Panasonic DX-2000 Service Manual page 297

10.1.2 Protocol
One reason for the popularity of TCP/IP is that no one vendor owns it, unlike the IPX/SPX, DNA, SNA or Apple Talk protocol suites,
all of which are controlled by specific companies. TCP/IP evolved in response to input from a wide variety of inductry sources.
Consequently, it is the most open of the protocol suites and is supported by the widest variety of vendors. One huge advantage of
using TCP/IP is that, it is required for communication over the Internet, thus the Internet can be used as a communication
backbone.
TCP/IP was originally designed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency) in 1969 for the UNIX operating system. In
early 1980, UNIX 4.2 BSD version was released. For more detailed information, an RFC (Request for Comment) document is
available from the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) on the Internet at http://www.ietf.org/.
The Internet protocols do no map cleanly to the OSI reference model. The model for the Internet protocol suite has four layers.
From the illustration below, you can see the approximate relationship of the layers.
Layer OSI Reference Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
10.1.3 Cable
For the network transmission media at the Physical layer on the OSI reference model, there are several cable categories available.
Category 5, 8 wire Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is commonly used. Shielded Twisted Pair cables are also available. The
Impedance for the STP / UTP Ethernet cable is 100 Ω. Category 3 is also used for the 10Base-T Ethernet.
TCP/IP Base
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Interface Corresponds to the bottom two layers of the OSI
Comparison of the TCP/IP layers to the OSI model
Category
1 Voice grade telephone line
2 ISDN
3 10Base-T Token Ring (4M)
4 Token Ring (16M)
5 100Base-TX, ATM (155M)
This layer embraces functions of the OSI
Session, Presentation and Application layers.
Protocols at this layer provide network services.
Compares to OSI Transport layer. Enables peer
communication between hosts on the internetwork.
Corresponds roughly to the OSI Network layer.
Protocols move data between devices on networks.
model. This correspondence enables the TCP/IP
protocols to coexist with existing Data Link and
Physical layer standards.
This layer is concerned with all aspects of
transmitting and receiving data on the network.
Purpose
324
Function