Engine Cooling System; Drive Belt System; Ignition System; Fuel System - Ford LRG-423 Service Manual

02-8
Engine Service, 2.3L 02-8
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
Engine Cooling System
The 23L engine is liquid cooled using an engine
mounted water pump (8501) and external radiator.
This is a full flow system regulated by a water
thermostat (8575) located behind the water outlet
connection (8595). The thermostat controls and
maintains engine temperature.
Typical coolant flow produced by the centrifugal water
pump is through the engine block
(6010)
and then into
the cylinder head (6049). From the cylinder head it
flows through the thermostat and water outlet
connection into the upper radiator hose and down
through the radiator for cooling. A passage from the
water outlet connection through a heater/by-pass hose
allows coolant to flow to the intake manifold which
provides heat for fuel atomization. It then flows
through another heater/by-pass hose assembly to the
inlet side of the water pump.
Drive Belt System
Engine accessories, such as the generator (10300)
and water pump (8501), are driven by a single poly-V
belt. A direct drive fan is attached to the water pump
pulley which is driven by the poly-V belt when the
engine is running.
Ignition System
The ignition used on the 2.3L engine is an Electronic
Distributorless Ignition System (EDIS). A crankshaft
position (CKP) sensor and vacuum port on the intake
manifold ( provide the necessary information to an
ignition module (12A297). The module determines
when to fire the ignition coil mounted on the generator
bracket, based on the two sensors. Standard
distributorless ignition coil, wires and spark plugs are
used to ignite the fuel in the cylinders.
Fuel System
The fuel system includes a REMOTE-MOUNTED
electric fuel pump (9350). The pump regulates and
maintains fuel flow, through an in-line fuel filter (9155)
to the carburetor mounted on the intake manifold.
Depending on engine application, either a Holley or
Zenith model carburetor (9510) can be used to provide
the necessary fuel for combustion.
Engine Governing System
Mechanical Governor
Mechanical, belt driven, flyweight type governors are
used on the 2.3L engine. Constant speed and variable
speed governors can be used depending on
application. The governor (12450) is attached to the
carburetor by a linkage system. The governor, through
the linkage, limits carburetor throttle plate opening.
This provides regulation and control of engine rpm
during operating engine loads.
The governor is attached to a bracket bolted to the
lower left front of the engine block and is slotted for
belt adjustment. A single V-type belt and pulley are
used to operate the governor.
Electronic Governor
The electronic governor consists of three main
components:
l
Controller
l
Actuator
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Carburetor with special throttle shaft and mounting
pad for the actuator
The controller is connected to the actuator by a wire
harness. The controller receives two input signals:
l
Engine speed is sensed from the EDIS (Electronic
Distributorless Ignition System)
l
Using a remote-mounted speed select switch, up to
four engine operating speeds can be selected.
There is one output from the controller:
l
The controller sends a modulated signal to the
actuator at the carburetor. The actuator in turn
controls the throttle shaft, which determines throttle
plate position. Signal strength is varied, by the
controller, depending on the input values.
Fail-safe
The electronic governor has an internal FAIL-SAFE
circuit that instantly reacts to:
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Interruption of power to the controller which
removes power to the actuator. A return spring in
the actuator moves the throttle shaft to minimum
fuel position.
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Loss of speed signal input which causes the
controller to remove power to the actuator. A return
spring in the actuator moves the throttle shaft to
minimum fuel position.
Velocity Governor
The velocity governor is an engine speed limiting type,
and operates by metering the air/fuel mixture flow from
the carburetor. The governor is installed between the
carburetor and the intake manifold. It contains a disc
valve mounted on a shaft which is similar in
appearance to a carburetor butterfly valve. However,
unlike a butterfly valve, the governor shaft is mounted
off center in the governor bore.
As engine speed increases, the velocity of the air/fuel
mixture passing across the disc valve increases. Since
the governor shaft is mounted off center, the force of
the flowing air/fuel mixture attempts to close the disc
valve, therefore restricting the flow and slowing the
engine. The force of the flowing air/fuel mixture
attempting to close the valve is opposed by a spring.
The force of the spring therefore establishes maximum
engine speed.