Table of Contents

Advertisement

SERVICE STATION MANUAL
639189
Runner RST 50 SP

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Summary of Contents for Gilera Runner RST 50 SP

  • Page 1 SERVICE STATION MANUAL 639189 Runner RST 50 SP...
  • Page 2 The descriptions and illustrations given in this publication are not binding. While the basic specifications as described and illustrated in this manual remain unchanged, PIAGGIO-GILERA reserves the right, at any time and without being required to update this publication beforehand, to make any changes to components, parts or accessories, which it considers necessary to improve the product or which are required for manufacturing or construction reasons.
  • Page 3 This workshop manual has been drawn up by Piaggio & C. Spa to be used by the workshops of Piaggio- Gilera dealers. This manual is addressed to Piaggio service mechanics who are supposed to have a basic knowledge of mechanics principles and of vehicle fixing techniques and procedures. Any important changes made to the vehicles or to specific repair operations will be promptly reported by updates to this manual.
  • Page 5 INDEX OF TOPICS CHAR HARACTERISTICS TOOL OOLING MAIN AINTENANCE TROUBL ROUBLESHOOTING ELE SYS LECTRICAL SYSTEM ENG VE NGINE FROM VEHICLE NGINE SUSP USPENSIONS BRAK SYS RAKING SYSTEM COOL SYS OOLING SYSTEM CHAS HASSIS PRE DE DELIVERY TIME...
  • Page 6 INDEX OF TOPICS CHAR HARACTERISTICS...
  • Page 7: Safety Rules

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics This section describes the general specifications of the vehicle. Rules This section describes general safety rules for any maintenance operations performed on the vehicle. Safety rules - If work can only be done on the vehicle with the engine running, make sure that the premises are well- ventilated, using special extractors if necessary;...
  • Page 8: Vehicle Identification

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Vehicle identification Frame prefix: ZAPC46100 Engine prefix: M461M Dimensions and mass DIMENSIONS Specification Desc./Quantity Total weight when empty and ready for road 103 kg (95 kg dry) Length 1840 mm Width 750 mm Wheelbase 1270 mm...
  • Page 9: Electrical System

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Transmission TRANSMISSION Specification Desc./Quantity Transmission With automatic expandable pulley variator, torque server, V belt, automatic clutch, gear reduction unit. Capacities CAPACITY Specification Desc./Quantity Gas tank In plastic, 7 lt. capacity (approximate value) including the ~ 1.7 l.
  • Page 10: Wheels And Tyres

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Wheels and tyres WHEELS AND TIRES Specification Desc./Quantity Front wheel rim In diecast aluminium alloy - 3.00x14" Rear wheel rim In diecast aluminium alloy - 3.50x13" Front tire 120/70 - 14'' 55L Tubeless Rear tire...
  • Page 11: Tightening Torques

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Specification Desc./Quantity Minimum nozzle: Minimum air nozzle (on the body): Free Secondary minimum air hole Ø 2.5 Initial minimum mix screw opening: 1 1/2 Starter jet Starter air nozzle (on the body): Ø 1.5 Stroke of starter pin:...
  • Page 12: Front Brake

    Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics FRONT BRAKE Name Torque in Nm Brake fluid pump - hose fitting 13 to 18 Nm Brake fluid pipe-calliper fitting 20 ÷ 25 Support calliper tightening screw* 20 ÷ 25 Front disc tightening screw* 12 ÷ 15...
  • Page 13 Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Cylinder - piston assy. CYLINDER-PISTON FITTING Name Initials Cylinder Piston Play on fitting Standard fitting 39.997-40.004 39.943-39.95 0.047-0.061 Standard fitting 40.004-40.011 39.95-39.957 0.047-0.061 Standard fitting 40.011-40.018 39.957-39.964 0.047-0.061 Standard fitting 40.018-40.025 39.964-39.971 0.047-0.061 1st oversize fitting 40.197-40.204...
  • Page 14 Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Crankcase - crankshaft - connecting rod PISTON - TEST PROBE Name Descripti Dimensio Initials Quantity Piston Ø 12 0.002 ÷ +0.007 0.011 +0.012 Test probe Ø 12 0.002 ÷ +0.005 0.011 +0.001 ROD SMALL END - ROLLER CASING -...
  • Page 15 Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Name Description Dimensions Initials Quantity Spacer tool 40.64 0.25 ÷ 0.50 Casing 11.8 0 -0.35 0.20 ÷ 0.75 Shoulder washer 0.5 ±0.03 0.20 ÷ 0.75 Semi-shaft, trans. side 13.75 +0.04 0 0.20 ÷ 0.75 Semi-shaft, flywheel 13.75 +0.04 0...
  • Page 16 Runner RST 50 SP Characteristics Products TABLE OF RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS Product Description Specifications AGIP ROTRA 80W-90 Rear hub oil SAE 80W/90 Oil that exceeds the re- quirements of API GL3 specifications AGIP CITY HI TEC 4T Oil for flexible transmission lubrication...
  • Page 17 INDEX OF TOPICS TOOL OOLING...
  • Page 18 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling TOOLING Stores code Description 001330Y Tool for fitting steering seats 001467Y006 Pliers to extract 20 mm bearings 001467Y007 Driver for OD 54 mm bearing 001467Y009 Driver for OD 42-mm bearings 001467Y013 Pliers to extract ø 15-mm bearings 001467Y014 Pliers to extract ø...
  • Page 19 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 001467Y017 Bell for bearings, OD 39 mm 001467Y021 Extraction pliers for ø 11 mm bearings 002465Y Pliers for circlips 006029Y Punch for fitting fifth wheel seat on steer- ing tube 020004Y Punch for removing fifth wheels from...
  • Page 20 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020055Y Wrench for steering tube ring nut 020074Y Support base for checking crankshaft alignment 020150Y Air heater support 020151Y Air heater 020162Y Flywheel extractor 020163Y Crankcase splitting plate TOOL - 20...
  • Page 21 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020164Y Driven pulley assembly sheath 020165Y Start-up crown lock 020166Y Pin lock fitting tool 020167Y Arrest key for impeller pump 020168Y Water seal punch mount on half-crank- case 020169Y Water pump crankshaft fitting and remov-...
  • Page 22 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020170Y Water pump/mixer command gear ex- tractor 020261Y Starter spring fitting 020262Y Crankcase splitting strip 020265Y Bearing fitting base 020325Y Brake-shoe spring calliper 020329Y MityVac vacuum-operated pump TOOL - 22...
  • Page 23 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020330Y Stroboscopic light to check timing 020331Y Digital multimeter 020332Y Digital rev counter 020334Y Multiple battery charger TOOL - 23...
  • Page 24 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020335Y Magnetic support for dial gauge 020350Y Electrical system check instrument 020357Y 32 x 35 mm adaptor 020359Y 42x47-mm adaptor 020376Y Adaptor handle 020412Y 15 mm guide TOOL - 24...
  • Page 25 Runner RST 50 SP Tooling Stores code Description 020456Y Ø 24 mm adaptor 020483Y 30 mm guide 020565Y Flywheel lock calliper spanner 020625Y Kit for sampling gas from the exhaust manifold 494929Y Exhaust fumes analyser TOOL - 25...
  • Page 26 INDEX OF TOPICS MAIN AINTENANCE...
  • Page 27: Maintenance Chart

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Maintenance chart EVERY 2 YEARS Action Brake fluid - change Coolant - change AT 1000 KM OR 4 MONTHS Action Hub oil - change Oil mixer/throttle linkage - adjustment Steering - adjustment Brake control levers - greasing...
  • Page 28 Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance AT 15000 KM AND 45000 KM Action Hub oil level - check Spark plug/electrode gap - replacement Air filter - cleaning Oil mixer/throttle linkage - adjustment Driving belt - replacement Coolant level - check Brake control levers - greasing...
  • Page 29: Checking The Spark Advance

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Action Safety locks - check Suspensions - check Electrical system and battery - check Headlight - adjustment Tyre pressure and wear - check SAS box (sponge) (**) - cleaning Vehicle and brake test - road test (**) See the regulations of the "Secondary air system"...
  • Page 30: Spark Plug

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Spark plug - Remove one of the two side panels of the foot- board, unscrewing the four studs, one of which is under the passenger footboard; - Disconnect the cap of the H.V. coil of the spark plug;...
  • Page 31 Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Check To check the level of oil in the hub, proceed as follows: 1. Bring the vehicle to a flat surface and place it on the stand; 2. Remove the dipstick "A" dry it on a clean cloth, the reinsert it, screwing it in all the way;...
  • Page 32: Air Filter

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Replacement -Remove the oil cap «A». - Unscrew the oil cap «B» and drain out all the oil. - Screw the cap back on and fill up the hub with the required oil. Characteristic Rear hub oil Quantity: approx.
  • Page 33 Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance transmissions During this phase, the engine must be powered with a 2% blend (at least 0.5 litres if the tank is empty). Remove the crankcase of the carburettor cover. Start the vehicle and adjust the idle using the ad- justment screw A on the carburettor.
  • Page 34: Cooling System

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Cooling system Level check - Remove the front grille - Check that the coolant level is between the min and max reference marks. Top up with recommended coolant, if necessary. Recommended products AGIP PERMANENT PLUS Coolant...
  • Page 35 Under normal climatic conditions, the liquid should be replaced every two years. This operation must be carried out by trained technicians, please con- tact an Authorised Piaggio-Gilera Service Cen- CAUTION TOP UPS SHOULD ONLY BE CARRIED OUT WITH DOT 4 CLASSIFIED BRAKE FLUID.
  • Page 36: Headlight Adjustment

    Runner RST 50 SP Maintenance Headlight adjustment Proceed as follows: 1. Place the vehicle in running order and with the tyres inflated to the prescribed pressure, on a flat surface 10 m away from a white screen situated in a shaded area, making sure that the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is perpendicular to the screen;...
  • Page 37 INDEX OF TOPICS TROUBL ROUBLESHOOTING...
  • Page 38: Rear Wheel Spins At Idle

    Runner RST 50 SP Troubleshooting This section makes it possible to find the solutions to use in troubleshooting. For each breakdown, a list of the possible causes and respective interventions is given. Engine Poor performance POOR PERFORMANCE Possible Cause Operation...
  • Page 39 Runner RST 50 SP Troubleshooting Possible Cause Operation Bear in mind that many problems engines have, derive from the use of the wrong spark plug Intake joint cracked or with a bad seal Replace the intake joint and check its tightness on the crank-...
  • Page 40: Engine Overheating

    Runner RST 50 SP Troubleshooting Possible Cause Operation Starter inefficient Check: electric wiring, circuit continuity, mechanical sliding and power supply Engine overheating ENGINE OVERHEATING Possible Cause Operation Lack of liquid in the cooling circuit. Restore the level and check the absence of losses from the...
  • Page 41: Rear Wheel

    Runner RST 50 SP Troubleshooting Possible Cause Operation no air in the circuits; if necessary, bleed the air. Check that the front brake calliper moves in axis with the disc. Fluid leakage in hydraulic braking system Failing elastic fittings, plunger or brake pump seals, replace...
  • Page 42: Noisy Suspension

    Runner RST 50 SP Troubleshooting Possible Cause Operation If irregularities continue in turning the steering even after making the above adjustments, check the seats in which the ball bearings rotate: replace if they are recessed. Excessive steering play EXCESSIVE STEERING CLEARANCE...
  • Page 43 INDEX OF TOPICS ELE SYS LECTRICAL SYSTEM...
  • Page 44 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system 1. Electronic ignition device 2. Spark plug 3. Flywheel magneto 4 Voltage regulator 5. Main fuse 7.5 A 6 Key switch 7. Battery 8. Starter 9. Remote control ignition 10. Ignition switch 11. STOP button on rear brake 12.
  • Page 45 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system 19. Left front direction indicator light 20. Front optical unit A. Parking light B. High-beam headlight C. Low-beam headlight 21. Right front direction indicator light 22. Light switch 23. Fuel level transmitter 24. Water temperature probe 25.
  • Page 46 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Ignition IGNITION 1. Electronic ignition device 2. Spark plug 3. Flywheel magneto 6 Key switch ELE SYS - 46...
  • Page 47 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Headlights and automatic starter section LIGHTS 3. Flywheel magneto 4 Voltage regulator 16. Rear optical unit A. Parking light B. Stop light 20. Front optical unit A. Parking light B. High-beam headlight C. Low-beam headlight 22.
  • Page 48 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Battery recharge and starting BATTERY CHARGER AND STARTER 3. Flywheel magneto 4 Voltage regulator 5. Main fuse 7.5 A 6 Key switch 7. Battery 8. Starter 9. Remote control ignition 10. Ignition switch 11. STOP button on rear brake 12.
  • Page 49 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Level indicators and enable signals section CONSENSUS AND LEVEL INDICATOR 3. Flywheel magneto 4 Voltage regulator 5. Main fuse 7.5 A 6 Key switch 7. Battery 23. Fuel level transmitter 24. Water temperature probe 25.
  • Page 50: Turn Signal Lights

    Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Turn signal lights TURN INDICATORS AND HORN 3. Flywheel magneto 4 Voltage regulator 5. Main fuse 7.5 A 6 Key switch 7. Battery 13. Horn 14. Horn button 15. Left rear direction indicator light 17.
  • Page 51 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system A= High-beam indicator light; B= Oil reserve mixer indicator light; C= Direction indicator light; D= Fuel reserve indicator light; E= Lights indicator light; F= Rev counter; G= "Mode" key; H= "Clock" key; L= "Set" key;...
  • Page 52 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Specification Desc./Quantity Grounding for phonic wheel Power supply to phonic wheel Phonic wheel signal Instrument light and parking light indicator Instrument temperature mass Not connected Rpm indicator signal Instrument temperature signal Fuel level sensor...
  • Page 53 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system CHECK CONTINUITY Specification Desc./Quantity White cable-frame continuity White cable-engine continuity Ignition circuit All the control operations of the system that require the disconnection of cables (checks of the con- nections and the devices making up the ignition...
  • Page 54 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system 1. The lighting system bulbs burn out. 2. The lighting system bulbs stop working. 3. The battery overcharges (the main fuse blows). 4. Non-recharging of the battery. 5. Non functioning of the turn indicators.
  • Page 55 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system BREAKDOWN 4 Put the vehicle in gear and place the alternating voltage tester between the insertion of the blue-red cable and the yellow cable on the stator to check that the voltage distributed by the generator is be- tween the values indicated.
  • Page 56 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system or the wiring, otherwise carry on with tests. • With the engine off, remove the regu- lator connector, and insert the ends of the tester between contact 5 and the ground. • Move the key controlled switch to ON and check there is battery voltage.
  • Page 57 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system Fuse 7.5 A Sealed battery Using the sealed battery for the first time INSTRUCTIONS FOR REFRESHING THE STOCK CHARGE OF AN OPEN CIRCUIT 1) Voltage check Before installing the battery on the vehicle, check the open circuit voltage with a normal tester.
  • Page 58 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system 2. Leave to stand for at least 2 hours; afterwards top-up to the level with sulphuric acid. 3. Within twenty four hours, recharge with the special (single or multiple) battery charger that re- charges at an intensity the same as approximately 1/10 the rated capacity of the said battery. At the end of the charge, make sure that the density of the acid is around 1.27, corresponding to 31°...
  • Page 59 Runner RST 50 SP Electrical system The battery runs down completely in the course of three months. If it is necessary to refit the battery in the vehicle, be careful not to reverse the connections, remembering that the ground wire (black) marked (-) must be connected to the -negative clamp while the other two red wires marked (+) must be con- nected to the clamp marked with the +positive sign.
  • Page 60 INDEX OF TOPICS ENG VE NGINE FROM VEHICLE...
  • Page 61 Runner RST 50 SP Engine from vehicle Exhaust assy. Removal - Rimuovere le due viti del coperchio scatola SAS - Rimuovere la marmitta agendo sui fissaggi del collettore di scarico e del carter motore. Per il montaggio eseguire le operazioni in ordine inverso.
  • Page 62 Runner RST 50 SP Engine from vehicle - Remove the air filter by removing the two studs from the engine crankcase. - Remove the air distribution intake cover by re- moving the four screws. -Disconnect the transmission of the mixer com- mand after removing the rubber plug on the trans- mission crankcase cover.
  • Page 63 Runner RST 50 SP Engine from vehicle - Disconnect the electrical connection of the fly- wheel magneto. - Disconnect the electrical connections of the start- - Disconnect the transmission of the accelerator command by using the screw. - Disconnect the electrical connection of the ther- mistor and the H.V.
  • Page 64 Runner RST 50 SP Engine from vehicle - Disconnect the mixer oil line from the oil tank. - Remove the clamp to disconnect the fuel line and the fuel pump control line. - Empty the cooling system and disconnect the supply and return lines using the respective clamps.
  • Page 65 Runner RST 50 SP Engine from vehicle - Remove the bolt of the rear shock absorber of the engine crankshaft. - Support the engine and remove the stud of the engine crankshaft at the swing arm. Locking torques (N*m) Swinging arm - engine pin* Shock-ab- 33 ÷...
  • Page 66 INDEX OF TOPICS NGINE...
  • Page 67: Automatic Transmission

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine this section is under processing Automatic transmission Transmission cover - Loosen the 15 screws and remove the transmis- sion cover with the aid of a mallet. N.B. THE CRANKCASE IS SLIGHTLY BLOCKED BY THE TIGHT FIT BETWEEN THE SHAFT OF THE DRIVEN HALF-PULLEY AND THE BEARING HOUSED ON THE CRANKCASE.
  • Page 68 Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Upon refitting, apply the recommended grease to the bushing, to the spring and along the toothed sector. - Use the special tool for the charging of the spring, as shown in the figure. - Refit the seeger ring after checking that it is in good condition.
  • Page 69: Inspecting The Clutch Drum

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the driven pulley - Lock the clutch bell housing with the specific tool. - Remove the nut, the clutch bell housing and the whole of the driven pulley assembly. N.B. THE UNIT CAN ALSO BE REMOVED WITH THE DRIVE PULLEY MOUNTED.
  • Page 70 Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Using a 34 mm socket wrench remove the clutch locking nut. - Loosen the central screw thereby undoing the driven pulley unit - Separate the components. Specific tooling 020444Y Tool for fitting/ removing the driven...
  • Page 71 Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Remove the three guide pins and the mobile half pulley. Removing the driven half-pulley bearing - Remove the roller bearing with the special ex- tractor inserted from the bottom of the fixed half- pulley.
  • Page 72 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Stationary driven half-pulley/Standard diame- Ø 33.965 to 33.985 mm Stationary driven half-pulley / Minimum diam- eter admitted after use Ø 33.96 mm Inspecting the driven sliding half-pulley - Remove the 2 inner sealing rings and the two O- rings.
  • Page 73 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting the driven half-pulley bearing - Fit a new ball bearing with the specific tool. - Fit the ball bearing retention snap ring. - Fit the new roller bearing with the wording visible from the outside.
  • Page 74: Refitting The Driven Pulley

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Reassemble the nut securing the clutch and tight- en to the prescribed torque. CAUTION SO AS NOT TO DAMAGE THE CLUTCH NUT USE A SOCK- ET WRENCH WITH SMALL CHAMFER. CAUTION POSITION THE NON-CHAMFERED SURFACES OF THE...
  • Page 75: Removing The Driving Pulley

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the driving pulley - Lock the driving pulley using the appropriate tool. - Remove the central nut with the related washer, then remove the drive and the plastic fan. - Remove the stationary half-pulley.
  • Page 76 Runner RST 50 SP Engine 4) Check the integrity of the sliding blocks of the contact plate. - Check that the internal bushing shown in the fig- ure is not abnormally worn and measure inside diameter «A». - Measure outside diameter «B» of the pulley slid- ing bushing shown in the figure.
  • Page 77 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Locking torques (N*m) Driving pulley nut 40÷ 44* End gear Removing the hub cover • Remove the transmission cover • Remove the clutch assembly • Discharge the rear hub oil. • Remove the 5 screws indicated in the figure.
  • Page 78 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the driven pulley shaft bearing - Remove the seeger ring inside the cover. - Remove the oil seal from the outside. - Remove the centring dowels and position the cover on a plane. - Position the special tool on the internal track of the bearing and remove said bearing with the aid of a press.
  • Page 79 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting the driven pulley shaft bearing - Support the inner track of the bearing from the outside of the hub cover with the specific tool posi- tioned under the press and insert the driven pulley axle.
  • Page 80: Removing The Stator

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting the ub cover - Refit the whole wheel axle. - Refit the intermediate gear paying attention to the two shim thicknesses. - Apply LOCTITE 510 for surfaces to the hub cov- ers and refit the same with driven pulley shaft.
  • Page 81 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting the stator - Refit the stator and flywheel proceeding in the inverse direction, tightening the studs to the pre- scribed torque. THREAD THE CABLE OF THE STATOR INTO THE SPECIF- IC HOUSING OF THE CRANKCASE AND MAKE SURE THAT IT IS LOCKED BY THE TAB OF THE RETURN LINE OF THE COOLING SYSTEM.
  • Page 82 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the starter motor • Remove the center stand by unscrew- ing the four clamping screws (two per side) of the engine block • emove the two clamps shown in the figure Removing the flywheel magneto - Lock the rotation of the flywheel using the calliper spanner.
  • Page 83 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Inspecting the flywheel components - Check the condition of the flywheel and any dis- tortions that might cause rubbing on the stator and on the Pick-Up. Refitting the flywheel magneto - Fit the flywheel being careful to insert the key properly.
  • Page 84 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the intake manifold Use an anti-tampering TORX spanner to remove the two clamping screws of the intake manifold Removing the cylinder head Remove the 4 screws shown in the figure Removing the cylinder - piston assy.
  • Page 85: Inspecting The Small End

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine • Remove the 2 plug stops by a screwdriver inser- ted into the special slits on the piston • Remove piston pin and remove the piston N.B. USE PAPER OR A CLOTH TO CLOSE THE CYLINDER...
  • Page 86: Inspecting The Piston

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Inspecting the wrist pin - Check the wrist pin external diameter using a mi- crometer Characteristic Wrist pin: standard diameter 12 +0.005 +0.001 mm Inspecting the piston - Measure the bearings on the piston using a bore meter - Calculate the piston-pin coupling clearance.
  • Page 87: Removing The Piston

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Inspecting the cylinder - Check that the cylinder does not show seizures. Otherwise, replace it or adjust it respecting the al- lowable increases - Measure the internal diameter of the cylinder with a bore meter, according to the directions given in...
  • Page 88 Runner RST 50 SP Engine • Fit piston and wrist pin on the connecting rod, with piston facing the outlet • Insert the wrist pin stop ring in the specific tool with the aperture in the position shown on the tool, as in the figure •...
  • Page 89 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Choosing the gasket • Temporarily fit the cylinder on the piston, without the basic gasket. • Fit a dial gauge on the specific tool, using the short union as shown in the figure. Use a reference plane to reset the dial gauge with a pre-load of a few millimetres.
  • Page 90 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Inspecting the timing system components CAUTION CHECK THE CORRECT REED UNIT SEAL; NO LIGHT MUST PASS BETWEEN THE SUPPORT AND LAMELLA. Crankcase - crankshaft Splitting the crankcase halves Remove the eight crankcase union fasteners. Install the special strip on the half crankcase on...
  • Page 91 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Removing the crankshaft - Install the specific tool on the half crankcase on the transmission side using four M6 screws of an adequate length. - Remove the crankshaft from the transmission side half crankcase Specific tooling...
  • Page 92 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting the crankshaft bearings - This operation requires assembly by temperature - Dip the bearings in oil bath when this is still cold. Avoid contact between bearings and container. - Use an appropriate amount of oil (approx.1 l) - Gradually heat the container with a thermal gun until the oil temperature reaches approx.
  • Page 93 Runner RST 50 SP Engine Inspecting the crankshaft alignment With the specific tool shown check that the eccen- tricity of the surfaces of diam. «A»-«B»-« C» are within 0.03 mm. (reading limit on the dial gauge); in addition, check the eccentricity of diam. «D», for which a maximum reading of 0.02 mm is permitted.
  • Page 94 Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Let the temperature of the half crankcase settle at the temperature of the crankshaft. - Again install the special crankcase separation plate NOT installing the crankshaft protection - During the assembly phase keep the central thrust screw loose.
  • Page 95 Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Move the crankcase separation plate in a position back from the one indicated in the figure - Install the special magnetic support with dial gauge at the end of the crankshaft - Check the axial clearance of the crankcase...
  • Page 96: Oil Pump

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine - Install a new transmission side oil seal using the special tool with adapter ring. The transmission-side oil seal is recognised by the larger diameter Specific tooling 020340Y Flywheel and transmission oil seals fitting punch...
  • Page 97: Fuel Supply

    Runner RST 50 SP Engine Refitting To refit, perform the steps in the reverse direction to disassembly Remember to drain after refitting using the screw shown in the figure Fuel supply The vehicle comes with a membrane pump con- trolled by the depression that is generated in the intake manifold.
  • Page 98 INDEX OF TOPICS SUSP USPENSIONS...
  • Page 99: Removing The Front Wheel

    Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions Front suspension This section is devoted to operations that can be carried out on the suspension. Front Removing the front wheel - Remove the fixing nut from the wheel axle on the left side of the vehicle.
  • Page 100 Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions - Remove the internal spacer - Use appropriate handle, adaptor and guide and hit with a mallet to extract the bearing and the spacer bushing on the brake disk side; insert han- dle on the side the rpm indicator detects move-...
  • Page 101: Front Fork

    Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions Removing the front wheel Refitting the front wheel - When refitting, pay attention in repositioning the odometer drive correctly. Locking torques (N*m) Wheel axle nut 45 ÷ 50 Wheel axle clamp screws 6 - 7 Nm...
  • Page 102 Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions Removal - Remove the front brake calliper. - Remove the odometer cable from the reduction gear box. - Remove the front mudguard. - Remove the handlebar. After removing the steering ring-nut using the spe- cial tool, lean the vehicle on one side and extract the steering tube.
  • Page 103 Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions Loctite 243 medium-strength threadlock Locking torques (N*m) Stud-stanchion fixing screw 20 to 25 N•m tightening torque 20 to 25 N•m Replacing sealing ring - Remove the wheel axle. - Remove the screw (4). - Remove the stanchion (3).
  • Page 104: Steering Column

    Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions - Lock at the prescribed torque and turn the key anticlockwise by 90° to 100°. Specific tooling 020055Y Wrench for steering tube ring nut Recommended products AGIP GREASE PV2 Grease for control levers on the engine White anhydrous-calcium based grease to protect roller bearings;...
  • Page 105 Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions - Using the special tool, refit the upper and lower bearing seats on the headstock. Specific tooling 001330Y Tool for fitting steering seats Steering bearing Removal Overhaul fifth wheel housing on fork Check the condition of the fifth wheel and the fifth wheel seat on the fork (steering tube).
  • Page 106: Removing The Rear Wheel

    Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions - Remove the handlebar. - Remove the bearing of steering ring nut using the specific tool. Specific tooling 020055Y Wrench for steering tube ring nut See also Handlebar Refitting Refit steering lock nut - After locking the first ring nut in place, lock the second ring nut using a specific tool.
  • Page 107: Shock Absorbers

    Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions Refitting the rear wheel - On refitting, tighten to the prescribed torque in a cross over pattern. Locking torques (N*m) Rear wheel: 20 - 25 Nm Shock absorbers Removal To replace the shock absorber, simply remove the door to access the tool bag and remove the shock absorber / chassis nut.
  • Page 108 Runner RST 50 SP Suspensions - Remove the stand support bracket from the en- gine. - Drill a 5 mm hole in the bracket so that the pin «P» can come out. Fitting and caulking the kickstand pin to the bracket - Caulk the end of the pin «P»...
  • Page 109 INDEX OF TOPICS BRAK SYS RAKING SYSTEM...
  • Page 110: Rear Brake Calliper

    Runner RST 50 SP Braking system Rear brake calliper Removal - Disconnect the hydraulic union collecting the oil in an appropriate container. - Loosen the two support calliper clamps. Front brake calliper Removal • Check that the brake piping, gasket and fitting are in good condition.
  • Page 111 Runner RST 50 SP Braking system pressed air through the brake fluid pipe in order to facilitate the expulsion of pistons (6). 5) Check: - that the plates and the body are whole and in good condition; - that the cylinder and the floating body of the cal- liper do not show signs of scratches or erosion, otherwise replace the entire calliper;...
  • Page 112: Front Brake Disc

    Runner RST 50 SP Braking system 4. Fixed plate 5. Floating body 6. Piston 7. Piston sealing rings 8. Guide protection rubbers 9. Brake pad check spring 10. Pads CAUTION ALL THE SEALS AND GASKETS MUST BE REPLACED EV- ERY TIME THE CALLIPER IS SERVICED.
  • Page 113: Front Brake Pads

    Runner RST 50 SP Braking system Refitting -When refitting, position the disc correctly making sure that it rotates in the right direction. Locking torques (N*m) Disc tightening screw 8 - 12 Disc Inspection • Use the micrometer to check the thick-...
  • Page 114 Runner RST 50 SP Braking system Removal Proceed as follows: - Remove the front calliper. - Loosen the two pins shown in the figure that lock the two pads. - Remove the pads, being careful with the pad spring clamp.
  • Page 115 Runner RST 50 SP Braking system Fill -Once the bleed valve is closed, fill the system with brake liquid to the maximum level. -Undo the bleed screw. -Apply the tube of the special tool to the bleed screws. When bleeding it is necessary to fill the oil tank in...
  • Page 116 Runner RST 50 SP Braking system CAREFULLY DRY THE CALLIPER AND DE- GREASE THE DISC SHOULD THERE BE OIL ON IT. Specific tooling 020329Y MityVac vacuum-operated pump Recommended products AGIP BRAKE 4 Brake fluid FMVSS DOT 4 Synthetic fluid Locking torques (N*m) Oil bleed screw 8÷12...
  • Page 117 INDEX OF TOPICS COOL SYS OOLING SYSTEM...
  • Page 118 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system System bleed 1. Fill the circuit through the expansion tank to the maximum level. 2. Fasten the rubber line to the drain fitting on the head and thread it into the expansion tank mouth..
  • Page 119 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system - Remove the mixer/water pump drive-belt with the two crown wheels - Remove the snap ring of the pump bearing stay - Remove the steel washer - Using the air heater, warm up the crankcase in the area around the water pump bearings as shown in the picture.
  • Page 120 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system - Using the special hook, remove the sealing ring from its housing as shown in the picture. Specific tooling 020209Y Spring hook - Ensure the shaft is not abnormally worn and the bearings not noisy. Otherwise, replace shaft and...
  • Page 121 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system Using the air heater, warm up the water pump bearing housing, without directing the air flow di- rectly against the oil seal - Lubricate the end of the water pump shaft on the oil seal side, using the recommended product.
  • Page 122 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system Check 1) Visually check that the thermostat is not dam- aged. 2) Fill a metallic container with approx. 1 litre of water. Immerge the thermostat, and keep it in the centre of the bowl.
  • Page 123 Runner RST 50 SP Cooling system COOL SYS - 123...
  • Page 124 INDEX OF TOPICS CHAS HASSIS...
  • Page 125 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Seat Lift the saddle and remove the screws indicated in the photograph Rear handlebar cover - Remove the front handlebar cover - Remove the 3 screws indicated in the figure -After disconnecting the wiring remove the rear handlebar.
  • Page 126 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Frame central cover Remove the saddle and the two screws indicated in the photograph. - Remove the air ducts, then operate the screw in- dicated in photograph. - Remove the ring nut of the fuel tank cap by un- screwing the 3 screws indicated in the photograph.
  • Page 127 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Legshield - Remove the shield central cover. - Remove the 2 screws shown in the photograph. - Remove the 10 screws (5 per side) indicated in the photograph. - Remove the 7 screws indicated in the photograph from the front wheel compartment.
  • Page 128 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Knee-guard - Remove the central chassis cover. - Remove the shield central cover and remove the supporting screws for the expansion tank. - Remove the 10 screws (5 per side) of the shield back plate indicated in the photograph.
  • Page 129 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis turn the key leftwards to "OFF" and at the same time press until the cylinder is completely in. See also Knee-guard Legshield Front wheel housing • Remove the front fork; • Unscrew the central stud of the wheel well at the frame;...
  • Page 130 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Footrest Remove the 3 screws indicated in the figure and remove the footrest. Side fairings The side fairing consists of 3 parts as described in the figure. Fairing A - Remove the 4 screws indicated in the figure and take out the casing.
  • Page 131 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis - Remove the screw located below the fairing A - Pull out the fairing. Fairing C - Remove the central chassis cover. - Remove the lateral fairings A and B. - Remove the fairing by pulling it upwards.
  • Page 132 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Helmet bay - Remove the battery. - Remove the saddle. - Remove the rear central cover. - Remove the side panels - Remove the mix. oil reservoir cap. - Remove the wiring found in the battery compart- ment.
  • Page 133: Fuel Tank

    Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Fuel tank - Remove the central chassis cover. Remove the side fairings and the helmet compart- ment. - Remove the screw <C> indicated in the figure at both sides. - Remove the bolt <A> and loosen the nut <B>in- dicated in the figure.
  • Page 134 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Radiator fan - Set up a receptacle to collect coolant. - Remove the fuel tank. - Loosen the clamps and disconnect the 4 lines from the radiator. - Remove the radiator by the 4 studs shown in the figure.
  • Page 135: Lower Cover

    Runner RST 50 SP Chassis Front central cover - Remove the Gilera emblem placing a screwdriver in the emblem right groove. - Remove the screw indicated in the photograph and remove the cover by pulling it upwards. Battery Dopo aver rimosso il coperchio batteria installare la batteria rispettando le polarità...
  • Page 136 Runner RST 50 SP Chassis CHAS - 136...
  • Page 137 INDEX OF TOPICS PRE DE DELIVERY...
  • Page 138 Runner RST 50 SP Pre-delivery Aesthetic inspection Appearance check: - Paintwork - Fitting of plastics - Scratches - Dirt Tightening torques inspection Lock check - Safety locks - clamping screws Safety locks Rear shock absorber upper fixing Rear shock absorber lower fixing...
  • Page 139 Runner RST 50 SP Pre-delivery CAUTION TO ENSURE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE, THE BATTERY MUST BE CHARGED BEFORE USE. INADEQUATE CHARGING OF THE BATTERY WITH A LOW LEVEL OF ELECTROLYTE BEFORE IT IS FIRST USED SHORTENS BATTERY LIFE. WARNING BEFORE RECHARGING THE BATTERY, REMOVE THE CAPS OF EACH CELL.
  • Page 140 Runner RST 50 SP Pre-delivery Static test Static control after the test ride: - Starting when warm - Starter operation - Minimum hold (turning the handlebar) - Uniform turning of the steering - Possible leaks CAUTION CHECK AND ADJUST TYRE PRESSURE WITH TYRES AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.
  • Page 141 INDEX OF TOPICS TIME...
  • Page 142 Runner RST 50 SP Time This section is devoted to the time necessary to carry out repairs. The description and code for each operation is in- dicated. Engine ENGINE Code Action Duration 001001 Engine to chassis - Replacement TIME - 142...
  • Page 143 Runner RST 50 SP Time Crankcase CRANKCASE Code Action Duration 001133 Engine crankcase - Replacement TIME - 143...
  • Page 144 Runner RST 50 SP Time Crankshaft RANKSHAFT Code Action Duration 001117 Crankshaft - Replacement 001118 Main bearings - Replacement 001099 Oil seal, flywheel side - Replacement 001100 Oil seal, clutch side - Replacement TIME - 144...
  • Page 145 Runner RST 50 SP Time Cylinder assy. YLINDER PISTON Code Action Duration 001002 Cylinder piston - Replacement 001107 Cylinder / piston - Inspection / clean- TIME - 145...
  • Page 146: Cylinder Head Cover

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Cylinder head cover EAD ASSEMBLY Code Action Duration 001013 Intake manifold - Replacement 001056 Head gasket - change 001057 Thermostat - Replacement 001093 Spark plug - Replacement 001126 Head - Replacement 007010 Bleed valve - Replacement...
  • Page 147: Driven Pulley

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Driven pulley RIVEN PULLEY Code Action Duration 001110 Driven pulley - Replacement 001022 Clutch - Replacement 001155 Clutch bell housing - Replacement 001012 Driven pulley - Service TIME - 147...
  • Page 148 Runner RST 50 SP Time Oil pump IL MIX PUMP Code Action Duration 001018 Mixer - Replacement 001019 Mixer belt - replacement 001028 Mix movement gear socket - Re- placement TIME - 148...
  • Page 149 Runner RST 50 SP Time Final gear assy. INAL REDUCTION GEAR Code Action Duration 001010 Geared reduction unit - Service 001156 Gear reduction unit cover - Replace- ment 003065 Gear box oil - Replacement 004125 Rear wheel axle - Replacement...
  • Page 150 Runner RST 50 SP Time Driving pulley ULEGGIA MOTRICE Code Action Duration 001011 Driving belt - Replacement 001066 driving pulley - Replacement 001006 rear-view pulley - Service 001177 Variator rollers / shoes - Replace- ment 001086 Driving half-pulley - replace...
  • Page 151: Transmission Cover

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Transmission cover RANSMISSION COVER Code Action Duration 001096 Transmission crankcase cover - Re- placement 001131 Transmission air intake - Replace- ment 001132 Transmission air inlet pipe - Replace- ment 001135 Transmission cover bearing - Re-...
  • Page 152: Water Pump

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Water pump ATER PUMP Code Action Duration 001113 Water pump - Replacement 001062 Water pump command shaft - Re- placement 007019 Connection water pump pipe / return pipe - Replacement TIME - 152...
  • Page 153: Starter Motor

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Starter motor OTORINO AVVIAMENTO E ICK STARTER Code Action Duration 001020 Starter motor - Replacement 001021 Kick starter - Inspection 001084 Starter lever - Replacement 008008 Starter spring pack - Replacement 005045 Starter motor cable harness - Re-...
  • Page 154: Flywheel Magneto

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Flywheel magneto FLYWHEEL MAGNETO Code Action Duration 001058 Flywheel - Replacement 001067 Stator - Replacement 001173 Rotor - Replacement 001087 Flywheel cover - Replacement TIME - 154...
  • Page 155 Runner RST 50 SP Time Carburettor ARBURATORE Code Action Duration 001063 Carburettor - Replacement 003058 Carburettor - Adjustment 001008 Carburettor - Inspection 001178 Disc pack - Replacement 001081 Automatic choke - Replacement 007020 Carburettor heating tubing - replace- ment 001013...
  • Page 156 Runner RST 50 SP Time Exhaust pipe UFFLER Code Action Duration 001009 Muffler - Replacement 001095 Muffler guard - Replacement 001136 Exhaust emissions - Adjustment TIME - 156...
  • Page 157: Air Cleaner

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Air cleaner IR FILTER Code Action Duration 001014 Air filter - Replacement / cleaning 001015 Air filter box - Replacement 004122 Air cleaner carburettor fitting - Re- placement TIME - 157...
  • Page 158 Runner RST 50 SP Time Frame HASSIS Code Action Duration 004001 Frame - replace 004116 Rear frame - Replacement 004015 Footrest - Replacement TIME - 158...
  • Page 159 Runner RST 50 SP Time Centre-stand STAND Code Action Duration 004004 Stand - Replacement 004171 Stand support plate - Replacement TIME - 159...
  • Page 160 Runner RST 50 SP Time Legshield spoiler RONT SHIELD Code Action Duration 004064 Front shield - Replacement 004053 Spoiler - Replacement 004182 Side cover - Replacement 004149 Shield central cover - Replacement TIME - 160...
  • Page 161 Runner RST 50 SP Time Side fairings SIDE COVERS Code Action Duration 004057 Taillight lower cover - Replacement 004068 Passenger handgrip - Replacement 004012 Rear fairings - Removal and refitting 004129 Rear fairing - Replacement 004085 Fairing (1) - Replacement...
  • Page 162 Runner RST 50 SP Time Underseat compartment ANO PORTACASCO Code Action Duration 004016 Helmet compartment - Replacement 005046 Battery cover - Replacement 004071 Battery compartment - replacement 004059 Spark plug inspection flap - Replace- ment TIME - 162...
  • Page 163 Runner RST 50 SP Time Mudguard ARAFANGHI Code Action Duration 004002 Front mudguard - Replacement 004009 Rear mudguard - Replacement 003044 Shock absorber cover - Replace- ment 004052 Bumper - Replacement TIME - 163...
  • Page 164 Runner RST 50 SP Time Fuel tank ERBATOIO CARBURANTE Code Action Duration 004005 Fuel tank - Replacement 004007 Fuel valve - Replacement 005010 Tank float - Replacement 004170 Tank filler neck - Replacement 004110 Fuel tank hose - Replacement 004109...
  • Page 165 Runner RST 50 SP Time Tank oil IL TANK Code Action Duration 004017 Oil reservoir - Replacement 005018 Oil reservoir float - Replacement 004095 Oil reservoir cock - Replacement 004091 Oil reservoir hose - Replacement TIME - 165...
  • Page 166 Runner RST 50 SP Time Rear shock-absorber EAR SHOCK ABSORBER Code Action Duration 003007 Rear shock absorbers - Replace- ment TIME - 166...
  • Page 167 Runner RST 50 SP Time Steering column bearings TEERING FIFTH WHEELS Code Action Duration 003002 Steering fifth wheel - Replacement 003073 Steering clearance - Adjustment 004119 Bearing / upper steering fifth wheel - Replacement TIME - 167...
  • Page 168 Runner RST 50 SP Time Handlebar components ANDLEBAR COMPONENTS Code Action Duration 003001 Handlebar - Replacement 002060 Complete throttle control - Replace- ment 002059 Right hand grip - Replacement 005017 Stop switch - Replacement 003059 Counterweight - Replacement 002024 Front brake pump - replace...
  • Page 169 Runner RST 50 SP Time Swing-arm WINGING ARM Code Action Duration 001072 Engine / frame swinging arm fitting - Replacement TIME - 169...
  • Page 170 Runner RST 50 SP Time Seat ELLA Code Action Duration 004003 Saddle - Replacement 004054 Seat lock hook - Replacement 002083 Saddle opening transmission - Re- placement TIME - 170...
  • Page 171: Instrument Panel

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Instrument panel RUPPO STRUMENTI E COPRIMANUBRIO Code Action Duration 004019 Handlebar rear section - Replace- ment 004018 Handlebar front section - Replace- ment 005014 Odometer - Replacement 005078 Odometer glass - Replacement 004117 Top fairing - Replacement...
  • Page 172 Runner RST 50 SP Time Turn signal lights ANALE ANTERIORE Code Action Duration 005005 Taillight - Replacement 005066 Rear light bulbs - Replacement 005068 Rear turn indicator bulb - Replace- ment 005022 Rear turn indicators - Replacement 005002 Front headlamp - Replacement...
  • Page 173: Front Wheel

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Front wheel RONT WHEEL Code Action Duration 002041 Front brake disc - Replacement 003040 Front wheel bearings - Replacement 003037 Front wheel rim- Replacement 003047 Front tyre - replace 004123 Front wheel - Replacement 003038...
  • Page 174 Runner RST 50 SP Time Rear wheel EAR WHEEL Code Action Duration 001071 Rear wheel rim - Replacement 001016 Rear wheel - Replacement 002070 Rear brake disc - Replacement 004126 Rear wheel tyre - Replacement 002028 Rear wheel hub - Replacement...
  • Page 175: Fuel Pump

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Fuel pump OMPA CARBURANTE Code Action Duration 004073 Fuel pump - Replacement 004137 Pump / carburettor hose - Replace- ment 004086 Petrol pump depression tube - Re- placement 004089 Tank / petrol pump pipe - Replace-...
  • Page 176 Runner RST 50 SP Time Electric devices MPIANTO ELETTRICO Code Action Duration 005001 Electrical system - Replacement 005009 Voltage regulator - Replacement 001023 Control unit - Replacement 001094 Spark plug cap - Replacement 005003 Horn - Replacement 005011 Start-up remote control switch - Re-...
  • Page 177 Runner RST 50 SP Time Electronic controls OMANDI ELETTRICI Code Action Duration 005041 Starter button - Replacement 005040 Horn button - Replacement 005016 Key switch - Replacement 004096 Lock series - Replacement 004010 Antitheft lock - replace 005006 Light switch or turn indicators - Re-...
  • Page 178: Brake Callipers

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Brake callipers BRAKE CALLIPERS Code Action Duration 002007 Front brake pads - Replacement 002021 Front brake piping - Replacement 002039 Front brake calliper - Replacement 002002 Rear brake pads - Replacement 002020 Rear brake disc piping - Replace-...
  • Page 179 Runner RST 50 SP Time Rear side fairings EAR COVERS Code Action Duration 004056 Upper rear light cover - Replacement 004136 License plate support - Replacement 004183 Cover for engine components - Re- placement 004181 Lower cover - Replacement 005048...
  • Page 180: Front Suspension

    Runner RST 50 SP Time Front suspension Code Action Duration 003010 Front suspension - Service 003051 Complete fork - replace 003048 Fork oil seal - Replacement 003041 Fork stanchion - Replacement TIME - 180...
  • Page 181 Runner RST 50 SP Time Cooling system MPIANTO DI RAFFREDDAMENTO Code Action Duration 007002 Water cooling radiator - Replace- ment 007003 Delivery line and coolant return - Re- placement 007001 Expansion tank - Replacement 007024 Expansion tank cap - Replacement...
  • Page 182 Runner RST 50 SP Time Secondary air box ECONDARY AIR SYSTEM Code Action Duration 001163 Muffler secondary air connection - Replacement 001165 Secondary air reed - Replacement 001164 Crankcase secondary air connection - Replacement 001161 Secondary air filter - Replacement /...
  • Page 183 Air filter: 32, 131 Battery: 41, 48, 57, 135 Brake: 102, 110, 112–114, 116, 178 Carburettor: 10, 155 Engine stop: Fuel: 39, 97, 133, 134, 164, 175 Fuses: 56 Headlight: 36, 125 Hub oil: 30 Identification: 8 Instrument panel: 50, 171 Maintenance: 7, 27 Shock absorbers: 107 Spark plug: 30...

Table of Contents