Rohde & Schwarz NRT 1080.9506.02/.62 Operating Manual
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Rohde & Schwarz NRT 1080.9506.02/.62 Operating Manual

Power reflection meter
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Operating Manual
Power Reflection Meter
NRT
1080.9506.02/.62
Printed in the Federal
Republic of Germany
1081.0483.12-09-
Test and Measurement
Division
1

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Summary of Contents for Rohde & Schwarz NRT 1080.9506.02/.62

  • Page 1 Test and Measurement Division Operating Manual Power Reflection Meter 1080.9506.02/.62 Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany 1081.0483.12-09-...
  • Page 3 About this Manual This operating manual is valid for NRT power reflection meters with firmware version 2.21 and sensors NRT-Z43/44 with firmware version 1.38 or higher. If sensors with an earlier firmware version are used the modulation correction (see section 2.4.3) and attenuation correction (see section 2.4.4) are not available.
  • Page 5 Tabbed Divider Overview Tabbed Divider Overview Contents Data Sheet Safety Instructions Certificate of Quality EC-Certificate of Conformity Support Center Address List of R&S Representatives Tabbed Divider Chapter 1: Preparation for Use Chapter 2: Manual Operation Chapter 3: Remote Control Chapter 4: Maintenance and Troubleshooting Chapter 5: Testing the Rated Specifications...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Contents Contents 1 Preparation for Use Front and Rear View (see next two pages) ................1.1 Putting into Operation......................1.1 1.2.1 Unpacking ........................1.1 1.2.2 Setting Up........................1.1 1.2.3 Rackmounting ....................... 1.4 1.2.4 Connection to AC Supply ....................1.4 1.2.5 Power Fuses ......................... 1.5 1.2.6 Power Up........................
  • Page 8 Contents 2.1.6 Enhanced Measurement Accuracy ................2.5 2.1.6.1 Using Frequency Response Correction............2.5 2.1.6.2 Zeroing ......................2.7 2.1.6.3 Increasing the Measurement Accuracy for Modulated Signals ......2.7 2.1.6.4 Selecting Forward Power (FWD) or Absorbed Power (F-R) ......2.8 2.1.6.5 Reference Plane and Cable Losses ..............2.8 2.1.7 Measurement with Several Sensors................
  • Page 9 Contents 2.4.5 DIRECTION (Selection of Forward Power Direction)..........2.36 2.4.6 CALDATA (Entry of Calibration Factors)..............2.37 UTILity Menu ........................2.39 2.5.1 ILLUM (Switching off and on the Backlighting of the Display) ........2.40 2.5.2 SETUP (Recalling and Storing Instrument Settings)........... 2.40 2.5.3 AUTO.OFF (Power-Saving Mode) ................
  • Page 10 Contents 3.4.3 Structure of a Command Line ..................3.9 3.4.4 Responses to Queries....................3.9 3.4.5 Parameters........................3.10 3.4.6 Overview of Syntax Elements..................3.12 Description of Commands....................3.13 3.5.1 Notation ........................3.13 3.5.2 Trigger and Measurement during Remote Control............3.15 3.5.3 Selection of Measurement Channel ................3.17 3.5.4 Common Commands ....................
  • Page 11 Contents 3.7.4.2 Serial Poll......................3.57 3.7.4.3 Parallel Poll..................... 3.57 3.7.4.4 Query by Means of Commands..............3.57 3.7.4.5 Error Queue Query ..................3.57 3.7.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting Systems ............3.58 4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Maintenance........................... 4.1 4.1.1 Cleaning the Outside ..................... 4.1 4.1.2 Replacing the Battery (Option NRT-B3) ................
  • Page 12 Contents 5.2.5 AUX Interface ........................ 5.4 5.2.6 Option NRT-B1......................5.5 5.2.6.1 Sensor Identification ..................5.5 5.2.6.2 Zeroing ......................5.5 5.2.6.3 Power Measurement ..................5.6 5.2..7 Option NRT-B2......................5.6 5.2.8 Option NRT-B3......................5.6 5.2.8.1 Switchover AC Supply/Battery Operation ............5.6 5.2.8.2 Battery Identification ..................5.7 5.2.8.3 Automatic Switch-Off of Charging ..............
  • Page 13 Contents Annex D.4 Switchover to Manual Control ...................D.2 Annex D.5 Reading out Device Settings..................D.3 Annex D.6 Performing a measurement..................D.3 Annex D.7 Command Synchronization..................D.4 Annex D.8 Service Request ......................D.5 Annex E Default Settings Index 1081.0483.12...
  • Page 14 Figures Figures Fig. 1-1 Front view - display........................1.2 Fig. 1-2 Rear view..........................1.3 Fig. 1-3 Replacing the battery......................1.12 Fig. 2-1 Front-panel keys ........................2.10 Fig. 2-2 CONFig menu........................2.16 Fig. 2-3 Envelope parameters with burst signal used as an example ..........2.17 Fig.
  • Page 15 Tables Tables Table 2-1 Setting the video bandwidths for the PEP, CF, and CCDF measurement functions..2.19 Table 3-1 Common Commands ......................3.18 Table 3-2 Device Response to *OPT?....................3.19 Table 3-4 CALCulate subsystem ....................... 3.21 Table 3-5 CALibration system ......................3.22 Table 3-6 CONTrol subsystem ......................
  • Page 17 EC Certificate of Conformity Certificate No.: 960292 This is to certify that: Equipment type Order No. Designation 1080.9506.02/.62 Power Reflection Meter NRT-B1 1081.0902.02 Interface NRT-B2 1081.0702.02 Two rear Input NRT-B3 1081.0502.02 Battery Supply NRT-Z3 1081.2705.02 RS232 Interface Adapter NRT-Z4 1120.5005.02 PCMCIA Interface Adapter NRT-Z43 1081.2905.02/.20...

  • Page 19: Preparation For Use

    Front and Rear View Preparation for Use 1.1 Front and Rear View (see next two pages) 1.2 Putting into Operation The following instructions should be strictly observed, in particular when putting the instrument into operation the first time, to avoid damage to the instrument and hazards to persons.

  • Page 20: Fig. 1-1 Front View - Display

    Front and Rear View POWER REFLECTION METER NRT PORT SENS SENSOR POWER MENU REFLECTION SCALE SCALE CONF CORR LOCAL AUTO AUTO ∆REF ∆ UTIL ON/STBY Fig. 1-1 Front view - display Reflection measurement Power measurement Chapter Chapter Key for selection of unit: W, dBm or 2.2.2 Measured quantity: 2.1.4.1...

  • Page 21: Fig. 1-2 Rear View

    Front and Rear View RS-232-E SENSOR 2 BATTERY 100 ... 240 V 50 ... 60 Hz ( 400 Hz : 100 ... 120 V ) 36 VA AUX TTL SENSOR 0 SENSOR 3 IEC 625 IEEE 488 SCPI F 1 / F 2 IEC 127 - T 2.0 H / 250 V Fig.

  • Page 22: 1.2.3 Rackmounting

    Putting into Operation 1.2.3 Rackmounting The Adapter ZZA-97 (Order No. 0827.4527.00) allows the NRT to be mounted in 19" racks. The NRT may be accommodated in the left or right part of the rack and together with an other instrument of the same size (9.5"...

  • Page 23: 1.2.5 Power Fuses

    Putting into Operation 1.2.5 Power Fuses The NRT is fully fused by two fuses IEC127-T2.0H/250 V. The fuses are accommodated in the pull-out fuse holder below the power connector. Before replacing the fuses, disconnect the power cord from the NRT. Use a screwdriver to lift the fuse holder below the power connector and pull it out. Use only fuses of the above type.

  • Page 24: 1.2.8 Switching Sensor Into Rf Circuit

    Putting into Operation 1.2.8 Switching Sensor into RF Circuit Most of the power sensors for connection to the NRT are for high power ratings. In case of improper connection of the sensor or use of an inappropriate type of sensor considerable power may be set free which may cause damage to the instruments used or even affect the health of the operator.

  • Page 25: 1.3 Installation Of Options

    Putting into Operation If no error messages are displayed during the entire switch-on process, the NRT is ready for operation. If NO SENSOR RESPONSE is indicated, the NRT has not found a sensor. Check in this case for proper connection of the sensor.

  • Page 26: Battery Operation (With Option Nrt-B3)

    Battery Operation 1.4 Battery Operation (with Option NRT-B3) 1.4.1 General The option NRT-B3 allows the NRT to be operated up to 8 hours without AC supply. The option consists of a Ni-MH bat- tery and a quick charge facility. An empty battery can thus be fully charged within about two hours.

  • Page 27: 1.4.3 Manual Start/Stop Of Battery Charging

    Battery Operation 1.4.3 Manual Start/Stop of Battery Charging Charging can be started any time manually or via the remote-control interfaces. It should be carried out whenever the NRT is to be operated without AC supply over a longer period and there is no possibility of recharging the battery during this period.

  • Page 28: 1.4.4 Reducing The Power Consumption

    Battery Operation 1.4.4 Reducing the Power Consumption The power consumption of the NRT is markedly increased by the remote control interfaces, in particular the IEC-bus. Therefore, in the case of battery operation, remote control interfaces not used should be switched off via the UTILity menu: Press menu key.

  • Page 29: 1.4.5 Preselection Of On Period

    Battery Operation 1.4.5 Preselection of ON Period To save further power, the NRT can be configured for automatic switch-off after a certain time in battery mode. The NRT is automatically switched off if within a set period (5 min, 20 min or 2 h) neither a key is pressed nor a remote-control command sent.

  • Page 30: 1.4.7 Replacing The Battery

    Battery Operation 1.4.7 Replacing the Battery In mobile use it may be advisable to take along a charged spare battery to replace the flat one if re- quired. The battery can be replaced without any tools from the rear of the instrument (see Fig. 1-3). To remove the battery, press tightly together the plastic cap and withdraw it with the inserted battery.

  • Page 31: Manual Operation

    Short Introduction Manual Operation Short Introduction The following sections describe how to operate the NRT by way of a few selected examples. The main functions are described in detail together with the control keys. Where no explanations are given, please refer to Section 2.2, Basic Operating Functions, as well as to the description of the menus starting from Section 2.3.

  • Page 32: Measuring The Power

    Short Introduction The default setup is stored in the setup memory under address 0 and can be recalled as described in the following: Press this menu key. UTIL Tf SAVE is underscored, use the cursor key to select RECALL. LOCAL Press input key;...

  • Page 33: Measuring Envelope Parameters (Env)

    Short Introduction The CONFig menu allows the relative readout to be defined in dB or %. To change the current setting, proceed as follows: Press the menu key. CONF Press the cursor key until the submenu ∆KEY is dis- played: Use these keys to select the desired display unit (in the example shown: %).

  • Page 34: Measuring The Reflection

    Short Introduction Complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF): This function provides information about the probability of the peak envelope power exceeding a preset threshold. It is suitable eg for assessing the power distribution of spread-spectrum sig- nals (CDMA or similar). The sensors NRT-Z43/44 provide this function. The video bandwidth can be selected. The desired ENVelope function can be set via the CONFig menu.

  • Page 35: Enhanced Measurement Accuracy

    Short Introduction SCALE The effect of the left key is in exactly the other direction, ie the scale limit is decre- mented by a fixed amount. AUTO SCALE Pressing the two keys simultaneously restores the automatic scaling. It may be nec- essary to repeat this process since the keys may respond shortly one after the other.
  • Page 36 Short Introduction Sensors of type NAP-Z7, NAP-Z8 and NAP-Z42 have a similar response as sensors of type NRT-Z. Since the correction factors are not stored in the sensor but are written down, they have to be first en- tered into the NRT (see Section 2.4.6). The NRT provides the necessary memory space for up to three different sets of calibration data.

  • Page 37: Zeroing

    Short Introduction Pressing the cursor key 4× selects the prefix M for the unit Hz. Press cursor key to select a higher prefix unit. LOCAL Press the input key. The NRT returns to the meas- urement mode and indicates PORT SENS the entered frequency.

  • Page 38: Selecting Forward Power (Fwd) Or Absorbed Power (F-R)

    Short Introduction 2.1.6.4 Selecting Forward Power (FWD) or Absorbed Power (F-R) The NRT offers the possibility of either the forward power (FWD) or the absorbed power (F-R) being indicated in the left half of the display. The absorbed power is the difference between the forward and the reverse power, ie it is identical with the effective power transmitted to the load.

  • Page 39: Measurement With Several Sensors

    Short Introduction 2.1.7 Measurement with Several Sensors The NRT allows simultaneous connection of up to three different sensors of type NRT-Z (connectors 1 to 3) and one NAP sensor. Each sensor is assigned a measurement channel which can be set as desired by the user.

  • Page 40: Basic Operating Functions

    Basic Operating Functions Basic Operating Functions The NRT basic unit allows a variety of sensors to be adapted to diverse measurement tasks. A large number of settings can be made to cover a wide range of applications. To make operation as straightforward as possible, all these settings are menu-controlled via softkeys. The main functions are however directly accessible via hotkeys.

  • Page 41: Operation Via Function Keys

    Basic Operating Functions 2.2.2 Operation via Function Keys The AVG /ENV key is for switching between measurement of the average power (AVG) and a configurable measurement function, the envelope pa- rameter (ENV). See Section 2.3.1. IEC/IEEE command: Example: setting the average function: :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:OFF ".."...

  • Page 42: Scaling Of Bargraphs And Underrange Identification

    Basic Operating Functions 2.2.3 Scaling of Bargraphs and Underrange Identification In the measurement mode, the bargraphs for power and reflection indication appear in the left and right half of the display. With the associated cursor keys of the POWER and REFLECTION keypads, the scale range can be adapted.

  • Page 43: Menu Operation

    Basic Operating Functions 2.2.5 Menu Operation The NRT basic unit provides a large variety of settings. Parameters that are not frequently changed are accessible via three menus. Each menu has its own key: Configuration of measurement function and indication CONFig menu CONF Functions for improving the measurement accuracy CORRection menu...

  • Page 44: Numeric Entries

    Basic Operating Functions Function parameters Function parameters allow certain functions to be carried out, eg testing of display, keys, memory and the status indication for the active sensor. The function is selected in the same way as with a selection parameter. The NRT either returns to the measuring mode by itself, or the function must be termi- nated by a keystroke.

  • Page 45: Menus And Notation

    Basic Operating Functions LOCAL Terminating the entry Terminate the entry of the numeric value with the key. After a correct entry, the editor is deactivated. In the case of a faulty entry the editor remains active and the previous value is indicated again in the editing field.

  • Page 46: Config Menu

    CONFig Menu CONFig Menu To ensure clear and straightforward operation of the instrument, only the main settings are available by direct access keys. Other settings relevant for the measurement task are accessible via the CONFig menu. This includes the configuration of the parameters ENV, α, and RFL via the direct access keys .

  • Page 47: Env Key (Selection Of Envelope Parameters)

    CONFig Menu 2.3.1 ENV KEY (Selection of Envelope Parameters) Usually the sensors connected are able to perform more than one measurement function. The most important function of every sensor is the measurement of the average power (AVG). Other power pa- rameters (examples see Fig.

  • Page 48: Measurement Of Peak Envelope Power

    CONFig Menu Average Burst Sensor AV.BRST ... designates the average power within a burst. It is de- rived by the NRT from the average power and the duty cycle. In a submenu it must be defined whether the duty cycle is to be determined automatically or be derived from the values entered for burst duration and period.

  • Page 49: Crest Factor

    CONFig Menu The table below shows the bandwidths to be set for some common waveforms. Table 2-1 Setting the video bandwidths for the PEP, CF, and CCDF measurement functions Waveform Video bandwidth NRT (f)* NRT-Z43/44 ≤ 4 kHz (0) mod. frequency 1 kHz ≤...

  • Page 50: Average Burst Power

    CONFig Menu 2.3.1.3 Average Burst Power In radiocommunications (TDMA) and radar, etc, the RF is radiated in the form of bursts. In addition to the peak envelope power, it is also of interest to measure the average power during the burst, especially with a modulated envelope (with an unmodulated envelope the two parameters are equal).
  • Page 51 CONFig Menu Automatic Measurement (AUTO) For automatic measurement of the average burst power the video bandwidth (VID.BW) for the rectified signal must be defined. The bandwidths available are sensor-dependent and are diplayed in plain text in the menu as soon as the setting AV.BRST is confirmed in the calling menu. The bandwidths shown in the figure below –...

  • Page 52: Cumulative Distribution Function

    CONFig Menu 2.3.1.4 Cumulative Distribution Function The CCDF function provides information on the amplitude distribution of the envelope, ie on the prob- ability of the actual value of the envelope power lying above a preset threshold (CCDF.REF) . The prob- ability in % is indicated together with the threshold value.

  • Page 53: Power (Configuration Of Power Display)

    CONFig Menu 2.3.2 POWER (Configuration of Power Display) With the CONFig - POWER menu either the forward power (FWD) or the net transmitted power (forward power - reverse power, F-R ) can be displayed. In case of a load with good matching, this makes little difference.

  • Page 54: Maxdisp (Display Of Max Value, Min Value Or Difference)

    CONFig Menu 2.3.4 MAXDISP (display of max value, min value or difference) The NRT is able to store the maximum and minimum values as well as the differences thereof for all measurement functions. Two menus are available for this purpose. Via the CONFig - MAXHOLD menu (see previous section) max/min display can be started.

  • Page 55: Resol (Resolution Of Indication In Display)

    CONFig Menu Entry of lower scale limit CONFig - SCALE - POWER (REFL) - LOWER: Unit: none Preset: IEC/IEEE command: :SENSe<n>:POWer[:POWer]:RANGe:AUTO OFF :SENSe<n>:POWer[:POWer]:RANGe:LOWer 1.8 In remote control mode, the bargraph for reflection indication is scaled with the keyword :REFlection instead of [:POWer]. Entry of upper scale limit: CONFig - SCALE - POWER (REFL) - UPPER:...

  • Page 56: Int.time (Setting The Integration Time)

    CONFig Menu 2.3.7 INT.TIME (Setting the Integration Time) The CONFig - INT.TIME menu allows to set the integration time for the A/D-converters in NRT-Z sen- sors. CONFig - INT.TIME: Selection Description Available USER User-defined entry of the integration time NRT-Z Default integration time (36.7 ms for NRT-Z43/44) NRT-Z Preset:...

  • Page 57: Spec (Special Functions)

    CONFig Menu 2.3.8 SPEC (Special Functions) The CONFig - SPEC menu allows to set the reference value for relative measurements and the SWR alarm mechanism. CONFig - SPEC: Selection Description Available ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ REF Reference value for measurement of relative Always power variations in dB oder % SWR.ALARM...

  • Page 58: Key (Configuration Of Relative Units)

    CONFig Menu Entry of SWR limit value: CONFig - SPEC - SWR.ALARM - MAX SWR: Unit: none Preset: IEC/IEEE command: :SENSe<n>:SWR:LIMit 3.0 Entry of threshold for forward power: CONFig - SPEC - SWR.ALARM - THRESHOLD: Unit: Preset: 100 MW IEC/IEEE command: :SENSe<n>:SWR:THReshold 10W ∆...
  • Page 59 CONFig Menu 2.3.10 RFL KEY (Configuration of Reflection Indication) The CONFig - RFL KEY menu is used to select instead of the standing wave ratio (SWR) another pa- rameter indicating the matching of the load. There is a choice between return loss (RL), reflection coeffi- cient (R.CO) or reverse power (REV.PWR) .

  • Page 60: Correction Menu

    CORRection Menu CORRection Menu The CORRection menu provides functions for reducing the measurement uncertainty. Call up the menu with the CORR key. CORR FREQ* USER for sensors USER* 1.8 GHz NRT-Z USER* SET1 SET2 SET3 for sensors NAP-Z SET3* ... SET1* 470 MHz SET2* ...

  • Page 61: Freq (Frequency Response Correction )

    CORRection Menu 2.4.1 FREQ (Frequency Response Correction ) The accuracy specified for a sensor for power measurement is usually only adhered to if the carrier frequency of the test signal is known to the instrument. Only in this way is it possible to correct the measurement result with the aid of the correction factors stored in the sensor.

  • Page 62: Entry Of Carrier Frequency For Nap Sensors

    CORRection Menu 2.4.1.2 Entry of Carrier Frequency for NAP Sensors For improving the measurement accuracy, the NAP sensors of type NAP-Z7, -Z8 and -Z42 are delivered with frequency-dependent calibration factors so that a frequency response correction is possible for those sensors, too. As the calibration factors are not stored in the sensor but available in printed form, they must be entered in the NRT prior to activating the frequency response correction (see Section 0).

  • Page 63: Modulation (Correction Of Measured Values With Modulated Signals)

    CORRection Menu 2.4.3 MODULATION (correction of measured values with modulated signals) When the power of wide-band modulated signals is measured, the envelope power varies in the rhythm of the modulation. This may cause systematic deviations for all measurement functions ( AVG , PEP , CF , CCDF ).

  • Page 64: Meas.pos (Definition Of Reference Plane)

    CORRection Menu 2.4.4 MEAS.POS (Definition of Reference Plane) In the CORRection - MEAS.POS menu it can be defined whether measurements are to be made at the source or load connection of the sensor. CORRection - MEAS.POS: In case of more stringent requirements on the measurement accuracy the reference plane must be taken into account because the sensor absorbs part of the RF power and therefore causes the signals leaving the sensor to be smaller than the input signals (insertion loss, see Fig.
  • Page 65 CORRection Menu Consideration of cable losses After defining the reference plane the NRT requests the entry of the cable loss (OFFSET) between the sensor and the measurement point actually desired: CORRection - MEAS.POS - LOAD (SOURCE) - OFFSET: Unit: Preset: depends on the sensor used.

  • Page 66: Direction (Selection Of Forward Power Direction)

    CORRection Menu 2.4.5 DIRECTION (Selection of Forward Power Direction) In the CORRection - DIRECTION menu the direction of the forward power can be fixed from port 1 to port 2 ( 1 → 2 ) and vice versa (2 → 1) . The ports 1 and 2 are marked on each directional power sensor. CORRection - DIRECTION: Directional sensors with directional coupler are able to measure the power flow between the two RF connectors from the source to the load and vice versa.

  • Page 67: Caldata (Entry Of Calibration Factors)

    CORRection Menu 2.4.6 CALDATA (Entry of Calibration Factors) The CORRection - CALDATA menu allows the entry of calibration factors for NAP sensors and hence frequency-response-corrected measurements (see Section 2.4.1). Calibration factors define the ratio between uncorrected measured power and true value and are required to increase the measurement accuracy of the Power Sensors NAP-Z7, -Z8 and -Z42.
  • Page 68 CORRection Menu The frequency values have to be entered in ascending order, starting with the lowest frequency. If there are less than 18 frequency reference values, the entry can be terminated after the last value by pressing a key outside the menu field. Unit: for frequency, for calibration factors.

  • Page 69: Utility Menu

    UTILity Menu UTILity Menu The UTILity menu provides various general functions. • Backlighting of the display on/off (ILLUM) , • recall and saving of instrument settings (SETUP) , • power management (AUTO.OFF, BATTERY CHARGE, BATT.TIME, ELAPSED TIME, AFTER CHARGE, BATTERY CHARGE), •...

  • Page 70: Illum (Switching Off And On The Backlighting Of The Display)

    UTILity Menu 2.5.1 ILLUM (Switching off and on the Backlighting of the Display) The backlighting of the NRT's display can be switched off and on via the ILLUM menu: UTILity - ILLUM: Selection Description Available Switch off the backlighting Always Switch on the backlighting Always Preset:...

  • Page 71: Auto.off (Power-Saving Mode)

    UTILity Menu The current instrument setting is stored in a memory using the numeric parameter UTILity - SAVE . The memory is designated by a number 1 to 4. The data contained in the specified memory are overwritten. The preset parameters in memory no. 0 can not be overwritten. UTILity - SETUP - SAVE: Memories: 1 to 4...

  • Page 72: Batt.time (Battery Charging)

    UTILity Menu 2.5.4 BATT.TIME (Battery Charging) The NRT contains two meters one of which registers the battery operating time since the last complete charging of the battery. As a fully charged battery allows to operate the NRT for about 8 hours, this gives an estimate of the remaining battery capacity.

  • Page 73: Battery Charge (Manual Control Of Battery Charging)

    UTILity Menu 2.5.6 BATTERY CHARGE (Manual Control of Battery Charging) The Ni-MH battery provided with the NRT can be charged automatically. Charging may also be started and stopped by the user. Charging is automatically initialized whenever the instrument is connected to the AC supply after at least three hours of battery operation.

  • Page 74: Remote (Remote-Control Settings)

    UTILity Menu 2.5.8 REMOTE (Remote-Control Settings) In the REMOTE menu the remote-control interface that is to be active is selected. Simultaneous opera- tion of the two interfaces is not possible. UTILity - REMOTE: Selection Description Available The IEC/IEEE-bus interface (to IEC 625.1/IEEE 488.2 Always Standard) fitted as standard is activated.

  • Page 75: Aux/Io (Configuration Of In/Out Connector)

    UTILity Menu After the baud rate the handshake mode has to be specified. The handshake mode defines the way in which the instrument signals to its communication partner (eg a PC) that it is ready to receive data. UTILity - REMOTE - RS232 - MODE: Selection Description...

  • Page 76: Configuration As A Monitoring Output: Selection Of Bargraph

    UTILity Menu Control connector: A logic low/high signal is output at this Always connector if the measured power or SWR values are within or out of the range limits defined for the bargraphs. In a submenu either the lefthand (power) or the righthand bar- graph (SWR) can be selected and the response exactly defined.

  • Page 77: Selection Of Output Level For Swr Alarm

    UTILity Menu Selection Description Available If the measured value exceeds the upper scale limit, a high Always HIGH signal ( > 3 V) will be output. INBND If the measured value is within the two scale limits, a high Always signal ( >...
  • Page 78 UTILity Menu 2.5.10 SHOW (Display of Correction Frequency and/or Cable Loss) The UTILity - SHOW menu allows the configuration of the small central readout for displaying the pa- rameters correction frequency (section 2.4.1) and/or cable loss (section 2.4.4): UTILity - SHOW: Selection Description Available...
  • Page 79 UTILity Menu Memory test: Always All three memories available in the NRT are successively tested: flash EPROM, RAM and FRAM. The test covers addressing errors and faulty memory locations. Sensor test:The status of the active sensor is queried. SENS Always First an identification string for the connected sensor is displayed, e.g.: NRT-Z44 V 1.40...
  • Page 80 UTILity Menu 2.5.13 KEYBOARD LOCK (Locking the Keyboard) This function enables the user to lock the entire keyboard including the ON/STBY key. This feature is helpful, for example, if you wish to protect a defined NRT setting against unauthorized access. UTILity - KEYBOARD LOCK Selection Description...

  • Page 81: Remote Control

    Brief Instructions Remote Control Introduction The instrument is equipped with an IEC/IEEE-bus interface according to standard IEC 625.1/IEEE 488.1 and a RS-232 interface. The connectors are located at the rear of the instrument and permit to connect a controller for remote control. The instrument supports the SCPI version 1994.0 (Standard Commands for Programmable Instru- ments).

  • Page 82: Rs-232 Interface

    Brief Instructions Activate relative units for forward CALL IBWRT(sensor%, ":UNIT<n>:POW:REL:STAT ON") measured values CALL IBWRT(sensor%, ":UNIT<n>:POW:REL PCT") Set relative units to % CALL IBWRT(sensor%, "*TRG") Trigger CALL IBRD(sensor%,measured_value) Read measurement result The instrument measures the average forward power of a signal and displays the deviation relative to the reference value in units of percent.

  • Page 83: Switchover To Remote Control

    Switchover to Remote Control Switchover to Remote Control On power-on, the instrument is always in the manual operating state ("LOCAL" state) and can be oper- ated via the front panel controls. For remote control, the desired interface (IEC/IEEE-bus or RS-232) must be first selected and configured via the UTILity –...

  • Page 84: Return To Manual Operation

    Switchover to Remote Control 3.2.1.3 Return to Manual Operation Return to manual operation is possible via the front panel or the IEC bus. LOCAL ½ Press the Manually: key. Notes: – Before switchover, command processing must be completed as otherwise switchover to remote control is effected immediately.

  • Page 85: Return To Manual Operation

    Messages 3.2.2.3 Return to Manual Operation Return to manual operation is possible via the front panel. LOCAL ½ Press the key. Note: Before switchover, command processing must be completed as otherwise switchover to remote control is effected immediately. Messages The messages transferred via the data lines of the IEC bus (see annex A) can be divided into two groups: interface messages device messages...

  • Page 86: Structure And Syntax Of The Device Messages

    Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages Queries cause data to be provided for output on the IEC/IEEE- bus, e.g. for identification of the device or polling the active input. 2. According to their definition in standard IEEE 488.2: Common Commands are exactly defined as to their function and notation in standard IEEE 488.2.

  • Page 87: Fig. 3-1 Example For The Tree Structure Of The Scpi Command Systems: The Sense System

    Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages Common Commands Common (=device-independent) commands consist of a header preceded by an asterisk "*" and eventually one or several parameters. Examples : *RST RESET, resets the instrument. *ESE 253 EVENT STATUS ENABLE, sets the bits of the event status enable registers.
  • Page 88 Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages Example: :SENSe1:SWR:LIMit 20.0 This command contains the key word LIMit in the third command level. The com- mand defines the acoustic monitoring of the standing wave ratio (SWR). :SENSe1:POWer:POWer:RANGe:LIMit:STATe ON This command contains the key word LIMit in the fifth command level. It switches on the control function for the power indication.

  • Page 89: Structure Of A Command Line

    Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages 3.4.3 Structure of a Command Line A command line may consist of one or several commands. It is terminated by a <New Line>, a <New Line> with EOI or an EOI together with the last data byte. Quick BASIC automatically produces an EOI together with the last data byte.

  • Page 90: Parameters

    Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages 4. Boolean values are returned as 0 (for OFF) and 1 (for ON). Example: Response: 1 :SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe? 5. Text (character data) is returned in a short form (see also Section 3.4.5,"Parameter"). Example: Response: DBM :UNIT2:POWer? 3.4.5 Parameters...
  • Page 91 Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages Boolean Parameters Boolean parameters represent two states. The ON state (logically true) is rep- resented by ON or a numerical value unequal to 0. The OFF state (logically untrue) is represented by OFF or the numerical value 0. 0 or 1 is provided in a query.

  • Page 92: Overview Of Syntax Elements

    Structure and Syntax of the Device Messages 3.4.6 Overview of Syntax Elements The colon separates the key words of a command. In a command line the separating semicolon marks the uppermost command level. The semicolon separates two commands of a command line. It does not alter the path.

  • Page 93: Description Of Commands

    Description of Commands Description of Commands 3.5.1 Notation In the following sections, all commands implemented in the instrument are first listed in tables and then described in detail, separated according to the command systems. The notation corresponds to the one of the SCPI standards to a large extent.
  • Page 94 Description of Commands Special characters A selection of key words with identical effect exists for several commands. These key words are indicated in the same line, they are separated by a vertical stroke. Only one of these key words has to be specified in the header of the command.

  • Page 95: Trigger And Measurement During Remote Control

    Description of Commands 3.5.2 Trigger and Measurement during Remote Control The NRT provides the trigger modes external trigger and freerun mode. The external trigger mode (:TRIG:SOUR EXT) is set by the NRT as a default mode for remote control upon each switchover from local to remote operation. In this mode the measurement can be triggered by an external signal only.
  • Page 96 Description of Commands Programming example for external triggering via the AUX TTL-connector: ′**************************************************************************** ′Initialize the SRQ ′**************************************************************************** ′Reset Status Reporting CALL IBWRT(sensor%, "*CLS") ′Enable SRQ for STAT:OPER CALL IBWRT(sensor%, "*SRE 128") ′Enable SRQ at NRT with CALL IBWRT(sensor%, "*ESE 61") ′Event-Enable-Bit ′Activate MEASuring-Operation- CALL IBWRT(sensor%, "STAT:OPER:ENAB 16")

  • Page 97: Selection Of Measurement Channel

    Description of Commands In the freerun mode (:TRIG:SOUR INT) measurements are performed continuously. In this operating mode, the last measured result can be queried with the command SENS<n>:DATA?. In this case the time when the response arrives and the time of the measurement are not correlated. In the freerun mode the trigger commands *TRG, READ? and TRIG may be used as well.

  • Page 98: Common Commands

    Common Commands 3.5.4 Common Commands The common commands are taken from the IEEE 488.2 (IEC 625-2) standard. They have the same effect on all devices. The headers of these commands consist of an asterisk "*" followed by three let- ters. Many common commands refer to the status reporting system which is described in detail in Sec- tion 3.7.

  • Page 99: Table 3-2 Device Response To *Opt

    Common Commands *CLS CLEAR STATUS sets the status byte (STB), the standard event register (ESR) and the EVENt-part of the QUEStionable and the OPERation register to zero. The command does not alter the mask and transition parts of the registers. It clears the output buffer *ESE 0 to 255 EVENT STATUS ENABLE sets the event status enable register to the value indicated.

  • Page 100: Measurement Instructions

    Measurement Instructions *PSC 0 | 1 POWER ON STATUS CLEAR determines whether the contents of the ENABle registers is maintained or reset in switching on. *PSC 0 causes the contents of the status registers to be maintained. Thus a service request can be triggered in switching on in the case of a corresponding configuration of status registers ESE and SRE.

  • Page 101: Calculate Subsystem

    CALCulate Subsystem 3.5.6 CALCulate Subsystem The CALCulate subsystem provides the commands for determining the min/max values. All settings refer to the sensor addressed (suffix <n>, see Section 3.5.1). Table 3-4 CALCulate subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :CALCulate<n> :LIMit [:STATe] ON | OFF :TYPE MINimum | MAXimum | DIFFerence <n>...

  • Page 102: Table 3-5 Calibration System

    CALibration Subsystem 3.5.7 CALibration Subsystem The CALibration subsystem contains the command for zeroing and all commands for frequency re- sponse correction of NAP power sensors. Table 3-5 CALibration system Command Parameter Unit Notes :CALibration<n> :ZERO No query :CALibration0 :STATe<m> ON | OFF :FREQuency<m>...

  • Page 103: Calibration Subsystem

    CALibration Subsystem :CALibration0:STATe<m> ON | OFF This command activates the relevant calibration data set (ON) for the frequency response correction. The command must be sent to the NRT prior to the entry of the test frequency (see Section 2.4.1.2, Entry of Carrier Frequency for NAP Sensors). Only one calibration data set shall be active, all others must be switched off (OFF).

  • Page 104: Control Subsystem

    CONTrol Subsystem 3.5.8 CONTrol Subsystem The CONTrol subsystem controls battery charging and configures and activates the power saving func- tion. For all commands of this subsystem the option NRT-B3 is required. Table 3-6 CONTrol subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :CONTrol Only with option NRT-B3 :POWer :BATTery...

  • Page 105: Diagnostic Subsystem

    DIAGnostic Subsystem 3.5.9 DIAGnostic Subsystem The DIAGnostic subsystem generally contains commands providing information on the operating state of the system. The count of the elapsed-time meter can be output on the NRT. Table 3-7 DIAGnostic subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :DIAGnostic :INFO :OTIMe?

  • Page 106: 10Input Subsystem

    INPut Subsystem 3.5.10 INPut Subsystem The INPut subsystem contains all commands for defining the reference plane and the forward direction for directional power sensors. All other settings referring to the measurement task are made in the SENSe subsystem. The INPUT subsystem is only available for direction sensors with directional coupler. The sensor is selected by defining the numeric suffix <n>.
  • Page 107 INPut Subsystem :INPut<n>:PORT:SOURce:AUTO ON | OFF This command switches the automatic assignment of the forward direction on or off. • With automatic assignment of the forward direction, the direction in which the greater power flows is taken as the forward direction. •...

  • Page 108: 11Sense Subsystem

    SENSe Subsystem 3.5.11 SENSe Subsystem The SENSe subsystem provides all important commands for the configuration of the measurement (eg test frequency, video bandwidth and reference power) and setting of the measurement function (eg average forward power or SWR). Further command in the SENSe subsystem refer to the settings of the bargraphs and the configuration of SWR monitoring.
  • Page 109 SENSe Subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes [:ON] <Measurement Function>: See command description "POWer:CFACtor", sensor-dependent "POWer:FORWard:AVERage", "POWer:FORWard:AVERage:BURSt", "POWer:FORWard:PEP", sensor-dependent "POWer:FORWard:CCDFunction", sensor-dependent "POWer:ABSorption:AVERage", sensor-dependent "POWer:ABSorption:AVERage:BURSt" sensor-dependent "POWer:ABSorption:PEP", sensor-dependent "POWer:REVerse", sensor-dependent "POWer:S11 | POWer:REFLection" sensor-dependent :STATe? <Measurement Function> Query only See command description DATA? [[SENSe:]<Measurement Function>...
  • Page 110 SENSe Subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :LIMit 1 to 100 | MINimum | MAXimum | DEFault :THReshold 0..100E6 W | –200 dBm..+200 dBm | MINimum | MAXimum | DEFault :SIGNAL NONE | BEEPer | TTLSignal | BOTH :SIGNAL[:TTLSignal]:LEVel LOW | HIGH :SENSe<n>:BANDwidth | BWIDth:VIDeo:FNUMber <f>...
  • Page 111 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:DM This node provides the commands for correction of the measurement value for modulated signals (see Section 2.4.3). :SENSe<n>:DM:STATe ON | OFF This command switches the correction of the measurement value for modulated signals on or off. Selection of a communication standard (see below) is enabled only if the correction is switched Example: :SENS1:DM:STAT ON *RST value: OFF...
  • Page 112 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:OFF <Measurement Function> This command switches off a specified measurement function. If the command is in the form of a query, the headers of all switched-off measurement functions will be returned in the sequence defined under [SENS<n>:]FUNC:ON. The command is a function call or query and therefore has no *RST value. Example: :SENS2:FUNC:OFF "POW:REV"...
  • Page 113 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:STATe? <Measurement Function> This command returns the status of the measurement function: Response 0: measurement function switched off, Response 1: measurement function switched on. All functions defined under :SENS<n>:FUNC:ON are available as measurement functions. The command is a query and therefore has no *RST value. Example: :SENS2:FUNC:STAT? "POW:REV"...
  • Page 114 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:POWer:REFerence 0..100E6 W | -200..+200dBm | MINimum | MAXimum This command enters the reference values (in W or dBm) for the relative power indication (in %, dB, or dBm), see Section 2.3.8.1). Units: Watt or dBm. Example: *RST value: 1W :SENS1:POW:REF 10W :SENSe<n>:POWer:CCDFunction:REFerence 0 to 100E6 W | -200 to +200 dBm | MINimum | MAXimum...
  • Page 115 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:POWer[:POWer]:RANGe:LOWer -1999.0 to +1999.0 | MINimum | MAXimum | DEFault This command defines the lower scale limit for the lefthand bargraph (power indication). Since the entry is made without unit, the following should be observed: • The selected unit is decisive for the absolute value of the scale limit. •...
  • Page 116 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:POWer:REFLection:RANGe:LIMit:DETect INBound | OUTBound | HIGH This command defines the conditions for a logic high level (> 2.7 V) being output at the AUX T T L connector if this connector has been defined as a monitoring output for the reflection indication (eg with the command POWer:REFL:RANGe:LIMit ON).
  • Page 117 SENSe Subsystem :SENSe<n>:SWR:LIMit 1 to 100 | MINimum | MAXimum | DEFault This command sets the limit value for the SWR at which an alarm is triggered. For an alarm sig- nal to be output the forward power must also exceed a preset threshold (THReshold - see fol- lowing command).
  • Page 118 STATus Subsystem 3.5.12 STATus Subsystem This subsystem contains the commands for the Status Reporting System (see Section 3.7). A reset of the instrument (*RST) has no effect on the status registers. Table 3-10 STATus subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :STATus OPERation Query only [:EVENt]?
  • Page 119 STATus Subsystem :STATus:OPERation:ENABle 0 to 32767 This command sets the bits of the ENABle register. This register selects and enables the individ- ual events of the associated status event register for the summary bit in the status byte. Example: :STAT:OPER:ENAB 1 :STATus:PRESet This command resets the transition filters and ENABle registers of all registers to a defined value.

  • Page 120: Table 3-11 System Subsystem

    SYSTem Subsystem 3.5.13 SYSTem Subsystem This subsystem provides a number of commands for general functions, which are not directly related to the measurement functions. Table 3-11 SYSTem subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :BEEPer :STATe ON | OFF :COMMunicate :GPIB [:SELF] :ADDRess 0 to 30 :SERial...
  • Page 121 SYSTem Subsystem :SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial This node provides the commands for checking the serial remote-control interface. The interface is factory-set to 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit. These settings cannot be changed. Regard- ing the serial interface, the instrument is a DTE (data terminal equipment). The connection to the controller must therefore be established via a modem bypass cable.

  • Page 122: Table 3-12 Test Subsystem

    TEST Subsystem 3.5.14 TEST Subsystem This subsystem provides selftest functions for the NRT basic unit. Moreover it directly transfers unfil- tered setting commands to the sensor. The NRT serves as a transfer unit. Table 3-12 TEST subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :TEST ROM?
  • Page 123 TEST Subsystem :TEST:DIRect[?] "Sensor command" This command is used for transferring direct setting commands to the active sensor. The setting commands are contained in the sensor manual. With a ? appended, the command returns the re- sponse of the sensor to the transferred command. This command has no *RST value. Example: :TEST:DIR "sensor command"...

  • Page 124: Table 3-13 Trigger Subsystem

    TRIGger Subsystem 3.5.15 TRIGger Subsystem The TRIGger subsystem synchronizes device actions and measurements with certain defined events. Moreover the subsystem sends a cyclical record of the measurement results to an external device and thus provides logging of a complete measurement sequence. Table 3-13 TRIGger subsystem Command...

  • Page 125: Table 3-14 Unit Subsystem

    UNIT Subsystem 3.5.16 UNIT Subsystem The UNIT subsystem defines the units for the power and reflection indication in the selected measure- ment channel (suffix <n>). Table 3-14 UNIT subsystem Command Parameter Unit Notes :UNIT<n> :POWer W | DBM :RELative PCT | DB :STATe ON | OFF :REFLection...
  • Page 126 UNIT Subsystem :UNIT<n>:POWer:REFLection RCO | RTL | SWR | RFR This command defines the matching of the load being measured as standing wave ratio, return loss, reflection coefficient, or power ratio R/F (in percent). standing wave ratio (1 to ∞; without unit) return loss (in dB) reflection coefficient (0 to 1;...

  • Page 127: Instrument Model And Command Processing

    Instrument Model and Command Processing Instrument Model and Command Processing The block diagram in figure Fig. 3-2 shows how IEC/IEEE-bus commands are serviced in the instru- ment. The individual components work independently and simultaneously. They communicate with each other by means of so-called "messages". Input unit with IEC bus input buffer...

  • Page 128: Command Recognition

    Instrument Model and Command Processing 3.6.2 Command Recognition The command recognition analyses the data received from the input unit. It proceeds in the order in which it receives the data. Only a DCL is serviced with priority, a GET (Group Execute Trigger), e.g., is only executed after the commands received before.

  • Page 129: Output Unit

    Instrument Model and Command Processing 3.6.5 Output Unit The output unit collects the information requested by the controller, which it receives from the data set management. It processes it according to the SCPI rules and makes it available in the output buffer. If the information requested is longer, it is made available "in portions"...

  • Page 130: Status Reporting System

    Status Reporting System Status Reporting System The status reporting system (cf. Fig. 3-4) stores all information on the present operating state of the instrument, e.g. that the instrument presently carries out an AUTORANGE and on errors which have occurred. This information is stored in the status registers and in the error queue. The status registers and the error queue can be queried via IEC bus.
  • Page 131 Status Reporting System CONDition part The CONDition part is directly written into by the hardware or the sum bit of the next lower register. Its contents reflects the current instrument status. This register part can only be read, but not written into or cleared. Its contents is not affected by reading.

  • Page 132: Overview Of The Status Registers

    Status Reporting System 3.7.2 Overview of the Status Registers -&- not used -&- vacant vacant -&- -&- vacant -&- vacant vacant -&- -&- CALCulating -&- BOPerating vacant -&- vacant -&- W aiting for Trigger -&- MEASuring -&- vacant -&- vacant -&- -&- SETTing...

  • Page 133: Description Of The Status Registers

    Status Reporting System 3.7.3 Description of the Status Registers 3.7.3.1 Status Byte (STB) and Service Request Enable Register (SRE) The STB is already defined in IEEE 488.2. It provides a rough overview of the instrument status by col- lecting the pieces of information of the lower registers. It can thus be compared with the CONDition part of an SCPI register and assumes the highest level within the SCPI hierarchy.

  • Page 134: Ist Flag And Parallel Poll Enable Register (Ppe)

    Status Reporting System 3.7.3.2 IST Flag and Parallel Poll Enable Register (PPE) By analogy with the SRQ, the IST flag combines the entire status information in a single bit. It can be queried by means of a parallel poll (cf. Section 3.7.4.3, "Parallel Poll") or using the command "*IST?". The parallel poll enable register (PPE) determines which bits of the STB contribute to the IST flag.

  • Page 135: Status:operation Register

    Status Reporting System 3.7.3.4 STATus:OPERation Register In the CONDition part, this register contains information on which actions the instrument is being exe- cuting or, in the EVENt part, information on which actions the instrument has executed since the last reading. It can be read using one of the commands "STATus:OPERation:CONDition?" or "STATus:OPERation [:EVENt]?"...

  • Page 136: Application Of The Status Reporting Systems

    Status Reporting System Bit-No. Meaning SERRor This bit is set when the sensor signals an exceptional situation. Example: The sensor is operated outside its allowed temperature range. ABURst This bit is set in the case of conflicting burst parameters (the burst period set is smaller than the burst width). The NRT then returns measured results corresponding to the unmodulated signal.

  • Page 137: Serial Poll

    Status Reporting System 3.7.4.2 Serial Poll In a serial poll, just as upon the command "*STB", the status byte of an instrument is queried. However, the query is made via interface messages and is thus clearly faster. The serial-poll method has already been defined in IEEE 488.1 and used to be the only standard possibility for different instruments to poll the status byte.

  • Page 138: Reset Values Of The Status Reporting Systems

    Status Reporting System 3.7.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting Systems Table 3-20 comprises the different commands and events causing the status reporting system to be reset. None of the commands, except for *RST and SYSTem:PRESet influences the functional instru- ment settings.

  • Page 139: Maintenance And Troubleshooting

    Maintenance Maintenance and Troubleshooting Maintenance Under normal operating conditions, no regular maintenance is required except for occasional cleaning of the front panel and replacement of the battery (option NRT-B3). 4.1.1 Cleaning the Outside For cleaning the outside of the instrument it is recommended to use a soft, lint-free cloth and a non-a- lcoholic solvent, eg a commercial detergent.

  • Page 140: Storage

    Maintenance Note: To replace the battery, the instrument need not be opened. The battery is acces- sible from the rear panel (see Fig. 4-1, Rear view). Caution: Avoid short-circuiting of the metal contacts of the battery under all circum- stances. Only use type NRT-Z1 (ENERGY+ DR30AA) batteries. Press together the plastic cap and withdraw the battery.

  • Page 141: Firmware Update

    Firmware Update Firmware Update 4.2.1 Loading New Firmware into Basic Unit Like for many instruments nowadays, a firmware update can also be made for the NRT basic unit via the serial interface. Since it is not necessary to replace an EPROM, the instrument need not be opened. The NRT is fitted with an RS-232 interface as standard.
  • Page 142 Firmware Update Loading new firmware into the NRT: As a prerequisite the flashup software must have been installed on the PC as described above. Then proceed as follows: ½ Switch off the NRT basic unit. ½ Connect PC and NRT using the null modem cable. ½...
  • Page 143 Firmware Update The following messages from FLASHPRO are displayed during programming: 5 6 )/$6+352 %DWFKPRGH 9  ®²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²² QUWFQI ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²  Ÿ ([HFXWLQJ FRPSOHWH SURJUDPPLQJ SURFHGXUH Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ 7DVN )LOH 6WDUWDGU /HQJWK 3URJUHVV Ÿ Ÿ  Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ...
  • Page 144 Firmware Update 5 6 )/$6+352 %DWFKPRGH 9  ®²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²² QUWFQI ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²  Ÿ ([HFXWLQJ FRPSOHWH SURJUDPPLQJ SURFHGXUH Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ 7DVN )LOH 6WDUWDGU /HQJWK 3URJUHVV Ÿ Ÿ  Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ %RRWVWUDS Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ 7UDQVIHU 157B75$%,1   Ÿ...
  • Page 145 Firmware Update Possible errors: Errors may occur, • if the null modem cable has been improperly connected, not properly fixed or disconnected during the update, • if the power supply has been interrupted or one of the two instruments switched off, •...

  • Page 146: 4.3 Functional Test

    Functional Test 4.3 Functional Test The NRT can be checked for proper functioning in line with Section 5.2, Test Procedure. Troubleshooting Most of the functional faults become apparent through obvious signs or are automatically detected by the NRT itself. Selftests are carried out automatically on power up of the NRT, replacement of the sensor and cyclically during normal measurement mode.
  • Page 147 Troubleshooting Fault upon connecting a NAP sensor to option NRT-B1: Fault description Cause Faulty module No response on instrument Displayed message: NO SENSOR RESPONSE Sensor interface or sensor faulty Mainboard, Option NRT-B1 "SENS WARN" message on display Malfunction in option NRT-B1 Option NRT-B1 Fault upon connecting a NRT sensor Fault description...

  • Page 148: Installation And Removal Of Modules

    Installation and Removal of Modules Installation and Removal of Modules 4.5.1 Opening the Instrument Caution: Prior to opening the case, switch off the instrument and discon- nect the power pug. Remove the battery from NRT model with option NRT-B3. Hood, top Rear foot Hood, bottom Fig.

  • Page 149: Option Nrt-B1

    Installation and Removal of Modules Closing ½ Proceed in reverse order to close the instrument. Press the two covers to- strument: gether when screwing on the rear-panel feet. Attention: Make sure that the braided cord is correctly fitted into the grooves of the case. 4.5.2 Option NRT-B1 Installation:...

  • Page 150: Option Nrt-B3

    Installation and Removal of Modules 4.5.4 Option NRT-B3 ½ Open the instrument (Section 4.5.1). Installation: ½ Cut out the cover plate on the rear panel using small side-cutting pliers. Make sure that the four bars are not protruding (see Fig. 4-4). ½...

  • Page 151: Power Supply

    Installation and Removal of Modules 4.5.5 Power Supply Removal: ½ Open the instrument (Section 4.5.1). ½ Disconnect cable from connector X41 to X44 on Mainboard and disconnect power plug. ½ Undo the two Phillips screws on power supply case and remove module (Fig. 4-6).

  • Page 152: Display Board

    Installation and Removal of Modules 4.5.6 Display Board Removal: ½ Open the instrument (Section 4.5.1). ½ Remove plastic cover strip on top of the front frame (lift at the edge with a screwdriver and pull off with caution). ½ Remove the 4 Phillips screws on the front panel and the two Phillips screws in the middle of the top and bottom sections of the front frame (Fig.

  • Page 153: Checking The Rated Specifications

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5 Checking the Rated Specifications Measuring Equipment and Accessories Table 5-1 Measuring equipment and accessories Ref. Designation Required specifications Suitable type R & S Use see Order Numbers Section Power meter Compatible with terminating NRVD 0857.8008.02 5.1.1 power sensor (Ref.

  • Page 154: Test Setup For Checking The Option Nrt-B1

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.1.1 Test Setup for Checking the Option NRT-B1 Test setup: Meßsender Leistungs- NRV-Z54 Leistungsmesser NAP-Z.. verstärker (SMGL) (NRVD) Oberwellen- filter NRT + NRT-B1 Test Procedure After power up the NRT checks all sensor interfaces for sensors being connected and all options. If a fault is detected, an error message or warning is displayed.

  • Page 155: Keypad Test

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.2.2.2 Keypad Test ½ Select the function parameter KEY in the UTIL - TEST menu. Preparation: ½ Press all keys, except for the ON/STBY key, successively. Test: The designation of each key pressed should be shown on the display. The test is completed if one and the same key is pressed twice.

  • Page 156: Rs232 Interface

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.2.3.2 RS232 Interface ½ Connect the RS232 interfaces of the NRT and the controller via modem bypass Preparation: cable. ½ Select on the NRT in the UTIL - REMOTE menu the serial RS232-interface, set the transfer rate to 9600 baud and select XON/XOFF handshake mode. ½...

  • Page 157: Option Nrt-B1

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.2.6 Option NRT-B1 The option NRT-B1 is checked in conjunction with the NAP sensors (see Table 5-1, Ref. No. 6). The power measurement range and the signal weighting are sensor-specific. Before the measurements are started the sensor used should be warmed-up for at least 5 minutes. The tolerances specified in the test report (Table 5-2) already contain all measurement uncertainties of the test setup.

  • Page 158: Power Measurement

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.2.6.3 Power Measurement ½ Adjust signal generator (usually approx. 100 MHz; 30 MHz for NAP-Z7,-Z8; CW) Preparation: so that the measured power on the reference power meter is approx. 10 W (ap- prox. 1 W for NAP-Z9). Test: ½...

  • Page 159: Battery Identification

    Checking the Rated Specifications 5.2.8.2 Battery Identification ½ Remove battery. Preparation: ½ Connect the power cord and wait for completion of the switch-on process. ½ Plug in the battery. Test: The charging symbol appears on the display. 5.2.8.3 Automatic Switch-Off of Charging ½...

  • Page 160: Test Report

    Checking the Rated Specifications Test Report ROHDE & SCHWARZ Power Reflection Meter NRT 1080.9506.02 Serial No.: Responsible: Date: Signature: Table 5-2 Test report Ref. Measured Function acc. to Min. Actual Max. Unit Section Switch-on process 5.2.1 ------ ------ ------ Display test 5.2.2.1 ------ ------...

  • Page 161: Annex A Interfaces

    IEC/IEEE Bus Interface Annex A Interfaces Annex A.1 IEC/IEEE Bus Interface The standard instrument is equipped with an IEC/IEEE-bus connection. The IEEE 488 interface connector is located on the rear panel of the instrument. A controller for remote control can be connected via the IEEE 488 interface using a shielded cable.

  • Page 162: Annex A.1.3 Interface Functions

    IEC/IEEE Bus Interface 2. Control bus with 5 lines IFC (Interface Clear), active LOW resets the interfaces of the instruments connected to the default setting. ATN (Attention), active LOW signals the transmission of interface messages inactive HIGH signals the transmission of device messages. SRQ (Service Request), active LOW enables the connected device to send a service request to the controller.

  • Page 163: Annex A.1.4 Interface Messages

    IEC/IEEE Bus Interface Annex A.1.4 Interface Messages Interface messages are transmitted to the instrument on the data lines, with the attention line being active (LOW). They serve to communicate between controller and instrument. Universal Commands Universal commands are encoded in the range 10 through 1F hex. They are effective for all instruments connected to the bus without pervious addressing.

  • Page 164: Annex A.2 Rs-232-C Interface

    RS-232-C Interface Annex A.2 RS-232-C Interface The standard instrument is equipped with an RS-232-C interface. The 9-pin connector is located on the rear panel. A controller can be connected via this interface for remote control. Annex A.2.1 Interface characteristics é Serial data transmission in asynchronous mode, é...
  • Page 165 RS-232-C Interface Annex A.2.3 Transmission parameters In order to ensure error-free and correct data transmission, the parameters of the instrument and the controller must be set identically. The parameters are defined in the UTILITIES-SYSTEM-RS232 menu. Transmission rate Four different baud rates can be set in the instrument: (baud rate) 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600.

  • Page 166: Fig. A-3 Null Modem Connection Scheme

    RS-232-C Interface Annex A.2.5 Handshake Software handshake The standard NRT supports the XON/XOFF software handshake. Hardware handshake In case of a hardware handshake, the instrument signals that it is ready for reception via line DTR and RTS. A logic ’0’ means "ready" and a ’1’ means "not ready". The CTS or DSR lines (see signal lines) tell the instrument whether the controller is ready for reception or not.

  • Page 167: Annex B List Of Error Messages

    SCPI-Specific Error Messages Annex B List of Error Messages The following list contains all error messages for errors occurring in the instrument. The meaning of negative error codes is defined in SCPI, positive error codes mark errors specific of the instrument. The table contains the error code in the left-hand column.
  • Page 168 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Command Errors (contd.): Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Missing parameter -109 The command contains too few parameters. Example: Command :SENSe<n>:POWer:REFerence requires input of a power. Command header error -110 The header of the command is faulty. Header separator error -111 The header contains an illegal separator.
  • Page 169 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Command Errors (contd.): Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Character data too long -144 The text parameter contains more than 12 characters. Character data not allowed -148 The text parameter is not allowed for this command or at this position of the command. Example: Command *RCL requires a number to be specified.
  • Page 170 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Execution Error - Error in executing the command; sets bit 4 in the ESR register Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Execution error -200 Error on execution of the command. Invalid while in local -201 The command is not executable while the device is in local due to a hard local control.
  • Page 171 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Execution Errors (contd.) Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Data corrupt or stale -230 The data are incomplete or invalid. Example: The instrument has aborted a measurement. Data questionable -231 The measurement accuracy is suspect. Hardware error -240 The command cannot be executed due to problems with the instrument hardware.
  • Page 172 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Execution Errors (contd.) Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Macro error -270 Error on executing a macro. Macro syntax error -271 The macro definition contains a syntax error. Macro execution error -272 The macro definition contains an error.
  • Page 173 SCPI-Specific Error Messages Device Specific Error - sets bit 3 in the ESR register. Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation Device-specific error -300 NRT-specific error not defined in more detail. System error -310 This error message suggests a device-dependent error. Please inform the R&S Service. Memory error -311 Error in the device’s memory.

  • Page 174: Annex B.2 Nrt-Specific Error Messages

    NRT-Specific Error Messages Annex B.2 NRT-Specific Error Messages Device-dependent Error - device-specific error; sets bit 3 in the ESR register. Error code Error text in the case of queue poll Error explanation SWR overrange The SWR limit control signals that the SWR is beyond the limit value allowed. Out of Range The domain control signals the signal is outside the allowed range.

  • Page 175: Annex C

    List of Commands with SCPI Conformity Information Annex C List of Commands Annex C.1 List of Commands with SCPI Conformity Information The NRT supports SCPI version 1995.0. For remote control, commands which were specified or recognized in this SCPI version have been used to a large extent.
  • Page 176 List of Commands with SCPI Conformity Information Command Parameters SCPI Info Page :SENSe<n>:FREQuency[:CW|:FIXED] 0..200GHz | MINimum | MAXimum | 3.31 DEFault :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:CONCurrent ON | OFF 3.31 :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:OFF <Measurement Function> 3.32 :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:OFF:ALL<m> – 3.32 :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion:STATe? <Measurement Function> 3.33 :SENSe<n>:FUNCtion[:ON] <Measurement Function> 3.32 :SENSe<n>:INFormation? –...
  • Page 177 List of Commands with SCPI Conformity Information Command Parameters SCPI Info Page :STATus:PRESet – 3.39 :STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? – 3.39 :STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle 0..32767 3.39 :STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition 0..32767 3.39 :STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition 0..32767 3.39 :STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? – 3.39 :STATus:QUEue[:NEXT]? – 3.39 :SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe ON | OFF 3.40 :SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB[:SELF]:ADDRess 0..31 3.40 :SYSTem:COMMunicate:SERial:CONTrol:RTS OFF | IBFull | RTS...

  • Page 179: Annex D

    Programming Examples Annex D Programming Examples The following examples explain how to programme the instrument and can serve as a basis to solve more complex programming tasks. QuickBASIC was used as programming language. However, the programs can be translated into other languages.

  • Page 180: Annex D.2.3 Initialize The Instrument

    Programming Examples i% = INSTR(temp$, CHR$(&HA)) ’Search NL read$ = LEFT$(temp$, i% - 1) ’and discard the rest. END SUB REM -------------------------- Output on IEC-bus --------------------------------- SUB IECOUT (out$) wrt$ = out$ + CHR$(&HD) + CHR$(&HA) CALL IBWRT(sensor%, wrt$) REM******************************************************************************* END SUB REM******************************************************************************* Annex D.2.3...

  • Page 181: Annex D.5 Reading Out Device Settings

    Programming Examples Annex D.5 Reading out Device Settings The settings made in the example of Annex D.Annex D.3 are read out here. The abbreviated commands are used. REM -------------------------- Read out device settings ------------------------- CALL IECOUT("FREQ?") ’Request frequency settings, CALL IECIN(CRfrequency$) ’input value.

  • Page 182: Annex D.7 Command Synchronization

    Programming Examples Annex D.7 Command Synchronization The options for synchronization implemented in the following example are described in Section 3.6.6, Befehlsreihenfolge und Befehlssynchronisation. REM ---Examples for Command Synchronization: --------- REM ---The command TRIGer:trigger:immediate requires a relatively long execution REM ---time (sensor-dependent). It should be ensured that the next command is only REM ---executed after the result of the measurement has been obtained.

  • Page 183: Annex D.8 Service Request

    Programming Examples Annex D.8 Service Request The service request routine requires an extended initialization of the instrument in which the respective bits of the transition and enable registers are set. In order to use the service request function in conjunction with a National Instruments GPIB driver, the setting "Disable Auto Serial Poll"...
  • Page 184 Programming Examples Failure: ’Read error queue. CALL IECOUT("SYSTEM:ERROR?") CALL IECIN(ERROR$) PRINT "Error text:"; ERROR$ RETURN Questionablestatus: ’Read Questionable Status register. CALL IECOUT("STATus:QUEStionable:EVENt?") CALL IECIN(Ques$) IF (VAL(Ques$) AND 8) > 0 THEN PRINT "Power ranging control" ’Power value questionable, IF (VAL(Ques$) AND 512) > 0 THEN PRINT "SWR-warning" ’Standing wave ratio questionable, IF (VAL(Ques$) AND 1024) >...

  • Page 185: Annex E Default Settings

    Default Settings Annex E Default Settings The columns Preset NRT and Preset Sensor of the following table indicate the default state of the stored parameters which is activated after a reset (RECALL 0 in manual operation or *RST, RCL 0, SYSTem:PRESet in remote control). The state Factory Preset which is set after a firmware upgrade with extension of the database (additional parameters) is also given.
  • Page 186 Default Settings Parameter Preset Preset Factory Manual operation Remote control Sensor Preset NRT -Z43 -Z44 1st level 2nd level 4th level Remote-control command level Envelope AV.BRST CONF ENV KEY no equivalent AV.BRST measurement function Burst mode USER USER CONF ENV KEY AV.BRST :SENSe<n>:BURSt:MODE <x>...
  • Page 187 Default Settings Parameter Preset Preset Factory Manual operation Remote control Sensor Preset NRT -Z43 -Z44 1st level 2nd level 4th level Remote-control command level Å Resolution Sensor CONF RESOL :SENSe<n>:RRESolution <x> Å Integration time Sensor CONF INT.TIME :SENSe<n>:POWer:APERture <x> 0.037 s ∆REF Reference value CONF...
  • Page 188 Default Settings Parameter Preset Preset Factory Manual operation Remote control Sensor Preset NRT -Z43 -Z44 1st level 2nd level 4th level Remote-control command level Å Cable attenuation Sensor CORR MEAS.POS LOAD OFFSET :INPut<n>:PORT:OFFSet <x> 0 dB SOURCE Å Å Forward direction Sensor AUTO CORR...
  • Page 189 Default Settings Parameter Preset Preset Factory Manual operation Remote control Sensor Preset NRT -Z43 -Z44 1st level 2nd level 4th level Remote-control command level Monitoring criterion HIGH UTIL AUX/IO POWER :SENSe<n>:POWer[:POWer]:RANGe:LIMit:DETect <x> HIGH for bargraphs REFL :SENSe<n>:POWer:REFLection:RANGe:LIMit:DETect <x> (AUX/TTL connector) Output level for SWR HIGH HIGH...
  • Page 191 Index Index Command addressed ..............A.3 line structure ............3.9 parameter .............. 3.10 A/D-converter recognition ............. 3.48 integration time............2.26 sequence ............... 3.49 AC supply voltage............1.4 structure..............3.6 Accessories ..............5.1 synchronization ............3.49 Accuracy...............2.30 syntax elements............. 3.12 Acoustic acknowledgement signal ........2.43 universal ..............A.3 Address Common commands ........
  • Page 192 Index ∆ REF ..............2.11 EOI (command line)............3.9 Error messages ......3.39, 3.41 see Annex B Key words (commands)..........3.6 device-specific............B.8 KEYBOARD LOCK ............2.50 SCPI................ B.1 Keypad test..............2.48 Error queue..........3.39, 3.41, 3.57 ESE (event status enable register) .......3.54 EVENt register.............3.38, 3.39 Event status enable register (ESE) .......3.54 Limit control..............
  • Page 193 Index RFL KEY ..............2.29 Peak envelope power..........2.3, 2.17 SAVE ..............2.41 Peak power..............2.17 SCALE ..............2.24 PEP ..........see Envelope Parameters SETUP ..............2.40 Physical quantities ............3.9 SPEC ..............2.27 Positive transition filters ......3.38, 3.39, 3.51 SWR.ALARM ............2.27 Power differences ............2.2 TEST..............2.48 Power fuses ..............
  • Page 194 Index general configuration ..........3.40 STB (status byte) ............3.53 information on operating state ........3.25 Stop bit (RS-232-C)............A.5 power supply ............3.24 Structure selftest..............3.42 command ..............3.6 status Reporting System ........3.38 command line ............3.9 triggering measurements ........3.44 Sum bit................. 3.51 Selection parameters............2.15 Switchover to remote control..........

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