Perkins 400 Series Operation And Maintenance Manual page 43

SEBU7992-05
Illustration 28
Typical API symbol
Diesel engine oils CC, CD, CD-2, and CE have not
been API authorized classifications since January 1,
1996. Table 22 summarizes the status of the
classifications.
Table 22
API Classifications
Current
CF-4, CG-4, CH-4
CF
CF-2 (1)
(1) The classifications CD-2 and American Petroleum Institute CF-
2 are for two-cycle diesel engines. Perkins does not sell en-
gines that utilize CD-2 and API CF-2 oils.
Terminology
Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of
"SAE J754". Some classifications follow "SAE J183"
abbreviations, and some classifications follow the
"EMA Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine
Oil". In addition to Perkins definitions, there are other
definitions that will be of assistance in purchasing
lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities can be
found in this publication, "Fluid Recommendations/
Engine Oil" topic (Maintenance Section).
Engine Oil
Commercial Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine oils is
based on American Petroleum Institute (API)
classifications. These API classifications are
developed to provide commercial lubricants for a
broad range of diesel engines that operate at various
conditions.
Only use commercial oils that meet the following
classifications:
• EMA DHD-1 multigrade oil (preferred oil)
g00546535
Obsolete
CE
CC, CD
CD-2 (1)
• API CH-4 multigrade oil (preferred oil)
• ACEAE5
To make the correct choice of a commercial oil, refer
to the following explanations:
EMA DHD-1 – The Engine Manufacturers
Association (EMA) has developed lubricant
recommendations as an alternative to the API oil
classification system. DHD-1 is a Recommended
Guideline that defines a level of oil performance for
these types of diesel engines: high speed, four stroke
cycle, heavy-duty and light duty. DHD-1 oils may be
used in Perkins engines when the following oils are
recommended: API CH-4, API CG-4, and API CF-4.
DHD-1 oils are intended to provide superior
performance in comparison to API CG-4 and API CF-
4.
DHD-1 oils will meet the needs of high-performance
Perkins diesel engines that are operating in many
applications. The tests and the test limits that are
used to define DHD-1 are similar to the new API CH-
4 classification. Therefore, these oils will also meet
the requirements for diesel engines that require low
emissions. DHD-1 oils are designed to control the
harmful effects of soot with improved wear resistance
and improved resistance to plugging of the oil filter.
These oils will also provide superior piston deposit
control for engines with either two-piece steel pistons
or aluminum pistons.
All DHD-1 oils must complete a full test program with
the base stock and with the viscosity grade of the
finished commercial oil. The use of "API Base Oil
Interchange Guidelines" are not appropriate for DHD-
1 oils. This feature reduces the variation in
performance that can occur when base stocks are
changed in commercial oil formulations.
DHD-1 oils are recommended for use in extended oil
change interval programs that optimize the life of the
oil. These oil change interval programs are based on
oil analysis. DHD-1 oils are recommended for
conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor has the specific
guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed to meet
the requirements of the new high-performance diesel
engines. Also, the oil was designed to meet the
requirements of the low emissions diesel engines.
API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use in older
diesel engines and in diesel engines that use high
sulfur diesel fuel. API CH-4 oils may be used in
Perkins engines that use API CG-4 and API CF-4
oils. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the
performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria:
deposits on pistons, control of oil consumption, wear
of piston rings, valve train wear, viscosity control, and
corrosion.
43
Maintenance Section
Fluid Recommendations