Occupancy And Process Related Contaminant Sources; Residential Occupancy; Office Building Occupancy - Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL Engineering Manual

INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALS
Table 3. Sources, Possible Concentrations, and Indoor to Outdoor Concentration Ratios of some Indoor Pollutants.
Pollutant Indoor Pollution
Asbestos Fireproofing
Carbon Dioxide Combustion, humans, pets
(CO 2 )
Carbon Combustion equipment,
Monoxide (CO) engines, faulty heating systems
Formal- Insulation, product binders,
dehyde particleboard
Mineral & Products, cloth, rugs, wallboard
Synthetic
Fibers
Nitrogen Combustion, gas stoves, water
Dioxide (NO 2 ) heaters, dryers, cigarettes,
engines
Organic Vapors Combustion, solvents, resin
(VOCs) products, pesticides, aerosol
sprays
Ozone Electric arcing, UV light sources
Radon & Building materials, ground
Progeny water, soil
Respirable Stoves, fireplaces, cigarettes,
Particles condensation of volatiles,
aerosol sprays, resuspension,
cooking
Sulfate Matches, gas stoves
Sulfur Dioxide Heating system
(SO 2 )
TSP without Combustion, resuspension,
Smoking heating system
Viable Humans, pets, rodents, insects,
Organisms plants, fungi, humidifiers, air
conditioners
Occupancy And Process Related Contaminant
Sources
Process generated contaminants vary with the nature of the
occupancy and processes. All occupancies have some common
contaminants. Additional contaminants depend on the
occupancy type (residential, office building, health care, or
industrial) and the associated processes.

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY

Residential contaminant sources include tobacco smoke,
detergent, waxes, pesticides, polishes, cosmetics, mothballs,
and building materials. Gas ranges, wood stoves, and kerosene
heaters are major sources of concern because of carbon
ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATION CONTROL
Sources of Possible Indoor
Concentrations
<10 6 fiber/ m 3
0.05 to 1.0 ppm
200 to 1000 µg/m 3
0.1 to 200 nCi/m 3
100 to 500 µg/m 3
Indoor/Outdoor
Concentration
Ratio
3000 ppm >>1
100 ppm
>>1
>1
NA —
>>1
NA >1
20 ppb <1
200 ppb >1
>>1
>>1
5 µg/m 3
<1
20 µg/m 3
<1
100 µg/m 3
NA >1
monoxide. Showers can be a source of radon gas and halocarbon
concentrations, but usually are not run often enough to be of
concern. Some fungi, mold, and mildew found in showers can
be quite harmful if left unchecked. Occupants, both human and
animal, are also significant sources.

OFFICE BUILDING OCCUPANCY

Office contaminant sources include tobacco smoke, detergent,
waxes, pesticides, polishes, cosmetics, and building materials.
Additional sources include electrostatic copiers (ozone ), diazo
printers (ammonia and related compounds), carbonless copy
paper (formaldehyde), and correction fluids, inks, and adhesives
(VOCs). Fungus, mold, and mildew from cooling towers,
humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and showers is also a source.
156
Location
1 Homes, schools, offices
Homes, schools, offices
Skating rinks, offices,
homes, cars, shops
Homes, offices
Homes, schools, offices
Homes, Skating rinks
Homes, offices, public
facilities, restaurants,
hospitals
Airplanes
offices
Homes, buildings
Homes, offices, cars,
public facilities, bars,
restaurants
Removal inside
Removal inside
1 Homes, offices,
transportation,
restaurants
Homes, offices, hospitals,
schools, public