Piping Specifications - FULTON VSRT Series Installation, Operation And Maintenance Manual

INSTALLATION - 2
Chlorides: If chloride levels are high enough to
cause severe corrosion, they can be controlled by
limiting the cycles of concentration and increasing
boiler blowdowns. Corrosion from chlorides can also
be controlled by increasing the amount of corrosion
inhibitor or changing to a more effective inhibitor.
Oil: Oil is not a natural constituent of boiler water;
still it can frequently enter a system through leaks in
a condenser or other heat exchanger. Oil can also
enter a system through the lubrication of steam driven
reciprocating equipment. Whatever the source, the
presence of oil in boiler water is undesirable. Oil can
act as a binder to form scale. In high heat-transfer
areas oil can carbonize and further contribute to
the formation of scale and low pH. Foaming is one
indication of oil in boiler water. Its presence can also
be confirmed by first shaking a bottle containing
boiler water. If oil is present foam will result. Often oil
in boiler water will originate in the condensate. This
contaminated condensate should be directed to the
sewer until the source of the oil is determined and
corrective steps taken.
Iron (oxides): Iron in any of its oxide or complex forms
is undesirable in boiler water. Iron in its various forms
can originate in the raw water makeup, condensate
return water, or form directly in the boiler as a result of
corrosion. It can concentrate in the boiler and it tends
to collect in stagnant areas.
Water Hardness: Water hardness is the measure of
calcium and magnesium content as calcium carbonate
equivalents. Water hardness is a primary source of
scale in boiler equipment. Hardness is removed by
softening.
Periodically, the ion exchange resin bed requires
regeneration by flushing through with a brine solution
followed by rising with fresh water. The interval
between regeneration is dependent upon the raw
water hardness and flowrate.
2.12

PIPING SPECIFICATIONS

For piping the basic considerations are: the design temperature, the pressure retained by the
pipe, the fluid in the pipe, the load resulting from thermal expansion or contraction, impact or
shock loads imparted (such as water hammer, external loads, wind loads and vibration from
equipment).
Adhere to the following:
1. The arrangement of the piping and its appurtenances must take into consideration the
location of other structures and equipment adjacent to the piping. The potential for freezing
interference and/or damage as a result of expansion, contraction, vibration, or other
movements must be factored in.
VSRT-IOMM-2019-1
In all cases the water hardness should be tested
periodically and prior to starting the generator to
ensure efficient operation of the softener. Unsoftened
water should not be allowed to enter the steam
generator unless sufficient scale inhibitor chemical is
used.
Feedwater: Feedwater is the combination of fresh
makeup and returning condensate that is pumped to
the boiler.
Condensate: Condensate is condensed steam that
is normally low in dissolved solids. Hence, it does
not contribute to the dissolved solid content of the
feedwater. In addition, condensate is very expensive to
waste. It's been chemically treated, heated, pumped,
converted to steam, and condensed.
Dissolved Solids: Dissolved solids are salts in the
water that stay in solution. They are invisible to the
naked eye. As the boiler generates steam, dissolved
solids will concentrate. If the concentration becomes
too high, they will precipitate, form a suspended solid,
and concentrate in the vessel. Daily boiler blowdown
is recommended to help prevent the formation of
deposits. Consult Blowdown procedure in the Daily
Maintenance Schedule section of this manual.
Chemical Dosing: In addition to softening the
feedwater, it is also important to consider other factors
such as dissolved oxygen and acidity. Depending
on the results of an analysis, it may be necessary to
inject appropriate amounts of corrective chemical into
the feedwater system. This is usually achieved by
means of a chemical compound solution and variable
output metering pump mounted at the storage vessel.
It is important that the chemicals and quantities are
correct and it is advisable to contact a water treatment
company to arrange a feedwater analysis.
Fulton Ltd
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