Risk Relating To Gas Bottles; Risk Relating To Liquid Argon Gas Containers; Chemical Risk; Laser Safety - 3D Systems ProX DMP320 User Manual

RISK RELATING TO GAS BOTTLES

Whenever necessary, compressed gas bottles are to be stored outside the buildings in an enclosed and ventilated shelter . The bottles
must be placed vertically in the racks attached to the walls .
Any gas bottles that cannot be attached and that have to be used close to the equipment, must be placed on a suitable support that
makes it impossible for them to tip over .
Remember that there is a risk of asphyxia in small, poorly ventilated, rooms .
Furthermore, an excess-flow shut-off valve must be fitted to the regulator output, upstream of the gas pipe. This valve starts to operate
when the flow exceeds flow value under normal operation conditions with approximately 10% .

RISK RELATING TO LIQUID ARGON GAS CONTAINERS

Ensure that the complete gas system is regularly checked for leaks before use . Containers should be stored in a vertical position and
properly secured to prevent them from falling over . Containers should be stored in a well ventilated environment that will not encourage
corrosion . In case of frostbite spray with water for at least 15 minutes . Apply a sterile dressing . Obtain medical assistance .

CHEMICAL RISK

These risks can have several sources:
Laser – material interaction: in this case, the emission, to a greater or lesser extent, is caused by the vaporization and decomposition of
materials during a laser procedure (emission of fumes, aerosols and dust, some of which may be carcinogenic),
Use of gas to control the building atmosphere . Argon Ar – inert gas: anoxia .

LASER SAFETY

The DMP system contains an IPG fiber laser. The laser itself is designated Class IV. Very brief exposure to a direct—or specularly or
diffusely reflected—laser beam can cause significant burns or eye damage. It can also be a fire hazard.
During normal operations of the DMP system, the laser beam path is wholly contained within the machine . This makes the entire
machine a Class I Laser System . That means the DMP system does not produce damaging emissions under normal operations .

LASER SAFETY CLASSIFICATIONS

Class I and Class IV are designations established by the U . S . Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food
and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and by IEC 60825 (the International Electrotechnical
Commission's Radiation Safety of Laser Products, Equipment Classification Requirements, and User's Guide) . The Class I and Class
IV laser designations also comply with DIN VDE 0837/02.86+A1/07.90. You can read more about laser safety and classifications in
ANSI Z136 .1-1993 (the American National Standards Institute standard for the safe use of lasers) .

BIOLOGICAL RISK

The main risk is to the eyes . The laser beam presents a danger in two ways:
Direct radiation, where the eyes are in the beam axis .
Do not look directly into laser during power burn .
Reflected radiation, where the beam hits a surface that does not fully absorb it, results in partial reflection of the emitted beam.
Specular reflections (due to reflective objects) present exactly the same risk as direct radiation, as not only are they insidious, but they
also contain up to 90% or more of the initial energy content .
Effects due to laser radiation depend on the wavelength; in the near infrared range (700 to 1400 nm), the cornea and lens are highly
transparent to laser radiation, which thus reaches the retina. If the eye receives a significant energy density, the laser beam may cause
small, irreversible lesions with extremely variable consequences depending on the location of the affected area . This can result in the
formation of a hole in the retina with no adverse effect on vision, or in a blind area (or black spot) due to damage to the macula or even
in almost total loss of vision when the fovea is affected .
The laser safety window conforms to standard CE EN207 allowing operators to observe interaction of laser and material while avoiding
the risk of burns and loss of visual acuity .
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