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SD-34 | SD-34.2
Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
When operated in the forward direction the LEDs light. They are available in
several different versions (differing in colour, size, form, luminosity, maximum
current, voltage limits).
Light emitting diodes should always be connected via a series resistor which
limits the current and prevents failure.
Transistors
Transistors are current amplifiers which convert low signals into stronger ones. There are
several types in different package forms available. The type designation is printed on the
component.
Transistors for a low power rating (e.g. BC types) have a package in form of a
half zylinder (SOT-Gehäuse).
The three pins of bipolar transistors (e.g. BC types) are called basis, emitter and
collector (abbreviated with the letters B, E, C in the circuit diagram).
Integrated circuits (ICs)
Depending on the type, ICs fulfil various tasks. The most common housing form
is the so-called "DIL"-housing, from which 4, 6, 8, 14, 16, 18 or more "legs"
(pins) are arranged along the long sides.
ICs are sensitive to damage during soldering (heat, electrostatic charging). For
that reason in the place of the ICs IC sockets are soldered in, in which the ICs
are inserted later.
Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers are ICs, which are individually programmed for the particular application. The
programmed controller are only available from the manufacturer of the circuit belonging to it.
Opto couplers
Opto couplers are ICs, which work similar to laser beam switches. They combine in one housing a
light emitting diode and a photo transistor. Their task is the transmission of information without
galvanic connection. They are in a DIL-housing with at least 4 pins.
Relays
Relays are electronic switches, depending on their position the one or other (internal)
connection is closed. The mode of operation of monostable relays can be compared to that of
a push-button switch, i.e. the connection is only closed as long as the voltage is applicated.
Bistable relays keep their status after switching – comparable to a switch.
Relays which combine two switches in one housing are common as well (shortly 2xUM). The
switching between the two connections can be heard clearly because of the resulting clicking
sound.
Modular terminal blocks
Modular terminal blocks are solder-in screw-type terminals. They provide a solder-free and
safe connection of the cables to the circuit, which can still be separated any time.
10 | Assembling the SD-34 kit
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