TP-Link TL-SG2424P User Manual page 73

STP Generation

In the beginning

In the beginning, each switch regards itself as the root, and generates a configuration BPDU for
each port on it as a root, with the root path cost being 0, the ID of the designated bridge being that
of the switch, and the designated port being itself.
Comparing BPDUs

Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports
from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations.
Step Operation
1 If the priority of the BPDU received on the port is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port
itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPDU of the port.
2 If the priority of the BPDU is higher than that of the BPDU of the port itself, the switch
replaces the BPDU of the port with the received one and compares it with those of other
ports on the switch to obtain the one with the highest priority.
Selecting the root bridge

The root bridge is selected by BPDU comparing. The switch with the smallest root ID is chosen as
the root bridge.
Selecting the root port and designate port

The operation is taken in the following way:
Step Operation
1 For each switch (except the one chosen as the root bridge) in a network, the port that
receives the BPDU with the highest priority is chosen as the root port of the switch.
2 Using the root port BPDU and the root path cost, the switch generates a designated port
BPDU for each of its ports.
Root ID is replaced with that of the root port;

Root path is replaced with the sum of the root path cost of the root port and the path

cost between this port and the root port;
The ID of the designated bridge is replaced with that of the switch;

The ID of the designated port is replaced with that of the port.

3 The switch compares the resulting BPDU with the BPDU of the desired port whose role
you want to determine.
If the resulting BPDU takes the precedence over the BPDU of the port, the port is

chosen as the designated port and the BPDU of this port is replaced with the
resulting BPDU. The port regularly sends out the resulting BPDU;
If the BPDU of this port takes the precedence over the resulting BPDU, the BPDU of

this port is not replaced and the port is blocked. The port only can receive BPDUs.
Tips：
In a STP with stable topology, only the root port and designated port can forward data, and the
other ports are blocked. The blocked ports only can receive BPDUs.
Table 7-1 Comparing BPDUs
Table 7-2 Selecting root port and designated port
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