Korg Kronos Operation Manual page 130

Sampling (Open Sampling System)
WAVE files can also be used in audio tracks of the
sequencer, or used to create an audio CD. For more
information, see "Audio recording" on page 89, and
"Creating and playing audio CDs" on page 195.
Do not turn off the power for at least 10 seconds
after sampling to disk. This allows the system time
to complete the process.
24-bit sampling to disk
When sampling to disk, you can choose either 16‐bit or
24‐bit resolution. Both 16‐ and 24‐bit WAVE files can be
used directly in Sequencer mode audio tracks. When
loaded as RAM samples, 24‐bit WAVE files are
automatically converted to 16‐bit resolution.
Sampling in Sampling mode
In Sampling mode, you can sample analog audio from
connected microphones or line inputs, or digital audio
from S/P DIF or USB. If you like, you can also sample
through the KRONOS effects.
You can even sample directly from audio CDs in an
external USB CD‐R/RW.
Samples can be processed through effects and
internally sampled again ("resampled"). You can use
either "Auto" mode which automatically applies the
specified effect processing to the selected sample, or
"Manual" mode which lets you play the sample
manually with effects applied and resample your
performance.
Program, Combination, Sequencer
modes
In Program, Combination, and Sequencer modes, you
can resample a complete live performance including
filters, effects, KARMA, and even sequencer playback.
You can also sample external audio sources, mix the
KRONOS sounds with the external audio and sample
the combined result, or even monitor the performance
of the KRONOS while sampling only the external
source.
In-Track Sampling in Sequencer mode
In Sequencer mode, you can sample while playing
along with a Song, and automatically create note data
to trigger the new samples at the appropriate moment
in the Song. You can then manipulate these samples
using the synthesis abilities of the HD‐1, for creative
alternatives to HDR. This is called "In‐Track
Sampling."
Sampling frequency and bit resolution
As shown in the diagram, sampling reads the level of
the analog signal at fixed intervals along the time axis,
and stores the levels in memory as digital data.
The time between these intervals is called the
"sampling frequency." 48 kHz (kilo Hertz) means that
sampling is performed 48,000 times each second, so
that the intervals are 1/48,000 of a second apart—
approximately 0.02083 ms (milliseconds).
124
The higher the sampling frequency, the closer to the
original analog signal the waveform in memory will
be.
Each level is read and converted into digital data. The
accuracy of the level measurement is determined by
the bit resolution. This process converts an analog
signal with infinite resolution into a digital signal with
finite resolution. With 16 bit resolution, each level is
indicated in 65,536 steps (the sixteenth power of two).
The greater the bit resolution, the closer to the original
analog signal the waveform in memory will be.
48 kHz 16 bit sampling is the same quality as in audio
devices such as DATs. CDs use 44.1 kHz 16 bit
sampling, which is a slightly lower sampling
frequency.
Level
Analog waveform
48 kHz
Level
= 48,000 times every second
= 0.0208 mS cycle
Sampled digital
waveform
Samples and Multisamples
Samples
The data that is recorded (sampled) into internal
memory or loaded from a file is referred to as a sample
or sample file. Samples consist of the actual waveform
data, and parameters that specify how the data will be
played back, such as Start, Loop Start, and End
Address. Samples can be used in multisamples and
drum kits.
Sampling Mode supports a maximum of 16,000
Samples at once. Samples in EXs and User Banks do
not count towards this maximum.
The KRONOS can share a single waveform among
multiple samples. This allows you to create multiple
samples with different playback addresses from the
same waveform without wasting internal memory. For
example, suppose that you have waveform data that
records a voice saying "One‐Two‐Three." This single
piece of waveform data could be shared by three
samples, with the playback of sample A producing
"One‐Two‐Three," sample B producing "One‐Two,"
and sample C producing "Two‐Three."
For more information, see "Copy" on page 735 of the
Parameter Guide.
Multisamples
Multisamples lay out one or more Samples across the
keyboard. For instance, a very simple guitar
Multisample might have six Samples–one for each
string.
Time
16 bit
= 65,536 levels
Time
of data