3
Introduction ................................................................................
Signal limitations ........................................................................
Closing channels .................................................................
Opening channels ................................................................
Closing channels .................................................................
Opening channels ................................................................
Resistor testing ..................................................................
Path isolation .....................................................................
Magnetic fields ..................................................................
Ground loops .....................................................................
4
Introduction ................................................................................
Isolation tests .......................................................................
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-5
3-5
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-13
3-14
3-16
3-16
3-19
3-20
3-20
3-21
3-21
3-22
3-23
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-6
4-8