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If there is a change in the network topology due to a failure or the removal or
addition of any active components, the active topology also changes. This may
trigger a change in the state of some blocked ports. There are five (5) states that
the ports can be in for spanning tree:
Blocking: A port in this state does not participate in the transmission of
frames, thus preventing duplication arising through multiple paths
existing in the active topology of the bridged LAN.
Listening: A port in this state is preparing to participate in the
transmission of frames. The transmission of frames is temporarily
disabled in order to prevent temporary loops, which may occur in a
bridged LAN during the lifetime of this state as the active topology of
the bridged LAN changes.
Learning: A port in this state is preparing to participate in the
transmission of frames.
Forwarding: A port in this state is participating in the transmission
of frames.
Disabled: A port in this state does not participate in the transmission of
frames or the operation of the spanning tree process.
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