Saluki S2438 Series User Manual
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Saluki S2438 Series User Manual

Microwave power meter
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S2438 Series Microwave Power Meter
User Manual
Saluki Technology Inc.

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Summary of Contents for Saluki S2438 Series

  • Page 1 S2438 Series Microwave Power Meter User Manual Saluki Technology Inc.
  • Page 2 Tel: +886. 909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The document applies to following models: S2438PA (500GHz, 1CH, Pulse wave measurement)  S2438PB (500GHz, 2CH, Pulse wave measurement)  S2438CA (500GHz, 1CH, Continuous wave measurement)  S2438CB (500GHz, 2CH, Continuous wave measurement) ...
  • Page 3 Tel: +886. 909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com S2438-013: S81703L Peak Power Sensor (500MHz - 67GHz)  S2438-030: S71716 Millimeter Wave Power Sensor (50GHz - 75GHz)  S2438-031: S71717 Millimeter Wave Power Sensor (75GHz - 110GHz)  S2438-032: S71718 Millimeter Wave Power Sensor (110GHz - 170GHz) ...
  • Page 4 Saluki. Saluki Tech owns the copyright of this document which should not be modified or tampered by any organization or individual or reproduced or transmitted for the purpose of making profit without its prior permission, otherwise Saluki will reserve the right to investigate and affix legal liability of infringement.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Content 1 Overview.................................8 1.1 General................................8 1.2 Safety Guide..............................8 1.2.1 Safety sign.............................. 8 1.2.2 Operational status and position......................10 1.2.3 Electricity safety...........................11 1.2.4 Operation precautions...........................12 1.2.5 Maintenance............................13 1.2.6 Transport.............................. 13 1.2.7 Waste management/environmental protection..................13 2 Start Guide................................
  • Page 6 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 3.8.1 Basic concept of gate..........................50 3.8.2 Setting of the gate position........................51 3.8.3 Gate setting in the trace display mode....................52 3.8.4 Gate setting in the digit display mode....................52 3.9 Setting And Use of “Offset”..........................53 3.9.1 Setting of channel offset........................53 3.9.2 Setting of display offset........................54 3.9.3 Setting of FDO.............................
  • Page 7 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 4.2.6 System..............................82 4.2.7 Channel..............................84 4.2.8 Window..............................91 4.2.9 Calibration............................91 4.2.10 Frequency............................92 5 Remote Control..............................93 5.1 Remote Control Basis............................93 5.1.1 Remote interface...........................93 5.1.2 Message..............................96 5.1.3 SCPI..............................97 5.1.4 Command sequence and synchronization...................104 5.1.5 Status reporting system........................105 5.1.6 Programming considerations......................

  • Page 8: Overview

    S2438 series microwave power meter can provide you with reliable high-performance test services. It can be equipped with the S71710 series CW power sensor, S81702 or S81703 series peak power sensor and THz power sensor to give you the most suitable selection.
  • Page 9 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Symbol Significance Symbol Significance Note, particularly remind the user of the information. Remind the user of the operating Power on/off information or instructions that should be noted. attention handling Standby instructions heavy equipment. Danger! Be careful of electric shock.

  • Page 10: Operational Status And Position

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Danger ！ Danger sign, if not avoided, can cause personal injury and equipment damage. Warn Warning sign, if not avoided, can cause personal injury and equipment damage. Careful sign, if not avoided, can result in minor or moderate personal injury and Take Care ！...

  • Page 11: Electricity Safety

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 1.2.3 Electricity safety Electricity considerations for the instrument: Before the instrument is powered on, it must be ensured that the actual supply voltage matches the marked supply voltage of the instrument. With reference to the power requirements on the instrument's rear panel, a three-core power cord is used to ensure reliable grounding of the power wire during use.

  • Page 12: Operation Precautions

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com (14) When the instrument enclosure is opened, do not place other foreign objects into the case; otherwise a short circuit may be easily caused, resulting in instrument damage or personal injury. (15) Unless otherwise stated, the instrument not subject to waterproof treatment should not be exposed to liquid, lest instrument damage or even personal injury should occur.

  • Page 13: Maintenance

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Class B equipment is suitable for use in residential areas and low-voltage power supply environments. 1.2.5 Maintenance Only authorized operators undergoing special technical training can open the instrument. Before opening the instrument, disconnect the power cord to prevent damage to the instrument or even personal injury. The instrument should be repaired and replaced by special electronic engineers of the manufacturer.

  • Page 14: Start Guide

    This chapter introduces the precautions before operation, description of front and rear panels, basic measurement methods and data file management of the S2438 series microwave power meter so that the user can have a preliminary knowledge about the instrument and measurement process.
  • Page 15 Handling and movement: When moving the instrument and packing box, please pay attention to safety and handle with care. 2.1.1.2 Environment requirements The operating place of the S2438 series microwave power meter shall meet the following environment requirements. (1) Operating environment The operating environment should satisfy the following requirements: Table 2.1 Operating Environment Requirements...
  • Page 16 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The above environmental requirements are only defined for the operating environment of the instrument and are not within the scope of specifications. (2) ESD protection The static electricity is destructive to electronic components and equipment. Generally, we will use two anti-static measures, including combination of conductive table mat and wrist combination as well as combination of conductive floor mat and ankle strap.
  • Page 17 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com a) Confirmation of power supply parameters The S2 4 3 8 series microwave power meter is equipped with a 110 V/220 V adaptive AC power supply module (the internal AC power supply module adopts the adaptive working mode and automatically switches the working status according to the voltage of the external AC power supply).
  • Page 18 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com c) Fuse The specifications of the fuse are printed on the rear panel power outlet: fast-blow type, length: 20 mm, diameter: 5 mm, rated current: 1 A, rated voltage: 250 V. The fuse should be replaced as per the following steps if required: Step 1.
  • Page 19 Warm-up When the S2438 series microwave power meter is subject to cold start (i.e. the instrument is started in the complete OFF state), it needs to warm up for a period of time in order to ensure accurate power measurement. When the specifications are tested, the instrument should warm up for 0.5 h (please refer to the relevant instructions for specifications in the...
  • Page 20 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Power-off Turn off the power button at the right bottom corner of the front panel, and the system will be shut down rapidly and the instrument will be powered off. At this time, the indicator lamp on the power button will turn from green to yellow. The instrument is switched off.
  • Page 21 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 2) Connection The connectors should be checked and cleaned before measurement and connection to ensure that they are clean and undamaged. It is necessary to wear an anti-static wrist strap during connection. The correct connection methods and procedures are as follows: Step 1.
  • Page 22 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Step 4. Loosen the screw by hand until the connection is completely broken. Step 5. Separate two connectors by pulling them apart in parallel. (2) Use of the toque wrench The torque wrench should be used as indicated in Fig. 2.6. Please pay attention to the following points when using the torque wrench: Confirm that the torque of the torque wrench is set correctly before use;...
  • Page 23 Fig.3.7 Calibration surface 2.1.1.5 User checks After the initial power-up of the S2438 series microwave power meter, it is necessary to check whether the instrument is functioning properly in order to continue measurements. Instructions on using the hard keys on the front panel and the soft menu keys.
  • Page 24 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Hard keys on the front panel and soft keys of the menu are described in the following forms: (1) Hard key: [XXX], XXX denotes the name of the hard key. (2) Soft key: [XXX], XXX denotes the name of the soft key If a soft key corresponds to several parameters, , the selected value will be framed with a rectangular box, which indicates that the state is valid.

  • Page 25: Configuration Of Operating System

    Step 4. After modification, press [Apply] to save the modified configuration in the microwave power meter. Fig. 2.8 Remote control interface configuration interface The GPIB address of the S2438 series microwave power meter should not be the same as that of other instruments in the networking system;...

  • Page 26: Routine Maintenance

    In this section, the elemental compositions and functions of front and rear panels and operation interface of the S2438 series microwave power meter are described. 2.2.1 Description of front panel This section intoduces the composition and functions of front panel of the S2438 series microwave power mete, as shown in Fig.2.9.
  • Page 27 It is a multi-core interface connected to the sensor for Channel A input. input interface The S2438 series microwave power meter includes five menu keys used as an entry for all operations as shown in Table 2.5. For the specific functional Menu buttons description, please refer to “4.2 Menu description”...

  • Page 28: Description Of Rear Panel

    Set the carrier frequency of measurement signals of Channel A and Channel B. 2.2.2 Description of rear panel In this section, the composition and functions of rear panel of the S2438 Series microwave power meter are described as shown in Fig. 2.10.

  • Page 29: Basic Measurement Methods

    In this section, the methods for use of the S2438 series microwave power meter are generally introduced, including information in the window display area and methods for use of the S2438 series microwave power meter through the keys on the front panel and other interactive operations.
  • Page 30 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig.2.11 Measurement interface in case of connection with a peak power sensor Table 2.7 Description of operation interface Graphic Information Content Meaning Number Power display It displays the current measured power value. Power unit It displays the current power unit including dBm and W.
  • Page 31 2.3.1.2 Waveform display on peak sensor connection When the S2438 series microwave power meter is connected to a peak power sensor for waveform display, waveforms and some key parameters can be displayed simultaneously. Fig. 2.12 shows the interface on which the waveforms and power parameters are displayed simultaneously.

  • Page 32: Example Of Operation

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The X scale of waveform display is set. “5.000us/” means that the time X scale for the each X scale division is 5 us and there are 10 X scale divisions in the window. Time on the left side It is the time on the leftmost side of the waveform display window.
  • Page 33 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The preparations before operation of the S2438 series microwave power meter should be completed as per the following steps: Step 1. Power on the instrument; Step 2. Start the application after entry into the system;...
  • Page 34 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 2.3.2.2 Measurement of rise time of pulse modulation signal The Rise time and falling time of the pulse modulation signal envelope are parameters that attract the attention of many users and can be quickly measured through the following simple parameter settings. Step 1.
  • Page 35 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig.2.16 Falling time test...

  • Page 36: Operation Guide

    3.1 Model Selection of Power Sensor The S2438 series microwave power meter is compatible with the S71710, S81702 and S81703 series power sensors and the waveguide series MMW power sensor. The specific models and main specifications are shown in Tables 3.1 and 3.2.
  • Page 37 S2438PA CW/peak single channel S 81702/ S81703 series peak power sensor S2438PB CW/peak double channel MMW sensor Table 3.2 Model Selection of Power Sensors Compatible with S2438 Series Microwave Power Meter Sensor Model Sensor Type Frequency range Power Range S71710A...

  • Page 38: Zeroing And Calibration Before Measurement

    To improve the power measurement accuracy, the power sensor should be zeroed and calibrated during power measurement. The S2438 series microwave power meter contains a calibrator with a frequency of 50 MHz and power of 0dBm which can be traced back to national standards.

  • Page 39: Zeroing And Calibration Of The S71710 Series Cw Sensor

    Please refer to the zeroing and calibration process of the S71710 series power sensors. 3.3 CW Power Measurement The S2438 series microwave power meter is connected to a S71710 series CW power sensor to measure the average power of the CW signal power within the dynamic range of -70 dBm to +50 dBm.

  • Page 40: Peak Power Measurement

    3.4.1 Definitions of pulse measurement parameters In this section, the definitions of pulse parameters of the S2438 series microwave power meter are introduced in detail. The pulse envelope parameters are graphically described as shown in Fig. 3.1, the IEEE 194-1977 pulse terms and...
  • Page 41 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Peak power Top pulse amplitude Overs hoot 90% amplitude line Average power 50% amplitude line Pulse Bottom pulse amplitude 10% amplitude width line τ Off time Rising time Falling Pulse period Fig.3.1 Schematic diagram of pulse envelope amplitude and time domain parameter definitions Table 3.3 IEEE pulse terms English Term Definition...
  • Page 42 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Table 3.4 Definitions of pulse measurement parameters Term Definition It is time interval between the first transition mesial line and the last transmission mesial line of the pulse. It is usually defined as the time interval between the first transition 50% power cord and the last transmission 50% Pulse width power cord of the pulse.

  • Page 43: Peak Power Measurement And Waveform Display

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It refers to the top pulse power. The top pulse power is defined statistically. With the peak power as the Top Power reference, the point with the highest frequency in the range of 5 dB below the peak power is defined as the top power.
  • Page 44 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig. 3.2 Automatic measurement of power parameters in several periods Set [Channel]>[Trace Ctrl] to enter the trace control interface and set [Meas Para] >[Pwr] to obtain display of several waveforms and automatic measurement of power parameters as shown in Fig. 3.2. Set [Meas Para] >[Time] to obtain display of several waveforms and automatic measurement of time parameters as shown in Fig.

  • Page 45: Switching Of Display Window

    Fig.3.4 Rise time test 3.5 Switching of Display Window The S2438 series microwave power meter has three window display modes, i.e. small window display, medium window display and large window display, which can be switched through the [Window] key. Fig. 3.5 shows small window display. The small window is divided into upper and lower parts each of which displays independent content.
  • Page 46 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com In the small window display mode, the current window is selected through the “Up” or “Down” key, and a blue-grey background indicates that the current window is selected. Press [Window] to switch to the medium window display as shown in Fig.

  • Page 47: Setting Of Trigger Position

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 3.6 Setting of Trigger Position Trigger is the basis for stable measurement of a pulse. The pulse envelope is shaped to generate a trigger signal that is synchronized with the measured signal, and the first or last transition of the trigger signal is used as the trigger position. The trigger position is the sampling reference.
  • Page 48 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Trigger position Fig. 3.9 Trigger position in the middle of the screen Trigger position Fig. 3.10 Trigger position on the right side of the screen Through “Trig Delay”, the trigger position can be set at any position on the screen or even outside the screen. Fig. 3.11 shows the signal’s rising edge, with [Trig Pos] set to “Mid”, [Trig Delay] set to “8us”...

  • Page 49: Test Methods For Stability Of Pulse Strings In Different Periods

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Trigger position Fig. 3.11 Trigger delay of 8 us 3.7 Test Methods for Stability of Pulse Strings in Different Periods The pulse strings can be measured through “HoldOff” After trigger is performed each time, it is necessary to add a certain time interval during which pulse trigger is prohibited. This time period should be shorter than the period of the pulse string but longer than the “Pulse Width Excluding the Maximum Period in the Pulse String”.

  • Page 50: Setting And Use Of "Gate

    Fig.3.12 Stability test of pulse strings in different periods 3.8 Setting And Use of “Gate” For the S2438 series microwave power meter, the “Gate” is an important auxiliary measurement method. A good familiarity with setting of the “Gate” will make many pulse parameter tests easier.

  • Page 51: Setting Of The Gate Position

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Gate 4 Gate 3 Trigger Gate 2 Gate 1 Gate 2 Fig.3.13 Schematic diagram of gates For example, set the gate as shown in Fig. 3.13 to perform the following measurement: Average power level of pulse: Measurement of average value of Gate 1; Peak-to-average ratio: Measurement of peak value - average value of gate 1;...

  • Page 52: Gate Setting In The Trace Display Mode

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com For a more intuitive setting of the gate, the “Trace Gate” can also be used, e.g. if [Gate Number] is set as “1” and [Trace Gate] is also set as “1”, the position of Mark 1 and Mark 2 that correspond to the gate relative to the waveform position can be seen in the waveform.

  • Page 53: Setting And Use Of "Offset

    3.9 Setting And Use of “Offset” The S2438 series microwave power meter can compensate signal attenuation or gain in the test path. Offset can be set in three different positions in the measurement channel, i.e. “ Chan Offset ” , “ Disp Offset ” and “ FDO ” , among which “...

  • Page 54: Setting Of Display Offset

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com If the input offset is positive, the measurement result plus offset will be displayed. If the input offset is negative, the measurement result minus offset will be displayed. If the channel or display offset is set, the system will display “Offset On”. 3.9.2 Setting of display offset The display offset increases the offset of the measurement result in the current window and only acts on the current window.

  • Page 55: Statistic Analysis Of Power Measurement

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Press [Up] and [Down] to select the frequency point to be modified, and then press the [Edit] soft key to modify the FDO at the current frequency point; If the FDO at a certain frequency point needs to be deleted, it can be done through the [Delete] soft key; 10) The offset unit in FDO table can be logarithmic or linear of which the former is dB and the latter is %.

  • Page 56: Ccdf Definition

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com measurement methods to detect and control the design parameters of the transmitter. This requirement can be met by the CCDF statistic power analysis function of the S2438PA/PB microwave power meter. In the statistic measurement mode, the instrument doesn't need to trigger an event for measurement, instead, it continuously samples the signal for measurement.

  • Page 57: Operation Of Ccdf Power Statistic Trace

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig. 3.16 is a typical CCDF measurement graph. In the figure, the horizontal coordinate of the curve represents the probability in %; the vertical coordinate represents the peak-to-average power ratio in dB. The pink curve Ref represents the reference curve.

  • Page 58: How To Enter The [Trace Ctrl] Menu Quickly

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 6 through the numeric key, and set the vertical scale between 1e-4% and 100%; Mark setting: Press [Mark Set] >[Marker 1], enter 2 dB through the numeric key; select [Marker 2], enter 3.5 dB through the numeric key, or select Marker 1 or Marker 2 in [Marker Sel], and move the mark through the [Left] and [Right] keys;...

  • Page 59: Test Of Low Power Signal

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 3.12 Test of Low Power Signal When the S2438 microwave power meter is connected to a S71710 series CW power sensor and a S81702 or S81703 series peak power sensor to measure low power signals, additional settings are required to ensure the power measurement accuracy.

  • Page 60: Text Display Mode

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig. 3.18 Measurement of low peak power signal 3.13 Text Display Mode Press [Menu]>[Display] >[Disp Type] >[Next Page] >[Text] to enter the text display window. Fig. 3.19 shows the text display window in which the results of all parameters of the pulse power test can be displayed simultaneously to facilitate observation.

  • Page 61: How To Modify The Sensor Calibration Factor

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Press [Back] below any menu for several times, the system will finally return to the root menu of the power meter, and press [Preset] to open the “Preset State Sel” list as shown in Fig. 3.20. Fig.
  • Page 62 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The sensor calibration factor should be modified as per the following steps: Press [Menu]>[System] >[Service] >[System] >[Debug Mode] and enter the password “41S2438” to enter the calibration factor modification interface; Press [Channel Sel] to select the channel accommodating the sensor with the calibration factor to be modified.

  • Page 63: Menu

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 4 Menu The S2438 series microwave power meter menu includes: Menu, Channel, Window, Calibration and Frequency. The menu structure and description of the microwave power meter are given hereinafter. 4.1 Menu Structure Main interface ...

  • Page 64: Menu

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 4.1.2 Menu Menu Menu Measure Measure Trigger Trigger Display Display System System Start Fig.4.2 Menu NOTE: Below the [Menu] are [Measure], [Trigger], [Display] and [System] which can be used to achieve a certain setting.

  • Page 65: Trigger

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Feed1 Feed2 Meas Feed1 Gate Channel Channel AVG PWR ChannelB ChannelA Gate Gate Peak PWR Meas Meas AVG PWR AVG PWR Comb Function Min PWR F1/F2 F1-F2 sing Comb Max/min Feed2 Fig.4.3 Measure 4.1.4 Trigger Trigger Trigger...

  • Page 66: Display

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com 4.1.5 Display Display Grid Type Display Resolution Disp Type Blank Disp Type Signal Resolution XHair Digit Unit Grid Grid Type Hash Grid Language...

  • Page 67: System

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig.4.5 Display 4.1.6 System System Interface System Error List Save Recall TimeSet Remote Pre Item Clear Error Save Interface Next Item Down Pre Page Recall Error List Next Page Preset Save Recall Apply Clear TimeSet Edit...

  • Page 68: Channel

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Service History Service Test Bmp Save Disk Sel View Test Self Test Keyboard Save Delete Bmp Save Test Software History Lcl=>Usb Bmp Test Update Secure Pre Page Erase Debug Next Page Mode Fig.4.6 System 4.1.7 Channel ChanSet ChA Set...
  • Page 69 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Trace Ctrl TraceSet A TraceSet A TraceCtl A Trig Delay Vert Cent Trace Gate 0.000ns -10.00dBm Trace Unit Vert Scale 10.00dB/ Trace Set Trig Pos Marker Left X Scale Meas Para 10us/ Time Next Page Auto Set Gate Set...

  • Page 70: Window

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Pls Def A Pls Def A Proximal Mesial Distal Default Meas Mode Volt Fig.4.7 Channel 4.1.8 Window 4.1.9 Calibration Channel A Channel A Zero Channel B Calibrator Zero+Cal Must Cal Fig.4.8 Calibration...

  • Page 71: Frequency

    After starting the instrumentor pressing [Back/Local] for several times to enter the main interface which includes [About], [Language], [Main Menu▶ ], [Sensor Model] and [Preset]. [About] The model, software version, production unit and other information of the S2438 series microwave power meter pop up. Press any keys except [About] to exit from the [About] interface. [Language] Select the language for menu display.

  • Page 72: Menu

    Unit”, “1” for “Gate”, “AVG PWR” for “Meas Type” and “1.000 GHz” for “Frequency”. When the S2438 series microwave power meter is connected to the S71710 series CW power sensor, the [Preset] menu only includes “Default”. Press [Ok] to set the power meter to the default state. The default settings include: “Single” for “Disp Type”, “3”...
  • Page 73 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is used to set the offset value of the current measurement window. “Disp Offset” is only valid for the current measurement window. When the “Disp Offset” is enabled, the prompt “Disp Offset On” will be displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
  • Page 74 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The result displayed in the current digit window is the average power at all power points of the current gate. The measurement result is expressed in dBm or W. [Peak PWR] The result displayed in the current digit window is the maximum power at all power points of the current gate. The measurement result is expressed in dBm or W.
  • Page 75 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [Meas] It is used to select the result displayed in the current window as the measurement type corresponding to the current gate. The setting is the same as that of the [Meas] menu below [Feed1]. In the "Comb"...

  • Page 76: Trigger

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Press [Reference] to save the current measurement result in the [Reference] menu and display the power as 0.00 dB in the window, i.e., record the current measured value as a reference value. The reference value is subtracted from the measured value in the window, which is expressed in dB.
  • Page 77 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com screen. When “Disp Type” is set as “Single”, a prompt indicated by will be displayed in the upper middle part of the screen; when “Disp Type” is set as “Trace”, a prompt indicated by will be displayed at the upper right corner of the screen [Control] It is used to set the Stop or Run state of sampling.

  • Page 78: Display

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is used to select the current trigger/sampling mode as “Auto Level”. In the “Auto Level” trigger mode, the trigger level is automatically set to be 3 dB lower than the top power according to the amplitude of the measured pulse, so as to ensure that the waveform can be displayed stably.
  • Page 79 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com In the dual display mode: when the small window display mode is adopted, the data will be displayed on 1/4 of the screen; when the middle or large window display mode is adopted, the data will be displayed on the whole screen; [Trace A] It displays the trace of Channel A.
  • Page 80 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig.4.10 Statistic table [Start Trace] It is used to display the CCDF measurement result in the form of trace. [Scale Set] It is used to set the X scale, vertical scale and decimal digits of the statistic trace. [X scale] It is used to set the X scale of the statistic trace.
  • Page 81 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [Mk 2 Pos] It is used to determine the trace to which Mark 2 belongs, which can be Channel A, Channel B, reference line or Gaussian curve. [Ref Line] It is used to store the data of the reference line. [Chan A] It is used to save the statistic measurement of Channel A on the reference line.

  • Page 82: System

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is used to enable or disable the saved reference trace in the window. [Trace Sel] It is used to select the object towards which the parameter in the lower part of the current trace display window points, e.g.
  • Page 83 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig. 4.2 Remote interface [Error List] It is used to display the errors during measurement in the form of list. The problem can be determined based on the error prompt mark. [Clear Error] It is used to clear all error information displayed currently.

  • Page 84: Channel

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is used to set a character or number is inserted to the state name. If “Num” is selected, press the numeric key to enter the number; if “Char” is selected, press the numeric key to enter the character. [Caps Lock] When [Caps Lock] is enabled, a capital character will be entered.
  • Page 85 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [Chan A] Press [Channel A] to enter the settings related to Channel A. As the settings of Channel A are similar to those of Channel B, Channel B is illustrated hereinafter. [Chan B] It is used to configure the content related to Channel B.
  • Page 86 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is used to set the channel offset within the range of -100 dB to +100 dB. After the offset is set in On state: when the digit unit is set as "Log", the displayed power will be equal to the measured power plus the offset power; if the current measured power is 0 dBm and the channel offset is +20 dB, the measurement result will be +20 dBm;...
  • Page 87 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Through adjustment of this parameter, vertical amplitude of the displayed graph can be adjusted to make better use of the whole display area or enlarge part of the waveforms you are interested in. A large vertical scale will reduce the height of the waveform, while a small one will increase the height of the waveform.
  • Page 88 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [Step Detect] When the S71710 series CW power sensor is connected, [Step Detect] will be displayed below the current menu. When the average setting is provided for measurement with the CW power sensor, the “Step Detect” will be set in “On” state. If the power changes significantly, the data in the buffer zone will be completely cleared, the average setting will be restarted, and the power displayed on the screen can quickly change to the newly measured value;...
  • Page 89 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Please note that the “Start Time” and “Length” of the gate don't have a memory function so that they can't be restored to the set value after change. The current gate can also be set through the [Left] and [Right] keys. [Trace Gate] It is used to set the gate displayed by the current trace, with four options in total.
  • Page 90 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [Edit] It is used to edit the offset value at a frequency point in the FDO table. The specific operation process is as follows: Select the frequency point at which the offset needs to be modified through the [Up] and [Down] keys, press [Edit] to enter the modification menu, and the frequency at the current point will pop up.

  • Page 91: Window

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com It is the proximal power level between top and bottom amplitudes. It is used to define the start level at Rise time and the end level at falling time of the pulse. These levels are generally set at 10% of the power level amplitude. [Mesial] It is the mesial power level between top and bottom amplitudes.

  • Page 92: Frequency

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com when there is no signal output from the output device connected to the S71710 series CW power sensor, so as to eliminate the influence caused by different ground levels between the power meter and the tested device; when the power output of the device under test is disabled if the measured power of the S71710 series CW power sensor is less than -50 dBm, so as to improve the power measurement accuracy.

  • Page 93: Remote Control

    This chapter includes the remote control basis as well as the remote interface and its configuration method of the S2438 series microwave power meter, and also briefly describes the concept and classification of the I/O driver library so that the user can have a preliminary knowledge about the remote control of this instrument. The specific...
  • Page 94 LAN remote control, the microwave power meter has been provided with an interface adapter and a TCP / IP network protocol and configured with the corresponding TCP-based network service. The network interface adapter for the S2438 series microwave power meter can work in the following three modes: 10 Mbps Ethernet (IEEE802.3);...
  • Page 95 As the unique bus specifically designed for instrument control, GPIB is still widely used in the automatic test system. The S2438 series microwave power meter integrates a GPIB interface on the rear panel. For remote control, the main control computer should first be installed with the GPIB bus card, driver and VISA library. During communication, the main control computer achieves addressing of the controlled instrument through the GPIB address.

  • Page 96: Message

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com USB address: Addressing string format: USB::<vendor ID>::<product ID>::<serial number>[::INSTR] Where, <vendor ID> ID of vendor; <product ID> ID of instrument; <serial number> Serial number of instrument. Example: USB::0x0AAD::0x00C6::100001::INSTR 0x0AAD: ID of vendor; 0xC6: ID of instrument; 100001: Serial number of instrument.

  • Page 97: Scpi

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com  Instrument control command: Instrument-specific command, for realization of instrument functions. For example: set the frequency. The syntax also follows SCPI specification. Instrument response: The instrument response (response message and service request) is the query result information sent by the instrument to the computer.
  • Page 98 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The controller is any computer used to communicate with the SCPI device. The controller may be a personal computer, a small computer or a card inserted onto a cage. Some artificial intelligence device can also be used as a controller. Device The device is any component that supports SCPI.
  • Page 99 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth HIGH|LOWer vertical line between keyword the parameter represents a variety of options. BANDwidth and BWIDth are options, and HIGH and LOWer are options. Square brackets indicate that the included keywords or parameters are optional when they form a command. These [:SENSe]:BANDwidth? implied keywords or parameters are executed even when they SENSe is optional.
  • Page 100 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Command tree Most remote control programming tasks involve instrument-specific commands. When such a command is parsed, the SCPI uses a structure similar to a file system. This command structure is called a command tree. The top command is root command, or simply “root”.
  • Page 101 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Numeric parameter Numeric parameter can be used in both instrument-specific commands and common commands. It receives all common decimal systems including signs, decimal point and scientific notation. If a certain piece of device only receives a specified type of numeric parameter such as an integer, it will automatically round off the received numeric parameter.
  • Page 102 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Boolean parameter Boolean parameters represent a single binary condition that is either true or false. There are only four possible representations for a Boolean parameter. Examples of Boolean parameters: True False True False String parameter A string parameter allows the ASCII string to be sent as a parameter.
  • Page 103 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com INTernal Internal amplitude stabilization EXTernal External amplitude stabilization MMHead Amplitude stabilization through MMW source module Numeric Boolean response data The Boolean response data returns a binary value of 1 or 0. String response data The string response data and string parameters are the same.

  • Page 104: Command Sequence And Synchronization

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com MMEM:COPY "Test1", "MeasurementXY";:HCOP:ITEM ALL The command line contains two commands of which the first one belongs to the MMEM subsystem and the second one belongs to the HCOP subsystem. If the adjacent commands belong to the same subsystem, the command path will be partially repeated and the command can be abbreviated.

  • Page 105: Status Reporting System

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Preventing overlapping execution of the command In order to prevent the overlapped execution of commands, multiple threads or commands: *OPC, *OPC? or *WAI can be used. These three commands can be executed only after the hardware is set. While programming, the computer can be forced to wait for some time to synchronize certain events.
  • Page 106 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com The value of Event Status Register (ESR) and Event Status Enable (ESE) mask register.  SCPI status registers include: STATus:OPERation and STATus:QUEStionable registers (SCPI definition) which  contain the specific operating information of the instrument. IST, PPE Similar to the SRQ, an individual bit of the IST mark ("Individual STatus") is a combination of all statuses of the instrument.
  • Page 107 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig. 5.1 Hierarchy diagram of status register 5.1.5.2 Application of status reporting system The status reporting system is used to monitor the status of one or more instruments in the test system. To correctly realize the function of the status reporting system, the controller in the test system must receive and evaluate the information of all instruments.

  • Page 108: Programming Considerations

    5.2.1 LAN 5.2.1.1 Connection When the S2438 series microwave power meter and external controller (computer) are connected to the LAN through network cables, special attention should be paid to the fact that the IP address setting may cause an address conflict.

  • Page 109: Gpib

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Fig.5.2 Setting of LAN interface and GPIB interface Ensure that the microwave power meter is subjected to normal physical connection through a 10Base-T LAN or 100Base-T LAN cable. Since the microwave power meter only supports the establishment of a single LAN control system and the setting of a static IP address and it doesn't support DHCP or access to the host through the DNS and domain name server, the user isn't required to modify the subnet mask which is set as a fixed value of 255.255.255.0 inside the instrument.

  • Page 110: Installation Of Controller

    = viWrite(analyzer, "*CLS", 4, &retCnt); //reset the status register iStatus = viWrite(analyzer, "*RST", 4, &retCnt); //reset the instrument 5.3.4 Sending of setting command /*************************************************************************/ The following example shows how to set the center frequency of the S2438 series microwave power meter. /*************************************************************************/ void SimpleSettings() ViStatus iStatus;...

  • Page 111: Reading Of Instrument Status

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com // Set the frequency as 128MHz iStatus = viWrite(iDevHandle, "FREQ 1.28e8\n", strlen("FREQ 1.28e8\n"), &uiRetCnt); 5.3.5 Reading of instrument status /*************************************************************************/ The following example shows how to read the setting status of the instrument. /*************************************************************************/ void ReadSettings() ViStatus iStatus;...
  • Page 112 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com int stat; char OpcOk [2]; /*********************************************************************/ /*Command INITiate[:IMMediate] initiates a single sweep (INIT:CONT OFF when continuous sweep is OFF)*/ /* Only when the single sweep is completed can the next command in the command buffer be executed /*********************************************************************/ iStatus = viWrite(analyzer, ":INIT:CONT OFF", 13, &retCnt);...

  • Page 113: I/O Library

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com iStatus = viWaitOnEvent(analyzer, VI_EVENT_SERVICE_REQ, 10000, &etype, &eevent) //Wait for service request iStatus = viReadSTB(analyzer, &stat); iStatus = viClose(eevent); //close the event handle //Disable the SRQ event iStatus = viDisableEvent(analyzer, VI_EVENT_SERVICE_REQ, VI_QUEUE); //Continue running the main program…… 5.4 I/O Library 5.4.1 Overview of I/O library As a library of software programs pre-written for the instrument, the I/O library is called an instrument driver.

  • Page 114: Installation And Configuration Of I/O Library

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Functional body. It is the main functional part of the instrument driver and can be understood as the framework program of the instrument driver. Interactive developer interface. For user's convenience, a graphical interactive developer interface is generally provided in the application development environment that supports the development of the instrument driver.
  • Page 115 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Configuration of ports and installation of IO library Before using a computer to control the microwave power meter, confirm that you have correctly installed and configured the necessary ports and I/O library.

  • Page 116: Fault Diagnosis And Repair

    6.1 Working Principle This section introduces the basic working principle and hardware block diagram of the microwave power meter so that the user can know about the functions of the S2438 series microwave power meter and better solve the problems during operation.

  • Page 117: Fault Diagnosis And Troubleshooting

    Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com When the S2438 series microwave power meter is connected to a CW power sensor, it will adopt the same signal processing method as a standard traditional power meter. After being amplified through chopping and weak signals, the sensor detection voltage will be sent to the power meter main unit for further processing.

  • Page 118: Common Faults And Troubleshooting Methods

    6.2.2.3 Hardware fault The S2438 series microwave power meter can test its key circuits. It is necessary to check whether the instrument works normally as per the following steps: Press [Menu]>[System] >[Service] >[Test] >[Self Test], and the system will start to perform self-test.

  • Page 119: Error Information

    In case of improper operation or incorrect configuration during actual use, the power meter will display error information at the bottom of its display to indicate that the S2438 series microwave power meter involves software or the hardware fault. The user can roughly judge the type of problem based on the error prompt and take corresponding measures for troubleshooting or get the instrument repaired.
  • Page 120 Tel: 886.909 602 109 Email: sales@salukitec.com www.salukitec.com Mark “Fragile! No Touch! Handle with Care!” indicated. Please arrange the consignment as required for the precise instrument. Keep copies of all the shipping documents. When packaging the microwave power meter, please pay attention to the following items. Packaging of the microwave power meter with other materials may damage it.

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