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Chapter 12. Appendix
BS
6400
MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number
: 00H
{B3)
6500
(MID! ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number
: 00H
(B3)
060C
{MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value
:0CH
(B3)
2600
{MIDI ch.4) lower byte of parameter value
2 00H
(83)
647F
(MIDI ch.4) lower byte of RPN parameter number
:7FH
(B3)
65 7E
(MIDI ch.) upper byte of RPN parameter number
2 7FH
In other words, the above messages specify a value of OC 00H for RPN parameter number 00 00H on MIDI
channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH.
RPN parameter number 00 00H is Pitch Bend Sensitivity, and the MSB of the value indicates semitone units,
so a value of OCH = 12 sets the maximum pitch bend range tn +- 12 semitones (1 octave). (On GS sound
sources the LSB of Pitch Bend Sensitivity is ignored, but the LSB should be transmitted anyway (with a
value of 0) ao that operation will be correct on any device.}
Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN or NRPN, all Data Entry messages transmitted on
that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has bern transmitted, it is a good idea to set the
parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents. This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.
It is not desirable for performance data (such as Standard MIDI File data) to contain many events with run-
hing status as given in <Example 4>. This is because if playback is halted during the song and then rewound
of fast-forwarded, the sequencer may not be able to transmit the correct status, and the sound source will
then misinterpret the data. Take care to give each event its own status
It is also necessary that the RPN or NRPN parameter number setting and the value setting be done in the
proper order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or consecutive) clock may be transmitted
in an order different than the order in which they were received. For this reason it is a gond idea to slightly
skew the time of each event (about 1 tick for TRQN=%6, and about 5 ticks for TPQN-=480).
* TPQN : Ticks Per Quarter Note
@ Example of an Exclusive message and calculating a Checksum
Roland Exclusive messages (RQL, DT1) are transmitted with a checksum at the end (before F7) to make sure
that the mesnage
was correctly received.
The vatue of the checksum is determined by the address
and data
(or size) of the transmitted exclusive message.
+ How to calculate the checksum (hexadecimal numbers are indicated by 'H')
The checksum is a value derived by adding the address, size and checksum itself and inverting the lower 7
bits.
Here's an example of how the checksum is calculated. We will assume that in the exclusive message we are
transmitting, the address is aa bb cH and the data or size is dd ce fH.
aa+bb +cc+dd
+ee+ ff = sum
sum / 128 = quotient... remainder
128 - remainder = checksum
<Example 1> Setting REVERB MACRO to ROOM 3
According to the "Parameter Address Map", the REVERB MACRO Address is 40 01 30H, and ROOM 3 is a
value of 02H, Thus,
pat)
4l
10
42
R
40.01.30
@
R
74
ay
(2)
(3)
{4)
(3)
address
data
checksum
(6)
(DExchusive Status
(2)TD (Roland)
(3)Device ID (17)
(4)Model 1D (GS)
(5)}Command ID (DT)
(6)End of Exclusive
Next we calculate the checksum.
40H + 01H + 30H + 02H = 64 +14
48 +2 = 115{6um)
115{sum) / 128 = O{quotient) ... 115(remainder)
checksum » 128 - 115(remainder) = 13 = 0DH
This means that
FO 4! 10 42 12 40 91 30
02 OD F7 is the message we transmit.
<Example 2> Requesting transmission of the LEVEL for DRUM MAP 1 NOTE NUM-
BER 75(D#5; Claves)
NOTE NUMBER 75(D#5) is 4BH in hexadecimal.
According to the "Parameter Address Map", LEVEL of NOTE NUMBER 75(D#5;Claves)in DRUM MAP !
has an Address of 41 02 4BH and a Size of 00 00 01H. Thus,
pa]
4
ay
a
u
20248
0 00 01
2
&
a)
(2)
(3)
44)
(5)
address
size
checksum
(6)
(IExclusive Status
{2)ID (Roland)
@)Device ID (17)
{4)Model HD (GS)
(5)Command ID (RQ})
(6)End of Exclusive
Next we caiculate the checksum.
41H + 02H + 4BH + 00H + 00H + 01H = 6542+ 75404041 = 143{sum)
143(sum) / 128
1{quotient) ... 15{remainder)
checksum = 128 - 15{remainder) = 113 = 71H
This means that FO 41 10 42 11 41 02 4B 00 000) 71 F7 is the message we transmit.
<Example 3> Set "MASTER TUNE" to +23.4cents by System Exclusive
The Address of "MASTER TUNE" is 40 00 0(th.The Value should be nibblized data whose resolution is
O.lcents,and which is a signed value
(00 04 00 OOH (= 1024) = 0),
+23.4[cents} = 234 + 1024 = 1258 = 04 EAH = 00 04 OE OAH(nibblized)
Thus,
Hh
4
wW
2
400000
OUEDA
EB
ay
(2
)
(4)
5)
address
size
checksum
= {6}
(Exclusive Status
{4)Model ID (GS)
(2)ID (Roland)
}Command ID (RQ)
(3)Device ID {17}
(6)End of Exclusive
Next we calculate the checksum.
40H + OOH + 00H + 00H + 04H + 0EH + UAH = 64 +0+0+0+4+4
14+ 10 = 92{sm)
92{(sum)} / 128 = O(quotient) ... 92(remainder)
checksum = 128 - 92(cemainder) = 36 = 24H
This means that FO 41 10 42 11 40 00:00 00 04 OE 0A 24 F7 is the message
we transmit.
@ About tuning
In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning} to the appropriate MIDI chan-
nel.
In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels being used, or by sending
a System Exclusive MASTER TUNE (address 40 00 00H).
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise, 10/8192 cent),
and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE allows tuning in steps of 0.1 cent. One cent is 1/100th of a semitone,
The values of RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE are added together to
determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.
Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference. Values are in hexadecimal
{decimal in parentheses).
"+
{Hz at
Ad]
cent
|
RPN
A}
] Sys.Ex.
40 00
00
|
Hono ane. $--------. prenesee ewww eee. 4eeene
renee en nn--e- +
}
445.0
| +19.56
| 4¢ 43
{+1€03){00 04 0¢ O4 1+196)]
{ 444.0
| +15.67
| 4A 03
(+1283) ]00 04 09 OD {+257}{
f
443.0
| +12.76
| 47 44
(+ 9661]}00
06
07
06
t+i18)]
[| 442.0
| + 7.85
| 45 03 (+ 643) [00 04 04 OF {+ 79)]
{ 441.0
| + 3.93
| 42 42 {+ 322)foc 04 02 67 «+ 399]
{ 440.0]
©
| 40 00
¢
©
}406
04 00 00%
arf
|
438.0
{ -
3.94
| 3D 3D
(- 3231/06
02
OD
09
(- 39}]
|
438.0
{ -
7.89
| 3A 7A
(- 646)[0G
63
OB C1
(~ 79)f
oeeesely tenceeee- genn-
nen ---e- ee oe
+
<Example> Set the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 = 442.0Hz
Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the valuc is 45 03H.
B2
6400
MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number
00H
(B2)
6501
(MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number
01H
(B2)
0645
(MID) ch.3) upper byte of parameter value
45H
{B2)
2603
(MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value
03H
(B2)
64 7F
(MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number
TPH
{B2)
65 7F
(MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number
.7FH
@ The Scale Tunc Feature (address : 40 1x 40)
The scale Tune feature allows you to finely adjust the individual pitch of the notes from C through B.
Though the settings are made while working with one octave, the fine adjustments will affect all octaves, By
making the appropriate Scale Tune settings, you can obtain a complete variety of tuning methods other than
equal temperament. As examples, three possible types of scale setting are explained below.
© Equal Temperament
This method of tuning divides the octave into 12 equal parts. It is currently the most widely used form of
tuning,
especially in occidental music. On XP-10, the default settings for the Scale Tune feature produce equal tem-
perament.
O Just Temperament (Keytone C)
The three main chords resound much more beautifully than with equal temperament, but this benefit can
only be obtained in one key. If transposed, the chords tend to become ambiguous. The example given
involves settings for a key in which C is the keynote.
O Arabian Scale
By altering the setting for Scale Tune, you can obtain a variety of other tunings suited for ethnic music. For
exampie, the settings introduced below will set the unit to use the Arabian Scale.
Example Settings
Note name
Equal
just Temperament
Arabian Scale
{Keytone C)
Temperament
c
0
0
+4
cf
0
8
+5
D
0
bad
2
De
0
+16
2
E
0
"4
Bal
F
o
2
4B
Fe
a
10
+43
G
°
+2
4
Ge
o
+14
+7
A
o
16
cu
At
0
+4
Ww
B
o
12
49
The values in the table are given in cents. Refer to the explanation of Scale Tuning on page 87 to convert
these values to hexadecimal, and transmit them as exclusive data.
For example, to set the tune (C-B) of the Part! Arabian Scale, send the data as follows:
FO 41 10 42 12 40:11 403A 6D 3E 34 OD 38 63 3C 6F 40 36 OF 50 F7
91
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