Page 1 ® R&S RTO6 Oscilloscope User Manual Ihr Ansprechpartner / Your Partner: dataTec AG E-Mail: info@datatec.eu >>> www.datatec.eu (B1Ðå2) 1801668702 Version 05...
Page 2 ® This manual describes the following R&S RTO6 models with firmware version 5.20: ● ® R&S RTO64 (1802.0001K04) © 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com...
Page 3: Table Of Contents
® Contents R&S RTO6 Contents 1 Safety and regulatory information............11 Safety instructions...................... 11 Labels on the product....................16 Warning messages in the documentation..............16 Where to find key documents on Rohde & Schwarz..........17 Korea certification class A..................17 2 Preface....................18 Key features.........................18...
Page 4 XY-diagram........................ 280 8 Measurements..................284 Cursor measurements....................284 Automatic measurements..................295 Quick measurements....................368 9 Spectrum analysis................370 FFT analysis......................370 Spectrum analysis (option R&S RTO6-K37)............390 10 Mask testing..................394 10.1 About mask testing....................394 10.2 Mask test settings..................... 396 10.3 Mask testing on eye diagrams.................
Page 5 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510)................509 13.4 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510)........520 13.5 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510)..............529 13.6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510)........... 547 13.7 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520)............578 13.8 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520)................... 604 13.9 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520)................
Page 6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570)................840 13.22 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570)................861 13.23 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580)................874 13.24 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570)........891 13.25 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590)................921 13.26 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72)................... 934 13.27 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 )..................
Page 7 RTO6 18 Jitter analysis and clock data recovery......... 1068 18.1 Jitter measurements (options R&S RTO6-K12/K13)..........1069 18.2 Advanced jitter and noise (option R&S RTO6- K133/K134).........1079 18.3 Clock data recovery....................1112 19 Power analysis (option R&S RTO6-K31)........1121 19.1 Power measurement selection................1121 19.2...
Page 8 24.18 Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1)............2420 24.19 Waveform generator (option R&S RTO6-B6)............2443 24.20 Pulse Source and TDR/TDT Analysis (options R&S RTO6-B7/K130)....2464 24.21 I/Q software interface (option R&S RTO6-K11).............2472 24.22 Jitter analysis and clock data recovery..............2479 24.23...
Page 9 ® Contents R&S RTO6 24.28 Deprecated commands...................2581 List of commands................2583 Index....................2665 User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 10 ® Contents R&S RTO6 User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 11: Safety And Regulatory Information
11. Intended use The R&S RTO6 oscilloscope is designed for measurements on circuits that are only indirectly connected to the mains or not connected at all. It is not rated for any mea- surement category. The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Page 12 ® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Safety instructions aged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/support. In these safety instructions, the term "product" covers instruments (oscilloscopes), probes and their accessories. Lifting and carrying the instrument Check the data sheet for the maximum weight of the instrument.
Page 13 ® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Safety instructions Connecting to power and grounding The mains power supply input of the instrument complies with overvoltage category II. It has to be connected to a fixed installation used to supply energy-consuming equip- ment such as household appliances and similar loads.
Page 14 ® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Safety instructions defined in the data sheet. If you use other than Rohde & Schwarz accessories, make sure that they are suitable for the instrument and the measurement task. ● Set the correct attenuation factor on the instrument according to the probe being used.
Page 15 ® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Safety instructions – Eddy current loss can cause heating of the sensor head. – Dielectric heating can cause heating of cord insulation and other materials. Measurement categories IEC 61010-2-030 defines measurement categories that rate instruments on their ability to resist short transient overvoltages that occur in addition to the working voltage.
Page 16: Labels On The Product
® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Warning messages in the documentation Potential hazard Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage. Heavy product Be careful when lifting, moving or carrying the product. Carrying the product requires at least two people or transport equipment.
Page 17: Where To Find Key Documents On Rohde & Schwarz
® Safety and regulatory information R&S RTO6 Korea certification class A NOTICE Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other property. 1.4 Where to find key documents on Rohde & Schwarz Certificates issued to Rohde & Schwarz that are relevant for your country are provided at www.rohde-schwarz.com/key-documents, e.g.
Page 18: Preface
High measurement speed, even for complex analysis functions ● High-quality line of probes For a detailed specification refer to the data sheet. The R&S RTO6 oscilloscope brings various benefits in your daily work. It helps you to: ● Find signal anomalies quickly with unparalleled update rate ●...
Page 19 Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product. Instrument security procedures manual Deals with security issues when working with the R&S RTO6 in secure areas. It is available for download on the internet. Service Manual...
Page 20: Options Described In This Document
2.2.2 Data sheet and brochure The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S RTO6. It also lists the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories. The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
Page 21 Deembedding base option 1801.6887.02 R&S RTO6-K130 TDR/TDT analysis (requires pulse source option R&S RTO6- 1801.6893.02 For R&S RTO6 with at least 2 GHz bandwidth R&S RTO6-K500 Bus analysis for I2C, SPI, UART, CAN/CAN-FD, LIN, SENT 1801.6864.02 Ethernet(10BASE-T/100BASE-Tx), RFFE, Automotive Ether- net (100BASE-T1/1000BASE-T1) Requires corresponding protocol decoding option.
Page 22: Conventions Used In The Documentation
Order No. R&S RTO6-- Trigger and decode bundle. 1801.7725.02 TDBDL Includes options: R&S RTO6- -K500,-K510, -K520, -K530, - K540, -K550, -K560, -K570, -K580, -K590 R&S RTO6-K91 DDR3/DDR3L/LPDDR3 debug & compliance test. 1801.6993.02 Decode and debug is described in this user manual. The com- pliance test is described in a separate manual.
Page 23: Getting Started
® Getting started R&S RTO6 Preparing for use 3 Getting started Note: the following chapters are identical to those in the R&S RTO6 Getting Started manual for R&S RTO6 instruments. ● Preparing for use.....................23 ● Instrument tour......................29 ● Operating the instrument..................41...
Page 24 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Preparing for use – Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings ● Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radi- ated disturbances.
Page 25 Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack. To mount the R&S RTO6 in a rack 1. Use an adapter kit that fits the dimensions of the R&S RTO6 to prepare the instru- ment for rack mounting. For information on the dimensions, see data sheet.
Page 26 3.1.6 Connecting to power For safety information, see "Connecting to power and grounding" on page 13. The R&S RTO6 can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself auto- matically to it. The nominal ranges are: ● 100 V to 240 V AC at 50 Hz to 60 Hz and 400 Hz, with maximal 10% voltage fluctu- ation on line ●...
Page 27 2. Press the [Power] key on the front panel. The instrument performs a system check, boots the operating system, and then starts the R&S RTO6 firmware. The [Power] key turns green and the illuminated keys on the front panel light up. If the previous session was terminated regularly, the oscilloscope uses the last set- tings.
Page 28 5. To configure the mouse: a) Type mouse. b) Select "Mouse settings". 3.1.8.2 Connecting external monitors You can connect one or two external monitors or projectors to the R&S RTO6. The fol- lowing connectors are available: ● "HDMI" on page 33...
Page 29: Instrument Tour
"DisplayPort" on page 33 1. Ensure that the monitors and the R&S RTO6 are connected to a ground contact. Otherwise the instrument can be damaged. 2. Check the input type of the monitors. Make sure to select the correct cable. If the connectors do not match, use an appropriate adapter.
Page 30 10 = [Power] key 3.2.1.1 Input connectors The R&S RTO6 has four channel inputs to connect the input signals using active and passive probes. The input connectors are provided with a special Rohde & Schwarz active probe inter- face, and they are BNC compatible. Thus, the instrument can automatically detect pas- sive probes with standard BNC connector and active Rohde &...
Page 31 Ground connector for probes. [Aux Out] Output of the internal calibration signal, if the signal is configured to external destina- tion. 3.2.2 Rear panel The rear panel of the R&S RTO6 is shown in Figure 3-2. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 32 6 = DisplayPort connector 7 = Option slot for R&S RTO6-B6 (waveform generator, shown in figure) or R&S RTO6-B7 (pulse source) 8 = Option slot for R&S RTO6-B1 (MSO, shown in figure) or R&S RTO6-B1E (for R&S RT-ZVC), or R&S RTO6-B10 (GPIB)
Page 33 When a trigger occurs, the R&S RTO6 creates a pulse of 5 V with a source impedance of 50 Ω and delivers it to the external trigger output. The instrument can also send the pulse on mask test violation or violation of measurement limits and margins.
Page 34 Instrument tour Mixed signal option R&S RTO6-B1 / digital extension port R&S RTO6-B1E The mixed signal option R&S RTO6-B1 provides logic analizer functionality and 16 dig- ital channels. It also can connect the R&S RT-ZVC multi-channel power probe. The connectors are used to connect two logical probes with 8 digital channels each (D0 to D7 and D8 to D15), or two flat interface cables of R&S RT-ZVC.
Page 35 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Instrument tour 3.2.3.2 Trigger controls The keys and knob in the Trigger functional block adjust the trigger and start or stop acquisition. [Level] The rotary knob sets the trigger level for all trigger types. Turn clockwise to move up the trigger level.
Page 36 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Instrument tour [Single] Starts a defined number of acquisitions. The [Single] key lights green when the acquisi- tion is running. When the acquisition is stopped, the key lights red. To set the number of acquisitions, select "Menu" > "Acquire" > "Setup" tab, and set "N- single count".
Page 37 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Instrument tour Turn clockwise to stretch the waveforms. Doing so, the scale value time/div decreases. Press the knob to toggle between coarse and fine scale adjustment. [Zoom] Displays a zoom diagram for the active diagram. The key is illuminated if at least one zoom is active.
Page 38 R&S RTO6 Instrument tour [Gen] Opens the "Waveform Generator" dialog, if option R&S RTO6-B6 is installed. The waveform generator can generate various function and arbitrary waveforms, sweeps, and parallel patterns. For detailed specifications, refer to the data sheet. [Logic] Opens the "Logic" dialog to configure and enable the logic buses L1 to L4. A logic bus (or parallel bus) has up to 16 logic (digital) channels.
Page 39 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Instrument tour [Scale] Sets the vertical scale in Volts per division. The vertical scale defines the displayed amplitude of the selected waveform. The knob lights up in the color of the selected waveform. Turn clockwise to stretch the waveform.
Page 40 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Instrument tour Press the [Intensity] key and turn the [Multiuse] knob. Press the [Intensity] key again to toggle between the three settings. The controlled parameter and its value are shown in the input box in the upper right corner of the screen.
Page 41: Operating The Instrument
For details, refer to the user manual, chapter "Web Control". Alternatively, you can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC), which requires installation of the VNC server on the R&S RTO6. Installation and configuration are described in the application note "Remote Monitoring and Control of the R&S RTO6 with a Web Browser", available on the Rohde &...
Page 42 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Tapping the screen works like clicking mouse buttons: – Tap = click: Selects a waveform or parameter, or provokes an action. – Double-tap = double-click: Has the same effect as touch and hold, it opens the on-screen keyboard or keypad, or a specific editor if available.
Page 43 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Figure 3-3: Display information 1 = Diagram 2 = Grid 3 = Trigger position 4 = Reference point (distance from trigger position to reference point = horizontal position) 5 = Trigger, horizontal and acquisition label...
Page 44 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Grid The grid shows the vertical and horizontal divisions. The division lines are labeled with the correspondent values. The grid labels have the color of the waveform to which they belong. If several waveforms are shown in one diagram, the grid has the color of the selected waveform.
Page 45 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Reference point The reference point marks the rescaling center. If you modify the time scale, the refer- ence point remains fixed on the screen, and the scale is stretched or compressed to both sides of the reference point.
Page 46 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument 1 = Vertical scale 2 = Offset 3 = Bandwidth 4 = Coupling 5 = Termination If the signal bar contains many signal icons, and not all icons are visible, touch one of the icons and scroll left or right until the required icon appears.
Page 47 "Signal bar" on page 45. Menu (6) The menu provides access to the complete functionality of the R&S RTO6. Input box The input box appears if you adjust a value using one of the rotary knobs, or if you drag an element on the screen, for example, a cursor line. The input box shows the current value of the modified parameter.
Page 48 ● Press the app key on the frontpanel. 3.3.4 Working with waveforms The R&S RTO6 can create and display many waveform types. The most importand are: ● Channel waveforms: Up to three waveforms per input channel can be shown. For a four-channel instru- ment, 12 channel waveforms are available.
Page 49 The Mixed Signal Option R&S RTO6-B1 provides 16 digital channels grouped in two logic probes (pods) with 8 channels each. Waveform handling The R&S RTO6 can show and analyze many waveforms. To handle this multitude while keeping track of it, the R&S RTO6 provides intelligent support: ●...
Page 50 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument The waveform is now active, selected, and is shown in the diagram. Remote command: on page 1337 CHANnel<m>:STATe To select a waveform ► Choose one of the following ways: ● Tap the waveform in the waveform diagram.
Page 51 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Figure 3-9: SmartGrid positions 1 = In the existing diagram, overlay of signal 2 = New diagram on the left or right 3 = New diagram above or below 4 = New diagram on top of the existing diagram...
Page 52 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument 3. To change the size of a diagram, tap the handle between two diagram frames and drag it to the required position. Remote commands: see Chapter 24.7.2.4, "Smartgrid", on page 1301. 3.3.6 Toolbar The toolbar provides direct access to important control and measurement functions.
Page 53 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument 4. To define the analyzed area, do one of the following: ● Tap the required diagram. ● Drag a rectangle on the diagram. 3.3.6.2 Configuring the toolbar You can configure the content of the toolbar so that only the required functions are dis- played.
Page 54 Find Level Save Waveform Force Trigger Zone trigger Demo Spectrogram (option R&S RTO6-K37) You can configure the content of the toolbar, see Chapter 3.3.6.2, "Configuring the tool- bar", on page 53. The following list describes at first the default toolbar functions and then the additional functions.
Page 55 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Undo Undoes the last setting actions step by step. Some actions cannot be revoked: locking the touchscreen with [Touch Lock], and saving data. The undo stack is deleted during the following actions: Reloading settings from file, reference waveform actions (save, load and preset with active reference waveform), and some actions that require an internal re-alignment to ensure correct measurements.
Page 56 Demo Opens the "Demo" dialog, where you can find examples of operating the R&S RTO6. Zoom Creates a zoom. Tapping the icon opens the overlay menu, where you select one of the four zoom types: standard zoom, hardware zoom, coupled zoom, fingertip zoom.
Page 57 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Tap the diagram where you want to set the cursors, or draw a rectangle in the diagram to position the cursor lines. The resulting cursor lines measure the selected waveform, and the results are shown.
Page 58 Tap the icon and then tap the corner points of the zone on the screen. Tap "Finish zone". You can add more zones to the trigger condition. Spectrogram (option R&S RTO6-K37) Starts an FFT and the spectrogram. The FFT trace and the spectrogram are shown in separate diagrams.
Page 59 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument ● In a minimized view (result icon) on the signal bar ● In a separate tab that can be arranged similar to a diagram The default position and the font size can be adjusted.
Page 60 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument 1 = Floating result box 2 = New tab 3 = Table in a tab above or below 4 = Table in a tab on the left or right To open the corresponding settings 1.
Page 61 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument Minimizes the dialog box to a small box that only contains the last selected function. Closes the dialog box. To minimize a dialog If you want to change only one setting during analysis, and you need to change it often, you can display a small box that only contains the required setting.
Page 62 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument To enter values with the on-screen keypad To enter numeric values and units in dialogs, the touchscreen provides an on-screen keypad. For text input, the on-screen keyboard with English key layout is used.
Page 63 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument 2. Enter the text as you would do on a normal keyboard. ● To enter a series of capital characters, tap "Caps". To enter one capital character, tap "Shift". ● To get the value that was used before the keyboard opened, tap "Cur".
Page 64 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument The color of the dot before the text indicates the severity: gray for information, orange for warnings, and red for errors. ► To read the notifications, tap "Notification". You can also delete the list of notifications.
Page 65 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument To open general help 1. Open the "Menu". 2. Tap the "Help" icon. The help window opens with the "Contents" page, where you can select the topics. 3.3.11.2 Using the Help window The Help window contains several tabs: ●...
Page 66 ® Getting started R&S RTO6 Operating the instrument For advanced search, consider the following: ● To find a defined string of several words, enclose it in quotation marks. For example, a search for "trigger qualification" finds all topics with exactly "trigger qualification".
Page 67: Instrument Setup
® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 System settings 4 Instrument setup Access: "Settings" menu > "Settings" dialog. In the "Settings" dialog, you can adapt various instrument settings to your require- ments, such as language, display appearance, and assign functions to some keys.
Page 68 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 System settings 4.1.1 About settings Access: "Menu" > "Settings" > "System" > "About" FW Update Opens the Firmware update dialog box. Copy to clipboard Copies the instrument information, which you see in the dialog box, to the clipboard.
Page 69 Indicates the currently defined computer name, the defined IP address and DHCP address enabling. These values are required to configure the instrument for work in a network. Description (LXI) Instrument description of the R&S RTO6. Web Ifc Password Password for LAN configuration. The default password is LxiWebIfc. LAN Reset Resets the LAN configuration to its default settings using the network configuration reset mechanism (LCI) for the instrument.
Page 70 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 System settings Parameter Value TCP/IP mode DHCP + auto IP address Dynamic DNS Enabled ICMP ping Enabled Password for LAN configuration LxiWebIfc The LAN settings are configured using the instrument's web browser. Advanced Opens the standard Windows "Network Connections" dialog box to configure a net- work connection.
Page 71: Option Settings
No auto-logon, user name and password are requested at instrument startup. 4.2 Option settings Additional options for the R&S RTO6 are enabled using a license key. To obtain the license key, consult your sales representative. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 72 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Option settings The license type defines the duration of applicability and the portability of a license. The following license types are provided: evaluation, permanent, portable, quantified, timed with duration of 1, 3, 6 or 12 months. A license can also be in the states deacti- vated and expired.
Page 73 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Option settings Install from file If you got a license file, install the license here. Tap "Open" to open the file selection dialog, or enter the complete path and filename. For details, see Chapter 12.5, "File selection dialog",...
Page 74: Appearance Settings
® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings a) Optional: If the status icon ( , ) in the Windows notification area is not shown yet, click "Start > All Programs > R&S License Server > License Server Manager"". The icon is now available in the Windows notification area.
Page 75 Appearance settings Color source Selects the waveform to which the color table and the labels are assigned. A spectrogram (option R&S RTO6-K37) always has the same color as the math (spec- trum) waveform from which it is created. Use color table If enabled, the selected waveform is displayed according to its assigned color table.
Page 76 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings ● Serial buses if a protocol option is activated ● Parallel buses if MSO option is installed See also: Chapter 4.3.2, "Color tables", on page 76 Remote command: on page 1297 DISPlay:COLor:SIGNal<m>:ASSign Set to default color Resets the color of the selected waveform to the factory default.
Page 77 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings The editing table allows you to edit existing color tables or add new ones that can then be assigned to the waveforms. See also: ● "Assigned color table" on page 75 Remote commands...
Page 78 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Show grid If selected, a grid is displayed in the diagram area. A grid helps you associate a spe- cific data point to its exact value on the x- or y-axis. Remote command:...
Page 79 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Show crosshair If selected, a crosshair is displayed in the diagram area. A crosshair allows you to select a specific data point by its co-ordinates. Remote command: on page 1301 DISPlay:DIAGram:CROSshair Keep X-grid fixed If enabled, the vertical grid lines remain in their position when the horizontal position is changed.
Page 80 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Show tabs always If selected, the tab titles of all diagrams are displayed: "Diagram1", "Diagram2" ... If cleared, the tab titles are not shown except for titles in a tabbed diagram. In tabbed diagrams, the tab titles are required to change the tabs.
Page 81 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Gate transparency Sets the transparency of the area that is defined as measurement or search gate. The setting only takes effect if "Show gate" is enabled. Remote command: on page 1306 DISPlay:GATE:TRANsparency Search result gate symbol color Sets the color of the search zoom area.
Page 82 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Show / Source Selects the souce of the label and enables the display. Remote command: on page 1310 DISPlay:SIGNal:LABel:SHOW Position mode Defines the label position either relative to the diagram or with absolute values accord- ing to the units of the waveform.
Page 83 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Font size Defines the size of the labels in the diagram. Remote command: on page 1308 DISPlay:SIGNal:LABel:FONTsize Labels For each waveform, the "Labels" table shows the defined labels with their visibility state, label texts and positions. The labels belog to the selected waveform.
Page 84 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Dialog With these settings, you can change the appearance of the dialogs. Font size ← Dialog Defines the font size of the text in dialog boxes. Dialog transparency ← Dialog Defines the transparency of the dialog box background. For high transparency values, you can see the waveform display in the background, and possibly check the effect of the changed setting.
Page 85 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Remote command: on page 1313 DISPlay:EXTended:PORDialogs on page 1313 DISPlay:EXTended:POSDialogs 4.3.7 Cursor appearance settings Access: "Settings" > "Appearance" > "Cursor" tab Cursor style Defines how the cursor is displayed in the diagram. "Lines"...
Page 86 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings 4.3.8 Measurement appearance settings Access: "Settings" > "Appearance" > "Measurement" tab Group results If enabled, all results are shown in one result box (default). If disabled, the results of each measurement group are shown in a separate result box.
Page 87 RTO6 Appearance settings 4.3.9 Peak list appearance settings Access: "Settings" > "Appearance" > "Peak List" tab For peak lists measurements only, requires option R&S RTO6-K37. You can enable the "Peak list" for "Spectrum" measurements, see Chapter 8.2.7, "Spectrum measure- ments", on page 334.
Page 88 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Show labels Switches the display of the mask test name on or off. To change the name of the mask test, open the "Mask Test" dialog > "Define Mask" tab. Double-tap the mask test subtab and enter the new mask test name.
Page 89 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Appearance settings Color Sets the color of samples that violated the mask. Remote command: on page 1318 MTESt:COLor:MATCh Mask without violation Sets the color of masks segments that were not hit. Remote command: on page 1318...
Page 90: Display Settings
® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Display settings Table position Defines the position of the decode table on the screen. "Floating" Floating result box in front of the diagrams. "Preview"" Result icon on the sidebar. "Docked" Fixed tab below the diagrams.
Page 91 1320 DISPlay:PERSistence:INFinite Time Sets a time factor that controls how long the waveforms points fade away from the dis- play. Thus, the R&S RTO6 emulates the persistence of analog phosphor screens. Remote command: on page 1320 DISPlay:PERSistence:TIME Reset Resets the display, removing persistent all waveform points.
Page 92 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Display settings Intensity This value determines the strength of the waveform line in the diagram. Enter a per- centage between 0 (not visible) and 100% (strong). The default value is 50%. You can also use the [Intensity] knob on the left side of the screen to adjust the wave- form intensity directly.
Page 93 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Display settings Brightness Changes the background luminosity of the touchscreen. 4.4.4 Monitors settings Access: "Menu" > "Settings" > "Display" > "Monitors" In the "Monitors" tab you can extend or duplicate the instrument display to a second monitor or projector (external display).
Page 94: Frontpanel Settings
Displays the "Performance" results box. The "Performance" result box shows information on the current acquisition perfor- mance values of the R&S RTO6. The instrument groups acquired waveforms together in a frame, and displays the frame content. The maximum number of frames displayed per second is about 30. The cur- rent number of frames per second is indicated as reciprocal "Time per frame".
Page 95 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Frontpanel settings Camera hardkey action The Camera key on the left side of the display is a shortcut key that initiates an associ- ated action. You can assign one of the following actions: ● Save a screenshot ●...
Page 96 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Frontpanel settings See also: "[Position]" on page 38. Horizontal Selects the action that you want to perform with the horizontal [Position] knob. It can change the horizontal position of the trigger point (trigger offset), or the reference point.
Page 97 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Frontpanel settings The larger the region, the easier is it to select an element. However, when selecting data points, for example, a large frame does not allow you to select precisely. Drag threshold Defines the maximum number of pixels around an element (e.g. data point) within which your pointing device must stay to "click"...
Page 98: Preset Setup
® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Preset setup 2. Select the "Touchscreen" tab. 3. Tap "Calibrate". A blinking cross appears in the lower left corner of the screen. 4. Touch and hold the cross until "OK" is shown. 5. Repeat this action for the crosses in the other corners.
Page 99 Saving instrument settings to a user-defined preset and restoring the instrument settings to user-defined default values ● Restoring all settings on the R&S RTO6 to the factory-defined values ● Restoring settings from a file (see "To load settings from a saveset file"...
Page 100: Maintenance Settings
1. Open the "Menu" > "Settings" > "Preset" > "Factory " tab. 2. Tap the "Restore factory defaults" button. All settings on the R&S RTO6 are reset to their factory-defined values. As long as no user-defined preset file is loaded and "Enable user defined preset " is disabled, the [Preset] key also resets the instrument settings to factory defaults.
Page 101 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Maintenance settings 4.7.2.1 Control Access: "Menu" > "Settings" >"Maintenance" > "Alignment" Start Alignment Starts the self-alignment procedure for all channels. Remote command: on page 1288 *CAL? Date / Time / Overall alignment state Show the date, time and the summary result of the self-alignment process: not aligned, passed or failed.
Page 102 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Maintenance settings 4.7.2.3 Performing a self-alignment The self-alignment aligns the data from several input channels vertically and horizon- tally to synchronize the timebases, amplitudes and positions. The self-alignment proc- ess includes a basic hardware check.
Page 103 4.7.4 Maintenance information Access: "Settings" >"Maintenance" > "Hardware" tab > "Advanced" The "Maintenance" dialog box provides information on your R&S RTO6 configuration, which can be helpful in case you need support. System Info This tab provides general information on the hardware configuration, and indicates where system information can be found on the instrument.
Page 104: Save / Recall
This tab provides information on the front panel module installed in your instrument. This tab is only relevant if the MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. The tab provides information on the MSO hardware module that is installed in your instrument.
Page 105 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Save / recall 4.8.1.1 Autonaming settings In this tab, you can define the pattern for automatic file name generation. This name is used as the default file name. The default path is the storage location for all saved files and their subdirectories.
Page 106 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Save / recall Index If enabled, inserts an index. Remote command: on page 1667 MMEMory:AUTonaming:INDex Time If enabled, inserts the current time. Remote command: on page 1667 MMEMory:AUTonaming:TIME Default path for all file operations Defines the default path displayed in the file selection dialog box for loading and stor- ing operations.
Page 107 Selects the list separator symbol from a list. Available are semicolon, comma, space, tab and colon. Remote command: on page 1668 EXPort:RESult:DELimiter 4.8.3 External application The R&S RTO6 can start an external application on the instrument or in the network (if connected) when an event occurs. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 108 ® Instrument setup R&S RTO6 Save / recall The following events can start an application: ● Trigger event ● Mask violation ● Successful completion of mask test ● Limit or margin violation of measurements ● Successful completion of limit and margin tests Set the path of the application executable, optional parameters, and the working direc- tory as in a Windows shortcut definition.
Page 109: Acquisition And Waveform Setup
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics 5 Acquisition and waveform setup This chapter describes the horizontal and vertical settings as well as the acquisition and probe setup. 5.1 Basics This chapter provides background information on the essential settings in the vertical and horizontal systems, on acquisition setup and probing.
Page 110 Basics Figure 5-1: Input range and resolution of the ADC With R&S RTO6, you can work with multiple diagrams, and each diagram obtains the full vertical resolution, no matter where the diagram is placed. Therefore, use a sepa- rate diagram for each waveform instead of the traditional setup that arranges the wave- forms side by side in one diagram.
Page 111 Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics Figure 5-3: R&S RTO6 setup of multiple waveforms in separate diagrams: best resolution 5.1.1.3 Bandwidth For analog applications, the highest signal frequency determines the required oscillo- scope bandwidth. The oscilloscope bandwidth should be slightly higher than the maxi- mum frequency included in the analog test signal to measure the amplitude with very little measurement error.
Page 112 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics 5.1.2.1 Sampling and processing The A/D converter samples the continuous signal under test at specific points in time and delivers digital values called ADC samples. The rate at which the converter is...
Page 113 You can display up to three waveforms from one input signal and apply different deci- mation and arithmetic to each waveform. 5.1.2.3 Acquisition control You can run the R&S RTO6 in two ways: ● Run Stop: the instrument acquires data until you stop it manually. ●...
Page 114 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics The determining point of an acquisition is the trigger. The instrument acquires continu- ously and keeps the sample points to fill the pre-trigger part of the waveform record. When the trigger occurs, the instrument continues acquisition until the post-trigger part of the waveform record is filled.
Page 115 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics When you set up horizontal parameters, you can choose whether the record length or the resolution remains constant. ● With constant resolution, increasing the time scale also increases the record length, and vice versa. You can limit the record length to a maximum value.
Page 116 50 Ω Active, differential 10:1 Floating For a list of recommended probes, refer to the R&S RTO6 product brochure. Besides the possible input voltage range, two factors are important when selecting a voltage probe: Bandwidth and impedance over frequency. ●...
Page 117 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Basics                   system probe scope To measure the signal with low measurement error, the system bandwidth should be higher than the highest frequency component of the signal.
Page 118 "Setup" and "Probe Attributes" tabs. This data together with the deskew time for a given channel is stored and processed by the R&S RTO6. If you connect the probe the next time to the same channel, the information is fetched and used.
Page 119: Horizontal
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Horizontal Voltage between the positive and negative signal sockets ● Positive single-ended input voltage (V Voltage between the positive signal socket and the ground socket ● Negative single-ended input voltage (V Voltage between the negative signal socket and the ground socket ●...
Page 120 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Horizontal Time scale Sets the horizontal scale for all channel and math waveforms in seconds per division. Increase the scale to see a longer time interval of the waveform. Decrease the scale to see it in more detail.
Page 121 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Horizontal Remote command: on page 1327 TIMebase:HORizontal:POSition Reference point Sets the position of the reference point in % of the screen. The reference point marks the rescaling center of the time scale. It is indicated by a grey triangle outline at the top of the diagram.
Page 122 ● FFT is disabled ● All serial buses are disabled ● All digital channels are disabled (MSO option R&S RTO6-B1) ● No CDR jitter data is acquired ● No zone trigger is active The roll mode depends also on sample rate and record length. In roll mode, the sample rate limit is 20 MSample/s.
Page 123: Horizontal Accuracy
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Horizontal accuracy Remote command: on page 1331 TIMebase:ROLL:MTIMe 5.3 Horizontal accuracy Access: "Menu" > "Horizontal" > "Setup" tab > "Skew". The "Horizontal Accuracy" dialog box contains standard and optional settings to improve measurement and analysis accuracy and to reduce jitter effects.
Page 124 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Horizontal accuracy User skew If enabled, the "Skew offset" value is used for compensation. Remote command: on page 1384 CHANnel<m>:SKEW:MANual Skew offset Sets a delay value, that is known from the circuit specifics but cannot be compensated by the instrument automatically.
Page 125 External reference Sets the frequency of an external reference input signal that is connected to the exter- nal reference input on the rear panel of R&S RTO6. A frequency range from 1 MHz to 20 MHz is supported. Remote command:...
Page 126: Acquire Settings
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Activate 1GHz Reference Enables the 1 GHz reference signal and sends it to the [Aux Out] connector. The signal is required for performance test to measure the frequency of the internal calibration signal.
Page 127 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Sample rate Sets the number of captured waveform points per second. It considers the samples of the ADC, and the reduction of waveform points by decimation. If interpolation is not active, the sample rate is the reciprocal value of the resolution and thus also depends on the acquisition time and the record length.
Page 128 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Interpolation Selects the interpolation method. If the defined "Sample rate" is higher than the ADC sample rate, interpolation adds points between the captured samples of the waveform by various mathematic methods.
Page 129 Selects the decimation mode. Decimation reduces the data stream of the ADC to a stream of waveform points with lower sample rate and a less precise time resolution. The R&S RTO6 uses decimation, if the waveform "Sample rate" is less than the ADC sample rate. In this case, interpolation is not possible.
Page 130 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings "Peak detect" The minimum and the maximum of n samples in a sample interval are recorded as waveform points, the other samples are discarded. "High res" The average of n sample points is recorded as one waveform sam- ple.
Page 131 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Multi waveform For each channel, up to three waveforms can be shown and analyzed. The decimation mode and the waveform arithmetic are specific for each waveform. So you can analyze several aspects of the signal: For example, waveform1 shows the peaks, and wave- form2 shows the average of the signal.
Page 132 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Remote command: on page 1335 ACQuire:ARESet:IMMediate 5.4.3 Segmented settings Access: "Menu" > "Acquire" > "Segmented" tab. Fast segmentation Switches the fast segmentation mode on and off. Remote command: on page 1336...
Page 133 ADC, which reduces the bandwidth of the signal. Increasing the bandwidth reduces the resulting digital resolution. The high definition is also applied to the digital trigger, thus the R&S RTO6 can trigger with the same high resolution with which they can display signals.
Page 134 Remote command: on page 1387 HDEFinition:BWIDth Resolution Shows the resulting vertical resolution in high definition mode. The higher the filter bandwidth, the lower the resolution. For details, refer to the R&S RTO6 Specifications. Remote command: on page 1387 HDEFinition:RESolution? 5.4.4.2...
Page 135 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings Vertical system The current bandwidth is shown in the channel label. In the "Vertical" > "Bandwidth" dialog (C<x>), the "Bandwidth" setting is not available because the bandwidth is set by the high definition filter.
Page 136 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Acquire settings History Due to the 16-bit word length, the history depth is reduced, less waveforms are saved than in normal mode. Export In high definition mode, waveform data in raw format is exported to file with 16-bit word length, except for peak detect decimation (2 values with 8 bit).
Page 137: Vertical Setup
INT,16 to transfer the complete data words (see FORMat[:DATA] on page 1292). Further restrictions The IQ mode (option R&S RTO6-K11) is not available if high definition mode is active. 5.4.5 History settings The history settings are described in Chapter 7.4.2, "History setup",...
Page 138 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup Figure 5-6: Signal path in the vertical system of R&S RTO6 User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 139: Channel On/Off
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup 5.5.1 Setup settings Access: "Menu" > "Vertical" > "Setup" The "Setup" tab provides all basic vertical settings. The channels are listed in horizon- tal subtabs. Make sure to select the correct channel tab before you enter the settings.
Page 140: Position
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup The offset of a signal is determined and set by the autoset procedure. The current value is shown in the waveform label, and it is marked by a small triangle in the grid.
Page 141: Ground
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup You can use inversion, for example, to switch the polarity of a differential signal without changing the probe connections. Remote command: on page 1339 CHANnel<m>:INVert Ground Connects the input to the ground.
Page 142 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup "20 MHz, 200 MHz, 800 MHz" Frequencies above the selected limit are removed to reduce noise at different levels. Remote command: on page 1340 CHANnel<m>:BANDwidth Effective bandwidth Displays the effective bandwidth.
Page 143 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup "Attenuation" Enter the attenuation of the voltage divider according to the selected scale. The conversion from linear to logarithmic values depends on the "Vertical unit" of the probe: For voltage-based unit (V and A):...
Page 144 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Vertical setup One filter is applied to a pair of channels. If you filter only on the input channels, you can apply different filters to the channels - one filter for channels 1 and 2 and another filter for channels 3 and 4.
Page 145: Probes
1383 TRIGger<m>:COUPling 5.6 Probes With R&S RTO6 digital oscilloscopes, you can use various probe types. Mostly these probes are passive and active voltage probes. The "Probes" dialog provides all probe- relevant information. The instrument can detect many probes and read out the probe-specific parameters, for example, bandwidth and attenuation.
Page 146: Shared Probe Settings
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes ● Probe attributes.....................168 ● Calibration results....................169 ● Probe adapter R&S RT‑Z2T..................169 5.6.1 Shared probe settings Some of the settings in the "Probes" tab are available for all probes. An external attenuation can be set on the "Other" tab, see "External attenuation: Scale,...
Page 147: Settings For The R&S Probe Interface (Voltage Probes)
5.6.2 Settings for the R&S probe interface (voltage probes) Active voltage probes with Rohde & Schwarz probe interface provide special features: the micro button and the ProbeMeter. Furthermore, the R&S RTO6 can read out the attenuation of the probe. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 148 Micro button action......................148 ProbeMeter......................... 149 Probe unit, Auto attenuation If the probe is recognized by the R&S RTO6, the instrument reads the attenuation unit and value from the probe an displays them. Remote command: on page 1345 PROBe<m>:SETup:ATTenuation[:AUTO]? Micro button action Active voltage probes with Rohde &...
Page 149 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes "Find trigger Sets the trigger level automatically to 0.5 * (MaxPeak – MinPeak). level" Creates and saves a report using the report settings. See also Chap- "Create report" ter 12.4.1, "Report settings", on page 480.
Page 150: Setup For Passive Probes
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes The ProbeMeter always measures the common mode and differential voltages. Single-ended voltages are calculated values: + 0.5 * V and V - 0.5 * V Remote command: on page 1348 PROBe<m>:PMETer:VISibility on page 1348 PROBe<m>:SETup:DISPlaydiff...
Page 151 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Figure 5-7: Probe setup for passive probe The following shared probe settings are available: ● "Type, Name, Bandwidth" on page 146 ● "Detect AutoZero, Use AutoZero" on page 147 If a passive probe is connected, the probe attenuation is read out and shown in the "Setup"...
Page 152: Setup For Active Voltage Probes
Active voltage probes with Rohde & Schwarz probe interface have an integrated data memory that contains identification data and individual probe correction parameters. The R&S RTO6 can detect these probes and read out the data. Furthermore, these probes have a micro button and a ProbeMeter.
Page 153 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes 5.6.4.1 R&S RT-ZS single-ended probes Figure 5-8: Probe setup for active single-ended probe R&S RT-ZS20 The only setting for R&S RT-ZS probes is the channel offset. See "Offset" on page 139. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 154 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes 5.6.4.2 R&S RT-ZD differential probes Figure 5-9: Probe setup for active differential probe R&S RT-ZD40 The offset is the differential offset. See "Offset" on page 139. Specific settings for R&S RT-ZD probes are the following:...
Page 155 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Remote command: on page 1352 PROBe<m>:SETup:ZAXV 5.6.4.3 R&S RT‑ZPR power rail probes ‑ ZPR Figure 5-10: Probe setup for power rail probe R&S RT The offset is the channel offset. See "Offset"...
Page 156 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes AC Coupling Enables AC coupling in the R&S RT‑ZPR power rail probes, which removes DC and very low-frequency components. The R&S RT‑ZPR probe requires 50 Ω input termina- tion, for which the channel AC coupling is not available. The probe setting allows AC coupling also at 50 Ω...
Page 157: Modular Probes
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Range Sets the voltage range of a R&S RT-ZHD probe. You can set the range on the probe control box or at the oscilloscope. "Auto" The voltage range is set only at the oscilloscope with "Vertical scale".
Page 158 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes ● Setup parameters of modular probes..............158 ● Deembedding for modular probes.................159 ● Termination voltage with R&S RT‑ZMA40 SMA module........161 5.6.5.1 Setup parameters of modular probes The basic setup parameters of all modular probes are the measurement mode and the offset settings.
Page 159 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes "DM" Differential mode input voltage (V ), the voltage between the positive and negative input terminal. "CM" Common mode input voltage (V ), the mean voltage between the positive and negative input terminal vs. ground.
Page 160 Consider that most tip modules support the full bandwidth of the probe, but some tip modules have limited bandwidth. If deembedding option R&S RTO6-K121 is active, the instrument uses the effective bandwidth that is set in the "Deembedding" > "Setup" dialog box.
Page 161 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Remote command: on page 2565 DEEMbedding<m>:COMPonent<n>:LOAD:IMPedance? on page 1361 PROBe<m>:DEEMbedding:LOAD:IMPedance 5.6.5.3 Termination voltage with R&S RT‑ZMA40 SMA module Termination voltage is relevant if you use the R&S RT‑ZMA40 SMA module. The SMA module applies a termination voltage (±4 V) to the DUT to enable measurements...
Page 162: Setup For Predefined Probes
Remote command: on page 1357 PROBe<m>:SETup:TERM:MEASure? 5.6.6 Setup for predefined probes Probes that cannot be detected, but their characteristics are known to the R&S RTO6 are called "Predefined probes". The following shared probe settings are available: ● "Type, Name, Bandwidth"...
Page 163 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Figure 5-14: Probe setup for R&S RT-ZD01 Specific settings for predefined probes are the following: Predefined probe......................163 Offset to mean......................164 Line impedance......................164 Predefined probe List of probes that are known to the instrument. The instrument lists only probes that match the instrument coupling and, if connected, also the used adapter.
Page 164: Setup For Current Probes
147 Current probes R&S RT-ZCxx The current probes R&S RT-ZCxx have BNC connectors. They are known to the R&S RTO6 as predefined probes, see Chapter 5.6.6, "Setup for predefined probes", on page 162. Demagnetizing and zero adjustment is done on the probe, see the pro- be's User Manual for details.
Page 165 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Figure 5-15: Probe setup for current probes R&S RT-ZC10 Current probes R&S RT-ZCxxB Current probes R&S RT-ZCxxB have a Rohde & Schwarz probe interface; they are powered and remotely controlled by the oscilloscope.
Page 166 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Figure 5-16: Probe setup for current probes R&S RT-ZC20B For all current probes, attenuation or gain is shown in the "Setup" tab, and you can set the offset to mean: ● "Probe unit, Auto attenuation"...
Page 167: Setup For Unknown Probes
1362 PROBe<m>:SETup:OFFSet:STPRobe 5.6.8 Setup for unknown probes If the R&S RTO6 cannot detect the probe, and the probe is not a predefined one, you can set the probe parameters manually. The following shared probe settings are available: ●...
Page 168 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes Figure 5-17: Probe setup for an unknown probe Set the unit and the attenuation or gain of the probe: "Vertical unit, Attenuation, Gain" on page 152. 5.6.9 Probe attributes To check the attributes of the connected probes, select "Info" in the "Vertical" >...
Page 169 II interface. 1. Connect the R&S RT‑Z2T adapter to the channel input. 2. Connect the probe to the adapter. The instrument identifies the adapter. The R&S RTO6 lists the supported Tektronix probes as "Predefined probe". User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 170 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Probes 3. Select "Menu" > "Vertical" > "Probes". The dialog shows that the R&S RT‑Z2T probe interface adapter is connected. 4. To see the information on the adapter, select "Adapter Attributes". 5. Select the "Predefined probe" in the "Probes" tab.
Page 171: R&S Rt-Zvc Probe
R&S RT-ZVC probe 5.7 R&S RT-ZVC probe With the R&S RTO6 and option R&S RTO6-B1E, you can use the R&S RT-ZVC multi- channel power probe. It has an integrated 2- or 4-channel amperemeter and 2- or 4- channel voltmeter. The probe provides parallel measurements of analog or digital, volt- age/current signals with excellent 18-bit resolution.
Page 172 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe 5.7.1 R&S RT-ZVC overview 5.7.1.1 Setup Access: [App Cockpit]> "Analysis" > "Multi-channel probe" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct probe is selected on the left side.
Page 173 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Offset The vertical center of the selected channel is shifted by the offset value and the signal is repositioned within the diagram area. Negative offset values move up the waveform, positive values move it down.
Page 174 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Bandwidth Sets the bandwidth limit of all R&S RT-ZVC probes. The bandwidth specifies the maxi- mum frequency at which a purely sinusoidal signal is still transferred at 89 % (1 dB) of its amplitude.
Page 175 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Measurement Impedance Sets the impedance of the probe channel for power calculations and measurements. Remote command: on page 1373 ZVC:Z<m>:V<n>:IMPedance on page 1368 ZVC:Z<m>:I<n>:IMPedance 5.7.1.3 Zero compensation Access: [App Cockpit]> "Analysis" > "Multi-channel probe"> "ZeroComp" tab Zero compensation is used to avoid negative currents in measurement results, and to improve the measurement accuracy.
Page 176 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe 5.7.2 ZVC voltage settings Access: [App Cockpit]> "Analysis" > "Multi-channel probe"> "Setup" tab > "Setup" icon of voltage channel See also: ● Scale ● Offset Channel Selects the voltmeter channel to be configured.
Page 177 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Bandwidth Displays the bandwidth of the current channel. You can set the probe bandwidth in the "Setup" dialog. Remote command: on page 1373 ZVC:Z<m>:V<n>:BANDwidth? Skew Sets the skew, a delay value, that is known from the circuit specifics but cannot be compensated by the instrument automatically.
Page 178 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Channel Selects the amperemeter channel to be configured. State Enables the corresponding current channel of the probe. The number of available channels depend on the characteristics of your multi-channel power probe.
Page 179 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 R&S RT-ZVC probe Skew Sets the skew, a delay value, that is known from the circuit specifics but cannot be compensated by the instrument automatically. Remote command: on page 1372 ZVC:Z<m>:I<n>:SKEW Shunt mode Selects the internal or external shunt mode.
Page 180: Differential Signals
ZVC:Z<m>:I<n>:OVERload:RSTO 5.8 Differential signals With R&S RTO6, you can easily analyze differential signals using single-ended probes, or even cables. The instrument processes the input of single-ended probes on analog channels and creates the differential and common mode waveforms. Similar to Rohde &...
Page 181 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Differential signals 5.8.1 Settings of differential signals Access: "Menu" > "Vertical" > "Differential" Figure 5-18: Setup of differential signals without deembedding User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 182 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Differential signals Figure 5-19: Setup of deembedded differential signals Enable Activates the differential signal. Remote command: on page 1380 DIFFerential<m>:STATe P, N Select the analog input channel of the positive and negative signal.
Page 183 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Differential signals In the diagram, you see the output waveforms, and the signal icons of the input chan- nels are grayed out. The input channels are only visible if "P" or "N" are selected as output.
Page 184 To remove the parasitic effects of the measurement setup from the measured signal, you can use deembedding for differential signals. Deembedding requires option R&S RTO6-K121. The deembedding of differential signals is represented by one or more 4-port input components. You can activate deskewing, and set a skew time.
Page 185: Setting Up The Waveform
® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Setting up the waveform When you disable a deembedded differential signal in "Vertical" > "Differential Signals", deembedding is also disabled. When you enable the differential signal again, repeat the deembedding and output settings.
Page 186 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Setting up the waveform Two connector pins are located on the front panel. The pin is on ground level. The pin supplies a square wave signal with 1 kHz for low frequency probe compensa- tion.
Page 187 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Setting up the waveform 7. Select the "Coupling". 8. Adjust the vertical "Scale", and the vertical "Position". 9. Proceed with the acquisition setup, see Chapter 5.9.4, "Setting the acquisition", on page 187. 5.9.4 Setting the acquisition Prerequisites: ●...
Page 188 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Setting up the waveform To start and stop continuous acquisition 1. Check if the trigger mode is set to "Norm". The trigger mode is shown in the trigger label in the upper right corner of the screen.
Page 189 ® Acquisition and waveform setup R&S RTO6 Setting up the waveform 2. Tap "Fast segmentation" to activate the fast segmentation mode. 3. If you want to sample the maximum number of acquisitions in a series, enable "Acquire maximum". If you want to capture a defined number of acquisitions, disable "Acquire maxi- mum"...
Page 190: Triggers
● Trigger mode The R&S RTO6 provides various trigger types for troubleshooting and signal analysis, for example, edge trigger, glitch trigger, interval trigger, pattern trigger, and much more. For complex tasks like verifying and debugging designs, advanced trigger settings are available: ●...
Page 191: Setting Up The Trigger
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Setting up the trigger Trigger sequence A complex trigger sequence joins two or more separate trigger conditions with an optional delay time and an optional reset time or reset condition. Similar setups are also known as multi-step trigger or A/B trigger.
Page 192 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Setting up the trigger ● In the "Mode / Holdoff" tab, set the "Trigger mode" to "Normal". 6.2.2 Positioning the trigger By positioning the trigger on the time axis, you define which part of the waveform is displayed: mainly the pre-trigger part, or the post-trigger part, or the part around the trigger point.
Page 193: Trigger Types
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types A dialog opens where you can configure the second event. 6. Optionally, set the "After 1st event wait" that the instrument waits after an A-trigger until it recognizes B-triggers. 7. Set the "2nd event count". The last B-trigger causes the trigger.
Page 194: Basic Trigger Settings
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types The settings in the tab are: ● Basic trigger settings.....................194 ● Edge........................196 ● Glitch........................197 ● Width........................198 ● Runt........................199 ● Window......................... 201 ● Timeout......................... 203 ● Interval........................204 ● Slew rate....................... 205 ●...
Page 195 Serial pattern, see page 213 ● TV/Video trigger, see page 215 ● CDR trigger, see page 1118 (requires option R&S RTO6-K13) Restrictions: ● If the external trigger input is used as trigger source, the analog edge trigger is the only available trigger type.
Page 196: Edge
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Find level Sets the trigger level automatically to 0.5 * (MaxPeak – MinPeak). The function is not available for an external trigger source and the TV trigger. Remote command: on page 1392 TRIGger<m>:FINDlevel 6.3.2 Edge Access: "Menu"...
Page 197: Glitch
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Remote command: on page 1391 TRIGger<m>:LEVel<n>[:VALue] 6.3.3 Glitch Access: "Menu" > "Trigger" > "Setup" tab > "Type = Glitch" The glitch trigger detects pulses shorter or longer than a specified time. It identifies deviation from the nominal data rate and helps to analyze causes of even rare glitches and their effects on other signals.
Page 198: Width
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Remote command: on page 1394 TRIGger<m>:GLITch:WIDTh Trigger level Sets the voltage level for the trigger condition. You can also drag the trigger level marker on the display (TA or TB on the right edge of the display). The range of the trig- ger level is limited in a way so that always a hysteresis for stable trigger conditions is available.
Page 199: Runt
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types "Negative" Triggers on negative going pulses. Remote command: on page 1394 TRIGger<m>:WIDTh:POLarity Range Selects how the range of a pulse width is defined: "Within" Triggers on pulses inside a given range. The range of the pulse width is defined by "±Delta"...
Page 200 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types remaining below a specified threshold amplitude because I/O ports are in undefined state. Polarity Indicates the polarity of a pulse, that is the direction of the first pulse slope. "Positive" Selects positive going pulses.
Page 201: Window
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types "Within" Triggers if the runt length is inside a given time range. The range is defined by "Runt width" and "±Delta". "Outside" Triggers if the runt length is outside a given time range. The range definition is the same as for "Within"...
Page 202 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Vertical condition Selects how the signal run is compared with the window: "Enter" Triggers when the signal crosses the upper or lower level and thus enters the window made up of these two levels.
Page 203: Timeout
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Remote command: on page 1400 TRIGger<m>:WINDow:WIDTh ±Delta Defines a range around the "Width" value. Remote command: on page 1400 TRIGger<m>:WINDow:DELTa 6.3.7 Timeout Access: "Menu" > "Trigger" > "Setup" tab > "Type = Timeout" The timeout trigger checks if the signal stays above or below the threshold voltage for a specified time lapse.
Page 204: Interval
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Time Defines the time limit for the timeout at which the instrument triggers. Remote command: on page 1401 TRIGger<m>:TIMeout:TIME 6.3.8 Interval Access: "Menu" > "Trigger" > "Setup" tab > "Type = Interval" The interval trigger analyzes the time between two pulses.
Page 205: Slew Rate
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types "Within" Triggers on pulse intervals inside a given range. The range is defined by "Interv. width" and "±Delta". "Outside" Triggers on intervals outside a given range. The range definition is the same as for "Within" range.
Page 206 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Slope Sets the edge type for the trigger condition. "Positive" Selects the rising edge, that is a positive voltage change. "Negative" Selects the falling edge, that is a negative voltage change. "Both" Selects the rising as well as the falling edge. This option is not availa- ble if the trigger source is the external trigger input.
Page 207: Setup & Hold
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types "Within" Triggers on slew rates inside a given time range. The range is defined by "Slew rate" and "±Delta". "Outside" Triggers on slew rates outside a given time range. The range defini- tion is the same as for "Within" range.
Page 208 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Clock source Selects the input channel of the clock signal. Remote command: on page 1406 TRIGger<m>:SETHold:CSOurce[:VALue] on page 1411 TRIGger<m>:SPATtern:CSOurce[:VALue] Clock edge Sets the edge of the clock signal to define the time reference point for the setup and hold time: Rising edge, a positive voltage change.
Page 209: State
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Use data level for clock level Sets the trigger levels and hysteresis values for all channels to the values of the cur- rently selected trigger source. The function affects only the levels defined for the selected condition.
Page 210: Pattern
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types The individual settings are: ● "Slope" on page 196 ● "Pattern" on page 211 ● "Trigger Levels" on page 212 ● "Find level" on page 196 ● "Use data level for clock level" on page 209 6.3.12 Pattern...
Page 211 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Pattern The pattern contains the channel selection, and the logical operations structure of hardware-based Boolean logic. "Channel" Select the channels to be considered. For qualification, you can select all channel signals except for the trigger source. In pattern trig- ger setup, the trigger source channel is selected by default, and you can select all other channel signals.
Page 212 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types "Logical Defines the logic combination of two sources. The sources are chan- nel 1/2 and channel 3/4 on the first step, and in the second step the operator" logical combination resulting from the first step.
Page 213: Serial Pattern
For convenient and comprehensive triggering on specific serial data, options for serial protocol analysis are provided. If option R&S RTO6--K13 is installed, you can use the recovered clock signal for the serial pattern trigger instead of a real clock signal, see Chapter 18.3.2.3, "Serial pattern...
Page 214 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Clock / CDR Selects if an explicit clock or a CDR signal is used as a reference signal for the serial pattern trigger. "CDR" Uses clock data recovery. See Chapter 18.3.2.3, "Serial pattern trig- ger using CDR",...
Page 215: Tv/Video Trigger
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Remote command: on page 1407 TRIGger<m>:SCOupling Pattern The pattern contains the bits of the serial data to be found in the data stream. The maximum length of the pattern is 128 bit. Touch and hold the "Pattern" field to open the "Bit Pattern Editor"...
Page 216 Most video signals have an output impedance of 75 Ω. The channel inputs of the R&S RTO6 have an input impedance of 50 Ω or 1 MΩ. Make sure to provide the ade- quate matching to ensure amplitude fidelity. A simple 75 Ω feed-through termination combined with 1 MΩ...
Page 217 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Mode Selects the lines or fields on which the instrument triggers. Available modes depend on the scanning system of the selected standard. "All fields" Triggers on the first video line of the frame (progressive scanning) or field (interlaced scanning), for example, to find amplitude differences between the fields.
Page 218 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Trigger types Figure 6-2: Signal with positive polarity and tri-level sync pulse Remote command: on page 1414 TRIGger<m>:TV:POLarity Pulse type Sets the type of the sync pulse, either bi-level sync pulse (used in SDTV signals), or tri- level sync pulse (used in HDTV signals).
Page 219: Nfc Trigger
1415 TRIGger<m>:TV:CUSTom:SCANmode 6.3.15 NFC trigger The Near Field Communication (NFC) trigger triggers on characteristic events of NFC signals. This trigger type requires option R&S RTO6--K11 "I/Q Software Interface". For details, see Chapter 17.4, "NFC trigger", on page 1066 6.3.16 CDR trigger...
Page 220: Mode / Holdoff
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Mode / Holdoff For information on triggering on serial buses, see the "Trigger" chapter of the relevant protocol. 6.3.18 Triggering on parallel buses and digital channels Triggering on digital signals requires the Mixed Signal Option. The option is described Chapter 14, "Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S...
Page 221 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Mode / Holdoff "Auto" The instrument triggers repeatedly after a time interval if the trigger conditions are not fulfilled. If a real trigger occurs, it takes prece- dence. This mode helps to see the waveform even before the trigger conditions are set correctly.
Page 222: Conditioning
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Conditioning "Events" Defines the holdoff as a number of trigger events. The next trigger only occurs when this number of events is reached. The number of triggers to be skipped is defined in "Holdoff events". "Random"...
Page 223 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Conditioning Hysteresis mode Selects how the hysteresis is set. "Auto" Automatic hysteresis is the recommended mode. The hysteresis is set by the instrument to reject the internal noise of the instrument. "Manual" The hysteresis is defined directly in absolute or relative values.
Page 224: Actions On Trigger
The action settings define what happens when a trigger occurs. All available actions can be initiated at the same time. The R&S RTO6 can provide an external trigger signal to synchronize the measure- ments of other instruments. The trigger out signal is also adjusted and enabled in the "Action"...
Page 225 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Actions on trigger Actions on trigger The trigger can initiate several actions, each time a trigger occurs. To activate an action, set it to "On trigger". The following actions are available: "Beep" Generates a beep sound.
Page 226: Qualification
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Qualification "Polarity" Sets the polarity of the trigger out pulse, that is the direction of the first pulse edge. "Delay" Only available if "Trigger out" is set to "On trigger". The setting defines the delay of the first pulse edge to the trigger point. The mini- mum delay is 800 ns.
Page 227 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Qualification By qualifying a trigger event, you can logically combine the trigger signal with the state of other analog channel signals. The instrument triggers if both of the following apply: ● The basic conditions of the trigger event definition are fulfilled.
Page 228 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Qualification "Channel" Select the channels to be considered. For qualification, you can select all channel signals except for the trigger source. In pattern trig- ger setup, the trigger source channel is selected by default, and you can select all other channel signals.
Page 229: Sequence
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Sequence 6.8 Sequence A trigger sequence consists of at least one trigger condition and additional conditions defining when the trigger occurs. The trigger sequence "A → B → R", for example, consists of two subsequent conditions: A-trigger and B-trigger with optional B-trigger delay and count.
Page 230 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Sequence The B-trigger is the second condition of the trigger sequence. You can configure a delay between the A- and B-trigger, and define a number of fulfilled B-trigger conditions to be ignored. The B-trigger condition is configured in the same way as the A-trigger.
Page 231 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Sequence "A → Zone" Triggers if the conditions of the A-event and the zone trigger are fulfil- led. A holdoff condition also can be set. "A → B → R → Triggers if all conditions of A- and B-events, reset timeout or R-event (reset) conditions are fulfilled for the defined zone.
Page 232: Zone Trigger
® Triggers R&S RTO6 Zone trigger Example: If you have configured the A-trigger at last, and the trigger level for C1 is 70 mV, ena- bling the coupling sets the trigger levels for C1 in the B- and R trigger also to 70 mV. If the B-trigger and/or R-trigger use another source as the A-trigger, the level remains unchanged.
Page 233 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Zone trigger "Masks" > "Mask Definition" dialog box. You can also use existing masks in the zone trigger. The zone trigger and usual mask tests run in parallel. If you switch off a mask test that is used by the zone trigger, the mask is removed from the zone trigger expression automatically.
Page 234 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Zone trigger Use existing masks for zone trigger Prerequisites: At least one mask is created and visible on the display. 1. Tap the "Zone trigger" icon on the toolbar. 2. In the signal bar, select if the signal must violate the zone to cause a trigger (Must Intersect), or vice versa (Must Not Intersect).
Page 235 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 Zone trigger Logical trigger condition If all required mask tests and zones are defined, you can type the logical expression directly, or use the trigger condition editor. All logical combinations are available in the editor. To express the "Must Not Intersect" condition, use the logic NOT.
Page 236: External Trigger Input
Most of the R&S RTO6 trigger types use the digitized trigger signal. If the trigger source is the external trigger input, the trigger comparator uses the analog input signal.
Page 237 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 External trigger input Ground If the selected trigger source is the external trigger input, you can connect the trigger input to the ground. Remote command: on page 1436 TRIGger<m>:ANEDge:GND Coupling You can set the coupling in the trigger configuration.
Page 238 ® Triggers R&S RTO6 External trigger input "RF reject" Frequencies higher than the "Cut-off" frequency are rejected, lower frequencies pass the filter. You can adjust the "Cut-off" frequency, the default is 50 kHz. Remote command: on page 1434 TRIGger<m>:ANEDge:FILTer on page 1435 TRIGger<m>:ANEDge:CUToff:HIGHpass...
Page 239: Waveform Analysis
7.1.1 Methods of zooming The R&S RTO6 provides various ways of zooming: You define the section of a diagram that you want to magnify, and the zoomed view is shown in a separate zoom diagram.
Page 240 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom Figure 7-1: Numeric zoom using start and stop values – Specifying the x- and y-position of the centerpoint of the area plus a range for the x- and y-axes; the area defined by that centerpoint and the ranges is zoomed.
Page 241 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom 7.1.2 Zoom settings The zoom area, i.e. the section to be enlarged, can be defined using two different methods: ● Using the zoom functions on the toolbar and draw the zoom area on the touch- screen ●...
Page 242 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom The "Zoom" tab allows you to specify start and stop values for the x- and y-axes. The acquired data within these ranges is zoomed. Additionally, you can enable a "Zoom Overlay" in the "Menu" > "Settings" > "Appear- ance"...
Page 243 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom X start ← Start/Stop Defines the lower limit of the zoom area on the x-axis. Remote command: on page 1440 LAYout:ZOOM:HORZ:ABSolute:STARt on page 1442 LAYout:ZOOM:HORZ:RELative:STARt X stop ← Start/Stop Defines the upper limit of the zoom area on the x-axis.
Page 244 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom X range ← Position/Range Defines the width of the zoom area. Remote command: on page 1440 LAYout:ZOOM:HORZ:ABSolute:SPAN on page 1441 LAYout:ZOOM:HORZ:RELative:SPAN on page 1635 SEARch:RESDiagram:HORZ:ABSolute:SPAN on page 1636 SEARch:RESDiagram:HORZ:RELative:SPAN Y position ← Position/Range Defines the y-value of the centerpoint of the zoom area.
Page 245 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom 7.1.3 Zooming for details The usage of the various zoom methods is described in the following procedures: ● To define the zoom area graphically on the touchscreen ● To define the zoom area numerically using start/stop values ●...
Page 246 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom Figure 7-3: Zoom diagram and overview diagram 3. If the position of the zoom area is not correct, drag the rectangle in the overview to the correct position. 4. If the size of the zoom area is not yet ideal, tap the rectangle in the overview dia- gram.
Page 247 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom 5. Select the "Y mode" to define "Absolute" or "Relative" y-axis values. 6. Define the "Y start" and "Y stop" values that define the lower and upper borders (respectively) of the zoom area on the y-axis.
Page 248 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Zoom An additional zoom diagram is displayed for the new zoom area, and another rect- angle in the original diagram indicates the new zoom area. Each rectangle in the overview has the same color as the corresponding zoom diagram frame.
Page 249: Reference Waveforms
® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms If you move one of the coupled zoom areas in the diagram, all other coupled zooms are moved as well, and their distance is kept unchanged. To use the hardware zoom In contrast to the normal zoom, the hardware zoom changes the instrument settings - horizontal and vertical scales, and also the trigger level and offset.
Page 250 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms 2. Tap the icon. The overlay menu opens. 3. Set "Update" to the reference waveform to be used. 4. Tap the waveform to be used as reference waveform. To display a reference waveform 1.
Page 251 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms 4. Select the file format. Note: Reference waveforms can be loaded only from BIN files. XML and CSV for- mats are meant for further processing in other applications. 5. To save the waveform to the currently selected file, tap "Save". By default, the pre- fix for reference waveform files is "RefCurve".
Page 252 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms In the "Setup" tab, you select the reference waveform and its source. The source can be an active waveform - trace of an input channel, math waveform or another refer- ence waveform - or a stored waveform.
Page 253 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms Remote command: on page 1448 REFCurve<m>:UPDate File Opens a file selection dialog box and loads the selected reference waveform file. Double-tap the filename to open the file selection dialog box, see also Chapter 12.5, "File selection...
Page 254 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms Restore Settings Resets the time scale and the reference point to the original values of the reference waveform. Remote command: on page 1449 REFCurve<m>:RESTore 7.2.2.3 Vertical Access: [Ref] key > "Vertical" tab Mode Selects the type of vertical settings: "Coupled to...
Page 255 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Reference waveforms 7.2.2.4 Rescale Access: [Ref] key > "Rescale" tab Vertical Rescaling Stretching and offset change the display of the waveform independent of the vertical scale and position. Enable ← Vertical Rescaling If enabled, the vertical offset and factor are applied to the reference waveform.
Page 256: Mathematics
® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics Mode ← Vertical Rescaling Selects the type of horizontal settings: "Adjust to X The current horizontal settings of the diagram are used. Axis" "Original Scal- Horizontal scaling and reference point of the source waveform are ing"...
Page 257 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics The vertical scale of a math waveform is adapted automatically to the measurement results to ensure optimal display. Furthermore, you can scale each math waveform manually in vertical direction like a channel waveform. As for channel waveforms, you can also change the arithmetic mode for the waveform to display the envelope or an average over several calculations.
Page 258 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics 7.3.2 Math setup - general settings You can define up to eight different math waveforms. Each waveform is defined in a separate tab in the "Math" dialog box ("M1" to "M8"). The settings for input of mathematical formulas are described in separate chapters: ●...
Page 259 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics The setting is relevant for waveforms with waveform arithmetic mode "Envelope" or with "Peak detect" decimation. All mathematic operations - except for derivation - can be applied to envelope waveforms and waveforms with "Peak detect" decimation.
Page 260 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics Source 1 / 2 Defines the signal source to be evaluated by the math function. Waveform 1 of channel signals can be selected. Note: If you require other signal sources not listed here, use the formula editor provi- ded in the Equation tab.
Page 261 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics 3. Tap the "Source 1" and "Source 2" icons and select the signal sources to which the math function is applied. For details on available signal sources, see "Source 1 / 2" on page 260.
Page 262 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics Remote command: ● on page 1456 CALCulate:MATH<m>[:EXPRession][:DEFine] Buttons of the formula editor and their usage Table 7-1: Basics Icon Description Usage/Comment, FormulaEditor expression left bracket enclose operands comma separates operands right bracket enclose operands e / π...
Page 263 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics Icon Description Usage/Comment, FormulaEditor expression Meas measurement waveform Meas<1...8> Track track waveform Track<1...8> Table 7-3: Cursor keys Icon Description Usage/Comment, FormulaEditor expression |← move cursor to beginning ← move cursor 1 step to the left →...
Page 264 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics 7.3.4.4 Math functions: bit operations Table 7-6: Bit operations Icon Description Usage/Comment, FormulaEditor expression digitize convert to 0 or 1 digitize(x) The function uses the middle reference level and the hysteresis, which are set in "Menu" > "Measure" >...
Page 265 / unbiased normalization for correlation and see above auto correlation Mathematic background for correlation: The R&S RTO6 uses only the real part of the signal. Two modes of normalization are supported: biased and unbiased. Equation 7-1: Biased correlation Equation 7-2: Unbiased correlation...
Page 266 Mathematics Mathematic background for auto correlation: Equation 7-3: Biased auto correlation Equation 7-4: Unbiased auto correlation The R&S RTO6 uses only the real part of the signal. 7.3.4.8 Math functions: filter and power Table 7-10: Filter and power (More keys)
Page 267 RTO6 Mathematics 7.3.4.9 Math functions: CDR The clock data recovery function requires at least one of the options R&S RTO6-K12, or R&S RTO6-K133, or R&S RTO6-K134. Hardware CDR requires option R&S RTO6--K13. Table 7-11: Clock data recovery (More keys) Icon...
Page 268 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics The step-like signal to be analyzed is a time domain waveform, and the result is a math waveform in the frequency domain. To get useful results, check and adjust the following settings: 1. Place the analyzed step of the signal in the left half of the time domain diagram.
Page 269 Insert the closing bracket using the ")" key. The resulting expression could be, for example: rescale(Ch1Wfm1,3,4) 7.3.5 Filters The R&S RTO6 provides several ways to filter the input signal: ● Lowpass filter by selecting a bandwidth limit in the acquisition path (vertical chan- nel settings) "Analog"...
Page 270 Matlab and the sample rate at the oscilloscope to the same value. If the values differ, the filter is shifted in frequency. In R&S RTO6, in the "Math" > "Setup" > "Filter", select the filter "Type" = "User defined", and load the CSV file.
Page 271 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics FIR(tpye,source,limit,shape) ● Type is lowpass or highpass ● Source is the input channel of the signal. ● Limit is the cut-off frequency. Consider the range of possible values, see "Cut-off frequency for lowpass FIR filter"...
Page 272 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics Vertical scaling mode (Manual/Auto) By default, the vertical scale is adapted to the current measurement results automati- cally to provide an optimal display. However, if necessary, you can define scaling val- ues manually to suit your requirements.
Page 273 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 Mathematics In this tab you can specify the waveform arithmetic for the math waveforms. Mode Waveform arithmetic builds the resulting waveform from several consecutive acquisi- tions and subsequent math calculations of the signal. For details, see "Arithmetic"...
Page 274: History
® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History ● It sets the number of acquisitions to be acquired in a fast segmentation acquisition series. Thus, you can acquire exactly one fast segmentation acquisition series with [Single]. If fast segmentation is enabled and configured to acquire the maximum number of acquisitions, the acquisition count is set to that maximum number and cannot be changed.
Page 275 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History Total memory 10 history waveforms 4 waveforms acquired 4 history waveforms History memory at time = t Discarded earlier waveforms 12 waveforms acquired 10 history waveforms History memory at time = t Figure 7-5: History memory. In this example, the memory can store 10 waveforms.
Page 276 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History Export of history waveforms 7.4.2 History setup The "History" dialog contains the complete functionality on history viewing and informa- tion. The most important information and functions are also provided in the quick-access history dialog box.
Page 277 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History Sets the oldest acquisition in the sample memory as "Start acquisi- tion" and "Current acquisition". Starts and stops the replay of the history waveforms from "Start acquisition" to "Stop acquisition". Sets the newest acquisition in the sample memory as "Stop acquisi- tion"...
Page 278 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History Time stamp The time stamp shows the time of the currently displayed history acquisition. Thus, the time relation between acquisitions is always available. The time stamp "Mode" can be absolute or relative: ● In "Absolute" mode, the instrument shows the date and the daytime of the current acquisition.
Page 279 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 History To display a particular acquisition 1. In the quick-access "History" dialog box, enter the number of the required acquisi- tion in the "Current acq" field. The newest acquisition always has the index "0", older acquisitions have a negative index.
Page 280: Xy-Diagram
® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 XY-diagram To save the history data You can save the complete history, or some subsequent waveforms from the history, or a single history waveform. You can also decide to save the complete waveforms, or a part of each waveform.
Page 281 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 XY-diagram You can display up to four different XY-diagrams that use the voltage level of a wave- form as the x-axis, rather than a time base. Make sure to select the tab of the required XY-diagram.
Page 282 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 XY-diagram ● The results of a mathematical function Remote command: on page 1467 WAVeform<m>:XYCurve:XSOurce Y-source Defines the source to be used as the y-axis of the XY-diagram. Select one of the fol- lowing: ● One of the waveforms of any channel ●...
Page 283 ® Waveform analysis R&S RTO6 XY-diagram The diagram is converted into an XY-diagram. To set up an XY-diagram 1. Press the [App Cockpit] key. 2. In the >"Analysis" tab, tap the "XY-Diagram". 3. Enable the "XY-diagram". 4. In the "X-source" field, define the signal source that supplies the x-values of the XY-diagram.
Page 284: Measurements
Cursor measurements 8 Measurements Using the R&S RTO6 you can perform and display different measurements simultane- ously, based on the active signal or math waveforms. The color of the results in the result table corresponds with the source waveform color.
Page 285 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements For details on using the result box, see Chapter 3.3.7, "Displaying results", on page 58 "Result position" on page 85. 8.1.1.1 Cursor measurements on time-based waveforms The cursor for measurement on time-based waveforms returns the following results.
Page 286 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements ● Starting a simple cursor measurement..............286 ● Configuring a cursor measurement...............286 ● Configuring the cursor display................288 ● Saving measurement results to file............... 288 8.1.2.1 Starting a simple cursor measurement To display cursors using the toolbar 1.
Page 287 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements ● Press the [Cursor] key. ● Use the overlay menu: – Double-tap a measurement result in the results table. – Adjust source, type, and positions of the cursor lines in the overlay menu. –...
Page 288 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements 8.1.2.3 Configuring the cursor display By default, the cursors are displayed as lines in the diagrams and labeled according to the syntax: Cu<cursor set number>.<1|2> For example, the cursors for the cursor set 2 are labeled 2.1 and 2.2. The horizontal and the vertical cursors lines have the same labels.
Page 289 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements Figure 8-2: Setup for cursor on 1 source, with waveform tracking Figure 8-3: Setup for cursor on 2 sources Cu1, Cu2, Cu3, Cu4 The settings for each cursor measurement (or cursor set) are configured on separate tabs.
Page 290 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements Cursor On/Off Enables the selected cursor measurement. Remote command: on page 1469 CURSor<m>:STATe Type Defines the cursor type to be used for the measurement. ● Horizontal cursors (Y-cursors) Horizontal cursors are positioned automatically along the waveform and can be adjusted manually ●...
Page 291 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements Envelope selection 1|2 Envelope selection is effective under the following conditions: ● The waveform arithmetic of the cursor source waveform is set to envelope wave- form (see "Arithmetic" on page 130) ● "Track waveform" is enabled.
Page 292 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements Cu1, Cu2, Cu3, Cu4 The settings for each cursor measurement (or cursor set) are configured on separate tabs. For each cursor set, a horizontal pair of cursors, a vertical pair of cursors, or both can be displayed.
Page 293 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements X1 label, X2 label Defines a label to be displayed with the vertical cursors. By default, the cursors are labeled as Cu1.X1, Cu1.X2, Cu2.X1, Cu2.X2, Cu3.X1, Cu3.X2, Cu4.X1, Cu4.X2. Remote command: on page 1475 CURSor<m>:LABel:X<1..2>...
Page 294 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Cursor measurements Cu1, Cu2, Cu3, Cu4 The settings for each cursor measurement (or cursor set) are configured on separate tabs. For each cursor set, a horizontal pair of cursors, a vertical pair of cursors, or both can be displayed.
Page 295: Automatic Measurements
1514 MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:PEXCursion 8.2 Automatic measurements The R&S RTO6 can perform many measurements in parallel. The measurements are combined in up to 8 measurement groups. In addition, you can run the quick measure- ment. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 296 ● Jitter measurements (available if one of the jitter options is installed) ● Protocol: available for audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Protocol: advanced analysis (available if option R&S RTO6-K500 is installed) Frequency domain ● Spectrum: measurements on spectrum waveforms ●...
Page 297 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.1 Measurement setup in general Up to 8 measurement groups can be defined. Each measurement group is configured in its own subtab. For each measurement group, the category and the source are defined in the "Setup" tab, and you can also enable statistic evaluation. Available sour- ces and measurements depend on the selected category, for example, histogram mea- surements need a defined histogram as source.
Page 298 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 3. Select the measurement "Category", for example, "Amp/Time". 4. Tap "Source" and select the waveform to be measured. Spectrum measurements require an FFT math waveform as measurement source. Histogram measurements require a histogram as source.
Page 299 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 9. To compile and display statistics for the measurement, enable "Statistics". See also Chapter 8.2.12.1, "Statistics", on page 356. 10. Optionally, perform a limit or margin check as described in Chapter 8.2.13.1, "Per- forming limit checks",...
Page 300 ● Jitter measurements (available if one of the jitter options is installed) ● Protocol: available for audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Protocol: advanced analysis (available if option R&S RTO6-K500 is installed) Frequency domain ● Spectrum: measurements on spectrum waveforms ●...
Page 301 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements "Minimum" Measurements are performed on the lower envelope. Remote command: on page 1492 MEASurement<m>:ENVSelect Statistics Enables the calculation and display of statistical results. Remote command: on page 1533 MEASurement<m>:STATistics[:ENABle] 8.2.2 Measurement results By default, the results of automatic measurements are displayed below the waveform diagram when an automatic measurement is enabled.
Page 302 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Long-term measurements are performed on the measurement that is selected for analysis and math on the "Result Analysis" tab. See: Chapter 8.2.12, "Result analysis", on page 355 ● Intermediate results You can display auxiliary result lines and reference levels in the source diagram, Chapter 8.2.2.2, "Configuring the results...
Page 303 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.2.2 Configuring the results display The measurement results can be displayed in a table below the waveform diagrams, in a floating result box, or in a minimized result icon on the signal bar. The display settings for measurements are provided on the "Gate/Display" tab, see Chapter 8.2.2.3, "Display settings for...
Page 304 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Result lines Result lines mark the samples in the waveform that are used to obtain the measure- ment result. For example, maximum, minimum, high and low values, and mean are merked by horizontal lines; start and end are marked by vertical lines.
Page 305 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 5. Tap the "Use gate" icon to enable the gate usage. The measurement is performed on the selected part of the waveform. The gate is shown in the diagram. 8.2.3.2 Gate settings for measurements Access: [Measure] >...
Page 306 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements "Relative" The gate's start and stop values are defined by a percentage of the value range. Remote command: on page 1573 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:GATE:MODE on page 1547 MEASurement<m>:GATE:MODE on page 1632 SEARch:GATE:MODE (Relative) Start Defines the starting value for the gate.
Page 307 ● If fixed levels are defined for the DUT, you can configure the reference levels in the R&S RTO6 correspondingly and analyze the resulting measurement data. In manual configuration, the reference levels can be set relatively to defined signal lev- els or as absolute values.
Page 308 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements In addition to reference and signal levels, you can define a hysteresis for the middle reference level and tubes for signal levels. Hysteresis is useful for measurements that determine zero-crossings. Period, frequency, and pulse measurements are based on hysteresis - the instrument returns results if the amplitude of the signal exceeds the hysteresis.
Page 309 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 4. Under "Level definition", select whether you want to define the levels using abso- lute or relative values. 5. Under "User level", select whether you want to configure the high and low signal levels ("Signal") or the lower, middle and upper reference levels ("Reference").
Page 310 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements To display reference levels and result lines 1. Open "Menu" > "Measure" > "Advanced" tab. 2. Select the tab for the measurement you want to configure. 3. Enable "Result lines" or "Reference levels" option, or both.
Page 311 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Figure 8-5: Manual reference level mode, relative level definition In manual reference level mode with absolute level definition, you define the absolute values of high and low signal levels or reference levels, and the distances between ref- erence and signal levels.
Page 312 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Signal level Defines the computation method for high and low signal levels. The instrument ana- lyzes the signal, performs amplitude and histogram measurements, and defines the signal levels using the selected method. The selected method is used to compute the signal levels for determination of refer- ence levels in automatic reference level mode.
Page 313 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Relative levels Sets the lower, middle and upper reference levels, defined as percentages of the signal amplitude. Available relative levels: ● 5/50/95 ● 10/50/90 ● 20/50/80 ● User defined: Enter "Upper ref level", "Middle ref level", and "Lower ref level".
Page 314 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Top distance The distance between the high signal level and the upper reference level - for manual reference level mode and absolute level definition. Remote command: on page 1557 REFLevel<m>:ABSolute:TDIStance Bottom distance The distance between the lower reference level and the low signal value - for manual reference level mode and absolute level definition.
Page 315 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements See also: Source Level definition. Hysteresis Defines a hysteresis for the middle reference level. A rise or fall from the middle refer- ence value that does not exceed the hysteresis is rejected as noise.
Page 316 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Relative outer Defines a percentage of the signal level by which the absolute signal level may be larger than the high signal level or lower than the low signal level to be considered high or low, respectively.
Page 317 Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements The R&S RTO6 provides various voltage, time, area and counting measurements in the category "Amp/Time". Some measurements require reference levels to be set according to the measurement purpose. Reference levels are explained in Chapter 8.2.4, "Reference levels",...
Page 318 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Symbol Description/Result Pos. overshoot Positive overshoot of a square wave, calculated from measure- ment values High, Max, and Amplitude      Neg. overshoot Negative overshoot of a square wave, calculated from measure- ment values Min, Low, and Amplitude ...
Page 319 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Symbol Description/Result Pos. pulse Width of a positive pulse: time between a rising edge and the PosPulse following falling edge measured on the middle reference level. The measurement requires at least one complete period of a triggered signal.
Page 320 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Symbol Description/Result Pos. switching Settling time at rising edges: Time between crossing the lower PosSw reference level and the last return of the signal into the top toler- ance tube. also:Chapter 8.2.4.3, "Advanced tab",...
Page 321 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Table 8-3: Area measurements Meas. type Symbol Description/Result Area Area between the waveform and a reference level ("Area level",  Eval   Eval    Eval  : Evaluation time, time of a full waveform or limited by a...
Page 322 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements If further settings are available for a measurement, a settings icon is shown beside the measurement's name in the "Active measurements" list. Tap the icon to configure the measurement. Figure 8-7: Selected active measurements, some have further settings Figure 8-8: Settings for cycle area measurement This chapter explains all settings for amplitude/time measurements.
Page 323 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Pulses slope Sets the first slope of the pulses to be counted. The setting is available only for the "Pulse count" measurement. "Positive" Positive pulses are counted. "Negative" Negative pulses are counted. "Either" Both positive and negative pulses are counted.
Page 324 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements "Level selec- Selects the reference level on which the time is measured. tion" "Slope" Sets the edge of each source, between which the delay is measured: positive, negative, or either of them. "Direction" Selects the direction for counting slopes for each source: from the beginning of the waveform, or from the end.
Page 325 Selects the reference level of the clock on which the time is measured. The intersec- tion of slope and reference level defines the time point for measurements. The setting is used for setup and hold measurements, and for jitter measurements (option R&S RTO6-K12). Remote command: on page 1497 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:CLCK<n>:LSELect...
Page 326 The intersection of slope and reference level defines the time point for measurements. For clock jitter measurements (option R&S RTO6-K12), it sets the "Reference level" for the time measurement. Remote command: on page 1497 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:DATA<n>:LSELect...
Page 327 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Trigger event Trigger level Trigger source Slope Reference level Measurement source Delay to trigger To configure the trigger conditions, use the trigger setup. To set up the slope, additional settings appear in the measurements "Setup" dialog box.
Page 328 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Type Selects the type of arithmetic measurement: "Measure- Performs an arithmetic operation between two measurement results. You can select from the measurements enabled for "Amp/Time" or ment" "Spectrum". Figure 8-9: Arithmetic with two measurement results "Constant"...
Page 329 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Operand 1 Selects the first operand for the arithmetics. You can select one of the measurements, that is enabled for the current measurement group. Remote command: MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:ARIThmetic:PARameter<n>:AMPTime on page 1506 on page 1502 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:ARIThmetic:PARameter<n>:AMPTime MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:ARIThmetic:PARameter<n>:SPECtrum...
Page 330 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Remote command: on page 1500 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:ARIThmetic:COUNit on page 1505 MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:ARIThmetic:COUNit 8.2.5.4 Measuring the delay to trigger Delay to trigger measures the time between the trigger point and the following slope of a waveform. If the delay is unknown, it can be measured in two stages - first a coarse and then a precise measurement.
Page 331 The eye diagrams are a superposition of repetitively sampled waveforms, which have a length of about 1 bit. There are two ways to generate eye diagrams on the R&S RTO6: ● Standard eye diagrams, which are a superposition of repetitively sampled digital data.
Page 332 The extinction ratio is an indication of efficiency. It describes the ratio of the power used to transmit a logic level 1, to the energy used to trans- mit a logic level 0. The R&S RTO6 provides extinction ratio measure- ments as a percentage, and in decibels: ER (%) = Eye base / Eye top *100 Prerequisite: Eye base >...
Page 333 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Description/Result Noise (RMS) Quadratic mean of the noise of eye top and eye base Noise (RMS) = (σtop + σbase)/2 S/N ratio Signal-to-noise ratio SNR = 10 * log (Eye amplitude / Noise RMS)
Page 334 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements To obtain optimized settings for an eye measurement, use the "Autoset" function that is provided on the right side of the tab. Autoset Defines optimized settings for eye diagram measurements on the selected source.
Page 335 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.7.1 Overview of spectrum measurements Table 8-7: Spectrum measurements Meas. type Description, result Channel power Power integrated over the sample values defined by a center frequency and a bandwidth; based on a defined impedance. The result is given in dBm.
Page 336 R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Description, result THD_f, THD_a, These measurements require option R&S RTO6-K37 Spectrum analy- THD_u, THD_r sis. Total harmonic distor- THD_f is the root mean square of the sum of all amplitudes of the har- tion...
Page 337 Consider also a gated measurement if the instrument cannot return any result. Figure 8-12: Parameters of channel power measurement Figure 8-13: Parameters of peak list measurement (with option R&S RTO6-K37) Enable Enables the peak list measurement for the spectogram.
Page 338 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Remote command: on page 1513 MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:CPOWer:CFRequency Occup. BW Percentage of the total power used to determine the occupied bandwidth. Remote command: on page 1513 MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:OBANdwidth Threshold Defines an absolute threshold as an additional condition for the peak search. Only peaks that exceed the threshold are detected.
Page 339 1515 MEASurement<m>:SPECtrum:RESult<n>:MODE Result labels For peak lists only, requires option R&S RTO6-K37: Use labels to describe the detec- ted peaks in the spectrum diagram. You can configure what is displayed in the labels. To change the label design, use "Menu"...
Page 340 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.8 Histograms and histogram measurements 8.2.8.1 Histogram characteristics Histograms are used to plot density of data, i.e. to display graphically how often which signal values occur. The histogram can be based on the input signal levels (ampli- tudes) or the timebase in a time domain measurement, or on frequencies or frequency levels in a spectrum measurement.
Page 341 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.8.2 Overview of histogram measurements There are various measurements available to analyze histograms. Note that graphical changes is the diagram, e.g. changing the diagram size or the size of the result table, reset the histogram measurements in run and stop mode.
Page 342 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Table 8-8: Histogram measurements Meas. type Description/Result Waveform count The number of acquisitions (waveforms) the histogram is based on Waveform samples The number of samples from the most recent acquisition included in the current histogram...
Page 343 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Description/Result Mean ±σ The range between (mean value + standard deviation) and (mean value - standard deviation) σ Mean ±2*σ The range between (mean value + 3 * standard deviation) and (mean value - 2 * standard deviation) σ...
Page 344 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.8.3 Creating histograms Histograms can be used to evaluate the sample value occurrences directly. They are a prerequisite for histogram measurements. To create a histogram quickly with toolbar icons 1. Select the waveform for which you need a histogram.
Page 345 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8. Enable the histogram. 8.2.8.4 Histogram setup "Menu" > "Apps" > "Analysis" tab > "Histogram" In this dialog box, you configure histograms on which you can perform further mea- surements. Enable Enables or disables the histogram evaluation and display. The histogram settings are kept until the histogram is deleted.
Page 346 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Remote command: on page 1523 LAYout:HISTogram:MODE Reset Resets the values to begin a new histogram. Remote command: on page 1527 LAYout:HISTogram:RESet Mode (Horizontal / Vertical) Defines whether the value range limits are entered as absolute or relative values.
Page 347 MEASurement<m>:HISTogram:PROBability:TYPE Probability domain marker, Delta Defines a range around the marker. Remote command: on page 1529 MEASurement<m>:HISTogram:PROBability:LIMit 8.2.9 Jitter measurements Jitter measurements are availabe if one of the following options is installed: ● R&S RTO6-K12 User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 348 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements ● R&S RTO6-K133 ● R&S RTO6-K134 Chapter 18.1, "Jitter measurements (options R&S RTO6-K12/K13)", on page 1069. 8.2.10 Optical measurements This dialog provides settings for testing optical signals. Optical measurements require an optical power signal provided by an optical probe.
Page 349 Sets the end value of the range for the optical modulation amplitude. Remote command: on page 1519 MEASurement<m>:OPTical:OMAMplitude:RELative:STOP 8.2.11 Protocol measurements (option R&S RTO6-K500) Option R&S RTO6-K500 provides specific measurements on automotive and Ethernet protocols. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 350 If option R&S RTO6-K500 is installed, enhanced measurements on the supported serial buses are possible. With it, you can measure various dependencies between the frames. Additional to option R&S RTO6-K500 you need one of the following serial protocol options: ●...
Page 351 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Meas. type Description / result Frame error rate Sum of all frames with errors divided by all frames within the acquisition window Consecutive frame error Measures the rate at which at least two consecutive frames have an error rate 8.2.11.2...
Page 352 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements The types of available frames and fields are depending on the enabled protocol. Table 8-11: Available protocol frames Protocol Frame Field Address 2. Addr Data MISO Word MOSI CAN/CAN FD Remote Data Data Overload...
Page 353 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Protocol Frame Field RFFE Register 0 Write Register Write Register Read Extended Register Write Addr Extended Register Read Mask Extended Register Write Long Data Extended Register Read Long Interrupt Summary and Identifica- tion Masked Write...
Page 354 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements on page 1541 MEASurement<m>:PROTocol:F2FRame:VALFrom on page 1541 MEASurement<m>:PROTocol:F2FRame:VALTo Trigger to frame Opens a dialog to set up the parameters for the trigger to frame measurement. The types of available frames are depending on the enabled protocol, see Table 8-11.
Page 355 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements "Value" Sets a value for the selected field. "Field to be Selects the type of field which value is tracked over time. tracked" Remote command: on page 1542 MEASurement<m>:PROTocol:FLDValue:FLD on page 1542 MEASurement<m>:PROTocol:FLDValue:FRM on page 1542 MEASurement<m>:PROTocol:FLDValue:TRCK...
Page 356 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 8.2.12.1 Statistics Statistics can be compiled for each measurement group separately, and also for long- term measurements. If enabled, statistical results are shown in the result box. By default, all events in each acquisition are measured and incuded in the statitics: the measurement result is not only determined once within one acquisition, but repeatedly, if available.
Page 357 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements ● on page 1487 MEASurement<m>:RESult:PPEak? ● on page 1487 MEASurement<m>:RESult:RMS? ● on page 1487 MEASurement<m>:RESult:STDDev? ● on page 1487 MEASurement<m>:RESult:WFMCount? ● on page 1489 MEASurement<m>:RESult:STARt? ● on page 1489 MEASurement<m>:RESult:STOP? ● on page 1486 MEASurement<m>:ARNames...
Page 358 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 2. Select the subtab for the measurement group you want to configure. 3. Under "Long term", tap "Enable". 4. Since the waveform can change in the process of time, enable "Continuous auto scale" to adapt the scaling automatically.
Page 359 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements 2. Activate the measurement group. 3. Select the "Result Analysis" tab. 4. Enable the track. See also: "Enable (Track)" on page 361. 8.2.12.5 Settings for result analysis The settings in the "Result Analysis" tab activate and configure long-term measure- ments, statistical calculations, and the histogram of measurement results over a longer period of time.
Page 360 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Remote command: on page 1483 MEASurement<m>:MAIN Enable (Long term) Enables long-term measurement of the main measurement. Long-term measurements are performed on the "Measurement for plot". Remote command: on page 1538 MEASurement<m>:LTMeas[:STATe] Enable (Histogram) Displays a histogram of measurement results - the cumulative occurrence distribution of measurement results in a graphic.
Page 361 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements If "Continuous auto scale" is enabled, the instrument determines the number of bins based on the timebase, the current measurements, and other settings. To set the num- ber of bins manually, disable "Continuous auto scale".
Page 362 In this dialog box, you define the horizontal scale of long-term measurement diagrams. The length of the long-term measurement is defined by the number of points. If option R&S RTO6-K510 I²S Audio Signals is installed, the trend diagram is config- ured here.
Page 363 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Remote command: on page 1535 MEASurement<m>:STATistics:MODE Time / point Defines the time to create one point of the long-term measurement. The "Time / point" value is a lower time limit. The actual time between two points depends on the acquisi- tion and postprocessing time.
Page 364 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements ● Statistical results. Limit and margin violations of statistical results are indicated by icons in the result box. These violations do not initiate an action. See also: Chapter 8.2.2.1, "Measurement status", on page 302 8.2.13.1...
Page 365 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements Type Selects and enables the limit or margin check. "Off" No limit check is performed. "Limit only" Limits are checked for violation. "Margin & Margins and limits are checked for violation. Limit" Upper limit, Lower limit, Upper margin, Lower margin, Valid range Set the limits and margins for each measurement, and also specify the valid range.
Page 366 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements The settings are only visible if "Limit check" is enabled. Remote command: on page 1499 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:LCHeck<n>:LOWer:LIMit on page 1499 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:LCHeck<n>:LOWer:MARGin on page 1499 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:LCHeck<n>:UPPer:LIMit on page 1499 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:LCHeck<n>:UPPer:MARGin on page 1498 MEASurement<m>:AMPTime:LCHeck<n>:VALid To check limits and margins of jitter measurements, use the AMPTime remote com- mands.
Page 367 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Automatic measurements For each action, you can define the event on which the action is initiated: ● On violation The action is initiated when the limits or margins are exceeded during the mea- surement. ● On successful completion The action is initiated when a defined number of acquisitions has been captured, and the limits or margins were not exceeded.
Page 368: Quick Measurements
® Measurements R&S RTO6 Quick measurements 8.3 Quick measurements Quick measurement performs a set of up to eight amplitude/time measurements on one source, simply by tapping the "Quick measurement" toolbar icon. The results are displayed in a results box. You can configure the measurement to be included in quick measurement.
Page 369 ® Measurements R&S RTO6 Quick measurements 5. Select the measurements that you want to add to the quick measurement. 6. Tap "OK". 7. A "Settings" icon indicates whether further settings are required. Tap the measure- ment. A dialog box opens, where you can adjust the measurement.
Page 370: Spectrum Analysis
FFTs per capture by dividing one capture into several segments, or frames. Thus, the R&S RTO6 can visualize how the frequency content of a signal changes over time which helps to detect intermittent or sporadic signal details. Further- more, the R&S RTO6 allows consecutive frames to overlap.
Page 371 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis The overlapping factor can be set freely. The higher the overlap factor, the more frames are used. This leads to more individual results and improves detection of transi- ent signal effects. However, it also extends the duration of the calculation. The size of the frame depends on the number of input signal values (record length), the overlap factor, and the FFT size (number of samples used for FFT calculation).
Page 372 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Gate length Gate position Gate t[s] Center frequency f[Hz] Frequency span Restricting the result range You can restrict the results of the FFT analysis to a specified frequency range. The fre- quency range can be defined in two ways: ●...
Page 373 "Unwrap" function. Dependencies between FFT parameters FFT analysis in the R&S RTO6 is highly configurable. Several parameters, including the resolution bandwidth, frequency span and center frequency, can be defined according to your requirements. Note, however, that several parameters are correlated and not all can be configured independently of the others.
Page 374 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis ● FFT -dφ*df (group delay): the negative derivative of the phase with respect to fre- quency; useful to measure phase distortion 9.1.2 Configuring spectrum waveforms During FFT analysis, a signal in the time domain is converted to a spectrum of frequen- cies.
Page 375 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis 3. Double-tap the editing area. The "Formula Editor" is displayed. 4. Delete the contents of the edit field. 5. Tap the "More" key to display further functions in the editor. 6. Tap the required FFT function key.
Page 376 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis 3. Disable the "Span/RBW coupling". 4. Specify the frequency range you want to display using one of the following meth- ods: ● Enter a "Center frequency" and a "Frequency span" that define the spectrum.
Page 377 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis being used ("Use Gate" disabled). The RBW is adapted so that the record length can be acquired in the specified acquisition time. However, the RBW is restricted, so that data acquisition may fail if the record length is too long for the specified acquisition time.
Page 378 In this tab, you define the settings for the FFT window. The display can be restricted to the results for a certain time base extract and to a specified frequency range. Additional settings are available on this tab if the Spectrum analysis option (R&S RTO6-K37) is installed. Chapter 9.2.4, "Spectrogram configuration settings", on page 392.
Page 379 If activated, a diagram for the defined math waveform is displayed on the touch screen. Remote command: on page 1456 CALCulate:MATH<m>:STATe Frequency axis (R&S RTO6-K37 only) Defines the scaling method for the frequency (x-) axis of the spectrogram. "Logarithmic" Logarithmic scaling "Linear Unit"...
Page 380 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Remote command: on page 1566 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:LOGScale Center frequency Defines the position of the displayed frequency range, which is (Center - Span/2) to (Center + Span/2). The width of the range is defined using the "Frequency span" set- ting.
Page 381 Various different window functions are provided in the R&S RTO6 to suit different input signals. Each of the window functions has specific characteristics, including some advantages and some trade-offs. Consider these characteristics carefully, to find the optimum solution for the measurement task.
Page 382 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis If this option is disabled, the preset color of the selected channel source is displayed, and the intensity of the specific signal color varies according to the cumulative occur- rence of the values. For spectrum diagrams, this setting corresponds to the common waveform display.
Page 383 Determines the minimum result for each input value from the data of the current acquisition and the acquisitions before. Only available if option R&S RTO6-K37 is installed. "MaxHold" Determines the maximum result for each input value from the data of the current acquisition and the acquisitions before.
Page 384 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis 9.1.3.3 FFT gating Access: [FFT] > "FFT setup" > "Gate" tab FFT gating allows you to restrict FFT analysis to a certain time base of the input signal. If no gate is used, you can define the record length as dependent on the RBW, or the RBW as dependent on the record length (which is defined by the acquisition time).
Page 385 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Zoom ← Gate Definition Zoom coupling is available if a zoom is defined. As long as "Zoom coupling" is enabled, the gate area is defined identically to the zoom area - if you change the zoom, the gate changes as well.
Page 386 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Record Length/RBW Coupling The record length and resolution bandwidth are coupled during FFT analysis. If you change one value, the other must be adapted accordingly. You can keep either value constant, thus preventing automatic adaptation when the other parameter is changed.
Page 387 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Coupled to M1...M8 Copies the current FFT settings of the selected math waveform (M1...M8) to the other selected math waveforms, and couples those waveforms. Thus, if any FFT setting for any of the coupled spectrums are changed, they are changed for all coupled spec- trums.
Page 388 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis Figure 9-1: Scale settings of magnitude spectrum Figure 9-2: Scale settings of phase spectrum See also: ● Vertical scaling mode (Manual/Auto) ● Vertical Offset User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 389 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 FFT analysis ● Vertical Scale Unit Defines the scaling unit for magnitude display. Available units depend on the unit of the selected source waveform. "Linear" displays the RMS value of the voltage. Remote command: on page 1575 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:MAGNitude:SCALe...
Page 390: Spectrum Analysis (Option R&S Rto6-K37)
1577 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:PHASe:THReshold 9.2 Spectrum analysis (option R&S RTO6-K37) This chapter describes the Spectrum analysis option R&S RTO6-K37. 9.2.1 Spectrogram display The Spectrum analysis option provides a new diagram for spectrum waveforms: a spectrogram. When you enable a spectrogram, three windows are displayed: the power vs.
Page 391 Chapter 8.1.1.2, "Cursor measurements on spectrum waveforms", on page 285. 9.2.3 Configuring spectrograms Spectrograms are only available if the Spectrum analysis option R&S RTO6-K37 is activated. 1. Tap the "Spectrogram" icon on the toolbar. The "Spectrogram" overlay menu opens. 2. Select the source of the spectrogram.
Page 392 9.2.4 Spectrogram configuration settings Access: [FFT] > "FFT setup" > "Spectogram" tab Spectrograms are only available if the option R&S RTO6-K37 is activated. Further- more, a math (FFT) waveform must be configured and enabled. Chapter 9.1.2, "Configuring spectrum waveforms", on page 374.
Page 393 ® Spectrum analysis R&S RTO6 Spectrum analysis (option R&S RTO6-K37) Display Enables the spectrogram display. If enabled, a new signal icon for the spectrogram is displayed on the signal bar ("SGx"). Remote command: on page 1581 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:SPECtrogram:STATe Time line 1/2 A time line marks a single spectrum in the spectrogram, that is: the power vs frequency results for the data acquired at a specific time.
Page 394: Mask Testing
"mask", which is laid over the input signal in the display. Thus you can easily detect where the signal violates the mask. Mask testing with R&S RTO6 has only a minor impact on the acquisition rate, thus mask violations are detected fast and reliably.
Page 395 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 About mask testing Acq. completed Number of tested acquisitions. Remote command: on page 1597 MTESt:RESult:COUNt:WAVeforms? Acq. remaining Remaining acquisitions until "Average count / Nx Single count" is reached. The value is useful if you test a specified number of acquisitions with action "Stop acquisition"...
Page 396: Mask Test Settings
® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Test result A test has failed if the number of sample hits or acquisition hits exceeds the limit of "Violation tolerance" hits. Remote command: on page 1597 MTESt:RESult[:RESult]? 10.2 Mask test settings 10.2.1 Define mask...
Page 397 Chapter 10.2.2, "Mask definition", on page 398. Save / load mask Provides all functions to store and recall a mask test. The mask definition, defined actions and fail conditions are stored in an R&S RTO6-specific .xml file. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 398 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings "Open" Opens a dialog box where you can select the file name. See also: Chapter 12.5, "File selection dialog", on page 482. "Save, Save Stores the specified file. As" Remote command: on page 1585...
Page 399 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Alternatively, you can set the corner points on the touch screen and adjust the values in the "Mask Definition" tab. To save the mask, select the "Define Mask" tab and save the mask test.
Page 400 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings on page 1588 MTESt:SEGMent:REGion on page 1587 MTESt:SEGMent:COUNt? Configure Opens a dialog to define the selected segment. Definition of segment The number of the selected segment is shown above the table. In the definition table, the individual points of the selected mask segment are listed with exact horizontal and vertical numerical coordinates.
Page 401 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Rescale You can rescale and move mask segments by numerical input of factors and offsets. The values change the selected mask segment and take effect on "Apply". Offset X ← Rescale Moves the mask segment horizontally. The specified offset is added to the x-values of all points of the selected mask segment.
Page 402 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings A waveform mask is created from an existing waveform. The waveform builds the upper and lower limit line of the mask, and the limits are moved and stretched. The result is a tolerance tube around the waveform that is used as mask.
Page 403 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Signal The reference waveform is created from the selected "Source". Sets the reference waveform from which the mask is created. Create ← Signal Creates the upper and lower mask limit from the "Source" and "Ref used in mark". If the reference waveform was not defined before, it is created automatically from the mask test "Source"...
Page 404 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Figure 10-3: Waveform mask with vertical width = 0.5 div Remote command: on page 1593 MTESt:WFMRescale:YWIDth Vertical stretch Sets the vertical scaling to stretch the mask in y-direction. The scaling axis is the hori- zontal line through the lowest value of the lower mask limit.
Page 405 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Figure 10-5: Waveform mask with vertical width = 0.5 div and vertical position = -0.5 div Remote command: on page 1594 MTESt:WFMRescale:YPOSition 10.2.3 Define Test Access: [App Cockpit] > "Analysis" tab > "Mask" > "Define Test"...
Page 406 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings ● "Acquisitions": Considers the number of acquisitions that contain at least one sam- ple hit. How many samples hit the mask in that acquisition is not relevant. "Violation tolerance" sets the number of tolerable sample hits or acquisition hits.
Page 407 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask test settings Remote command: on page 1595 MTESt:ONViolation:PRINt Save waveform ← Action on mask Saves the waveform data to a file according to settings in "Menu" > "Save/Recall" > "Save" tab > "Waveforms". Remote command:...
Page 408: Mask Testing On Eye Diagrams
87 10.3 Mask testing on eye diagrams To perform mask testing on eye diagrams, the option R&S RTO6-K12 adds a special mask definition type to the common mask definitions: the definition type "Eye". Using the "Eye" mask type, you can easily define eye masks of various shapes. You can also use "User"...
Page 409 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask testing on eye diagrams Shape Defines the outline of the eye mask: square, diamond, hexagon or octagon. Remote command: on page 1600 MTESt:EYEMask:TYPE Horizontal center/Vertical center Set the horizontal (time) and vertical (voltage) values of the eye shape enter and thus define the position of the eye shape on the display.
Page 410 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Mask testing on eye diagrams Remote command: on page 1600 MTESt:EYEMask:WIDTh<m>[:VALue] Main height (H1), Minor height (H2) Main height defines the height of all eye mask shapes. Minor height defines the secon- dary height for octagon mask shapes.
Page 411: Working With Masks
® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks Convert to user mask Converts the test and mask definitions of the current mask test to a new mask test of type "User". The new test is opened in a separate mask test tab, in the "Define Mask" tab.
Page 412 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks 3. Tap "Finish segment". Now you can enter another segment to the current mask test or add a new mask test. 4. To finish the mask definition, close the overlay menu. If the acquisition is running, the mask test starts automatically and immediately.
Page 413 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks Adding points to an existing segment graphically is not possible. With the numerical method, in the "Define Mask" tab, you have all modification possi- bilities. You can delete and add points and segments, change the coordinates, and also stretch a segment, or move it by adding an offset.
Page 414 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks To change the mask definition numerically The settings mentioned here are described in detail in Chapter 10.2.2, "Mask defini- tion", on page 398. 1. Open [App Cockpit] > "Analysis" tab > "Mask" > "Define Mask".
Page 415 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks e) To move the selected point, change the X- and Y-values. To rescale and move a mask segment The settings mentioned here are described in detail in Chapter 10.2.2, "Mask defini- tion", on page 398.
Page 416 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks 10.4.2 Setting up a mask test In addition to the mask definition, the mask test contains further settings: ● The waveform to be tested ● The criteria for a failed test ●...
Page 417 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks ● Mask with contact: this color shows that the edge of the mask segment was touched. In this case, the resolution is not sufficient to detect if the mask was really hit or not. Zoom into the concerned area to see the correct result.
Page 418 ® Mask testing R&S RTO6 Working with masks 10.4.6 Mask testing on history acquisitions In the same way as for running acquisitions, you can set up and perform the mask test- ing also on history waveforms. The requirements for mask testing on history waveforms are also the same: ●...
Page 419: Search Functions
® Search functions R&S RTO6 Overview: search definition and results 11 Search functions Search functions allow you to detect and analyze specific events in the acquired data quickly and simply. You can search in various waveforms for several events at once.
Page 420: Search Setup
® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup ● Result presentation For each search, you define how the search results are displayed: in a result table and/or in a search zoom window. Remote commands: ● on page 1604 SEARch:ADD ● on page 1605 SEARch:REMove 11.1.2 Search results...
Page 421 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup 11.2.1 Search criteria Access: "Menu" > "Apps" > "Analysis" tab > "Search" > "Setup" tab Enable If you enable a search and run an acquisition, the search is performed continuously on the acquired data until acquisition is stopped.
Page 422 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Depending on the selected source, different search criteria are available. Remote command: on page 1605 SEARch:SOURce Edge, Glitch, Width, Runt, Window, Timeout, Interval, Slew rate, Setup & Hold, State, Pattern Search criteria for analog and digital input signals, math and reference waveforms, and tracks.
Page 423 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup For serial protocol options, search on a serial bus is available. These searches have protocol-specific search criteria. For details, see the relevant chapters of the "Protocol Analysis" chapter. ● Edge........................423 ● Glitch........................424 ●...
Page 424 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup 11.2.2.2 Glitch The glitch search works the same way as the glitch trigger. To apply the trigger settings to search, tap Copy from trigger The glitch search is not available if the search source is a digital channel.
Page 425 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Polarity, Range, Width, ±Delta See trigger settings: ● "Polarity" on page 198 While the width trigger can only analyze positive or negative polarity, searching for a width is also possible for both polarities at the same time ("Either").
Page 426 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Polarity, Range, Runt width, ±Delta Time limit for the runt, see trigger settings: ● "Polarity" on page 197 ● "Range" on page 200 ● "Runt width" on page 201 ● "±Delta" on page 201...
Page 427 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Vertical condition Defines the run of the signal relative to the window, see "Vertical condition" on page 202. Remote command: on page 1619 SEARch:TRIGger:WINDow:RANGe Time condition, Width, ±Delta Set the time limit for the vertical condition, see: ●...
Page 428 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Range, Time Set the timeout condition, see: ● "Range" on page 203 ● "Time" on page 204 Remote command: on page 1616 SEARch:TRIGger:TIMeout:RANGe on page 1616 SEARch:TRIGger:TIMeout:TIME Level Sets the voltage level for trigger search. The value is used for all search event types that require one trigger level.
Page 429 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Slope, Range, Interv. width, ±Delta Set the interval condition, see: ● "Slope" on page 204 While the interval trigger can only analyze rising or falling edges, searching for a width is possible for both edges at the same time ("Either").
Page 430 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Polarity, Range, Slew rate, ±Delta ● "Slope" on page 196 ● "Range" on page 206 ● "Slew rate" on page 207 ● "±Delta" on page 207 Remote command: on page 1615 SEARch:TRIGger:SLEWrate:SLOPe on page 1614...
Page 431 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Clock source, Clock edge, Clock level Set the clock settings. Both "Clock level" and "Clock edge" define the starting point for calculation of the setup and hold time. Remote command: on page 1622...
Page 432 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup 11.2.2.10 State The state search is a qualified edge search. The state search is only available for ana- log channel sources (Ch1 to Ch4). Clock source, Clock edge Define the clock settings. The clock signal is the waveform to be searched.
Page 433 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup Pattern Pattern search settings are the same as for the pattern trigger. See also "Pattern" on page 211. Remote command: on page 1624 SEARch:TRIGger:PATTern:A[:ENABle] on page 1624 SEARch:TRIGger:PATTern:A:LOGic on page 1625 SEARch:TRIGger:PATTern:AB:LOGic on page 1625 SEARch:TRIGger:PATTern:ABCD:LOGic Timing condition: Mode, Range, Time, Width, ±Delta...
Page 434 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search setup 11.2.3 Frequency marker search When you start a search on a spectrum, a frequency marker search is performed to detect peaks in a spectrum. You can define which peaks the instrument finds by defin- ing the noise reject settings.
Page 435: Search Gate
® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search gate 3. Enter a name for the search using the on-screen keyboard. To configure a user-defined search 1. Open the search dialog: "Menu" > "Apps" > "Analysis" tab > "Search". 2. Select the "Setup" tab and the search that you want to configure.
Page 436 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search gate Use gate Enables the gate settings and shows the gate. Search is only performed on the defined gate area of the source waveform. Remote command: on page 1631 SEARch:GATE[:STATe] Display state Displays the gate area in the source diagram.
Page 437 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search gate (Relative) Stop Defines the end value for the gate. Remote command: on page 1573 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:GATE:ABSolute:STOP on page 1574 CALCulate:MATH<m>:FFT:GATE:RELative:STOP on page 1547 MEASurement<m>:GATE:ABSolute:STOP on page 1547 MEASurement<m>:GATE:RELative:STOP on page 1632 SEARch:GATE:ABSolute:STOP on page 1633...
Page 438: Search Display Presentation
® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search display presentation 3. Use one of the following methods: a) Set the absolute or relative "Gate description" . Enter the start and stop values of the gate area. b) If a zoom area has already been defined for the waveform, couple the gate area to the zoom area by selecting the "Couple to zoom"...
Page 439 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search display presentation The following settings configure the layout of the result table in the "Search Results" box and the size and position of the search zoom window. The result tables can be sor- ted by x-position or value. You can define a maximum number of table entries.
Page 440 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search display presentation Export results Opens a dialog to define the export reults. Chapter 12.2.4, "Results", on page 467. 11.4.2 Display zoom settings You can display a zoom window for the currently selected search result. The zoom area is indicated in the diagram that displays the source waveform of the search.
Page 441 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search display presentation on page 1636 SEARch:RESDiagram:VERT:ABSolute:SPAN on page 1637 SEARch:RESDiagram:VERT:RELative:SPAN X mode Defines whether absolute or relative values are used to specify the x-axis values. Remote command: on page 1439 LAYout:ZOOM:HORZ:MODE on page 1635...
Page 442 ® Search functions R&S RTO6 Search display presentation To display search zoom windows 1. In the "Search > Display" tab, enable "Show result zoom". This stops a running search and a running acquisition. The zoom area is indicated in the diagram that displays the source waveform of the search.
Page 443: Data And File Management
® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings 12 Data and file management This chapter describes how to manage instrument settings, and measurement results like waveform data, numeric results and screenshots. The "Save/Recall" dialog provides functions for saving and restoring data on the instru- ment.
Page 444 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings Figure 12-1: Save tab Access to load instrument settings: "Menu" key > "Save/Recall" key > "Recall" tab > "User settings" Figure 12-2: Recall tab User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 445 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings The R&S RTO6 provides the following types of saving and restoring settings: ● Savesets contain the complete instrument and measurement configuration except for user-specific display settings. ● One File contains the saveset and active reference waveform files in a ZIP file.
Page 446 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings Save to file Enter the file name to save the setting data to, and select the file format with the format button on the right. Double-tap the file name to open the file selection dialog box. See also: Chapter 12.5, "File selection...
Page 447 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings the instrument settings, make sure to create a reference waveform from the channel waveform before you save the One File. The waveform generator/pattern generator and the pulse source state is saved as "Off".
Page 448 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings Load from file Select "Open" to open the file selection dialog box, and to select the required file. See also: Chapter 12.5, "File selection dialog", on page 482.
Page 449 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings Save to file The file name to save the data to. By default, user preference file names have the prefix "UserPreferences_". "Save" Saves the data to the selected file.
Page 450 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall user settings 1. On the toolbar, tap the "Saveset with preview " icon. A window opens and shows the screenshot of the first measurement configuration that is stored in the default directory.
Page 451 Tap "Open" to navigate to a different file. Select the file from the file selection dialog box and tap "Select". The saved settings are loaded to the R&S RTO6. To save a One File 1. If you want to save reference waveforms in the One File, create and display the reference waveforms.
Page 452: Save And Recall Waveform Data And Results
Tap "Open" to navigate to a different file. Select the file from the file selection dialog box and tap "Select". The saved settings and reference waveforms are loaded to the R&S RTO6. 12.2 Save and recall waveform data and results Access: "Menu"...
Page 453 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results 12.2.1 Waveform export files Waveforms can be stored in XML, CSV, or BIN format. Reloading waveforms: Restrictions To reload waveform data as a reference waveform, it must be stored in BIN format.
Page 454 Save and recall waveform data and results Table 12-1: Header file properties Value Description General FirmwareVersion Firmware version that is installed on the R&S RTO6 (last entry in the header file) Source Name of the exported waveform Resolution Time between two samples...
Page 455 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Value Description SignalHardwareRecordLength Number of samples actually available in this waveform, including the number of required samples in the waveform and the additional samples needed for further computation LeadingSettlingSamples Relevant only for BIN files.
Page 456 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Value Description BaseYStop Vertical stop value of the waveform Multi channel export The header files contain strings like this: MultiChannelVerticalOffset: 4:1.63:1.96:0:0:1e-005:0:-1e+026:1e+026:1e-005:10:0:V:. Only the first 5 values and the unit at the end of the string are relevant for data analysis.
Page 457 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Value Description WindowType Window used for the spectrum computation ResolutionBW Resolution bandwidth of the spectrum AdjustedResolutionBW Actual resolution bandwidth of a spectrum waveform. The value is only valid if the exported waveform is a spectrum.
Page 458 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results ; ... – Envelope waveform, interleaved x/y data: ;Ymin ; Ymax ; Ymin ; Ymax ; Ymin ; Ymax ; Ymin ; Ymax ; ... ●...
Page 459 No of trailing additional samples = No of additional samples - LeadingSettlingSamples = SignalHardwareRecordLength - SignalRecordLength - LeadingSettlingSamples MSO option R&S RTO6-B1: If the data of digital channels is stored in BIN format, 1 bit is written for each sample. 8 data samples are written in 1 byte (data word).
Page 460 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results 12.2.2 Waveform settings In the "Save - Waveform" dialog, the storage settings for waveform data are defined. See also: Chapter 12.2.7, "Saving and loading waveform data", on page 473.
Page 461 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results If the MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed, you can save also digital channels and parallel buses. Remote command: on page 1649 EXPort:WAVeform:SOURce Selected sources Select the channels to be included in data export if "Multi channel" is enabled. Wave- form1 of up to four input channels can be saved into one file.
Page 462 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Data conversion: To convert INT8 or INT16 data to physical quantities, e.g. voltages, use the following formulas: ConversionFactor = VerticalScale * VerticalDivisionCount / NofQuantisationLevels PhysicalQuantity = (Value_ADC * ConversionFactor) + VerticalOffset - (VerticalScale * VerticalPosition) The raw values are written in the *.Wfm.* file, all other values can be found in the...
Page 463 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results "Save As..." Opens the file selection dialog box and saves the waveform to the selected file. See also Chapter 12.5, "File selection dialog", on page 482 ".bin/.xml/.csv"...
Page 464 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results <value 1> <value 2> <...> You can also select the format of the time stamp in the "Acquire" > "History" dialog. Remote command: on page 1654...
Page 465 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results In this dialog, you can configure the export of the data of a running Nx Single acquisi- tion. Select the channels and scope in the "Setup" tab.
Page 466 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results The waveform histogram export saves data in two files. The *.Wfm.* file contains 256 or 512 absolute or relative histogram values. The other file is the header file.
Page 467 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results The histograms settings are defined in the "Histogram" dialog box ("Menu" > "Apps" > "Analysis" tab > "Histogram"). See also: Chapter 8.2.8.4, "Histogram setup", on page 345.
Page 468 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Access: "Menu" key >"Save/Recall" key > "Save" tab > "Results" Access to the tab is available in all tabs where measurement and analysis settings are defined, for example, in the "Measurements Setup", "Cursors Setup", and "Masks Test Definition"...
Page 469 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results You can define a pattern for automatic naming in the "Menu" > "Settings" > "Save/ Recall" > "Autonaming". "Save" Saves the selected results to the indicated file.
Page 470 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results – Standard deviation – Average – Event count per point: number of measurement results that creates one long- term point – Waveform count per point: number of waveforms included in one long-term point.
Page 471 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results Measurement Selects the measurement to be exported. Remote command: on page 1659 EXPort:MEASurement:SELect Source, Measurement scale Displays the measurement settings source and scale. Export type You can export the result data of the long-term measurement, the measurement histo- gram or the track.
Page 472 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results In this dialog, you can select an eye diagram that you want to export. Eye export saves the accumulated values at each pixel of an eye diagram.
Page 473 .bin file. The data export of several channels into one file is also possible. Files in .bin format can be reloaded to the R&S RTO6 as reference waveforms. Instead of a complete waveform, you can also save a part of it, limited by a previously defined zoom, cursor lines, measurement gate or user-defined time values.
Page 474 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Save and recall waveform data and results "To save a reference waveform" on page 250 To save a waveform or a part of a waveform to a file 1. Open "Menu" and select "Save/Recall" > "Save".
Page 475: Screenshots
Screenshots on a computer using the Web interface If the R&S RTO6 is connected to a LAN, you can create and save screenshots of the instrument's display on a computer. See Chapter 22.3.2, "Web browser",...
Page 476 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Screenshots Example: Reading meta information using the ExifTool. Command: # exif C:\Screenshot_2020-07-14_0_110551.png Result: ExifTool Version Number : 10.20 File Name : Screenshot_2016-07-14_0_110551.png Directory : C:/ File Size : 37 kB File Modification Date/Time...
Page 477 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Screenshots Preview........................477 Update.........................477 White background....................... 477 Inverse color........................478 Show setup dialog.......................478 Show only grid......................478 View/ Annotate......................478 Save to file........................478 Preview Shows a preview of the screenshot. The image is created when the dialog box opens.
Page 478 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Screenshots "White background" "Inverse color" Background Waveform and results Black Inverted colors Black Screen colors Remote command: on page 1662 HCOPy:WBKG Inverse color Inverts the colors of the output, i.e. a dark waveform is shown on a white background.
Page 479 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Screenshots Remote command: on page 1662 HCOPy:DEVice<m>:LANGuage on page 1661 HCOPy:DESTination<1..2> on page 1661 MMEMory:NAME on page 1664 HCOPy:IMMediate<m>[:DUM] on page 1664 HCOPy:IMMediate<m>:NEXT on page 1645 MMEMory:DELete 12.3.2 Configuring and saving screenshots You can edit the image, invert all colors, and set the background color. A preview of the current image is shown for reference.
Page 480: Reports
® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Reports 12.4 Reports Reports document the current measurement and test results. The report contains gen- eral information, current vertical and horizontal settings, trigger settings, active chan- nels and all current results except for zoom and search results. A screenshot is also included.
Page 481 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 Reports Remote command: on page 1665 REPort:LANGuage Paper size Selects the paper size: A4 or US Letter. Remote command: on page 1665 REPort:PAPersize Edit before saving Enables you to edit the report info when you save reports using the [Camera] key.
Page 482: File Selection Dialog
® Data and file management R&S RTO6 File selection dialog 12.5 File selection dialog The file selection dialog provides a file explorer from which you can select a file to load or to save data to. You can also manage your files in this dialog.
Page 483 ® Data and file management R&S RTO6 File selection dialog Save, Select Selects the specified file for the open or save operation and closes the dialog box. Cancel Closes the dialog box without selecting a file. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 484: Protocol Analysis
® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis 13 Protocol analysis Using the serial protocol options for the R&S RTO6, you can analyze various serial protocols. ● Basics of protocol analysis..................484 ● I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510)................494 ● SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510)................509...
Page 485 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis Triggering on a trigger event sequence is not supported, and holdoff settings are not available. ● Protocol decoding: The digitized signal data is displayed on the screen together with the decoded content of the messages in readable form, and the decode results are listed in a table.
Page 486 MIPI D-PHY Chapter 13.23.2, "D-PHY configu- ration", on page 875 MIPI M-PHY, D-PHY, C- PHY Buses MIPI M-PHY Chapter 13.24, "M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 K570)", on page 891 RTO6-K590 8b/10b Chapter 13.25.2, "8b/10b configu- ration", on page 922...
Page 487 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis 13.1.2 Autoset for protocols If you want to perform a quick protocol measurement, you can use the "Autoset" func- tion. It allows you to find the correct instrument settings for the desired protocol. It dis- plays at least one decoded frame after the execution.
Page 488 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis For some protocols, the result table provides a button to show the details of the selected frame. Label Lists For all protocols using ID or address identification, it is possible to create label lists containing addresses or IDs, a symbolic name for each node (symbolic label), and some protocol-specific information.
Page 489 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis Data format Sets the data format for the values displayed in the decode table and in the combs of the decoded signal. Remote command: on page 1672 BUS<m>:FORMat Show symbols Activates the symbols list to be used for decoding. The "Label" appear in the "Decode results"...
Page 490 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis Command lines Command lines define the version of the PTT file and the protocol name: ● @FILE_VERSION: must appear exactly once in the file ● @PROTOCOL_NAME: must appear at least once in the file. Thus, one file can contain several label lists for different protocols.
Page 491 "Search" dialog: here you can configure protocol-specific search settings. ● In the "Measurements" dialog, you can perform additional measurements for some protocols. See Chapter 8.2.11, "Protocol measurements (option R&S RTO6- K500)", on page 349. ● "Export reults": in the "Save Results" dialog, you can select the decode results you want to export, the file format, and the delimiter.
Page 492 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis 13.1.6 Export protocol results In the "Export Protocol Results" dialog, you can export the results and all details of the selected protocol. Include frame timing Includes the frame timing. Remote command: on page 1673 BUS<m>:EXPResult:TIME...
Page 493 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Basics of protocol analysis File format Selects the file format. ● ".csv": the values are saved in a file. You can select the value delimiter and the list separator symbol in the "CSV Export" dialog, see Chapter 4.8.2, "CSV...
Page 494: I²C (Option R&S Rto6-K510)
Where applicable, frequently used values are provided in a "Predefined values" list below the pattern table, for example, reserved end words of data packets in the UART protocol. 13.2 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) The Inter-Integrated Circuit is a simple, low-bandwidth, low-speed protocol used for communication between on-board devices.
Page 495 ● Acknowledge: takes place after every byte. The receiver of the address or data sends the acknowledge bit to the transmitter. The R&S RTO6 supports all operating speed modes: high-speed, fast mode plus, fast mode, and standard mode. Data transfer The format of a simple I²C message (frame) with 7-bit addressing consists of the fol-...
Page 496 Figure 13-3: 10-bit address, read access Trigger The R&S RTO6 can trigger on various parts of I²C messages. The data and clock lines must be connected to the input channels, triggering on math and reference waveforms is not possible.
Page 497 Do not combine a reference waveform with channel or math waveform because the time correlation of these waveforms might differ. Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 498 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Threshold Sets the threshold value for digitization of signals for each line. If the signal value on the line is higher than the threshold, the signal state is high (1 or true for the Boolean logic).
Page 499 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Labels for I2C protocol Column order: Identifier type, Identifier value, Label # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7,0x1E,Voltage 7,38h,Pressure 7,2Ah,Temperature 7,16h,Speed 7,118,Acceleration 7,07h,HighSpeed_Master_0x3 7,51h,EEPROM 10,3A2h,DeviceSetup 10,1A3h,GatewayStatus 10,06Eh,LeftSensor # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13.2.2.3 Configuring I²C protocol The configuration of the I²C is simple - assign the two lines to input channels, and set...
Page 500 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 501 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Repeated start ← Trigger type Sets the trigger to a repeated start - when the start condition occurs without previous stop condition. Repeated start conditions occur when a primary exchanges multiple messages with a secondary without releasing the bus.
Page 502 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) ● Adress Type ● "Address" on page 503 ● R/W bit Address and data ← Trigger type Sets the trigger to a combination of address and data condition. You can specify: ●...
Page 503 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Data write Nack" The addressed secondary does not accept the data. "Data read Nack" Marks the end of the read process when the primary reads data from the secondary. This Nack is sent according to the protocol definition, it is not an error.
Page 504 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1679 TRIGger<m>:I2C:ACCess on page 1682 TRIGger<m>:I2C:ADOR<n>:RWBit OR x Enables each selected condition, for "Trigger Type" = "Address OR". Remote command: on page 1681 TRIGger<m>:I2C:ADOR<n>:ENABle Position Sets the number of data bytes to be skipped after the address. You can define an exact position, or a position range.
Page 505 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) 3. Tap the "Source" button and select the "Serial bus" trigger source. 4. Select the serial bus that is set to I²C. 5. Select the "Trigger type". 6. For more complex trigger types, enter the address and/or data conditions: address, acknowledge bits, R/W bit, and data pattern.
Page 506 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Column Description Address type Address length, 7 bit or 10 bit Address value (hex) Hexadecimal value of the address Label Symbolic label name defined in the label list R/W bit Value of the R/W bit...
Page 507 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) Select search types Enable the events to be searched for. Unlike triggering, where you can trigger only on one defined event, you can search for various different events in one search.
Page 508 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Address and Searches for a combination of address and data conditions. data" Remote command: on page 1693 SEARch:TRIGger:I2C:SCONdition on page 1693 SEARch:TRIGger:I2C:RCONdition on page 1694 SEARch:TRIGger:I2C:STCNdition on page 1694 SEARch:TRIGger:I2C:NACKnowledge on page 1694...
Page 509: Spi Bus (Option R&S Rto6-K510)
Chapter 11.4.2, "Display zoom settings", on page 440 The remote commands for the search reults are described in Chapter 24.17.3.5, "I²C search results", on page 1701. 13.3 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) ● The SPI protocol....................509 ● configuration....................510 ● trigger......................515 ●...
Page 510 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) Most SPI buses have four lines, two data and two control lines: ● Clock line to all slaves (SCLK) ● Slave Select or Chip Select line (SS or CS) ●...
Page 511 Sets the input channel of the clock line. Waveform 1 of channel signals, math wave- forms, and reference waveforms can be used for decoding. Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 512 Do not combine a reference waveform with channel or math waveform because the time correlation of these waveforms might differ. Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 513 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) There are several ways to set the threshold: ● "Threshold" Enter the value directly in the field. ● "Autoset" Starts software algorithms for determining the signal threshold levels and bitrate.
Page 514 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) Autoset Starts software algorithms for determining the signal threshold levels and bitrate. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:FAUToset Frame condition Defines the start of a frame. A frame contains a number of successive words, at least one word.
Page 515 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.3.3 SPI trigger 13.3.3.1 SPI trigger Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup trigger" Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected.
Page 516 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) "MOSI/MISO" Sets the trigger to specified data patterns expected on the MOSI and MISO lines on the same time. Remote command: on page 1713 TRIGger<m>:SPI:TYPE MOSI and MISO data conditions The trigger on MOSI and MISO patterns is defined in the same way: Condition ←...
Page 517 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) Index min, Index max ← MOSI and MISO data conditions The effect of data positioning depends on the Search mode. It sets the number of bits or words before the first word of interest. These offset bits/words are skipped. If the position operator defines a range, the first and the last bit/word of interest are defined.
Page 518 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) Decode Results Table The "Decode results" table contains information about all decoded frames. Table 13-4: Content of the "Decode results" table Column Description State Overall state of the frame Frame start...
Page 519 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510) Type Sets the event to be searched for. "Frame start Searches for the start of the frame when slave select signal SS (SS)" changes to the active state. This type is available if the slave select line is configured in the bus setup, and the frame condition is "SS".
Page 520: Uart/Rs-232/Rs-422/Rs-485 (Option R&S Rto6-K510)
Remote commands are listed in Chapter 24.17.4.5, "SPI search results", on page 1723. 13.4 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6- K510) 13.4.1 The UART / RS232 interface The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UART converts a word of data into serial data, and vice versa. It is the base of many serial protocols such as RS-232. The UART uses only one line, or two lines for transmitter and receiver.
Page 521 The UART protocol has no clock for synchronization. The receiver synchronizes by means of the start and stop bits, and the bit rate that must be known to the receiver. Trigger The R&S RTO6 can trigger on specified parts of UART serial signals: ● Start bit ●...
Page 522 Do not combine a reference waveform with channel or math waveform because the time correlation of these waveforms might differ. Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 523 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1729 BUS<m>:UART:BITRate on page 1730 BUS<m>:UART:BAUDrate Data bits Sets the number of data bits of a word in a range from 5 bits to 8 bits. If no parity bit is used, then 9 data bits are possible.
Page 524 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:FAUToset Bit order Defines if a word starts with msb (most significant bit) or lsb (least significant bit). The display of the decoded signal considers this setting, results are displayed in the speci- fied order.
Page 525 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) 7. Set the logical thresholds. 8. Set the "Bit rate" and "Stop bits". 9. Set the "Data bits" and "Parity". 10. Set the "Bit order", "Polarity" and "Packets". 11. Enable "Decode".
Page 526 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Data" Trigger on a serial pattern at a defined position in the data packet. The pattern can include several subsequent symbols (data frames). "Data conditions" on page 526. "Parity error" Triggers on a parity error indicating a transmission error. This trigger type is only available if a parity is configured for the UART bus.
Page 527 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) Pattern ← Data conditions Specifies the data pattern to be found on the specified trigger source, in binary or hex format. Enter the words in msb first bit order. The starting point of the pattern is defined...
Page 528 ® R&S RTO6 Protocol analysis UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510) 2. In the "Serial Bus" dialog > "Display" tab, select additional result display settings: "Show table" and "Show binary". 3. If required, enable "Zoom coupling" For a description of the display settings, see also Chapter 13.1.3,...
Page 529: Audio Signals (Option R&S Rto6-K510)
The first byte of the audio word is delayed one clock period from the leading edge of the word select pulse. The R&S RTO6 can decode I²S stan- dard signals with MSBF and LSBF bit order.
Page 530 The data word can be shorter than the channel length. In addition to the standard configuration, the R&S RTO6 can analyze also left justified data formats which send the data word with offset to the WS edge. The bit order can be MSBF or LSBF.
Page 531 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.5.2 Audio configuration 13.5.2.1 Audio signal configuration Access: [Bus] > "Audio" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. In the "Setup" tab, you configure the audio signal. Several audio signal variants are available: the I²S standard signal, the left- and right-justified data formats, and the TDM...
Page 532 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Audio Variant Selects the protocol variant of the audio signal. The configuration possibilities exceed the definitions of the standards. "I2S Standard" Inter-IC sound standard audio format. It uses the SCLK, WS and SDATA lines. The first byte of the audio word is delayed one clock period from the leading edge of the word select pulse.
Page 533 SCLK Polarity Sets th polarity of the clock signal, that is the edge at which the instrument samples the data on the data line. Usually, the rising edge is used. The R&S RTO6 can also ana- lyze the converse setup.
Page 534 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) SDATA Polarity Defines the interpretation of high and low signal states. ● "Active high": HIGH (signal level above the threshold level) = 1 and LOW (signal level below the threshold level) = 0 ●...
Page 535 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.5.2.2 Advanced settings Access: [Bus] > "Advanced" tab. The settings available in the "Advanced" dialog depend on the selected Audio Variant. Figure 13-6: Advanced Audio settings for Variant = Right justified...
Page 536 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Channel order Defines if the left or the right channel is the first channel in the frame. The setting is not available for TDM audio signals. Remote command: on page 1741 BUS<m>:I2S:CHANnel:ORDer...
Page 537 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) 3. Select the "Setup" tab. 4. Tap the "Protocol" button and select the protocol: "Audio". 5. Select the "Audio Variant". 6. Set the parameters, as required according to the selected "Audio Variant".
Page 538 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Protocol Defines the protocol type of the selected serial bus. Remote command: on page 1670 BUS<m>:TYPE Type Selects the trigger type. "Data" Sets the trigger on a data word or a data range that occurs on a specified channel or on any channel.
Page 539 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Frame condi- Sets the trigger on an AND combination of data conditions on differ- tion" ent channels. The instrument triggers if all conditions are met inside one frame. Description of specific trigger type settings: ●...
Page 540 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Min data" Defines the data pattern. The data length is limited to the word length. Enter the pattern using the bit order defined in the signal configura- tion. X (don't care) is not allowed.
Page 541 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.5.3.2 Triggering on audio signals Prerequisites: An Audio bus is configured, see Chapter 13.5.2, "Audio configuration", on page 531. 1. Press the [Bus] key and select the "Shortcuts" tab. 2. Press "Setup trigger".
Page 542 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) The results are shown in the "Decode results" table. Table 13-6: Content of the Decode results table Column Description Start Time of the frame start State Overall state of the frame.
Page 543 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Figure 13-9: Tracks of left and right channel of I²S standard signal The track is a special measurement waveform, so it can be used for further analysis like cursor measurements and zoom.
Page 544 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) Figure 13-10: Track of all 8 channels of a TDM signal 13.5.5.1 Track settings in protocol setup You can enable the track waveforms in the protocol settings. Show Track Waveform(s) Enables and displays the tracks for the selected channels of the decoded bus using continuous auto scale.
Page 545 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) on page 1750 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD2Ch on page 1750 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD3Ch on page 1750 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD4Ch on page 1751 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD5Ch on page 1751 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD6Ch on page 1751 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD7Ch on page 1751 BUS<m>:I2S:TRACk:TD8Ch 13.5.5.2 Track enabling in measurement setup As the track is based on measurement, it can be set up in the "Result Analysis"...
Page 546 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510) 3. Select the "Source" of the measurement: "Serial bus". Select the bus configured for the audio signal. 4. Enable the measurement. 5. Tap "Add / Remove " and select "Audio".
Page 547: Custom: Manchester / Nrz (Option R&S Rto6-K510)
Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) R&S RTO6-K510 is a firmware option that enables the R&S RTO6 to analyze custom- izable serial bus signals encoded by the following coding standards: ●...
Page 548 "overhead" edge. The center of the bit is then marked by a second transition, which is a "sampling" edge. Some Manchester implementations, however, sample the first bit on the first edge. The option R&S RTO6-K510 attempts to automatically detect this situation. Unfortunately, it is possible to trick the algorithm with waveforms that contain many (legitimate) violations.
Page 549 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) with eventual Manchester coding violations. In these situations, a fixed "Bit Rate" set- ting has to be provided by the user to bypass the software's estimation algorithm. 13.6.2 Custom: Manchester / NRZ configuration...
Page 550 Permitted source selections are the analog, mathematical, reference and digital chan- nels. Digital channels can be only used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time. For triggering on the serial bus, when the NRZ clocked coding standard is selected, analog or digital channel sources are required.
Page 551 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1756 BUS<m>:CMSB:NRZ:CLCK Data Polarity (Manchester) Defines the polarity of the custom serial bus data signal in Manchester coding stand- ards. The available settings are "Normal" or "Inverted".
Page 552 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Second Edge" ● At "Idle" = "low": data are captured on the clock's falling edge (high-to-low transition) and propagated on a rising edge. ● At "Idle" = "high": data are captured on the clock's rising edge (low-to-high transition) and propagated on a falling edge.
Page 553 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1759 BUS<m>:CMSB:NRZ:ENAPolarity Set Thresholds Sets the threshold value for the digitization of each signal line and the hysteresis. If the signal voltage on the line is higher than the upper threshold, the signal state is high.
Page 554 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Threshold" Directly sets the threshold values. ● For Manchester: upper threshold in the upper field, lower thresh- old in the lower field. ● For NRZ Clocked: clock threshold in the upper field, data thresh- old in the middle field and enable threshold in the lower field.
Page 555 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Autoset Starts software algorithms for determining the signal threshold levels and bitrate. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:FAUToset Check bit rate Enables the bit rate settings for the coding standards "Manchester" and "Manchester II".
Page 556 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) For more details on gap time and idle conditions, see Chapter 13.6.1.1, "Special fea- tures of Manchester coding", on page 547. Remote command: on page 1762 BUS<m>:CMSB:GAPTime:VALue 13.6.2.3...
Page 557 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Frames A frame format description (or frame description, for short) is represented by one "page" in this dialog. It can be created by clicking on "Add". If one or several frame descriptions already exist, the new frame description is then created at the end of the frame format description list (or frame list, for short).
Page 558 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) it overwrites any subsequent frame description. However, instead of using a "catch all" frame description, the built-in "undescribed bits" display as mentioned above may be the better approach to create frame descriptions.
Page 559 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Bits This crucial information defines the length of the cell and - based on the previous cells - also the cell end position and the next cell start position within a frame.
Page 560 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "= (equal)" The equal operator (represented by the "=" sign) defines a pattern for the field to match. Valid condition entries are characters that match the cell's defined "Format", "Bit order", and "Bits". In binary format, for example, valid characters are "1", "0", "H"...
Page 561 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "[ ] (array)" The array operator (represented by the "[" and "]" bracket signs) defines the number of permissible repetitions of the cell. Example: Fixed-Length Array: [n] The length parameter "n" is a decimal number > 0, which determines that the cell is repeated n times within the frame.
Page 562 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "crc5usb(n-m)" The crc 5-bit operator performs a check for a 5\-bit CRC function using the polynomial as defined by the USB standard. n and m define the index range for the CRC check.
Page 563 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1765 BUS<m>:CMSB:FRAMe<n>:CELL<o>:FORMat Bit Order This defines, in which order the bits of a cell's Condition value are evaluated: either the most significant bit (MSB) or the least significant bit (LSB) first. Since the bit order is considered for the interpretation of the condition, you should specify MSB or LSB cor- rectly.
Page 564 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Figure 13-12: Example of XML file syntax with three custom frame format descriptions The first out of three XML frames in Figure 13-12 is interpreted by the software in the...
Page 565 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) ● "Field Name", in string format. ● "Bit count" specifies the length of bits, in numerical format. ● "Condition" (optional) identifies the bit pattern to match, in string format.
Page 566 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1774 BUS<m>:CMSB:FILTer:ENABle Decode layer Selects the decode layer. Decoding is performed in several steps, and the end results are presented in the decode table. The decode layer selects an interim step for which the decoding result is shown in the honeycomb display.
Page 567 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.6.3 Custom: Manchester / NRZ trigger If you need information on how to get started with triggering on Custom serial bus sig- nals, see Chapter 13.6.3.2, "Triggering on custom Manchester / NRZ serial bus",...
Page 568 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Frame Start ← Type For Manchester and NRZ Clocked coding standards, the frame start trigger is set to the end of the gap time. The start of frame (SOF) condition is the first bit after the gap (timeout).
Page 569 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) "Word Length" Sets the number of bits in an NRZ Unclocked word (hence, the size of the data frame). Default word length is 8 bits, permitted lengths range from 0 bits to 31 bits .
Page 570 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Error types: Item name, Enable ← Advanced The table lists the error types you can trigger on. Select the required errors in the "Enable" column. Available are "CRC" error and "Parity" error.
Page 571 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Select a field in the table to specify the checking conditions for this field in the "Data", "BitState" and/or "Index" dialog (whichever applies). The condition is only applied, and the "Condition"...
Page 572 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) 13.6.3.2 Triggering on custom Manchester / NRZ serial bus Prerequisite: A bus is configured for the custom serial bus signal to be analyzed. For the basic trigger settings, proceed in the following way: 1.
Page 573 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Frame type Selects the frame type for the custom bus filtering. You can define individual checking parameters for the fields listed in the "Trigger type dependent settings". To specify these parameters, select a field from this list and define the data and/or index operators and values, or the bit state.
Page 574 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Error types: Item name, Enable The table lists the error types you can filter on. Select the required errors in the "Enable" column. Available are "CRC" error and "Parity" error.
Page 575 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1777 BUS<m>:CMSB:FILTer:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:IMAX on page 1777 BUS<m>:CMSB:FILTer:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:IMIN on page 1777 BUS<m>:CMSB:FILTer:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:IOPerator 13.6.5 Custom: Manchester / NRZ decode results When the configuration of the serial bus is complete, the signal can be decoded: 1.
Page 576 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Table 13-9: Content of the "Decode results details" table Column Description State Overall state of the cell: either OK or the relevant error condition (e.g. length error) Type The type of frame, as specified with the "Frame type"...
Page 577 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510) Remote command: on page 1785 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:ERRor<m>:ENABle on page 1785 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:FIENable on page 1787 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:FRAMe<m>:ENABle on page 1785 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:FRENable on page 1785 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:BIT on page 1785 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:BIT on page 1786 SEARch:TRIGger:CMSB:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:DMAX...
Page 578: Can And Can Fd (Option R&S Rto6-K520)
576. 5. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a custom serial bus decode according to the thresholds and protocol settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 6. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 579 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) 13.7.2 CAN and CAN FD configuration 13.7.2.1 CAN and CAN FD configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "CAN" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected.
Page 580 Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 581 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) A math waveform can be used, for example, if you probe on CAN-High and CAN-Low using two single-ended probes, and the difference between high and low is calculated and displayed using a math waveform.
Page 582 R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Note: If the sources are digital channels, the same threshold values are used for the parallel and the serial buses. You can set the thresholds either in the parallel bus con- figuration or in the serial bus configuration.
Page 583 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) The CAN bus interface uses an asynchronous transmission scheme. The standard specifies a set of rules to resynchronize the local clock of a CAN node to the message. The sample point divides the nominal bit period into two distinct time segments. The length of the time segments is defined in time quanta according to network and node conditions during CAN development.
Page 584 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Time segment1, Time segment2 Set the number of time quanta before the sample point (Time segment 1) and after the sample point (Time segment 2). The "Sample point" percentage value is adjusted accordingly.
Page 585 R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) "PetrolLevel", starts at bit #24, has a length of 8 bit, and the unit is liter. The signal "IdleRunning" is state-encoded. It has only one bit. The binary value 0 means "Run- ning", and the binary value 1 means "Idle".
Page 586 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) 13.7.3 CAN / CAN FD trigger The R&S RTO6 can trigger on various events in a CAN or CAN FD frame. Trigger con- ditions include start of frame, frame ID, data pattern, or error conditions.
Page 587 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Trigger type Selects the trigger type for CAN analysis. "Start of frame" Triggers on the first edge of the dominant SOF bit (synchronization bit). "Frame type" Triggers on a specified frame type (data, remote, error, or overload).
Page 588 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Identifier + Data" Sets the trigger to a combination of identifier and data condition. The instrument triggers at the end of the last byte of the specified data pattern.
Page 589 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Symbolic" The "Symbolic" trigger type is available if a DBC label list file is loa- ded and applied. It allows you to trigger on a specific data message,...
Page 590 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Any" The ID type and ID pattern are not relevant for the trigger condition. If the trigger type is "Identifier", the instrument triggers on any identi- fier in the specified frame type.
Page 591 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Data setup: DLC, NDB, Transfer, Condition, Data min, Data max The data setup consists of the transfer direction, the number of bytes, the condition, and one or two data patterns.
Page 592 TRIGger<m>:CAN:FDATa:DPTO Error conditions If a CAN detects an error, it transmits an error flag at the next bit. The R&S RTO6 detects errors in the message and triggers on these errors even if no CAN node sends an error flag.
Page 593 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) on page 1807 TRIGger<m>:CAN:ACKerror on page 1808 TRIGger<m>:CAN:FDATa:SCERror 13.7.3.2 Triggering on CAN FD data The "Identifier + Data" trigger type supports triggering on data bytes of specific value at specific location in the data field of a frame.
Page 594 R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) The instrument skips the first 3 data bytes and starts comparing the data pattern with the 4th data byte. So, the byte with value 17 can be found between the 11th and the 19th data byte.
Page 595 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Column Description Data length code, coded number of data bytes Actual number of data bytes Data Value of the data frame. The data format is selected below the table. Remote frames do not transmit data, therefore "- - -"...
Page 596 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Start of frame" Searches for the first edge of the dominant SOF bit (synchronization bit). "Frame type" Searches for a specified frame type (data, remote, error, or overload).
Page 597 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1817 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN[:SSOFrame] on page 1818 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN:SFTYpe on page 1818 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN:SFIDentifier on page 1818 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN:SIDData on page 1818 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN:SERRor on page 1834 SEARch:TRIGger:CAN:SSYMbolic Standard Selects the CAN standard: "CAN", "CAN FD", or "Any".
Page 598 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) FD bits For standard settings " CAN FD" and "Any", you can search for CAN FD-specific bits. For details, see "FD bits" on page 590. The setting is available in CAN FD option.
Page 599 Set the data pattern: "= CB". 13.7.6 Symbolic trigger, decode and search The R&S RTO6 can read and apply industry-standard DBC files to the decoded signal and provides settings for symbolic triggering and symbolic search. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 600 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) For a description of DBC files, see Chapter 13.7.2.3, "Display settings", on page 584. 13.7.6.1 Symbolic trigger The "Symbolic" trigger type is available if a DBC label list file is loaded and applied. It allows you to trigger on a specific data message, or a signal and its value that appears inside the message.
Page 601 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Message Sets the message to be triggered or searched for. The setting is used by symbolic trigger and symbolic search. Thus, you always trigger on and search for the same message if symbolic trigger and symbolic search is used at the same time.
Page 602 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: ● on page 1833 BUS<m>:CAN:FRAMe<n>:SDATa? ● on page 1815 BUS<m>:CAN:FRAMe<n>:SDEXport? 13.7.6.3 Symbolic search Access: 1. Press [Bus]. 2. In the "Setup" tab, set "Protocol = CAN/ CAN-FD".
Page 603 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520) Message Sets the message to be triggered or searched for. The setting is used by symbolic trigger and symbolic search. Thus, you always trigger on and search for the same message if symbolic trigger and symbolic search is used at the same time.
Page 604: Lin (Option R&S Rto6-K520)
LIN schedule and sends identifier to the secondaries ● Synchronization mechanism for clock recovery by secondary nodes without crystal or ceramics resonator The R&S RTO6 supports several versions of the LIN standard: v1.3, v2.0, v2.1 and the American SAE J2602. Data transfer Basic communication concept of LIN: ●...
Page 605 The identifier byte consists of 6 bits for the frame identifier and two parity bits. This combination is known as protected identifier. Trigger The R&S RTO6 can trigger on various parts of LIN frames. The data line must be con- nected to an input channel, triggering on math and reference waveforms is not possi- ble.
Page 606 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) 13.8.2 LIN configuration 13.8.2.1 LIN configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "LIN" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings",...
Page 607 Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 608 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) Show thresholds If enabled, the threshold levels are displayed in the diagram. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:THReshold 13.8.2.2 LIN display Access: [Bus] > "Display" tab. For common display settings, see Chapter 13.1.3,...
Page 609 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) ● Schedule table ● Signal encoding section ● Encoding to signal mapping Example of a LIN LDF file LIN_description_file; LIN_protocol_version = "2.0"; LIN_language_version = "2.0"; LIN_speed = 19.2 kbps; Nodes { Master: Master1, 10 ms, 0.1 ms;...
Page 610 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) 13.8.2.3 Configuring LIN signals For configuration, assign the lines to the input channels, and define the active states and the logical thresholds. For details on configuration settings, see Chapter 13.8.2.1, "LIN configuration settings",...
Page 611 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 612 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Identifier + Sets the trigger to a combination of identifier and data condition. The Data" instrument triggers at the end of the last byte of the specified data pattern. The identifier conditions are the same as for the "Identifier" trigger...
Page 613 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) Identifier OR setup: Monitor, Frame ID Sets the trigger to a combination of up to four identifiers. Enter the patterns in the "Frame ID" fields. In binary and hex format, characters 1, 0, and X (do not care) are allowed.
Page 614 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) Error conditions Triggers if one or more of the following errors occur: ● Checksum error The checksum verifies the correct data transmission. It is the last byte of the frame response. The checksum includes not only the data but also the protected identifier (PID).
Page 615 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) For a description of the display settings, see also Chapter 13.1.3, "Display", on page 487. The instrument captures and decodes the signal according to the standard definition and the configuration settings.
Page 616 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) Tools Press "Display settings" in the "Decode Results" table to access the "Display" tab. Remote commands Remote commands are described in Chapter 24.17.9.3, "Decode results", on page 1845. 13.8.5 Search on decoded LIN data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data, the same events which you also can trigger on.
Page 617 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Identifier + Searches for a combination of identifier and data condition. The Data" instrument triggers at the end of the last byte of the specified data pattern. The identifier conditions are the same as for the "Identifier" trigger type, see "Identifier setup: Condition, Frame ID min, Frame ID max"...
Page 618: Flexray (Option R&S Rto6-K520)
Chapter 24.17.9.5, "LIN search results", on page 1859. 13.9 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) FlexRay is designed for use in safety-related distributed applications in the automotive industry. It is applied in real-time applications when higher data rates and reliable com- munication are required. In particular, FlexRay supports x-by-wire applications, for example, steer-by-wire or brake-by-wire.
Page 619 For measurements of logic signals, for example, of the logic signal inside the FlexRay node, between the communication controller and the bus driver. If MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed, you can use digital input channels. It is possible to measure simultaneously on a data line and on the enable line.
Page 620 R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) If the source type is "Logic", digital channels can be used (MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is required). Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time in a bus. Remote command: on page 1866 BUS<m>:FLXRay:SOURce<n>...
Page 621 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Selects default threshold voltages from a list. The predefined values depend on the selected source type. The value is set to "Manual" if at least one threshold was entered directly. ●...
Page 622 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) 13.9.1.2 Display settings Access: [Bus] > "Display" tab. For common display settings, see Chapter 13.1.3, "Display", on page 487. FlexRay Specific Label Settings Label lists are protocol-specific. A FlexRay label file contains four values for each iden- tifier: ●...
Page 623 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) 1. Press the [Bus] key on the front panel. 2. Select the tab of the bus you want to set up, for example "SB1". 3. Select the "Setup" tab. 4. Tap the "Protocol" button and select the protocol: "FlexRay".
Page 624 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Trigger type Selects the trigger type for FlexRay analysis. "Start of frame" Triggers on the first rising edge after the transmission start sequence (TSS). "Identifier +data" Triggers on the decoded frame content, on header and payload data: ●...
Page 625 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Error condi- Triggers on one or more errors that are detected in the decoded data, tion" "Error conditions" on page 628. Remote command: on page 1871 TRIGger<m>:FLXRay:TYPE Indicator bits Triggers on one or more indicator bits at the beginning of the header segment. Each bit can be set to 0, 1, or X (do not care).
Page 626 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) on page 1872 TRIGger<m>:FLXRay:SYFRame on page 1872 TRIGger<m>:FLXRay:STFRame Frame ID (min/max) The frame ID contains the number of the slot in which the frame is transmitted. Each frame ID occurs only once during a FlexRay cycle.
Page 627 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Indica- Payload Cycle Frame ID Header CRC Payload Trailer tors length count 5 bits 11 bits 7 bits 11 bits 6 bits To trigger on the cycle count, you have to define a condition and one or two numbers. If the condition is a range ("In range"...
Page 628 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Data (min/ Enter the bytes in msb first bit order. The maximum pattern length is 8 max)" bytes. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care).
Page 629 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) 2. Press "Setup trigger". 3. Tap the "Source" button and select the "Serial bus" trigger source. 4. Select the serial bus that is set to FlexRay. 5. Select the "Trigger type".
Page 630 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Column Description Type Frame type: Frame of the static segment, frame of the dynamic segment, wakeup frame, symbol in the frame Flags State of indicator bits Payload length Number of data words in the payload segment.
Page 631 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Select Search Types Selects one criterion or an AND-combination of criteria to be searched for. If more than one criterion is selected, all criteria must be fulfilled by a frame for it to be shown in the search results.
Page 632 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) Pay- Header Cycle Frame ID load Payload Trailer count length Indicators 5 bits "Payload pre- Indicates a Network Management Vector in the payload segment. amble" The NMV allows the host processor to send data directly, without pro- cessing by the communication controller.
Page 633 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520) The setup conditions are the same as in the FlexRay trigger setup, see "Cycle count (min, max), Step" on page 626. Remote command: on page 1885 SEARch:TRIGger:FLXRay:CENable on page 1886 SEARch:TRIGger:FLXRay:CMIN...
Page 634: Sent (Option R&S Rto6-K520)
SEARch:RESult:FLXRay:FRAMe<m>:SYMBol? ● on page 1898 SEARch:RESult:FLXRay:FRAMe<m>:TYPE? 13.10 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Single Ended Nibble Transmission (SENT) is a serial transmission interface protocol originally specified for the communication of sensors and control units in automotive electronics. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 635 The R&S RTO6 option R&S RTO6-K520 provides serial triggering, decoding and a highly customizable search on decoded SENT signals.
Page 636 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) The format of a SENT message frame has a fixed pulse order and a transmitter-spe- cific clock period. The total transmission time varies depending on the clock variation of the transmitter and the transmitted data values. The data pulses embedded in the transmission sequence represent one or multiple data parameters to be communica- ted.
Page 637 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Figure 13-17: Example of a SENT transmission sequence The format of a SENT transmission sequence consists of the following pulses: ● Synchronization/Calibration Pulse: – initial sequence of the receiver – the start condition is the falling edge of the last pulse (CRC or Pause) –...
Page 638 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) SENT slow channel Short Serial Messages For transmission of a slow channel message, 2 bits are included in a fast channel mes- sage, see the status nibble (Bit 2,3) in Figure 13-18.
Page 639 RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Trigger The R&S RTO6 can trigger on various parts of SENT pulses. The data line must be connected to an input channel, triggering on math and reference waveforms is not pos- sible. SENT enables you to trigger on: ●...
Page 640 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Data Sets the source of the data line. Usually, the source is one of the analog channels. Reference and math waveforms are available as source if the trigger source is one of the analog channels but not the serial bus.
Page 641 No pause pulse between the transmission sequences. Pause pulse with fixed length at the end of each transmission "Yes" sequence. The R&S RTO6 computes the length of the pause pulse automati- cally. "For constant frame length" Pause pulse with dynamic length to maintain a fixed transmission sequence length.
Page 642 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1902 BUS<m>:SENT:PPFLength Show thresholds If enabled, the threshold levels are displayed in the diagram. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:THReshold 13.10.2.2 Advanced settings Access: [Bus] > "Advanced" tab.
Page 643 Type Selects the event of the SENT transmission sequence or message to be triggered on. The RTO6 triggers always on the falling edge of a pulse, i.e. at the end of the selected type nibble in a transmission sequence. "Calibration or Sync"...
Page 644 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Transmission Sequence" Triggering depends on the additional selectable "Sequence" parame- ter: ● "Sequence > Status": triggers at the end of the "Status" nibble. ● "Sequence > Status+Data": triggers at the end of the last data nibble.
Page 645 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Error condition" Triggers if certain errors occur. You can select the following error events for triggering: ● "Form Error" ● "Calibration Pulse Error" ● "Pulse Period Error" ● "CRC Error" ●...
Page 646 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) The available operators: ● Equal, Not equal ● Less than, Greater than ● Less or equal, Greater or equal ● In range, Out of range Remote command: on page 1905 TRIGger<m>:SENT:TDCN Nibbles ←...
Page 647 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) ● Less than, Greater than ● Less or equal, Greater or equal ● In range, Out of range Remote command: on page 1906 TRIGger<m>:SENT:SICN Identifier min ← Serial Message setup Defines the bit pattern of the message identifier.
Page 648 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Error conditions setup Executes a trigger event if one or more of the following errors occur: ● "Form Error" Detects a form error in serial messages (short and enhanced). An error occurs when at least one of the transmission sequences that form a serial message has an error.
Page 649 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1907 TRIGger<m>:SENT:FORMerror on page 1908 TRIGger<m>:SENT:PULSeerror on page 1908 TRIGger<m>:SENT:PPERioderror on page 1908 TRIGger<m>:SENT:CRCerror on page 1909 TRIGger<m>:SENT:IRFLength 13.10.3.2 Triggering on SENT signals Prerequisites: A SENT bus is configured, see Chapter 13.10.2.3, "Configuring SENT...
Page 650 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520)  <sb:DATA-SIZE>12</sb:DATA-SIZE>  <sb:SIGNALS> ...
Page 651 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) For an example to label list translation, see Chapter 13.10.4.1, "SENT label list transla- tion example", on page 651. Remote command: ● on page 1914 BUS<m>:SENT:FRAMe<n>:SYMBol? ● on page 1914 BUS<m>:SENT:FRAMe<n>:SDATa? ●...
Page 652 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Sensor Type" STATE="ON"> <sb:DESCRIPTION>specifies the SENT Sensor Type</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:ID-VALUE>03</sb:ID-VALUE> <sb:ID-LENGTH>8</sb:ID-LENGTH> <sb:DATA-SIZE>12</sb:DATA-SIZE> <sb:SIGNALS> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Sensor Class"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Sensor Class</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:BIT-POSITION>11</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>12</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:VALUE-TYPE>ENUM</sb:VALUE-TYPE> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>32.0</sb:MAX> <sb:ENUM-VALUES> <sb:ENUM INDEX="0" LABEL="Not Specified"/>...
Page 653 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:BIT-POSITION>7</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>8</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:VALUE-TYPE>ENUM</sb:VALUE-TYPE> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>4.0</sb:MAX> <sb:ENUM-VALUES> <sb:ENUM INDEX="0" LABEL="Not defined"/> <sb:ENUM INDEX="1" LABEL="J2716 Rev 1"/> <sb:ENUM INDEX="2" LABEL="J2716 Rev 2"/> <sb:ENUM INDEX="3" LABEL="J2716 Rev 3"/> </sb:ENUM-VALUES> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS>...
Page 654 ® R&S RTO6 Protocol analysis SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:ENUM INDEX="1032" LABEL="Slow Channel Barometric Pressure out of range low"/> <sb:ENUM INDEX="1033" LABEL="Slow Channel Barometric Pressure initialization error"/> </sb:ENUM-VALUES> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Simu-Dual Throttle Position" STATE="ON"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>DTP</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DATA-SIZE>20</sb:DATA-SIZE> <sb:SIGNALS> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_1">...
Page 655 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_2"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>TPS2</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>11</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>12</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>LSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Mass Air Flow (16)" STATE="OFF"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>MAF/P</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DATA-SIZE>24</sb:DATA-SIZE> <sb:SIGNALS> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_1"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>MAF</sb:SHORT-NAME>...
Page 656 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_2"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Pressure</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>7</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>8</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>LSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Mass Air Flow (14/10)" STATE="OFF"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>MAF/P</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DATA-SIZE>24</sb:DATA-SIZE> <sb:SIGNALS> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_1"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>MAF</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>23</sb:BIT-POSITION>...
Page 657 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_1"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Ch1</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>23</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>12</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_2"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Counter</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>11</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>8</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>256.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Pressure Sensor" STATE="OFF">...
Page 658 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> <sb:FRAME NAME="Pressure and Temperature Sensor" STATE="OFF"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>P/T</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DATA-SIZE>24</sb:DATA-SIZE> <sb:SIGNALS> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_1"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Pressure</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>23</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>12</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_2"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Temperature</sb:SHORT-NAME>...
Page 659 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> <sb:SIGNAL ID="Channel_2"> <sb:SHORT-NAME>Counter</sb:SHORT-NAME> <sb:DESCRIPTION>""</sb:DESCRIPTION> <sb:BIT-POSITION>11</sb:BIT-POSITION> <sb:BIT-LENGTH>8</sb:BIT-LENGTH> <sb:BYTE-ORDER>MSB</sb:BYTE-ORDER> <sb:FACTOR>1.0</sb:FACTOR> <sb:OFFSET>0.0</sb:OFFSET> <sb:MIN>0</sb:MIN> <sb:MAX>10000.0</sb:MAX> <sb:UNIT></sb:UNIT> </sb:SIGNAL> </sb:SIGNALS> </sb:FRAME> </sb:FRAMES> </sb:LABEL-LIST-FILE> 13.10.5 SENT decode results When the configuration of the serial bus is complete, the signal can be decoded: 1.
Page 660 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Table 13-15: Content of the decode result table Column Description State Overall state of the frame Frame start Time of frame start in relation to the trigger point Type Frame type...
Page 661 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Search types Enable the events to be searched for. Unlike triggering, where you can trigger only on one defined event, you can search for various different events in one search. "Calibration Sync"...
Page 662 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Serial Message" Searching on a serial message depends on the serial protocol selected with Serial protocol > Short | Enhanced and the associated setting parameters: ● "Sequence > Identifier": searches for the end of the identifier nib- ble.
Page 663 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1919 SEARch:TRIGger:SENT:TDCN Data Nibbles ← Transmission Sequence setup Sets the number of data units in a single transmission sequence. The maximum number of data nibbles is 6.
Page 664 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) ● Less than, Greater than ● Less or equal, Greater or equal ● In range, Out of range Remote command: on page 1921 SEARch:TRIGger:SENT:SICN Identifier min ← Serial Message setup Defines the bit pattern of the message identifier.
Page 665 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520) – "Pulse Period Error" Searches for pulse period errors in a transmission sequence. – "Irregular Frame Length Error" Searches for irregular frame length errors in a transmission sequence if pause pulse mode is set to constant frame length..
Page 666: Cxpi (Option R&S Rto6-K520)
CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) ● on page 1929 SEARch:RESult:SENT:FRAMe<m>:TYPE? 13.11 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) The Clock Extension Peripheral Interface (CXPI) protocol defines a communication standard for the vehicles electric system. It is developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE).
Page 667 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) ● Long frame: it varies in length according to the frame transfer method. The PTYPE field is only used for the polling method. The long frame is used to transfer large amount of data.
Page 668 Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 669 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Threshold Sets the threshold value for digitization of the signal. If the signal value on the line is higher than the threshold, the signal state is high. If the signal value on the line is below the threshold, the signal state is low.
Page 670 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Display order Selects the order in which the signal is displayed in the honeycomb. "As transmitted" The signal is displayed in the order it occurs. "Logical" The signal is displayed according to the definition of the standard (MSB bit order).
Page 671 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) 7. Enter the "Threshold" and the "Hysteresis". 8. Enable "Decode". 13.11.3 CXPI trigger 13.11.3.1 CXPI trigger settings Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup trigger" Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 672 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Normal ← Trigger type Triggers on a normal frame. You can refine the trigger condition: ● Set a frame ID pattern or a frame ID range to trigger only on frames that fulfill these conditions.
Page 673 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) See: "Data" on page 677. ● Set an index or index range to trigger only on frames that fulfill these conditions. See: "Index" on page 678. Sleep ← Trigger type Triggers on a sleep frame.
Page 674 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) See: "Frame ID" on page 676 ● Set an NM value expected in the frame. "NM" on page 678. ● Set a CT value expected in the frame. See: "CT" on page 678.
Page 675 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) PID ← Trigger type Triggers on a protected ID (PID) field. A PID field consists of a frame identifier and a parity bit. Optionally, you can define the frame ID pattern or a frame ID range to trigger only on frames that fulfill these conditions.
Page 676 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) The inter-byte-space (IBS) is the interval between each byte within a frame. IBS errors occur when the length of the IBS field differs from the one defined in the pro- tocol.
Page 677 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Sets the data length code, which indicates the length of the data byte. The DLC setup consists of the condition and one or two DLC patterns. "Condition" Defines the operator to set a specific DLC ("Equal" or "Not equal") or a DLC range.
Page 678 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1934 TRIGger<m>:CXPI:DATA:DCONdition on page 1934 TRIGger<m>:CXPI:DATA:DMAX on page 1935 TRIGger<m>:CXPI:DATA:DMIN Index The data index setup consists of the condition and one or two index patterns. "Condition" Defines the operator to set a specific data index ("Equal" or "Not equal") or data index range.
Page 679 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) For information on how to proceed with the configuration settings, see Chap- ter 13.11.3.1, "CXPI trigger settings", on page 671. 13.11.4 Search on decoded CXPI data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data, the same events which you also can trigger on.
Page 680 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) "Sleep" Searches for a sleep frame. You can refine the search condition, see: ● "NM" on page 681 ● "CT" on page 681 ● "Data" on page 681 ● "Index" on page 681 "Long"...
Page 681 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Remote command: on page 1949 SEARch:TRIGger:CXPI:DLC:CONDition on page 1949 SEARch:TRIGger:CXPI:DLC:MAX on page 1949 SEARch:TRIGger:CXPI:DLC:MIN DLC Extend Searches for a DLC extend pattern or a DLC extend range. The setup consists of the condition and one or two DLC extend patterns.
Page 682 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) Error Selects the error type to be searched for. You can select one or more error types as search condition. The error types are the same as in the CXPI trigger setup, see "Error"...
Page 683 9. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results" box that lists the detected events. For information on how to configure the search results presentation and how to navi- gate the search results, see also "To display search zoom windows"...
Page 684 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520) The color-coding of the various protocol sections and errors simplifies the interpretation of the visual display. The decode information condenses or expands, depending on the horizontal scale. Various data formats are available to show the result values.
Page 685: Option R&S Rto6-K530)
Chapter 24.17.12.3, "Decode results", on page 1941. 13.12 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.12.1 The MIL-STD-1553 The MIL-STD-1553 specification defines the characteristics of a serial data bus origi- nally designed for use in the military avionics. Nowadays it is also used in spacecraft on-board data handling.
Page 686 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Command Word Figure 13-22: Structure of a command word The format of a command word consists of the following parts (see Figure 13-22): ● Sync: an invalid Manchester waveform. ● Remote Terminal (RT) Address: the unique address of the corresponding RT.
Page 687 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Status Word Figure 13-24: Structure of a status word The format of a status word consists of the following parts (see Figure 13-24): ● Sync: an invalid Manchester waveform. ● Remote Terminal (RT) Address: the unique address of the corresponding RT.
Page 688 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.12.2 MIL-STD-1553 configuration 13.12.2.1 MIL-STD-1553 configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "Decode" tab > "Protocol" = MIL-STD-1553 Access: [Bus] > "MIL-1553" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected.
Page 689 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote command: on page 1959 BUS<m>:MILStd:POLarity Thresholds Threshold values are used for digitization of the signal. Sets the threshold value for digitization of signals for each line. If the signal value on the line is higher than the threshold, the signal state is high (1 or true for the Boolean logic).
Page 690 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote command: on page 1957 BUS<m>:MILStd:MAXResponse:BITS on page 1958 BUS<m>:MILStd:MAXResponse:SELect on page 1967 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:MAXResponse:BITS on page 1967 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:MAXResponse:SELect Show thresholds If enabled, the threshold levels are displayed in the diagram. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:THReshold...
Page 691 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 2. Select the tab of the bus you want to set up, for example "SB1". 3. In the "Setup" tab, select the protocol: "MIL-STD-1553". 4. Tap the "Polarity" button, and select the waveform of the data line.
Page 692 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Word" Triggers on the selected word type. "Data Word" Triggers on a specified data word or data word range. "Command/ Status Word" Triggers on a specified command word or on a status word.
Page 693 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Status Word" Triggers on a specified status word. "Error Condi- Triggers on any combination of protocol errors. tion" Remote command: on page 1961 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:TYPE Sync Type / Word Type Triggers on a sync impulse or word type. You can select to trigger on "Command/ Status", on "All"...
Page 694 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Condition" Sets the comparison condition to a specific value or a range. "RTA Min/ Specifies the value or sets the start value of a range. RTA" "RTA Max" Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition" = "In range"/"Out of range".
Page 695 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote command: on page 1966 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:DATA:ICONdition on page 1966 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:DATA:IMAX on page 1966 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:DATA:IMIN 11-Bit Information The 11-Bit information sets bits 9 to 19 if there is a command or status word. The 11-Bit information consists of the condition and one or two 11-Bit information patterns.
Page 696 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Word Count Max" Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition" = "In range"/"Out of range". Remote command: on page 1962 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:CMD:CCONdition on page 1963 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:CMD:CMAX on page 1963 TRIGger<m>:MILStd:CMD:CMIN...
Page 697 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Check min gap ← Error Condition Checks and sets a value for the intermessage gap between the last bit of a message and the following command word sync. The time is measured between the mid bit zero crossings.
Page 698 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.12.4 MIL-STD-1553 decode results When the configuration of the serial bus is complete, the signal can be decoded: 1. In the "Protocol" dialog > "Setup" tab, enable "Decode". 2. In the "Protocol" dialog > "Display" tab, select additional result display settings: "Show decode table"...
Page 699 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) To search on decoded data, set the search "Source" to the serial bus that is configured for the protocol to be analyzed. See also Chapter 11, "Search functions", on page 419.
Page 700 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote terminal address setup: Condition, RTA The remote terminal address setup consists of the condition and one or two RTA pat- terns. The RTA setup settings are the same as in the MIL trigger setup, see "Remote Termi-...
Page 701 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Subaddress / Mode setup: Condition, Subaddress min, Subaddress max The subaddress/mode setup consists of the condition and one or two subaddress/ mode patterns. The subaddress/mode setup settings are the same as in the MIL trigger setup, see "Subaddress/ Mode"...
Page 702: Arinc 429 (Option R&S Rto6-K530)
SEARch:RESult:MILStd:WORD<m>:SYMBol? ● on page 1980 SEARch:RESult:MILStd:WORD<m>:TYPE? 13.13 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.13.1 ARINC 429 basics The ARINC 429 is a specification that defines the characteristics of an avionic data bus used on commercial and transport aircraft. In an ARINC 429 system, a single transmitter/source is connected to 1 to 20 receivers/ sinks on one twisted wire pair.
Page 703 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Word Format Figure 13-25: Structure of an ARINC 429 word An ARINC 429 word is 32-bits and consists of the following parts (see Figure 13-25): ● Parity: the most significant bit (MSB). Checks if there are bit errors during the trans- mission.
Page 704 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Data Sets the source of the selected data line. Usually, the source is one of the analog channels. Reference and math waveforms are only available if the trigger source is one of the input channels but not the serial bus.
Page 705 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) ● "Find thresholds" Executes the measurement of reference levels and sets the thresholds to the middle reference level of the measured amplitude. Remote command: on page 1985 BUS<m>:ARINc:THReshold:HIGH on page 1985 BUS<m>:ARINc:THReshold:LOW...
Page 706 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) ARINC 429 Specific Label Settings Label lists are protocol-specific. An ARINC 429 label file contains two values for each identifier: ● "Arinc Label": the ARINC 429 label value, that identifies the data type and the parameters associated with it.
Page 707 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) 9. Enable "Decode". 13.13.3 ARINC 429 trigger 13.13.3.1 ARINC 429 trigger settings Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup trigger" Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 708 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Label + Data" Sets the trigger on a defined word format. You can define the label, the data and the SDI / SSM bits separately, see "Label + Data" on page 708.
Page 709 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Label Min" Defines the bit pattern of the label. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care). To enter the pattern in other formats use the bit pattern editor, see Chapter 13.1.7, "Bit pattern...
Page 710 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Timing: Min gap, Max gap ← Error Conditions Defines the idle time between two words, which is needed for word synchronization. The beginning of the first bit after the gap marks the start of a new word.
Page 711 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) The color-coding of the various protocol sections and errors simplifies the interpretation of the visual display. The decode information condenses or expands, depending on the horizontal scale. Various data formats are available to show the result values.
Page 712 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) See also Chapter 11, "Search functions", on page 419. 13.13.5.1 ARINC 429 search setup Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup search" Type The search criterion is defined by "Type". All trigger types are also available for search.
Page 713 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote command: on page 1994 SEARch:TRIGger:ARINc:DATA:CONDition on page 1994 SEARch:TRIGger:ARINc:DATA:MIN on page 1994 SEARch:TRIGger:ARINc:DATA:MAX SDI / SSM setup: SDI, SSM The SDI / SSM setup consists of the SDI and SSM.
Page 714: Spacewire (Option R&S Rto6-K530)
SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) ● on page 1997 SEARch:RESult:ARINc:WORD<m>:SYMBol? 13.14 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) The SpaceWire is a communication network standard used for spacecrafts. It is based on the IEEE 1355 standard of comunications and coordinated by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Page 715 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) Figure 13-27: SpaceWire control characters Also there are two control codes: ● NULL code consisting of an Escape (ESC) and a Flow Control Token (FCT) ● Time Code consisting of an ESC followed by a single data character Figure 13-28: SpaceWire control codes 13.14.2 SpaceWire configuration...
Page 716 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Strobe Selects the source for the strobe signal. Remote command: on page 2001 BUS<m>:SWIRe:STRBe:SOURce Data Selects the source for the data signal.
Page 717 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) Hysteresis Sets a value for the hysteresis of the strobe/data signal. Remote command: on page 2001 BUS<m>:SWIRe:STRBe:HYSTeresis on page 2000 BUS<m>:SWIRe:DATA:HYSTeresis Show thresholds If enabled, the threshold levels are displayed in the diagram.
Page 718 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.14.2.3 Display settings Access: [Bus] > "Display" tab. For common display settings, see Chapter 13.1.3, "Display", on page 487. Decode Layer Selects the decode layer. Decoding is performed in several steps, and the end results are presented in the decode table.
Page 719 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) 13.14.3 SpaceWire trigger 13.14.3.1 SpaceWire trigger settings Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup trigger" Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected.
Page 720 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Time Code" Sets the trigger to a time-code control code. You can define the data pattern of the time code to be triggered on. "Errors" Triggers on an enabled error type.
Page 721 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) "Data Min/ Specifies the value or sets the start value of a range. Data" Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition" = "In range"/"Out "Data Max" of range". Remote command: on page 2003 TRIGger<m>:SWIRe:DATA:CONDition...
Page 722 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) The instrument captures and decodes the signal according to the standard definition and the configuration settings. The color-coding of the various protocol sections and errors simplifies the interpretation of the visual display. The decode information condenses or expands, depending on the horizontal scale.
Page 723 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) Remote commands Remote commands to retrieve decode results are described in Chapter 24.17.15.3, "Decode results", on page 2005. 13.14.5 Search on decoded SpaceWire data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data. You can find the same events that you can trigger on, and even many more, since several event types can also be combined.
Page 724 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530) "ANY" Any control type character "FCT" Flow Control Token character "EOP" Normal End of Packet character "EEP" Error End of Packet character Remote command: on page 2011 SEARch:TRIGger:SWIRe:CTYPe Data (Time Code) Sets the specified data type for the time code to be searched for.
Page 725 Chapter 13.14.5.1, "SpaceWire search setup", on page 723. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a SpaceWire decode according to the thresholds and protocol settings of the associated serial bus source. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 726: Ethernet 10Base-T And 100Base-Tx (Option R&S Rto6-K540)
Twisted-pair Ethernet technologies are based on the family of standards IEEE 802.3, issued by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). R&S RTO6-K540 is a firmware option that enables the R&S RTO6 to analyze Ethernet protocol variants 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, by decoding the signal and searching within the decoded events.
Page 727 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) 13.15.2 Ethernet configuration 13.15.2.1 Ethernet configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "Ethernet" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general...
Page 728 Selects the Ethernet protocol variant 100BASE-TX, which provides 100 Mbit/s use data rate. Due to 4b/5b encoding, the raw data rate on the line is 125 Mbit/s. This value is used by R&S RTO6-K540 as the bit rate default for 100BASE-TX.
Page 729 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Bit rate Defines the transmission speed setting for the data signal: ● 10BASE-T: default bit rate 10 Mbps ● 100BASE-TX: default bit rate 125 Mbps In both variants, the permitted bit rates range from 10 kbps to 150 Mbps. Switching the variant adjusts the bit rate, independent of the previous setting.
Page 730 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) For example, an ethernet label list can be a vendor-specific MAC address list: # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- @FILE_VERSION = 1.00 @PROTOCOL_NAME = ethernet # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Labels for Ethernet protocol...
Page 731 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) FC:FE:77, HitachiR FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF/48, BroadCast In the figure below, you can see a decoded broadcast symbol. The symbol name is dis- played in the "Destination symbol" column of the "Decode restuls" table.
Page 732 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) 4. Tap "Ethernet Variant" and select the variant ("10BASE-T" or "100BASE-TX") you want to set up. Note: Note that no triggering on the serial bus is available. To trigger the signal, use the edge trigger on the source channel.
Page 733 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) "Frame Start" Available only for "Variant > 10BASE-T". Sets the trigger to the start frame delimiter (SFD). The start of frame (SOF) condition is the occurrence of the preamble; the trigger instant is after the SFD.
Page 734 Selects the Ethernet protocol variant 100BASE-TX, which provides 100 Mbit/s use data rate. Due to 4b/5b encoding, the raw data rate on the line is 125 Mbit/s. This value is used by R&S RTO6-K540 as the bit rate default for 100BASE-TX.
Page 735 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) "Condition" Sets the comparison condition to a specific value or a range. " Source Specifies the value or sets the start value of a range. Address (Min)" "Source Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition"...
Page 736 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Remote command: on page 2020 TRIGger<m>:ETHernet:ERRor:CRC on page 2021 TRIGger<m>:ETHernet:ERRor:LENGth on page 2021 TRIGger<m>:ETHernet:ERRor:PREamble 13.15.3.2 Triggering on Ethernet signals Prerequisite: A bus is configured for the Ethernet signal to be analyzed.
Page 737 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Table 13-22: Content of the Decode results table Column Description State Overall state of the frame: either OK or the relevant error condition (preamble, length) Start Start time of the frame...
Page 738 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Before you can start the search, you have to configure the bus correctly and acquire decoded data. To search on decoded data, set the search source to "SerBus" for the configured proto- col.
Page 739 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Destination address ← Frame To search for a destination address, an address pattern or optionally an address range have to be specified. Remote command: on page 2031 SEARch:TRIGger:ETHernet:FRAMe:DCONdition...
Page 740 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540) Error Condition Searches for the following error conditions: "Preamble Error" or "Length Error". Preamble Error ← Error Condition Searches for any preamble errors. Remote command: on page 2035 SEARch:TRIGger:ETHernet:ERRor:PREamble Length Error ←...
Page 741: Mdio (Option R&S Rto6-K540)
738. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs an Ethernet decode according to the thresholds and pro- tocol settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 742 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) ● The MDIO protocol....................742 ● MDIO configuration....................743 ● MDIO trigger......................747 ● MDIO decode results.................... 750 ● Search on decoded MDIO data................752 13.16.1 The MDIO protocol MDIO is used for bidirectional transfer of control and status information between the physical layer entity (PHY) and the station management entities (STA).
Page 743 IDLE = A single value (high-impedance state) indicating to the Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) that there is no data to convey Instead of a specific hardware trigger, the option R&S RTO6-K540 uses a predefined generic serial bus pattern trigger. It simply triggers on a bit pattern in the data stream.
Page 744 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Figure 13-30: Serial bus MDIO protocol configuration dialog See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Source MDIO requires two source channels, one for clock and one for data.
Page 745 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) ● Vil(max) is being used for the falling edge evaluation. This "l" (low) threshold is the maximum level for the signal to be identified as "0". If the signal value comes from a high state (hence, falling edge), the state remains to be considered as high ("1"),...
Page 746 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Access: [Bus] > "Display" tab. For common display settings, see Chapter 13.1.3, "Display", on page 487. MDIO Specific Label Settings Decode layer Selects the decode layer. Decoding is performed in several steps, and the end results are presented in the decode table.
Page 747 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) 2. Select the tab of the bus you want to set up, for example "SB1". 3. Select the "Setup" tab. 4. In the "Setup" tab, set the "Protocol" > "MDIO". 5. Select the waveform for the "Clock" and "Data" lines.
Page 748 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Serial bus Selects the serial bus to be triggered on. Make sure to select the correct bus before you enter the settings. To trigger on a serial bus, the signals sources must be channel signals. If the data or clock source is a math or reference waveform, you cannot trigger on that bus.
Page 749 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) "Data" Sets the trigger to the data field. For more information on the data condition, see MDIO in the Ethernet standard. The trigger instant is at the end of the frame after the last data bit, as indicated in the GUI.
Page 750 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) REGAD/DEVAD ← MDIO Trigger Type Sets the register address or device address (5 bits) of the frame pattern; available only in trigger type "Data". Remote command: on page 2044 TRIGger<m>:MDIO:REGI DATA/ADDRESS ← MDIO Trigger Type Defines the payload data pattern or address pattern (16 bits);...
Page 751 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Decode Results Table The "Decode results" table contains information about all decoded frames. Table 13-25: Content of the Decode results table Column Description Frame Number of the acquired frame State of frame, available messages are: State ●...
Page 752 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Remote commands Remote commands to retrieve decode results are described in Chapter 24.17.17.3, "Decode results", on page 2045. 13.16.5 Search on decoded MDIO data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data. You can find the same events that you can trigger on, and even many more, since several event types can also be combined.
Page 753 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540) Selects the start of frame code of the frame pattern; available only in search criteria type "Data". Permissible frame patterns are: Clause 22, Clause 45, or Any Remote command: on page 2050 SEARch:TRIGger:MDIO:ST Selects the Type of Frame code (or OP code, OpCode, operation code);...
Page 754: Rffe (Option R&S Rto6-K550)
There are no additional search criteria to be specified. 5. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs an MDIO decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1).
Page 755 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) 13.17.1 The RFFE protocol ® The RFFE interface is specified in the "MIPI Alliance Specification for RF Front-End Control Interface". The RFFE interface is used by the radio frequency front-end inter- face chips in most LTE-Advanced platforms and in smart phones in general.
Page 756 Figure 13-33: General structure of a RFFE Read command sequence Trigger The R&S RTO6 uses a hardware-based trigger to trigger on various parts of slave device messages, to trigger at maximum bus speed and on frame gaps. The data and clock lines must be connected to the input channels.
Page 757 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) – Data word Search Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the acquired and deco- ded data. You can find the same events which you also can trigger on. In addition, you can find command sequences of master-to master communication and "interrupt sum-...
Page 758 Alternatively, digital channels can be used if MSO option R&S RTO6-B1 is installed. Digital and analog channels cannot be used at the same time.
Page 759 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) on page 2056 BUS<m>:RFFE:DATA:THReshold:HIGH on page 2057 BUS<m>:RFFE:DATA:THReshold:LOW on page 2057 BUS<m>:RFFE:DATA:THReshold:HYSTeresis on page 1671 BUS<m>:SETReflevels on page 1671 BUS<m>:FAUToset Show thresholds If enabled, the threshold levels are displayed in the diagram.
Page 760 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Remote command: on page 2059 BUS<m>:RFFE:MINGap:SELect on page 2059 BUS<m>:RFFE:MINGap:TIME 13.17.2.3 Configuring RFFE signals For details on configuration settings, see Chapter 13.17.2.1, "RFFE configuration set- tings", on page 757. 1. Press the [Bus] key on the front panel.
Page 761 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 762 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Sequence Stop ← Type Triggers on the end of a command sequence, on the bus park cycle. Optionally, you can specify a slave address pattern or a slave address range to trigger only on command sequences that are sent to these slaves.
Page 763 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) See: "Address" on page 766 ● Set a data pattern condition to trigger on data patterns expected in the message. See: "Data" on page 767 and "Index" on page 767 Extended Register Read ← Type Triggers on "Extended Register Read"...
Page 764 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) See: "Address" on page 766. ● Set a mask pattern condition to trigger on a mask expected in the message. See: "Mask" on page 767. ● Set a data pattern condition to trigger on data patterns expected in the message.
Page 765 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) ● Set a byte count condition to trigger only on command sequences that send the specified number of data frames. See: "Byte count" on page 766 ● Set a register address condition to trigger only on command sequences that write data to the specified register.
Page 766 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Remote command: on page 2068 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:SSC on page 2068 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:LENGth on page 2068 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:BP on page 2068 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:PARity on page 2068 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:NOResponse on page 2069 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:USEQuence on page 2069 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:GAP on page 2069 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:ERRor:VERSion...
Page 767 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) "Byte/Bit count Defines the second byte count value that is required to specify a (Max)" range with conditions "In range" and "Out of range". Remote command: on page 2064 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:BCOunt:CONDition on page 2064 TRIGger<m>:RFFE:BCOunt:MIN...
Page 768 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) "Condition" Sets the operator to trigger on a specific mask frame ("Equal") or a mask frame range. "Mask (Min)" Defines the mask pattern for all operators that require one pattern. "Mask (Max)"...
Page 769 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Example: RFFE label list file # Labels for RFFE protocol Column order: SID, SID text, Address, Address text # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- @PROTOCOL_NAME = rffe 0x01,LM8335 0x01,LM8335,0x00,CMTL_REG 0x01,LM8335,0x01,GPO_PULL_DIR 0x01,LM8335,0x02,GPO_PULL_ENABLE 0x01,LM8335,0x03,GPO_OUT_HIGH_CFG 0x01,LM8335,0x04,GPO_OUT_MASK 0x01,LM8335,0x05,GPO_OUT_DATA 0x01,LM8335,0x1C,PM_TRIG...
Page 770 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Decode Results Table The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 771 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Remote commands Remote commands to retrieve decode results are described in Chapter 24.17.18.3, "Decode results", on page 2069. 13.17.6 Search on decoded RFFE data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data, the same events which you also can trigger on.
Page 772 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) "Register 0 Write" Searches for Register 0 Write command sequences. Additional search parameters: ● Slave address, see "Slave Addr." on page 773. ● Data pattern, see "Data" on page 774 "Register Write"...
Page 773 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) "Master Ownership Handover" Searches for Master Ownership Handover command sequences. Additional search parameters: ● Address of the BOM-to-be, see "Slave Addr." on page 773 ● Data pattern of the confirmation sequence of the new BOM, see "Data"...
Page 774 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550) Data Searches for a data pattern or a data word range. The setting is available for all "Extended Register" command sequences, which can transfer more than one data frame. The data settings are the same as in the RFFE trigger setup, see "Data"...
Page 775 9. Press [Run Stop] to start acquisition. 10. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results" box that lists the detected events. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 776: Ethernet 100Base-T1 (Option R&S Rto6-K560)
"To display search zoom windows" on page 442. 13.18 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 100BASE-T1 is an Ethernet based protocol specialized for the needs of the automotive industry, such as in the automotive networking applications, enabling advanced safety, comfort and infotainment features within the automobile.
Page 777 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) – Symbol encoding is carried out via a one-dimensional (1D) PAM-3 encoder that converts the 3-bit groups into pairs of ternary symbols. These symbols are transmitted using three voltage levels (-1 V, 0 V and +1 V). One symbol is transmitted in each symbol period –...
Page 778 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Forward Defines the forward signal settings. You can choose between a differential and single-ended signal and set the forward source channel for the waveform.
Page 779 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Reverse attenuation Sets the attenuation factor. It is used to de-amplify the reverse signal before subtract- ing it from the forward signal. The effective signal amplitude passed to the decoder is:...
Page 780 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Symbol rate Defines the transmission rate of ternary symbols which is by default 66.67 MSymb/s. This parameter should be rarely changed. Remote command: on page 2089 BUS<m>:HBTO:SYMRate Autoset Starts software algorithms for determining the signal threshold levels and bitrate.
Page 781 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 100BASE-T1 Specific Symbol Settings Label lists are protocol-specific. Label lists for 100BASE-T1 are available in CSV and PTT format. A 100BASE-T1 label file contains two values for each ethernet header: ●...
Page 782 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 13.18.3 100BASE-T1 trigger 13.18.3.1 100BASE-T1 trigger settings Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup trigger" In this section, all trigger settings are described. Their availability on the instrument depends on the selected trigger type. The user interface of the instrument displays only appropriate settings and guides you through the trigger setup.
Page 783 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) ● Destination address ● Source address ● Length/Type ● Frame check ● Data ● Index The frame contains addresses of the devices and MAC control information that define how to go about transmitting and receiving frames.
Page 784 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Destination address Sets the specified destination address to be triggered on. The destination address setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns. The destination address corresponds to the address of the interface in the device that receives the frame.
Page 785 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) "Data Max" The second data pattern is required to specify a range with conditions "In range" and "Out of range". Remote command: on page 2092 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:SADDress:CONDition on page 2092 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:SADDress:MIN on page 2093 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:SADDress:MAX...
Page 786 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Remote command: on page 2094 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:CRC:CONDition on page 2094 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:CRC:MIN on page 2094 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:CRC:MAX Data Sets the specified data to be triggered on. The data setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns.
Page 787 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) CRC Error ← Errors Triggers on a frame that has a mismatch of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) value between the transmitting and receiving device. Remote command: on page 2097 TRIGger<m>:HBTO:ERRor:CRC...
Page 788 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Decode Results Table The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 789 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Remote commands Remote commands are described in Chapter 24.17.19.3, "Decode results", on page 2097. 13.18.5 Search on decoded 100BASE-T1 data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data. You can find the same events that you can trigger on, and even many more, since several event types can also be combined.
Page 790 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) The frame contains addresses of the devices and MAC control information that define how to go about transmitting and receiving frames. FILLER ← Type Searches for a Filler frame. The frame is used to maintain transmission activity.
Page 791 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Remote command: on page 2105 SEARch:TRIGger:HBTO:SADDress:CONDition on page 2105 SEARch:TRIGger:HBTO:SADDress:MIN on page 2106 SEARch:TRIGger:HBTO:SADDress:MAX Length/Type Sets the specified Length/Type to be searched for. The Length/Type setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns.
Page 792 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Data Sets the specified data to be searched for. The data setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns. "Condition" Defines the operator to set a specific data, e.g. "Equal" or "Not Equal") or a range.
Page 793 (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog. The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results" box that lists the detected events. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 794: Ethernet 1000Base-T1 (Option R&S Rto6-K560)
"To display search zoom windows" on page 442. 13.19 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 1000BASE-T1 is a single pair Ethernet based protocol specialized for the needs of the automotive industry, such as in the automotive networking applications, enabling advanced safety, comfort and infotainment features within the automobile.
Page 795 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 13.19.2 1000BASE-T1 configuration 13.19.2.1 1000BASE-T1 configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "1000BASE-T1" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings",...
Page 796 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Reverse Defines the reversed signal settings. The reverse direction is optional and can be dis- abled. You can choose between a differential and single-ended signal and set the source channel for the waveform. Only analog channels are available for selection.
Page 797 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 1000BASE-T1 Specific Label Settings Label lists are protocol-specific. Label lists for 1000BASE-T1 are available in CSV and PTT format. A 1000BASE-T1 label file contains two values for each ethernet header: ●...
Page 798 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 13.19.2.3 Configuring 1000BASE-T1 signals For configuration, assign the lines to the input channels and define the active states and the logical thresholds. Serial bus setup 1. Press the [Bus] key on the front panel.
Page 799 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 800 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) IDLE ← Type Triggers on an idle frame. The frame is used for clock synchronization. Error ← Type Triggers on the specified error frame. Trigger level Sets the trigger level.
Page 801 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Remote command: on page 2127 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DADDress:CONDition on page 2128 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DADDress:MIN on page 2128 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DADDress:MAX Source address Sets the specified source address to be triggered on. The source address setup con- sists of the condition and one or two data patterns.
Page 802 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Frame check Sets the specified frame check to be triggered on. The frame check setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns. This field contains a value that is used to check the integrity of the various bits in the frame fields (excluding the preamble / SFD).
Page 803 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) "Index Max" The second index pattern is required to specify a range with condi- tions "In range". Remote command: on page 2129 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DATA:ICONdition on page 2130 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DATA:IMIN on page 2130 TRIGger<m>:TBTO:DATA:IMAX...
Page 804 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) 13.19.3.2 Triggering on 1000BASE-T1 Prerequisite: A bus is configured for the 1000BASE-T1 signal to be analyzed. For the basic trigger settings, proceed in the following way: 1. Press the [Bus] key and selet the "Shortcuts" tab.
Page 805 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Figure 13-34: 1000BASE-T1 decoded signal The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 806 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Column Description Frame Check (Cyclic Redundancy Code, CRC) Bit rate Value of the bit rate Table 13-31: Content of the Details frame table Column Description Name State of the field...
Page 807 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Type Selects the search type for 1000BASE-T1 analysis. Remote command: on page 2141 SEARch:TRIGger:TBTO:TYPE Frame Start ← Type Searches for the start of frame. MAC Frame ← Type Searches for a Media Access Control (MAC) frame that matches the specified...
Page 808 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Error ← Type Searches for the specified error frame. Destination address Sets the specified destination address to be searched for. The destination address setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns.
Page 809 R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) The value in this field indicates the manner in which the field is being used, either as a length or type field. As a length field, the value in the field indicates the number of logi- cal link control (LLC) data octets that follow in the data field of the frame.
Page 810 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) "Data Min/Data" Defines the bit pattern of the data pattern. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care). To enter the pattern in other formats use the bit pattern editor, see Chapter 13.1.7, "Bit pattern...
Page 811 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560) Remote command: on page 2138 SEARch:TRIGger:TBTO:ERRor:FEC CRC error ← Errors Searches for a frame that has a mismatch of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) value between the transmitting and receiving device.
Page 812: Usb (Option R&S Rto6-K570)
442. 13.20 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) R&S RTO6-K570 is a firmware option that enables the R&S RTO6 to analyze Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocols, by triggering and decoding them. The option is compatible with the standards USB 1.0, USB 1.1, USB 2.0 and USB HSIC (High-Speed Inter- Chip).
Page 813 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● The USB protocol....................813 ● USB 2.0 configuration................... 818 ● USB 2.0 trigger......................824 ● USB 2.0 decode results..................832 ● Search on decoded USB 2.0 data.................833 13.20.1 The USB protocol The USB protocol was developed, starting in 1996, by the nonprofit organization USB Implementers Forum, Inc.
Page 814 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● Addressing scheme: a maximum of 127 connected devices can be distinguished, because a packet's address field length is limited to 7 bits. USB devices have up to 16 OUT endpoints (from host to device) and up to 16 IN endpoints (from device to host).
Page 815 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) each data packet, but disregard it unless it carries the correct address. In reply, only the addressed device (one at a time) can send data upstream, to the host. The USB architecture supports four different kinds of data transfer: control, bulk, inter- rupt or isochronous transfer.
Page 816 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) The PID's length is 8 bit, beginning (LSB) with the fields PID0, PID1, PID2 and PID3. Those 4 bits are repeated in PID4, PID5, PID6 and PID7, but in complemen- tary form (for integrity checking). The PID is the only part of a packet not to be cov- ered by the CRC (see below).
Page 817 PORT CRC5 Trigger possibilities Signals on the input channels CH1 - CH4 of the R&S RTO6 can be triggered by the option R&S RTO6-K570. The following trigger types are available: ● ANY Packet - Packet Sync: Triggering on the first rising slope after transmission of the packet Sync.
Page 818 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● Data Selection: DATA0, DATA1, DATA2, MDATA, (for USB 1.x only: AND-ing with user defined PID check, payload and CRC values) ● Handshake Packet Setup: Triggering on handshake packet, trigger with specific settings: ACK, NAK, NYET, STALL or ERR handshake packet ●...
Page 819 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Protocol type Defines the USB protocol technology and transmission speed. "USB Low speed" Selects USB 2.0 low speed protocol (1.5 Mbit/s).
Page 820 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "USB Full speed" Selects USB 2.0 full speed protocol (12 Mbit/s). Figure 13-41: USB full speed protocol configuration User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 821 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "USB High speed" Selects USB high-speed protocol (480 Mbit/s). As the signal is differ- ential, there is only one source and one threshold to be defined. Figure 13-42: USB high-speed protocol configuration...
Page 822 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "USB HSIC" Selects USB high speed inter-chip (HSIC) protocol. Figure 13-43: USB HSIC protocol configuration Remote command: on page 2148 BUS<m>:USB:TECHnology D+, D- Define the source settings for the D+ and the D- data signals for USB low speed and USB full speed protocols.
Page 823 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Data, Strobe Define the source settings for the data and the strobe signals in USB HSIC protocol. You can select analog channels "C1" to "C4", and also active math and reference waveforms as source.
Page 824 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) 13.20.3 USB 2.0 trigger If you need information on how to get started with triggering on USB 2.0 signals, see Chapter 13.20.3.2, "Triggering on USB 2.0", on page 831. Otherwise proceed with the USB 2.0 trigger settings.
Page 825 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Remote command: on page 2152 TRIGger<m>:USB:TYPE Start of packet ← Trigger type USB Sets the trigger to the SOP (start of packet) field. The start of packet condition is the end of the SYNC field. The trigger instant is the end of the SOP field.
Page 826 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "Error condition" on page 828 Token Sets the trigger to one out of four different token types: ● "OUT" ● "IN" ● "SOF" ● "SETUP" If no additional conditions are set, the trigger instant is after the PID.
Page 827 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) You can refine the trigger condition: ● "PID error " on page 829 ● "Payload" on page 829 Remote command: on page 2154 TRIGger<m>:USB:DATA Handshake Sets the trigger to one out of four different handshake types: ●...
Page 828 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● if no PID error is found, no trigger is set, even if other selected conditions are met. Otherwise, the trigger instant is defined by the first occurrence of any of the specified additional conditions.
Page 829 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Remote command: on page 2155 TRIGger<m>:USB:ERRC PID error Defines, whether a packet ID error check is executed or not. Remote command: on page 2162 TRIGger<m>:USB:WPID End Point Defines, whether an endpoint check that meets specific conditions is executed or not.
Page 830 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "Payload pat- Specifies the payload data pattern that is to be triggered. tern" Remote command: on page 2161 TRIGger<m>:USB:WPAY on page 2154 TRIGger<m>:USB:DPOPerator on page 2154 TRIGger<m>:USB:DPOSition on page 2154 TRIGger<m>:USB:DCONdition on page 2157 TRIGger<m>:USB:PATT...
Page 831 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) on page 2158 TRIGger<m>:USB:PMIN on page 2158 TRIGger<m>:USB:PMAX Defines, whether an SEU check that meets specific conditions is executed or not. S and E represent the Start and End of a start-split transaction, U represents the reserved/Unused bit of a complete-split transaction.
Page 832 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) 3. Tap the "Source" button and select the "Serial bus" trigger source. 4. Select the serial bus that is set to USB 2.0. 5. Tap "Trigger Type USB" and select the trigger type to be used for USB protocol analysis.
Page 833 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Table 13-34: Content of the Decode results table Column Description State Overall state of the packet: either OK or the relevant error condition (CRC, glitch- ing, ...) Start Start time of the packet.
Page 834 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Search types Use the "Search Types" dialog to define the event types to be searched for. Individual search parameters (which do not depend on the USB protocol type and trig- ger settings), can be specified in the tabs below the "Search criteria" dialog.
Page 835 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) Token Searches for four different token types: "OUT", "IN", "SOF", or "SETUP", and "Any" token. For "Any" token, there are no additional parameters to be defined. For "OUT", "IN", or "SETUP" tokens, additional search parameters are "Address check"...
Page 836 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) You can refine the search condition: ● "Address check" on page 836 ● "End Point check" on page 836 Remote command: on page 2178 SEARch:TRIGger:USB:SPEC Error condition Searches for the following error conditions: "PID Error"...
Page 837 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "Condition" Defining a specific endpoint or an endpoint range requires to set the operator to one of the following: equal, not equal, less than, less than or equal, greater than, greater than or equal, in range, out of range.
Page 838 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) SC check Searches for the selected Start (0) or Complete (1) SPLIT transaction endpoint, or X (do not care). Remote command: on page 2182 SEARch:TRIGger:USB:WSTC on page 2178 SEARch:TRIGger:USB:STCO Port check Enables the search for a port that meets specific conditions.
Page 839 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570) "Max" Sets the end value of an ET range if "Condition" (SEARch:TRIGger: USB:TCONdition) is set to INRange or OORange. Remote command: on page 2181 SEARch:TRIGger:USB:WETCheck on page 2179 SEARch:TRIGger:USB:TCONdition on page 2179...
Page 840: Usb 3.1 (Option R&S Rto6-K570)
833. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a USB 2.0 decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog.
Page 841 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) While USB 3.1 Gen 2 is not yet very common, you can use a fast oscilloscope (mini- mum 5 GHz) with option R&S RTO6-K570 to analyze signals encoded according to the USB 3.1 Gen 1 protocol.
Page 842 = Images courtesy of Heise Medien, Acon, phoneArena and Wikipedia author Chindi.ap Specific protocol features Key features of USB 3.1 Gen 1 that are addressed by option R&S RTO6-K570 include: ● Since 5 Gbps is too fast for serial pattern triggering, the option uses a search- based software trigger ●...
Page 843 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Each item in this list contains: ● the SCPI name of the frame (hence the name of the frame according to the related remote control com mand (SCPI)) ● the GUI name of the frame, which is sometimes identical with the SCPI name...
Page 844 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● HRR - Host Role Request = This notification type is reserved for being issued by a SuperSpeed On-the-Go (SS-OTG) device, if its Role Swap Protocol (RSP) capa- bility has been enabled.
Page 845 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● STATUS - STATUS = This transaction packet can only be sent by the host to a control endpoint. It is used to inform a control endpoint that the host has initiated the Status stage of a control transfer.
Page 846 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) We try to represent the structure of these frames. However, one single table that con- tains all frames and all fields would be very large: 30 by 40 cells. We have therefore split up the full table into the following four smaller tables: ●...
Page 847 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 848 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Table 13-38: Frames without additional fields other than in this table Frame Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 Field5 Field6 Fld.8 Field9 BCNT BERC BDAT BDAT BERC BERC BRST BRST Data Packet Payload...
Page 849 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) 13.21.2.1 USB 3.1 configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "USB 3.1" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. Figure 13-47: Serial bus protocol configuration dialog See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general...
Page 850 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Remote command: on page 2188 BUS<m>:USBThree:SOURce Polarity Defines the signal polarity settings. Permitted selections are "Normal" and "Inverted". Remote command: on page 2188 BUS<m>:USBThree:POLarity Thresholds Sets the threshold values for digitization of the analog signals.
Page 851 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) CTLE Continuous time linear equalization (CTLE) is an equalization that can be used for improving the signal performance. It boosts the high frequency noise and the signal. Thus it helps reduce the inter-symbol interference (ISI) on the reciever side.
Page 852 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Channel Length ← CTLE Selects the USB Super Speed channel length. Remote command: on page 2192 BUS<m>:USBThree:PROTocol Defines the settings of the decision feedback equalization (DFE). DFE correction is needed when the channel is distosrted.
Page 853 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) For details on configuration settings, see Chapter 13.21.2.1, "USB 3.1 configuration settings", on page 849. 13.21.3 USB 3.1 trigger If you need information on how to get started with triggering on USB 3.1 signals, see Chapter 13.21.3.2, "Triggering on USB...
Page 854 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 855 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Field name / Condition Summary / Enable ← Set details This table lists the field numbers and names in the selected frame together with a sum- mary of the user settings of checking conditions for each field and a checkbox to enable the checking.
Page 856 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Data BitState Defines the data bit state to be checked for the selected field. Permitted bit states are "1", "0" or "X" (do not care). Remote command: on page 2202 TRIGger<m>:USBThree:BIT...
Page 857 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) 2. In the "Protocol" dialog > "Display" tab, select additional result display settings: "Show decode table" and "Show binary signals". For a description of the display settings, see also Chapter 13.1.3, "Display",...
Page 858 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Column Description Numeric value The numeric value of the field Formatted Formatted content of the field, for example HPSTART "F7" = end packet framing (EPF) Remote commands Remote control commands for retrieving decode results are described in Chap- ter 24.17.22, "USB 3.1 (option R&S...
Page 859 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) Search criteria Use the "Search criteria" dialog to define the search type. If you search for frame con- tent, define the frame type in which data is to be searched.
Page 860 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570) on page 2212 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:IOPerator on page 2212 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:IOPerator on page 2213 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:IMIN on page 2213 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:IMIN on page 2213 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:IMAX on page 2213 SEARch:TRIGger:USBThree:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:IMAX 13.21.5.2 USB 3.1 search results To get search results, "Enable" the search in the "Control" section of the "Search Setup"...
Page 861: Usbpd (Option R&S Rto6-K570)
858. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a USB 3.1 decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 862 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) ● Alternate modes can be defined through vendor defined messages, which allows for USB connector pins to be used for purposes other than USB Message types In the USBPD protocol, a power delivery connection can be made between a port that supplies power (source) and a port that consumes power (sink).
Page 863 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) SCPI Description Message type XFRQ Firmware update request Extended XGBC Get battery cap Extended XGMI Get manufacturer info Extended XGBS Get battery status Extended XMFI Manufacturer info Extended XMSG Message Extended...
Page 864 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Data Defines the source settings for the data signal. You can select analog channels "C1" to "C4", and also active math and reference waveforms as source. If you want to trigger on the serial bus, analog channel sources are required.
Page 865 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) "vRd-USB" Sets the threshold at default USB Type-C current. "vRa" Sets the threshold for the low current. Remote command: on page 2220 BUS<m>:USBPd:THRBottom on page 2220 BUS<m>:USBPd:THRMid on page 2220 BUS<m>:USBPd:THRTop Show decode detail If enabled, the data words are broken down into subframes.
Page 866 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) Decoding is performed in several steps, and the end results are presented in the decode table. The decode layer selects an interim step for which the decoding result is shown in the honeycomb display.
Page 867 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 868 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) Set details Select the frame type first, and then open the "Set details" dialog. In this dialog to define the individual parameters for the fields of the selected frame. Enable/ Field name/ Condition ← Set details...
Page 869 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) "Max" Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition" = "In range"/"Out of range". Remote command: on page 2225 TRIGger<m>:USBPd:DOPerator on page 2225 TRIGger<m>:USBPd:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:DOPerator on page 2224 TRIGger<m>:USBPd:DMAX on page 2224 TRIGger<m>:USBPd:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:DMAX...
Page 870 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) 5. If you trigger on errors, enable the error types you want to find. 6. Select the frame types you want to trigger on. 7. For some frame types, you can define the frame fields.
Page 871 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) Figure 13-48: USBPD protocol: decoded signal The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 872 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) 13.22.5 Search on decoded USBPD data Using the search functionality, you can find various events in the decoded data. You can find the same events that you can trigger on, and even many more, since several event types can also be combined.
Page 873 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570) You can define individual search parameters for individual fields in the "Set details" dia- log. To specify these parameters, select a field in this table and define the data and/or index operators and values, or the bit state.
Page 874: D-Phy (Option R&S Rto6-K580)
872. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a USBPD decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 875 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) ● D-PHY basics......................875 ● D-PHY configuration..................... 875 ● D-PHY trigger......................879 ● D-PHY decode results...................885 ● Search on decoded D-PHY data................886 13.23.1 D-PHY basics A D-PHY interface consists of one clock lane and up to four data lanes. The D-PHY data lanes have two operational modes: ●...
Page 876 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Variant Selects the protocol running on the interface. You can select between the Display Serial Interface (DSI) and Camera Serial Interface (CSI-2).
Page 877 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) DP0/DN0 ← Source Connection Selects the source of the low-power data lanes. The "DP0" lane has to be present all the time, hence "Source DP0">"None" is not allowed. Remote command: on page 2246 BUS<m>:DPHY:DPZero:SOURce...
Page 878 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) Remote command: on page 2247 BUS<m>:DPHY:CP:HSPeed:HYSTeresis on page 2247 BUS<m>:DPHY:DPZero:HSPeed:HYSTeresis on page 2247 BUS<m>:DPHY:DPONe:HSPeed:HYSTeresis on page 2247 BUS<m>:DPHY:DPTWo:HSPeed:HYSTeresis on page 2247 BUS<m>:DPHY:DPTHree:HSPeed:HYSTeresis Low power thresholds ← Set thresholds Sets the thresholds for the low-power mode.
Page 879 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) "HS Burst Bits" The filtered high-speed bits of each lane , including only bits that are part of a burst. "HS Burst Words" 8 bits per word in a high-speed burst of each lane.
Page 880 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) In this section, all trigger settings are described. Their availability on the instrument depends on the selected USB protocol type and trigger type. The user interface of the instrument displays only appropriate settings and guides you through the trigger setup.
Page 881 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) HS Start of Packet ← Type Sets the trigger to the transmission start of a high-speed packet. HS End of Packet ← Type Sets the trigger to the transmission end of a high-speed packet.
Page 882 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) LP Escape Mode ← Type Sets the trigger to an escape mode event. LP Lane Turnaround ← Type Sets the trigger to a low-power turnaround, a reversion of the transmission direction.
Page 883 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) Virtual Channel Triggers on a specific virtual channel, an independent data stream for up to four periph- erals. Remote command: on page 2254 TRIGger<m>:DPHY:HSVC Data Type Sets the specified data type to be triggered on. The data type setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns.
Page 884 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) "Data Min/ Specifies the value or sets the start value of a range. Data" Sets the maximum value of a range for "Condition" = "In range"/"Out "Data Max" of range". Remote command: For "Type">"HS Data":...
Page 885 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) Remote command: on page 2252 TRIGger<m>:DPHY:ESCMode:CONDition on page 2252 TRIGger<m>:DPHY:ESCMode:MAX on page 2252 TRIGger<m>:DPHY:ESCMode:MIN 13.23.3.2 Triggering on D-PHY Prerequisite: A bus is configured for the D-PHY signal to be analyzed. For the basic trigger settings, proceed in the following way: 1.
Page 886 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) Decode Results Table The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 887 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) For general information on how to handle the search functionality, see Chapter 11, "Search functions", on page 419. 13.23.5.1 D-PHY search setup Access: [Bus] > "Shortcuts" tab > "Setup search" Type Searches for the selected D-PHY type.
Page 888 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) Remote command: on page 2268 SEARch:TRIGger:DPHY:HSVC Data Type Searches for a specific data type. The data type setup consists of the condition and one or two data patterns. "Condition" Defines the operator to set a specific data type ("Equal" or "Not equal") or a data type range.
Page 889 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) "Data Min/Data" Defines the bit pattern of the data value pattern. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care). To enter the pattern in other formats use the bit pattern editor, see Chapter 13.1.7, "Bit pattern...
Page 890 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580) "Data Max" The second data pattern is required to specify a range with conditions "In range" and "Out of range". Remote command: on page 2265 SEARch:TRIGger:DPHY:ESCMode:CONDition on page 2265 SEARch:TRIGger:DPHY:ESCMode:MAX on page 2265 SEARch:TRIGger:DPHY:ESCMode:MIN 13.23.5.2...
Page 891: M-Phy And Usb Ssic (Option R&S Rto6-K580 And K570)
887. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a D-PHY decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source. 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 892 Sleep state with a state transition time typically in the range of microseconds The R&S RTO6 supports all operating speed modes: high-speed and low-power mode. The gear settings of these modes are auto detected by the instrument.
Page 893 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) ● Stage 4: merges the data lanes and finalizes the decoding to the UniPro data frames. This stage involves the Lane Merger, PDU Sync Detector, Shift Decode and Dynamic Data unit Decoder.
Page 894 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Lanes Sets the number of logical lanes that are mapped to the physical lines. You can select up to four lanes. Remote command: on page 2274 BUS<m>:MPHY:DLANes...
Page 895 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) on page 2275 BUS<m>:MPHY:DTHRee:THReshold on page 2276 BUS<m>:MPHY:THCoupling Scrambled Mode Available, if "Variant" = "SSIC". Selects, if the SSIC data is scrambled or descrambled. Set this parameter according to your signal parameters, to ensure a proper decoding.
Page 896 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) 1. Press [Bus] on the front panel. 2. Select the tab of the bus you want to set up, for example "SB1". 3. In the "Setup" tab, select the protocol: M-PHY.
Page 897 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2278 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:TYPE Start of frame ← Type Triggers on the start of an M-PHY or a UniPro frame. Burst ← Type Triggers on an M-PHY burst frame.
Page 898 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) DL PDU COF ← Type Triggers on a UniPro DL PDU Continuation Of Pre-empted Frame (COF) that matches the specified: ● Prepare length ● ● Data ●...
Page 899 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) DL PDU NAC ← Type Triggers on a UniPro DL PDU Negative Acknowledgment Control (NAC) frame that matches the specified conditions: ● Prepare length ● RReq ●...
Page 900 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) PACP ← Type Triggers on a UniPro PHY Adapter Control Protocol (PACP) frame that matches the specified condition: ● Prepare length ● PACP Begin ● PACP Function ID ●...
Page 901 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Trigger Upr0 ← Type Triggers on a UniPro Trigger Upper0 frame. This control frame is used for link startup sequence. Trigger Upr1 ← Type Triggers on a UniPro Trigger Upper1 frame. This control frame is used for link startup sequence.
Page 902 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Prepare length Sets the prepare length. LCC Type Selects the type of LCC command to be triggered on. "Any LCC Command" All the available LCC commands "HIBERN8-SLEEP"...
Page 903 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) "Reserved" Reserved bit command. These bits are reserved for future use. Remote command: on page 2279 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:LCCType WORD 1/WORD 2/WORD 3/WORD 4 Sets the specified words to be triggered on. The setup for a word consists of the condi- tion and one or two word patterns.
Page 904 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Data Sets the data to be triggered on. The trigger data setup consists of a comparison con- dition and one or two data patterns. "Condition" Sets the comparison condition to a specific value or a range.
Page 905 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2285 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:FSNumber:CONDition on page 2286 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:FSNumber:MIN on page 2286 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:FSNumber:MAX Sets the specified Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to be triggered on. The CRC setup consists of the condition and one or two CRC patterns.
Page 906 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) "Data Min/Data" Defines the bit pattern of the credit pattern. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care). To enter the pattern in other formats use the bit pattern editor, see Chapter 13.1.7, "Bit pattern...
Page 907 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Errors Sets the type of error events to be triggered on. Reserved Bit Error ← Errors Triggers on reserved bit error. This error means that the waveform violates the reserved field according to the specifi- cation.
Page 908 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) 4. Tap "Serial bus" and select the serial bus that is set to M-PHY, e.g.: The "Protocol" selection is then automatically set to "M-PHY". 5. Select the "Type" to use in the M-PHY protocol analysis.
Page 909 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2321 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:ERENable on page 2321 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:ERRor<n>:ENABle Set details Opens a dialog to define frame specific settings. AND / Field name / Condition ← Set details...
Page 910 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:DOPerator on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:DOPerator on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:DMIN on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:DMIN on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:DMAX on page 2323 TRIGger<m>:MPHY:SSIC:FRAMe<n>:FLD<o>:DMAX BitState Defines the bit state to be checked for the selected field.
Page 911 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) For details, see Chapter 13.24.3.3, "SSIC trigger settings", on page 908. 13.24.4 M-PHY decode results When the configuration of the serial bus is complete, the signal can be decoded: 1.
Page 912 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Column Description Numeric Hexadecimal value of the field Formatted Formatted content of the field Tools Press "Display settings" in the "Decode Results" table to access the "Display" tab.
Page 913 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2300 SEARch:TRIGger:MPHY:TYPE Start of frame ← Type Searches for the start of an M-PHY or a UniPro frame. Burst ← Type Searches for an M-PHY burst.
Page 914 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Trigger Upper1 ← Type Searches for a Trigger Upper1 frame. This control frame is used for link startup sequence. Trigger Upper2 ← Type Searches for a Trigger Upper2 frame. This control frame is used for link startup sequence.
Page 915 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) "Data Min/Data" Defines the bit pattern of the word pattern. In binary format, use the following characters: 1; 0; or X (do not care). To enter the pattern in other formats use the bit pattern editor, see Chapter 13.1.7, "Bit pattern...
Page 916 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) "Data Max" The second data pattern is required to specify a range with conditions "In range" and "Out of range". Remote command: on page 2306 SEARch:TRIGger:MPHY:DATA:DCONdition...
Page 917 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) "Condition" Defines the operator to set a specific CRC, e.g. "Equal" or "Not Equal" or a range. "Data Min/Data" Defines the bit pattern of the CRC pattern.
Page 918 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) Remote command: on page 2311 SEARch:TRIGger:MPHY:CREDit:CONDition on page 2311 SEARch:TRIGger:MPHY:CREDit:MIN on page 2311 SEARch:TRIGger:MPHY:CREDit:MAX PACP Begin Sets the specified PACP Begin to be searched for. The PACP Begin setup consists of the condition and one or two PACP Begin patterns.
Page 919 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570) This error means that the waveform violates the reserved field according to the specifi- cation. For example, a DL_PDU_AFC frame requires that the two bits before and three bits after the FSN field to be reserved and set as 0.
Page 920 912. 5. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs an M-PHY decode according to the thresholds and proto- col settings of the associated serial bus source. 6. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 921: 8B/10B (Option R&S Rto6-K590)
Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI). The R&S RTO6 can decode differential and single-ended 8b/10b signals. Furthermore, you can search the decoded data to isolate data contents and error states such as dis- parity violations.
Page 922 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) 13.25.1 The 8b/10b code The 8b10b is a code where an 8-bit parallel data input is mapped into a 10-bit output. This code achieves a DC-balance and bounded disparity and simultaneously allows a reasonable clock recovery.
Page 923 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Signal type Selects the signal type that is used for the decoding. You can choose between a differ- ential and single-ended signal.
Page 924 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Threshold High Sets the threshold high of the signal, if "Signal type" > "Differential". Remote command: on page 2332 BUS<m>:EBTB:DIFFerential:THRHigh Threshold Low Sets the threshold low of the signal, if "Signal type" > "Differential".
Page 925 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Autoset Starts software algorithms for determining the signal threshold levels and bitrate. Remote command: on page 1671 BUS<m>:FAUToset Sync symbol Selects the sync symbol, a control symbol used for low-level control functions. You can select one of the comma control symbols (K28.1, K28.5, K28.7) used for synchroniza-...
Page 926 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Display Format Selects the display format for the results of the display table. Remote command: on page 2333 BUS<m>:EBTB:DISF 13.25.2.4 Configuring 8b/10b For configuration, you assign the line to the input channel, set the threshold, the bitrate, and the sync symbol.
Page 927 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) 13.25.3 8b/10b trigger If you need information on how to get started with triggering on 8b/10b signals, see Chapter 13.25.3.2, "Triggering on 8b/10b data", on page 930. Otherwise proceed with the 8b/10b trigger settings.
Page 928 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) K/D Codes Symbol ← K/D symbol Selects the control character. Remote command: on page 2338 TRIGger<m>:EBTB:SYMType x value ← K/D symbol Sets the x value of the data character Dx.y to be triggered on, if "K/D symbol" > "Dx.y".
Page 929 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Remote command: on page 2338 TRIGger<m>:EBTB:SYME Error Condition Triggers on the selected error conditions. Disparity error ← Error Condition Triggers on disparity errors. Remote command: on page 2336 TRIGger<m>:EBTB:DISParityerr Glitching error ← Error Condition Triggers on glitch errors.
Page 930 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) 13.25.3.2 Triggering on 8b/10b data Prerequisite: A bus is configured for the 8b/10b signal to be analyzed. For the basic trigger settings, proceed in the following way: 1. Press the [Bus] key and selet the "Shortcuts" tab.
Page 931 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Table 13-48: Content of the decode result table Column Description Symbol Shows the index number of the symbol State Overall state of the symbol Start Time of the symbol start in relation to the trigger point...
Page 932 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Type Selects the type of condition to be searched for. Available are: ● "K/D symbol" ● "8 bit pattern" ● "10 bit pattern" ● "Expression" ● "Error Condition" Press "Define search details" to open a dialog for defining search type dependent set- tings.
Page 933 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590) Disparity error Searches for disparity errors. Remote command: on page 2341 SEARch:TRIGger:EBTB:DISParityerr Glitching error Searches for glitching errors. Remote command: on page 2342 SEARch:TRIGger:EBTB:GLITcherror Unknown symbol error Searches for a symbol that is not defined by the the 8b/10b.
Page 934: Pcie (Option R&S Rto6-K72)
"To display search zoom windows" on page 442. 13.26 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) R&S RTO6-K590 is a firmware option that enables the R&S RTO6 to analyze Periph- eral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) signals encoded by the PCIe standard, generation 1 and 2.
Page 935 ● Physical layer: includes the circuitry for the interface operation. PCIe Packet Types The communication between the layers is done through packets. All packet types that can be decoded by the R&S RTO6 are listed below. SCPI name Description Type...
Page 936 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) SCPI name Description Type CPLLK Completion for Locked Memory Read without Data CPLDLK Completion for Locked Memory Read FA32 / FA64 Fetch and Add AtomicOp Request for 32 bit/ 64-bit addresssing packet format...
Page 937 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) 13.26.2 PCIe configuration 13.26.2.1 PCIe configuration settings Access: [Bus] > "PCIe" > "Setup" tab Make sure that the tab of the correct serial bus is selected. See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings",...
Page 938 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Link Selects the link width, the number of lanes that are used for the transmission of the data. Remote command: on page 2348 BUS<m>:PCIE:LNKW Descrambling Enables descrambling of the data. Remote command: on page 2347 BUS<m>:PCIE:DSCRambling...
Page 939 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Couple thresholds ← Thresholds Enables the same threshold value for all lanes. Find thresholds ← Thresholds Executes the measurement of reference levels and sets the thresholds to the middle reference level of the measured amplitude.
Page 940 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Decode layer Selects the decode layer. Decoding is performed in several steps, and the end results are presented in the decode table. The decode layer selects an interim step for which the decoding result is shown in the honeycomb display.
Page 941 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) clock signal matches the frequency and is aligned to the phase of the data stream. The recovered clock can be used to sample the data stream and to obtain the sequence of transmitted bits.
Page 942 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) "Damping" Sets the damping factor, which is only relevant for second order PLL. Remote command: on page 2350 BUS<m>:CDR:PLL:ORDer on page 2349 BUS<m>:CDR:PLL:BWIDth on page 2350 BUS<m>:CDR:PLL:RELBwidth on page 2350 BUS<m>:CDR:PLL:DAMPing Initial phase sync.
Page 943 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 944 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) "Any type" Triggers on any transaction type. "Mem" Triggers on memory transaction type used for data transfers to mem- ory-mapped locations. "IO" Triggers on I/O transaction type used for data transfers to I/O-map- ped locations.
Page 945 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Remote command: on page 2358 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:TLP:SNOO Requester ID ← TLP (Transaction layer) Triggers on a requester ID, consisting of the requester's bus number, device number, and function number. Remote command: on page 2358 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:TLP:REID...
Page 946 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Completer ID ← TLP (Transaction layer) Triggers on a completer ID, consisting of the completer's bus number, device number, and function number. Remote command: on page 2357 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:TLP:CPID DLLP Type Sets the trigger to the type of DLLP. You can refine the settings for the different types according to their specifications.
Page 947 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Phase ← MRInit ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on a phase state. Remote command: on page 2353 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:PHAS VH FC ← MRInit ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on a virtual hierarchies flow control presence.
Page 948 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) VL Number ← MRInitFC1/InitFC2/UpdateFC ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on a virtual link (VL) number. Remote command: on page 2355 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:VLNR VH Absent ← MRInitFC1/InitFC2/UpdateFC ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on absent virtual hierarchies (VH).
Page 949 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) A ← MRReset ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on the value of the A bit (Ack/Request). Remote command: on page 2353 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:RESA VH Group ← MRReset ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Triggers on the selected virtual hierarchies group.
Page 950 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Remote command: on page 2352 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:DLLP:FCTL:VCID DLLP PM conditions Triggers on a specified power management conditions. PM Type ← DLLP PM conditions Triggers on a power management type. Remote command: on page 2355 TRIGger<m>:PCIE:DLLP:POWM...
Page 951 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) "CRC16 error" Triggers on 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors. "LCRC error" Triggers on link cyclic redundancy check (LCRC) errors. "ECRC error" Triggers on end-to-end cyclic redundancy checksum (ECRC) errors. "Invalid sym- Triggers on invalid symbol errors.
Page 952 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) For information on how to proceed with the configuration settings, see Chap- ter 13.26.4.1, "PCIe trigger settings", on page 942. 13.26.5 PCIe Gen 1/2 decode results When the configuration of the serial bus is complete, the signal can be decoded: 1.
Page 953 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Column Description DataFC Credit value of the payload data Completion status Completion status field value Requester ID Requester ID Completer ID Completer ID Bit rate The bit rate of the packet...
Page 954 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Make sure that: ● In the [Bus] > "Setup" tab: – The correct "Protocol" is selected. – The data sources of the serial bus are channel signals. ● In the "Trigger" > "Setup" tab: –...
Page 955 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) "Any type" Searches for any transaction type. "Mem" Searches for memory transaction type used for data transfers to memory-mapped locations. "IO" Searches for I/O transaction type used for data transfers to I/O-map- ped locations.
Page 956 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Remote command: on page 2379 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:TLP:SNOO Requester ID ← TLP (Transaction layer) Searches for a requester ID, consisting of the requester's bus number, device number, and function number. Remote command: on page 2379 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:TLP:REID Device ID ←...
Page 957 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Completer ID ← TLP (Transaction layer) Searches for a completer ID, consisting of the completer's bus number, device number, and function number. Remote command: on page 2377 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:TLP:CPID DLLP Type Sets the trigger to the type of DLLP. You can refine the settings for the different types according to their specifications.
Page 958 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Phase ← MRInit ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for a phase state. Remote command: on page 2370 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:PHAS VH FC ← MRInit ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for a virtual hierarchies flow control presence.
Page 959 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) VL Number ← MRInitInit FC1/InitFC2/UpdateFC ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for a virtual link (VL) number. Remote command: on page 2372 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:VLNR VH Absent ← MRInitInit FC1/InitFC2/UpdateFC ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for absent virtual hierarchies (VH).
Page 960 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) A ← MRReset ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for the value of the A bit (Ack/ Request). Remote command: on page 2371 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:DLLP:MULT:RESA VH Group ← MRReset ← DLLP MRDLLP conditions Searches for the selected virtual hierarchies group.
Page 961 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) Remote command: on page 2369 SEARch:TRIGger:PCIE:DLLP:FCTL:VCID DLLP PM conditions Searches for a specified power management conditions. PM Type ← DLLP PM conditions Searches for a power management type. Remote command: on page 2372...
Page 962 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72) "CRC16 error" Searches for 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors. "LCRC error" Searches for link cyclic redundancy check (LCRC) errors. "ECRC error" Searches for end-to-end cyclic redundancy checksum (ECRC) errors. "Invalid sym- Searches for invalid symbol errors.
Page 963 Chapter 13.26.6.1, "PCIe Gen 1/2 search settings", on page 953. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs an PCIe decode according to the thresholds and protocol settings of the associated serial bus source. User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05...
Page 964: Ddr (Option R&S Rto6-K91 )
7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results" box that lists the detected events. For information on how to configure the search results presentation and how to navi- gate the search results, see also "To display search zoom windows"...
Page 965 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) See also: Chapter 13.1.1, "Setup - general settings", on page 485 Variant Selects the DDR standard. "DDR3" Requires option R&S RTO6-K91. Remote command: on page 2387 BUS<m>:DDR:STANdard Sets the channel for the data output signal.
Page 966 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Threshold Sets the threshold value for the digitization of the DQ/DQS lane. There are two ways to set the thresholds: ● "Threshold" Enter individual values for each line directly in the fields.
Page 967 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Decode layer Selects the decode layer. Decoding is performed in several layers, and the end results are presented in the decode table. The decode layer selects an interim step for which the decoding result is shown in the honeycomb display.
Page 968 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Before you can start the search, you have to configure the bus correctly and acquire decoded data. To search on decoded data, set the search source to "SerBus" for the configured proto- col.
Page 969 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Error type You can search for "Frame Incomplete" and "Length error". Remote command: on page 2394 SEARch:TRIGger:DDR:ERRor<m>:ENABle on page 2394 SEARch:TRIGger:DDR:ERENable Set details In this dialog, you can define the individual search parameters for the fields of the selected frame.
Page 970 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) on page 2395 SEARch:TRIGger:DDR:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:DMIN on page 2396 SEARch:TRIGger:DDR:DOPerator on page 2396 SEARch:TRIGger:DDR:FRAMe<m>:FLD<n>:DOPerator Index ← Set details The search index setup consists of a comparison condition and one or two address patterns.
Page 971 968. 6. To acquire a waveform, press [Single]. The R&S RTO6 performs a DDR decode according to the thresholds and protocol settings of the associated serial bus source (here in our example SB1). 7. To start searching the acquired waveform for specific events, tap "Enable" in the search setup dialog: The R&S RTO6 displays the "Search Results"...
Page 972 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Decode Results Table The results are shown in two tables: ● "Decode results": contains information about all decoded frames ● "Details frame": contains more detailed information about the selected frame in the "Decode results"...
Page 973 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) 13.27.4.1 Basic setup Access: [App Cockpit]> "Analysis" > "Eye Analysis" > "Setup" tab In the "Setup" tab, you configure the source, the timing reference, and horizontal scale settings of the eye diagram. The vertical scale of the eye diagram is coupled to the ver- tical scale of the data source.
Page 974 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) └ Estimate clock frequency................977 └ Clock multiplier....................977 └ Clock edge....................977 └ Data rate....................... 977 └ Clock offset....................977 └ Estimate clock offset..................977 └ Sampling time....................978 State Activates or deactivates the eye diagram.
Page 975 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) CDR ← Reference signal Uses a hardware clock data recovery. Protocol ← Reference signal If "Protocol" is selected as the reference type signal, the DDR source signal settings are used for the timing information.
Page 976 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) "Range" Time range that is covered by the eye diagram. "Position" Place of the zero point in the diagram, in seconds. The zero point is the alignment point on which the slice timestamps are superimposed.
Page 977 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Remote command: on page 2406 EYE<m>:TIMReference:CLOCk:LEVel Clock frequency ← Explicit clock Sets the clock frequency of the explicit clock signal. If this value is unknown, you can use "Estimate clock frequency".
Page 978 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Remote command: on page 2406 EYE<m>:TIMReference:CLOCk:OFEStimation Sampling time ← Explicit clock Sets a sampling time for the explicit clock signal, an offset for the clock edge in relation to the bit start. The clock edge sets the beginning of the unit interval. The sampling time is a number between 0 and 1.
Page 979 2409 EYE<m>:DISPlay:PERSistence:INFinite Time ← Persistence Sets a time factor that controls how long the waveform points fade away from the dis- play. Thus, the R&S RTO6 emulates the persistence of analog phosphor screens. Remote command: on page 2409 EYE<m>:DISPlay:PERSistence:TIME Reset ←...
Page 980 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) 13.27.4.3 Qualify settings Access: [App Cockpit]> "Analysis" > "DDR Eye" > "Qualify" tab Using the qualification settings, you can restrict the slices that contribute to the eye dia- gram. The restriction can be in horizontal direction (gate), or in vertical direction using the reference level.
Page 981 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Remote command: on page 2410 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE[:STATe] on page 2410 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:COUPling on page 2410 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:MODE on page 2411 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:ABSolute:STARt on page 2411 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:ABSolute:STOP on page 2411 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:RELative:STARt on page 2411 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:RELative:STOP on page 2412 EYE<m>:QUALify:GATE:CURSor...
Page 982 Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) You can configure and analyze up to four independent eye diagrams in parallel (vertical subtabs Eye 1 to Eye 4). Make sure to select the correct eye diagram subtab on the left before you adjust the settings.
Page 983 ® Protocol analysis R&S RTO6 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 ) Remote command: on page 2415 EYE<m>:FILTer:BPATtern:PREFix<1..8> on page 2415 EYE<m>:FILTer:BPATtern:CENTer on page 2415 EYE<m>:FILTer:BPATtern:SUFFix<1..5> Pattern control Shift the pattern bit by bit to the left or to the right, and reset to the default (X for all bits).
Page 984: Mixed Signal Option (Mso, R&S Rto6-B1)
RTO6 14 Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) The Mixed Signal Option R&S RTO6-B1 adds logic analyzer functions to the classical oscilloscope functions. Using the MSO option, you can analyze and debug embedded systems with mixed-signal designs that use analog signals and correlated digital sig- nals simultaneously.
Page 985: Digital Channels And Parallel Buses
® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses 14.1 Digital channels and parallel buses Each digital channel can be displayed on the screen and used as trigger source. Digital channels can be grouped and displayed as a parallel bus. Up to four parallel buses can be configured;...
Page 986 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Enable bus Enables the selected parallel bus. The corresponding signal icon appears on the signal bar. If another active bus already uses the same digital channel, the instrument disables the other bus and shows a message.
Page 987 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Threshold Hysteresis Logic 0 Logic 1 Logic 0 By default, same threshold and hysteresis value are used for all digital channels and all parallel buses: "Couple thresholds" is enabled.
Page 988 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Remote command: on page 2425 (all buses) BUS<m>:PARallel:THCoupling on page 2422 (bus1) DIGital<m>:THCoupling Hysteresis ← Advanced Defines the size of the hysteresis for the respective channels.
Page 989 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Show bus If enabled, the resulting bus signal and bus values are displayed in the diagram. Select the presentation type for the bus signal with "Bus display"...
Page 990 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Clock source ← Clocked bus Selects the digital channel used as clock. Remote command: on page 2429 BUS<m>:PARallel:CLOCk Clock slope ← Clocked bus Selects the slope of the clock signal at which all digital channels of the bus are ana- lyzed.
Page 991 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Global skew Sets a general delay for all digital channels. The resulting skew of a digital channel is the sum of the general "Global skew" and the individual "Skew".
Page 992 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Digital channels and parallel buses Dig. resolution Shows the current digital resolution of the digital channels. The maximum digital record length is always 200 MSa per digital channel. This number is independent of the instal- led memory.
Page 993 14.1.3 Using digital probes Ensuring accurate measurement results The mixed-signal-option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) with connected probe leads is consid- ered as a test probe, according to EN 61326-2-1, clause 5.2.4.101. Therefore, the measurements are sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Consider additional shielding methods to avoid interference.
Page 994: Display
® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Display The digital signals are shown in the diagram, and the signal icon of the parallel bus appears on the signal bar. Using this bus icon, you can minimize, arrange, and switch off the bus together with its channels in the same way as you do with any waveform.
Page 995 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Display You can also drag the bus waveforms on the display and scale them. ● Show the result box of the decoded clocked bus signal Each parallel bus is shown in a separate diagram, and the diagrams can be minimized and arranged as usual.
Page 996: Trigger
® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Trigger The results can be saved to a .csv or .html file, see Chapter 12.2.4, "Results", on page 467. 14.2.2 Adjusting the display of digital channels and parallel buses The display of digital channels and parallel buses is flexible, you can adjust it to your needs by combining the following settings: 1.
Page 997 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Trigger Table 14-1: Trigger types and digital trigger sources Trigger type Trigger source is Digital channel Logic combination of Parallel bus digital channels Edge Width Timeout Setup & Hold State Pattern (with holdoff)
Page 998 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Trigger Source If the Mixed Signal Option is installed, the variety of trigger sources is enhanced with specific digital trigger sources. As a trigger source you can select: ● One of the digital channels "D0" ... "D15"...
Page 999 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Trigger Figure 14-1: Edge trigger settings for trigger source = logical combination of digital channels (Logic) Slope Defines the edge - the state transition - of the signal. "Positive" Means a 0 to 1 transition of the state.
Page 1000 ® Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1) R&S RTO6 Trigger Figure 14-2: Width trigger settings for trigger source = logical combination of digital channels Polarity Sets the polarity of a pulse to "Positive", "Negative", or "Both". When triggering on a positive pulse, the trigger event occurs on the high to low transi- tion of the pulse if the timing condition is true.

R&S RTO6 User Manual

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Setup Settings

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