Perkins 2506 Operation And Maintenance Manual page 46

46
Maintenance Section
Fluid Recommendations
The oil analysis is a diagnostic tool that is used to
determine oil performance and component wear
rates. Contamination can be identified and measured
through the use of the oil analysis. The oil analysis
includes the following tests:
• The Wear Rate Analysis monitors the wear of the
engine's metals. The amount of wear metal and
type of wear metal that is in the oil is analyzed.
The increase in the rate of engine wear metal in
the oil is as important as the quantity of engine
wear metal in the oil.
• Tests are conducted in order to detect
contamination of the oil by water, glycol or fuel.
• The Oil Condition Analysis determines the loss of
the oil's lubricating properties. An infrared analysis
is used to compare the properties of new oil to the
properties of the used oil sample. This analysis
allows technicians to determine the amount of
deterioration of the oil during use. This analysis
also allows technicians to verify the performance
of the oil according to the specification during the
entire oil change interval.
Fuel Specifications
Fuel Recommendations
To get the correct power and performance from the
engine, use a fuel of the correct quality. The
recommended fuel specification for Perkins engines
is shown below:
• Cetane number
• Viscosity 2,0 to 4.5 cSt at 40 °C (104 °F)
• Density
• Sulfur
• Distillation
• Lubricity 460 micrometers maximum wear
scar on "ISO 12156 - 1"
Cetane number
This indicates the properties of ignition of the fuel.
Fuel with a low cetane number can be the root cause
of problems during cold start. This will affect
combustion.
Viscosity
This is the resistance to flow of a fluid. If this
resistance is outside the limits, the engine and the
engine starting performance in particular can be
affected.
Sulfur
45 minimum
0.835 to 0.855 Kg/liter
0.2% of mass, maximum
85% at 350 °C (662 °F)
High sulfur content of the fuel is not normally found in
Europe, North America or Australasia. This can
cause engine wear. When only high sulfur fuels are
available, it will be necessary that high alkaline
lubricating oil is used in the engine or that the
lubricating oil change interval is reduced.
Distillation
This is an indication of the mixture of different
hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light weight
hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
combustion.
Lubricity
This is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
wear.
Diesel engines have the ability to burn a wide variety
of fuels. These fuels are divided into four general
groups:
• Group 1 (preferred fuels)
• Group 2 (permissible fuels)
• Group 3 (aviation kerosene fuels)
• Other fuels
Group 1 (preferred fuels): Specification
"DERV to EN590"
Note: Only use Arctic fuels when the temperature is
below 0 °C (32 °F). Do not use Arctic fuels when the
ambient temperature is above 0 °C (32 °F). To
ensure that the time period between cranking the
engine and first fire is kept to a minimum, only use
fuel of the correct viscosity and at the correct
temperature.
Gas oil to "BS2869 Class A2"
"ASTM D975 - 91 Class 2D" This can only be used if
the fuel has the correct specification of lubricity.
"JIS K2204 (1992) Grades 1,2,3 and Special Grade
3" This can only be used if the fuel has the correct
specification of lubricity.
Note: If low sulfur or low sulfur aromatic fuels are
used, then fuel additives can be used to increase
lubricity.
Group 2 (permissible fuels): Specification
These fuel specifications are considered acceptable
for issues of warranty. However,these fuels may
reduce the life of the engine, the engine's maximum
power and the engine's fuel efficiency.
"ASTM D975 - 91 Class 1D"
"JP7, Mil T38219"
"NATO F63"
SEBU8313-02