones used by the Model 2701. If they are not exactly the same, perform the following steps to select a thermistor to use with the...
Page 471 Model 2701 User’s Manual Temperature Equations NOTE The speciﬁed thermistor temperature measurement accuracy of the Model 2701 (see Appendix A) is based on the curve ﬁtting constants listed in Table F-9. If the thermistor manufacturer’s curve ﬁtting constants are not exactly the same as the...
Page 472: Rtd Equations
Temperature Equations Model 2701 User’s Manual RTD equations The temperature vs. resistance readings listed in the RTD reference tables are calculated using the Callendar-Van Dusen equation. There are two equations based on different temperature ranges. There is an equation for the -200° to 0°C range and one for the 0° to 630°C range.
Page 473: Table F-10 Rtd Parameters
Model 2701 User’s Manual Temperature Equations RTD parameters for equations The RTD parameters for the Callendar-Van Dusen equations are listed in Table F-10. Table F-10 RTD parameters Ω Ω Ω Ω at 0°C Type Standard Alpha Beta Delta PT100 ITS-90 0.003850...
Page 474 F-10 Temperature Equations Model 2701 User’s Manual Example 2 Calculate the resistance of a D100 RTD at -100°C (T). The following R (Ω at 0°C), alpha, beta, and delta values are used for the D100 RTD (Table F-10): T = -100°C (Ω...
Page 475 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples...
Page 476: Ke2700 Instrument Driver Examples
Model 2701 User’s Manual Introduction An IVI style Instrument Driver is provided with the Models 2700, 2701, and 2750. The driver supports programming in LabView, LabWindows CVI, Visual Basic, and C, Test examples provided by the KE2700 Instrument Driver are listed in...
Page 477: Ke2700 Instrument Driver Examples
Use Case 3 — Two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel DCV (1V range) scan. • 20 channel Ω4 scan: • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Measurement speed (rate) – 0.1 plc.
Page 478: Table G-1 Visual Basic And Cvi (C) Examples
User Setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Conﬁguration saved in User Setup 2. • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Setup 1 or Setup 2 recalled to perform scan.
Page 479 Model 2701 User’s Manual KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Table G-1 (continued) Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples Name Manual Reference Brief Description Advance6 None Use Case 6 — Scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see NOTE): • Type K thermocouple (TC) temperature measurements.
Page 480 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual Table G-1 (continued) Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples Name Manual Reference Brief Description Advance8 None Use Case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: • 7706 module: •...
Page 481 Model 2701 User’s Manual KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Table G-1 (continued) Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples Name Manual Reference Brief Description MultiRange Page 4-5 (Ex. 1 & 2) Demonstrates various range and function settings. Ohmm Page 3-57 (Ex. 2) Demonstrates measuring offset compensated ohms in one-shot trigger mode.
Page 482 Use Case 3 — Two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel DCV (1V range) scan. • 20 channel Ω4 scan: • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Measurement speed (rate) – 0.1 plc.
Page 483 User Setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Conﬁguration saved in User Setup 2. • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Setup 1 or Setup 2 recalled to perform scan.
Page 484 G-10 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual Table G-1 (continued) Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples Name Manual Reference Brief Description Simple6 None Use Case 6 — Scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see NOTE): • Type K thermocouple (TC) temperature measurements.
Page 485 Model 2701 User’s Manual KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples G-11 Table G-1 (continued) Visual Basic and CVI (C) examples Name Manual Reference Brief Description Simple8 None Use Case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: •...
Page 486: Table
G-12 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual LabVIEW examples Table G-2 lists the LabVIEW examples and “Use Cases” that are provided with the KE2700 Instrument Driver. LabVIEW examples are provided in the ﬁle: Examples.llb. Use cases are provided in the ﬁle: Use Cases.llb. By default, these are installed in the Program Files\National Instruments\LabView X\instr.lib\KE2700 directory.
Page 487 Use Case 3 — Two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel DCV (1V range) scan. • 20 channel Ω4 scan: • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Measurement speed (rate) – 0.1 plc.
Page 488 Setup 1. • 20 channel Ω4 scan. Conﬁguration saved in User Setup 2. • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Setup 1 or Setup 2 recalled to perform scan.
Page 489 Model 2701 User’s Manual KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples G-15 Table G-2 (continued) LabVIEW examples Manual Name Reference Brief Description Advance6 None Use Case 6 — Scan 160 channels using 7703 module (see NOTE): • Type K thermocouple (TC) temperature measurements.
Page 490 G-16 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual Table G-2 (continued) LabVIEW examples Manual Name Reference Brief Description Advance8 None Use Case 8 — 7706 module in slot 1 and 7702 module in slot 2: • 7706 module: • Output analog output values to analog output channels.
Page 491 Use Case 3 — Two scans using 7708 module: • 40 channel DCV (1V range) scan. • 20 channel Ω4 scan: • Models 2700 and 2701 – 100Ω range. • Model 2750 – 10Ω range, dry-circuit ohms enabled. • Measurement speed (rate) – 0.1 plc.
Page 492 G-18 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual Table G-2 (continued) LabVIEW examples Manual Name Reference Brief Description Simple5 None Use Case 5 — 32-channel scan using 7701 module. • Common-side 4-wire ohms measurements (CSIDe mode). • Dry-circuit ohms option for Model 2750.
Page 493 Model 2701 User’s Manual KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples G-19 Table G-2 (continued) LabVIEW examples Manual Name Reference Brief Description Simple7 None Use Case 7 — Ten 40-channel scans using 7702 module: • Channel 1 uses an external reference junction. • Measurement speed (rate) – 1 plc.
Page 494 G-20 KE2700 Instrument Driver Examples Model 2701 User’s Manual...
Page 495 Index Applications Sorting resistors 9-14 Auto delay settings Symbols Auto ranging 4-3, 4-5 Autozero 3-4, 10-2 SCPI signal oriented measurement Average buffer statistic MEASure:<function>? [<rang>], [<res>], 13-8 Ω symbol 5-13 Ω2 and Ω4 connections for front panel Bandwidth 4-10 Aperture 4-12 inputs 3-21...
Page 496 Range Ratio and channel average 5-18 Cables Leakage 3-23 Scanning 7-27 CARD menu 2-30 SCPI see FORMat commands, SCPI refer- CARD: CONFIG 2-31 ence tables, and SYSTem commands CARD: VIEW 2-31 Setups 1-27 Tree 2-31 Status byte and service request 11-10 Carrying case System channel control...
Page 497 Control sources Scanning 9-11 External trigger Setting 9-10 Immediate Sink mode, controlling external Timer devices Crest factor 3-12 Digits Current measurements (DCI and ACI) 3-17 Commands AMPS fuse replacement (front panel Programming examples AMPS input) 3-19 Remote programming Amps measurement procedure 3-18 Scanning Connections...
Page 498 10-15 External triggering General information Example 8-10 Getting started With BNC connections 8-13 Ground loops Features High energy circuit safety precautions Model 2701 Hold Filter 4-14 Reading *RST disables filter 4-18 *RST disables filter state to off 4-21 Characteristics 4-14...
Page 499 Reciprocal (1/X) 5-10 Remote programming 5-12 KE2700 Instrument Driver Scanning 5-11 Keyclick 1-20 Setting mX+b units 5-13 Remote programming 1-20 Math commands Key-press codes 14-5 Reading math result 5-13 Keys Measurement event status 11-15 CLOSE 2-10, 2-18 Measurement queries 3-58 FILTER 4-18 :FETCh?
Page 500 Multiple channels Control commands 2-20 Query commands 10-23 Controlling 2-17 Questionable event status 11-17 Corrupt measurements 2-17 Queues 11-2, 11-22 Operation 2-16 Clearing 11-4 Anomalies 2-22 Error queue 11-22 mX+b (math function) Output queue 11-22 Configuration Quick start Exercises 1-29 Setting units 5-13 Rack mount kits...
Page 501 Rear panel Ratio and channel average 5-18 Summary 1-14 Reciprocal (1/X) (math function) 5-10 Scanning 7-26 Configuration 5-10 System channel control commands 2-12 Reference junctions 3-34 Trigger and return readings 1-39 External 3-35 Triggering 8-14 Resistance measurements (Ω2 and Ω4) Internal 3-35 3-20...
Page 502 Basic scan 7-22 Setups 1-22 Buffer 7-22 Commands 1-27 Configuration 7-11 Remote programming 1-27 5-20 Restoring 1-23 Digital outputs 9-11 Saving 7-21 Digits Saving (power-on) 1-23 Examples 7-32 Saving (user) 1-22 External trigger scan example 7-32 Shielding 3-15, 3-22, E-8 Filter 4-19 Signal handshaking...
Page 503 System channel Timestamps Control commands 2-12 Configuring Controlling 2-10 Real-time clock timestamp Operation 1-32, 2-7 Relative SYSTem commands 14-4 Selecting Summary 10-6, 10-15, 10-31, 15-20 Setting time and date SYSTem:BEEPer[:STATe] <b> 14-5 TRIG LINK 1-15 SYSTem:KEY <NRf> 14-4 TRIG LINK pinout SYSTem:PRESet 14-4 Trigger level...
Page 506 Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) •...