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2. Microscopic Procedure
I
3
Orthoscopic Observation/Conoscopic Observation
The following provides an explanation of the characteristic observation method of polarizing
microscope~
along with the microscopy procedure. If normal microscopy has not yet been completed. refer to the
previous section I or 2 and complete normal microscopy.
Orthoscopic Observation
• In this method. the specimen is observed with the
polarizer and analyzer placed in the optical path.
•Operation
Pull out the analyzer slider and move the analyzer
into the optical path.
• In this case. the shape of the specimen is visible
(direction of optical axis) and the optical properties
relative to the direction of the thickness of the
specimen can be observed.
Conoscopic Observation
• In this method. in addition to the polarizer and
analyzer. the Bertrand lens is also moved into the
optical path when observing a specimen.
•Operation
Move the analyzer into the optical path. and place the
Bertrand lens turret of the intermediate tube in
position "B" to move the Bertrand lens into the
optical path. (Refer to p.28 for details regarding the
focusing procedure.) Place the P-CL 1/4/.. & tint
plate in the hollow position. Use an objective having
a large numerical aperture (high magnification:
normally 40 or higher).
Analyzer in the optical path
[]]
Analyzer and Bertrand lens
in the optical path
• Specimens can be observed from various angles with diascopic light in the form of a single image.
Differing from orthoscopic observation. however. the shape of the specimen itself is not visible
with this observation.
The settings of each part in orthoscopic microscopy and conoscopic microscopy are summarized below.
Orthoscopic Observation
Conoscopic Observation
Purpose of
To investigate the vibration direction and birefringence
To distinguish between umax1al and biaxial
observation
of observation light by observing the extinction and
properties and observe the optic-axial angle
interference color due to the specimen.
and optical characteristics in minerals.
Top lens of
1 Ox
or higher
IN
the condenser
4x
or lower
OUT
IN
Benrand lens
OUT <Turret position: 0)
IN ITurret position: Bl
Aperture
1 Ox
or higher
70 - 80'k of the numerical aperture
Circumscribed the circumference of the
of the objective
diaphragm
4x
or lower
Fully opened
conoscopic field of view (or fully opened)
Field
1 Ox
or higher
Circumscribed the circumference of
Circumscribed the circumference of the
the eyepiece field of view
diaphragm
4X
or lower
Fully opened
orthoscopic field of view
17
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