Bartington MS2 Operation Manual

Bartington MS2 Operation Manual

Magnetic susceptibility system
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Operation Manual for
MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System

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Summary of Contents for Bartington MS2

  • Page 1 Operation Manual for MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System...
  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    4.4. Software 4.5. SI and CGS units 4.6. Range Selection 4.7. Calibration 5. MS2 Meter 5.1. Front Panel Controls 5.2 MS2 Meter Rear Panel 5.3. Rear Panel 5.4. Connecting a Sensor 5.5. Taking Measurements 5.6. Serial Interface 5.7. Internal Batteries 5.8.
  • Page 3 8. MS2E High Resolution Surface Scanning Sensor 8.1. General Description 8.2. Characteristics 8.3. Operating Instructions 8.4. Care of Sensor 9. MS2 Probe Handle for Use with Probes Type MS2D and MS2F 9.1. General Description 10. MS2D Probe 10.1. General Description 10.2. Calibration Notes 11.
  • Page 4 14. MS2K High Stability Surface Scanning Sensor 14.1. General Description 14.2. Characteristics 14.3. Operating Instructions 15. MS2/MS3 Susceptibility/Temperature System 15.1 MS2/MS3 Susceptibility Temperature System Cables 16. MS2W Water Jacketed Sensor 16.1. Calibration Note 17. MS2WF Furnace Sensor 17.1. Operation 17.2. Construction 17.3.
  • Page 5 BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 20.2. Connection to a Computer (GeoLab for Windows Software) 20.3. Sensor Orientation 20.4 Sample Insertion 20.5. High Temperature Measurements 20.6. Thermal Gradients 20.7. Low Temperature Measurements 20.8. GeoLab 21. Troubleshooting 21.1. No Push-Button Operation 21.2. Large Variations in Measured Values 21.3.
  • Page 6: List Of Figures

    Figure 8. MS2E response characteristics. Figure 9. MS2E calibration sample: correct orientation Figure 10. Using a non-magnetic ruler with MS2E sensor. Figure 11. MS2 probe handle for use with probes type MS2D and MS2F. Figure 12. MS2D probe. Figure 13. MS2F probe.
  • Page 7: About This Manual

    Note: Provides useful supporting information on how to make better use of your purchase. 2. Safe Use WARNING: While the MS2 meter usually runs off internal batteries, it can also be powered by mains electricity. Ensure that the unit is properly earthed at all times. When using the mains power supply, ensure that the mains adaptor is correct for the local AC mains voltage (110V or 240V).
  • Page 8: Introduction

    USB interface for use in conjunction with a Windows computer or PDA. It can be used with all of the MS2 sensors in place of the MS2 meter. As it is the subject of its own operation manual (OM3227), available from the product page, it will not be discussed further here.
  • Page 9: General Information

    Any thermally induced sensor drift needs to be eliminated by occasionally obtaining a new ‘air’ value, to re-establish the zero reference. This is done by pressing the ‘Z’ button on the MS2 meter (see Front Panel Controls).
  • Page 10: Operating Environment Considerations

    MS2K Highly repeatable measurements of the volume magnetic susceptibility of moderately smooth surfaces. The full range, specifications and functions of the sensors available for use with the MS2 meter are given in the product brochure. 4.3. Operating Environment Considerations The following environmental factors should be taken into account when using the MS2 system.
  • Page 11: Software

    Bartsoft is the most up to date software package and can be used to operate both the MS2 and MS3 meters. Multisoft is an older software package that is only compatible with the MS2 meter. The Geolabsoft software is intended for use only with the MS2 X/T Temperature Susceptibility System.
  • Page 12: Si And Cgs Units

    Numerical conversion from SI to CGS units is accomplished by dividing the SI value by 4π, i.e. c /4π. The MS2 meter performs this function internally but by using the constant 0.4π to keep the numbers in a similar range of magnitude.
  • Page 13: Ms2 Meter

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 5. MS2 Meter Figure 1a. MS2 meter, front panel. Key to Figure 1a 1. ‘Measure’ (‘M’) push button 2. Toggle switch 3. ‘Zero’ (‘Z’) push button 4. On/Off Switch 5. Range multiplier switch 6. Socket for coaxial cable connection to sensor 5.1.
  • Page 14: Ms2 Meter Rear Panel

    Batteries. 5.4. Connecting a Sensor Connect the sensor to be used to the front panel socket of the MS2 meter with the supplied 50Ω TNC-TNC cable, and switch on by selecting either SI or CGS units. Page 14 of 82...
  • Page 15: Taking Measurements

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 5.5. Taking Measurements Set the meter to the 1.0 range for the initial measurement of any sample, to establish the approximate result, before switching to the more sensitive 0.1 range. If the value of a sample is greater than 1000 then the most significant digit will not be seen if measured on the 0.1 range, leading to an apparent gross error in the result.
  • Page 16: Serial Interface

    For reasons of economy of battery drain, the interface is restricted to operate over a maximum cable length of 50 metres. An RS-232 connecting cable is provided with the MS2 for connection to a computer via a 9-way D-type connector. No hardware handshaking is provided.
  • Page 17: Internal Batteries

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 5.7. Internal Batteries The instrument is powered by internal maintenance-free rechargeable Ni-MH batteries. Recharging can be carried out from either a mains electricity supply or a vehicle power socket. WARNING: When using the mains power supply, ensure that you are using a mains adaptor that is correct for local AC mains voltage (110V or 240V).
  • Page 18: Figure 2. Replacing The Ms2 Battery

    3. Earth lead to earth point in the upper enclosure For MS2 meters purchased prior to 1st January 2006, scrape away the wax coating over the four slotted nuts in the base of the unit and undo the nuts with a 6mm wide split screwdriver.
  • Page 19: Figure 4. Double-Sided Insulation Foam

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS For units purchased after 1st January 2006, the holes are no longer filled with wax. A small Philips screwdriver must be used to release the enclosure halves. The top half of the enclosure can now be carefully lifted away from the unit.
  • Page 20: Data Transmission

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS For older units, it will be necessary to remove the two-way plug from the replacement battery, cutting each wire separately so as not to short the battery. Assemble the terminal block onto the battery wires, then reconnect being careful to connect black to black and red to red.
  • Page 21: Power Supply Accessories

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS MS2 serial interface cable for connection to PC MS2 4-Way Fischer 9-Way D-type connector Function Pin 2 Pin 2 MS2Tx Pin 3 Pin 3 MS2Rx Pin 1 Pin 5 COMMON Pin 4 and 6 RTS, CTS Pin 7 and 8 DSR, DTR 5.9.
  • Page 22: Ms2B Dual Frequency Sensor

    Key to Figure 5 1. Sample insertion mechanism & height adjustment screw 2. Sample cavity 3. Flat bladed adjuster tool 4. TNC connector for connection to MS2 meter 5. HF calibration screw 6. Operating frequency selector 7. Calibration check sample 6.1.
  • Page 23: Dual Frequency Measurements

    Before any measurements can be taken, the MS2B must be plugged into the connector on the front of the MS2 meter via a TNC-TNC cable and the MS2 should be turned on. Ensure that the sensor is not situated on or near any materials with high magnetic susceptibility or those that are electrically conductive.
  • Page 24 BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS For standard 10cc samples the calibration sample, stored in the top of the sensor, should be used as a reference to find the centre point. While taking continuous measurements of the calibration sample, adjust the nylon screw with the non-magnetic adjuster tool, also located in the top of the sensor, until a maximum value is obtained.
  • Page 25: Preparation Of Samples

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 6.5. Preparation of Samples Natural samples will never occur in such a form that the textbook value will be obtained. For example, the material of interest may be involved in a matrix of organic material of no interest, or be suspended in water.
  • Page 26: Mass And Volume Specific Measurements

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Note: When operated on the x0.1 range, the diamagnetic contribution (-ve sign) may become significant due to the material of the sample holder. This should be measured separately for an empty container, and the value subtracted from subsequent readings.
  • Page 27: Calibration Notes

    If the value obtained is less than 20 then the entire batch should be measured using the x0.1 measurement range on the MS2 meter. This is particularly important if the coefficient of frequency dependency is of interest.
  • Page 28: Ms2C Core Scanning Sensor

    7. MS2C Core Scanning Sensor Figure 6. MS2C core scanning sensor. Key fo Figure 6 1. TNC connector for connection to MS2 meter 7.1. General Description The MS2C sensor is a core sensor with a large aperture through which to feed the sample (See Figure 6).
  • Page 29: Operating Instructions

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 7.2. Operating Instructions Note: Select a suitable site away from any possible sources of electromagnetic interference. Note: Avoid situations where the sensor might be subject to large temperature fluctuations or direct heating by the sun’s rays. Switch on the instrument and allow ten minutes settling time before commencing measurements.
  • Page 30: Ms2E High Resolution Surface Scanning Sensor

    10mm depth, and also individually calibrated to compensate for temperature induced drift. The sensor connects directly to the MS2 meter via a TNC-TNC coaxial cable that can be up to 30 metres in length.
  • Page 31: Figure 8. Ms2E Response Characteristics

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS axis direction is marked on the circumference of the ceramic enclosure and the direction is also shown symbolically on the sensor label. The rectangular response permits two modes of operation. • With the long axis parallel to narrow strata, the maximum spatial sensitivity is obtained for detailed measurements.
  • Page 32: Figure 9. Ms2E Calibration Sample: Correct Orientation

    The sensor is calibrated to read true volume susceptibility where the sample is effectively infinitely large. The value c displayed on the MS2 on the x1 and CGS range is therefore equivalent to that which would be obtained for 1cc, and is therefore equal to c x 10 CGS.
  • Page 33: Operating Instructions

    8.3.1. Connecting Up Connect the MS2E sensor to the MS2 meter via the supplied TNC-TNC coaxial cable. Select the desired operating range on the MS2 meter. After a 10 minute warm-up time, the sensor will be ready to take measurements.
  • Page 34: Care Of Sensor

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Figure 10. Using a non-magnetic ruler with MS2E sensor. A non-magnetic (plastic) ruler (Figure 10) can be fixed or supported along the core to gauge the measurement interval, which might typically be 5cm. For closer measurement intervals, e.g.
  • Page 35: Ms2 Probe Handle For Use With Probes Type Ms2D And Ms2F

    6. Electronics module 9.1. General Description The MS2 probe handle is for use with the MS2D and MS2F field probes, it is not compatible with any other sensors. The handle provides the measurement electronics for the sensors, as well as giving extra reach to the user when taking measurements.
  • Page 36: Ms2D Probe

    The field survey MS2D is a circular sensor, with a large effective measuring volume. It is intended for use on flat surfaces where pinpoint accuracy is not required. It is used with the MS2 probe handle and will not function without it.
  • Page 37: Calibration Notes

    3. Sensing area 11.1 General Description The MS2F probe is the second probe that is used with the MS2 probe handle. It is a point sensor, with a much smaller effective volume than the MS2D, allowing more accurate measurements over rougher surfaces. It is light and small enough to penetrate surface vegetation, or to allow...
  • Page 38: Operating Instructions

    It can be used either with the upper section of the MS2 probe handle alone (the cable can be retracted and coiled up at the top of the handle) or with the extension tube for ground level use.
  • Page 39: Ms2G Single Frequency Sensor

    Connection to the MS2 meter is via the standard TNC-TNC coaxial cable. Samples are inserted into the top of the cavity. An adjustable mechanical stop can be set to centralise the sample material within the measurement zone.
  • Page 40: Setting Up

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 12.2. Setting Up Choose an operating site well away from sources of electrical and radio interference. The site should also be free from magnetic materials and large non-magnetic sheets of electrically conductive material, e.g. aluminium bench tops. Note: A reasonably stable room temperature is desirable.
  • Page 41: Taking Measurements

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 0.2145 1.295 0.231 1.26 0.247 1.214 0.264 1.185 11.0 0.33 1.098 16.0 1.032 21.0 0.66 1.015 Full Multiply measured value by the correction factor. 12.5. Taking Measurements Allow circa 5 minutes settling time before taking measurements to allow the sensor to warm up.
  • Page 42: Ms2H Down-Hole Probe

    The probe and tube have threaded couplings with waterproof seals. The sensor electronics are integrated into the probe head, which is directly connected to the MS2 meter. The connecting cable is routed through the hollow extension tubes. The sensor is supplied with cables as described in the product brochure.
  • Page 43: Ms2H Equipment List

    4. If not already fitted, feed the cable through the threaded end of the rubber boot, and screw the boot into the extension tube. 5. Connect the cable to the MS2 meter and switch on. 13.3.2. Assembly for Deep Holes If the hole under investigation is deeper than ~1m then additional extension tubes should be added at step (3).
  • Page 44 13.3.3.3. Using Multisus Software Multisus software for a Windows PC simplifies use of the MS2H probe by automatically logging data from the MS2 meter and correcting readings for temperature drift. The software is provided with the meter. Note: Multisus v2.4 is needed or later for full support of the MS2H down-hole probe.
  • Page 45 It is possible to use the probe and meter without a PC, but all readings must be made and zero drift corrections applied by hand, as there is no logging facility within the MS2 meter. The procedure is as follows.
  • Page 46: Checking Calibration

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 5. Insert the probe into the hole so that the lowest (sensing) graduation mark is at ground level (i.e. depth = 0mm) and press 'M' to perform a reading. Hold the probe steady until the meter beeps to indicate that the reading has been taken. Record the reading against ‘depth = 0’ on your results table.
  • Page 47: Scaling Factors

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 13.5. Scaling Factors The sensor is calibrated to display volume magnetic susceptibility (c ) for a 22mm hole. For larger hole diameters, the displayed value will be lower than true c . An approximate value of c can be obtained by multiplying the displayed reading by the scale factor in Table 4.
  • Page 48: General Description

    The isotropic 25mm diameter response pattern gives good surface integration without sacrificing resolution, as shown in Figure 18. The sensor connects to the MS2 meter via the supplied TNC-TNC 1 metre length co-axial cable. Measurements are accomplished to 1 x 10 CGS in one second on the x1.0 range on the MS2...
  • Page 49: Operating Instructions

    14.3. Operating Instructions 14.3.1. Connecting Up Connect the MS2K sensor to the MS2 meter via the supplied TNC-TNC coaxial cable. Select the desired operating range on the MS2 meter and, after a few minutes warm-up time, the sensor will be ready to take measurements.
  • Page 50 BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 14.3.2. Taking Measurements The sensor should be allowed to acclimatise before taking measurements. Prior to use, always measure the calibration sample to ensure that the sensor is working correctly. The sensor is zeroed to ‘air’ by raising the sensor about 20mm above the measurement surface and pressing the 'Z' button.
  • Page 51: Ms2/Ms3 Susceptibility/Temperature System

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 15. MS2/MS3 Susceptibility/Temperature System The measurement capability of the MS2/MS3 system can be extended to include the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of materials as a function of temperature. There are five additional items required for this. 1. Water-jacketed sensor type MS2W: Magnetic susceptibility sensor, with special cooling and temperature compensation.
  • Page 52: Ms2W Water Jacketed Sensor

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 16. MS2W Water Jacketed Sensor Figure 19. MS2W water jacketed sensor. Key to Figure 19 1. TNC axial cable connector 2. Water in 3. Water out 4. Sample cavity The MS2W has a 30mm internal diameter sample cavity. The highly stable sensing coil and the...
  • Page 53: Calibration Note

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS will also be damaged if the water flow is interrupted when the furnace is operating inside the sensor. A flow indicator is provided to be fitted in the water outlet from the sensor. WARNING: If low temperature measurements are made as suggested using liquid nitrogen, the operator must take the necessary precautions involved with using liquid nitrogen.
  • Page 54: Operation

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Key to Figure 20 1. Crucible (silica tube containing heating element) 2. Thermocouple 3. Thermocouple selector switch 4. Digital multimeter (buttons have no function) 5. Retort stand to hold MS2W sensor This furnace has been specially designed for use with the water-jacketed MS2W probe to...
  • Page 55: Construction

    Bartington Instruments is unable to advise on this latter mode of operation. The MS2WF furnace and MS2WFP power supply are connected via an 8-way cable for the transmission of data and power.
  • Page 56: Maintenance Of Ms2Wf Furnace

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Note: The type ‘T’ thermocouple is for low temperature measurements and is not recommended for use in conjunction with the furnace. 18. Maintenance of MS2WF Furnace To maintain good magnetic hygiene and efficient heating, the plugs at the top and bottom of the furnace should be replaced when they appear to become fragile or dirty.
  • Page 57: Thermocouple Installation

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Caution: Do not use sharp objects as they may damage the heating element or the furnace tube. 2. Rewind the insulation from a strip of the fabric provided, 500mm x 60mm. It is necessary to burn off the binding material from the silica fabric. To do this, retain the fabric in place with...
  • Page 58: Ms2Wfp Power Supply/Temperature Controller

    The ramp rates can be controlled manually. 2. Routing data transmissions. Serial interface connection between the user’s computer, the MS2/MS3 meter and the digital thermometer is via this power supply unit. Page 58 of 82...
  • Page 59: Internal Power Distribution

    19.3. RS-232 Buffer With a computer, MS2 meter and MS2WF connected to the appropriate connectors, the RS-232 serial data between the computer, the MS2 meter and the MS2WF digital panel meter are routed through the MS2WFP. The computer transmits characters 'Z' and 'M' which are recognised by the MS2 meter, causing a zero and measure operation respectively.
  • Page 60: Data Format

    20. Operating Instructions for Susceptibility/Temperature System Figure 22. Susceptibility/temperature system. Key to Figure 22 1. MS2WFP 7. MS2WF furnace 2. AC line 240/110V 8. MS2 meter 3. Water pump 9. Computer 4. Sample 10. GeoLab software 5. MS2W 11. Cables 6.
  • Page 61: Setting Up The Equipment

    Plug in the mains supply. Connect the silver shielded cable to the MS2WF, the RS232 connections to the computer and MS2/3, and the power connections to the water pump and flow meter. The connections on the MS2WFP are shown in Figure 24 below.
  • Page 62: Figure 25. Ms2Wfp Outline Drawing And Mains Voltage Selection

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 20.1.1. Mains Voltage Selection All signal lines down this side All power lines down this side Figure 25. MS2WFP outline drawing and mains voltage selection. Key to Figure 25 1. PC11 6. Ammeter 2. Heatsink 7. Capacitor C2 3.
  • Page 63: Figure 26. Ms2Wfp Mains Voltage Selector Switch

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Figure 26. MS2WFP Mains voltage selector Switch. 20.1.2. Water Supply Connection The closed water cooling system supplied with a reservoir and pump should normally be used. However, in an emergency, the water supply can be derived from the relatively cool sub-surface mains supply.
  • Page 64: Figure 28. Water Cooling System For Susceptibility/Temperature System

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Figure 28. Water cooling system for susceptibility/temperature system Key to Figure 28 1. Reservoir 6. Power supply to water pump 2. Power supply to liquid flow sensor 7. PVC tubing 3. Direction of flow from upper nipple on 8.
  • Page 65: Connection To A Computer (Geolab For Windows Software)

    1200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 2 stop bits. This is achieved by setting the three-way switch on the rear panel of the MS2 meter to position B. The temperature meter is pre-set to this protocol. For further information see the GeoLab operation manual.
  • Page 66: Sensor Orientation

    Note: Allow the system to stabilise for 30 minutes with the MS2 meter running and water flowing through the sensor for optimum low drift performance.
  • Page 67: Sample Insertion

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 20.4 Sample Insertion For sample preparation see Preparation of Samples. The tweezers supplied with the equipment should be used to pick up and move the crucible containing the sample to be measured. It can then be carefully placed it into the furnace, as shown in Figure 31.
  • Page 68: Figure 33. Thermocouple Selection Switch

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Note: Always begin with the dial set to Z, the SET/RAMP/RESET switch set to RESET, and the UP/HOLD/DOWN switch set to HOLD. Figure 33. MS2WF Thermocouple Selection Switch Figure 34. MS2WFP Control Panel Switch on the MS2WFP power supply and the water pump, and check for leaks and water flow.
  • Page 69: Thermal Gradients

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Note: After resetting, the ramp begins from a temperature of 0°C. There will be a considerable delay before the ramp reaches the temperature of the sample and current starts to flow in the windings of the furnace to keep the furnace temperature at the level of the ramp.
  • Page 70: Low Temperature Measurements

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 20.7. Low Temperature Measurements These will usually be performed using the larger sample size and without the furnace. The T thermocouple can be connected just above the toggle switch on the MS2WF furnace, shown in Figure 35, and is used for low temperature measurements.
  • Page 71: Troubleshooting

    1. Power save. If the PC is a laptop, turn off all power-saving features as they may cause the interface to close while waiting for a reading from the MS2 meter. There may be power save features in the PC and in Windows.
  • Page 72: Storage And Transport

    Receive Buffer and Transmit Buffer to Low (1). 4. MS2 Meter Settings. Check the rotary switch on the rear panel of the MS2 meter. This switch controls the serial baud rate and format of the data. Using a screwdriver, the switch should be set as follows: • for operation with Multisus2 or Bartsoft, set to position A...
  • Page 73: Disposal

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Refer to the product brochure for this product’s maximum environmental, electrical and mechanical ratings. Caution: Exceeding the maximum environmental ratings may cause irreparable damage to the equipment. 23. Disposal This product should not be disposed of in domestic or municipal waste. For information about disposing of this product safely, check local regulations for disposal of electrical / electronic products.
  • Page 74: Appendix 1. Magnetic Susceptibility Of Common Rocks

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Appendix 1. Magnetic Susceptibility of Common Rocks Timenites Hematites Magnetite Limonites Iron carbonates Serpentines Basalts Gabbros Granites Metamorphics Sediments .002 Susceptibility (CGS units) Figure A1.1. Magnetic susceptibility of common rocks Page 74 of 82 OM0408/49...
  • Page 75: Appendix 2. Calibration Graphs For Ms2C Sensor

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Appendix 2. Calibration Graphs for MS2C Sensor LIMIT OF C162 LIMIT OF C36 POOR RESOLUTION OVER THIS RANGE Figure A2.1. Relative response to varying core diameter within MS2C sensor. In Figure A2.1, d = core diameter and D = MS2C aperture + 8mm. The figure shows the variation...
  • Page 76: Figure A2.2. Thin Section Response Of Ms2C Sensor

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS K REL Figure A2.2. Thin section response of MS2C sensor. Figure A2.2 shows the relative (arbitrary units) response in the measured value to the horizontal displacement L of a thin discoidal section of stratum diameter d = 0.85D.
  • Page 77: Appendix 3. Anisotropy Of Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements (Ams)

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Appendix 3. Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements (AMS) For accurate measurements of AMS it is necessary to use the MS2B sensor in conjunction with the AMS adapter and AMSWIN-BAR software. These are not supplied as standard with the MS2B, but can be purchased separately.
  • Page 78 BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS 2. Replace the tall sample platen with the short one, and secure it in position by replacing and tightening the retaining screw. Figure A3.1e-f. Changing the MS2B platen. 3. Refer to Appendix 4 to re-adjust the Platen height in order to centre the sample within the aperture.
  • Page 79: Appendix 4. Adjusting Ms2B The Platen Height

    The platen height must be adjusted to centralise the sample within the sensor. 1. Remove the cap covering the adjustment screw and the miniature screwdriver. 2. Connect the MS2 meter to the MS2B, switch ON and perform a zero. Figure A3.1g-h. Changing the MS2B platen.
  • Page 80: Appendix 5. Calculating Magnetic Susceptibility

    = µ - µ … (2) The MS2/3 magnetic susceptibility system relies on the principle that any changes in the permeability of a core will cause a change to the inductance of a wound inductor. The sensors operate on the principle of AC induction. Power is supplied to the oscillator circuit within the sensor, generating a low intensity alternating magnetic field.
  • Page 81: Notes

    BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS Notes Page 81 of 82 OM0408/49...
  • Page 82 The copyright of this document is the property of Bartington Instruments Ltd. Bartington® is a registered trade mark of Bartington Instruments Limited in the following countries: United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union, India, Japan, Norway and the...

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