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LeCroy LW110 User Manual

100 ms/s single / dual arbitrary waveform generator
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User Manual
LW110/120
100 MS/s SINGLE / DUAL
ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR
Publication No. 000904
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977
TEL: (1) 914 578 6020, FAX: (1) 914 578 5985
PUBLICATION DATE: September 4, 2000
REVISION: 1.0
Copyright 2000 by LeCroy. All rights reserved.This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form
without written permission of the publisher.

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  • Page 1 TEL: (1) 914 578 6020, FAX: (1) 914 578 5985 PUBLICATION DATE: September 4, 2000 REVISION: 1.0 Copyright 2000 by LeCroy. All rights reserved.This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.
  • Page 2 Authorization is required from LeCroy before you send your product for service or calibration. Call your nearest LeCroy support facility. A list is located on the last page of this manual. If you are unsure where to call, contact LeCroy Customer Support Department in Chestnut Ridge, U.S.A at (1) 914 578 6020 or via fax at (1) 914 578 5985.
  • Page 3 FOR YOUR SAFETY Before undertaking any troubleshooting, maintenance or exploratory procedure, read carefully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices. This equipment contains voltage hazardous to human life and safety, and is capable of inflicting personal injury. If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line (mains) through an autotransformer, ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral (earth pole) of the power supply.
  • Page 4 This Page Intentionally Left Blank...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Chapter 1 GETTING STARTED What’s In This Chapter ..........................1-1 Introduction .............................. 1-1 LW120 Feature Highlights ........................... 1-1 ArbExplorer Feature Highlights........................1-2 Description ..............................1-4 Two Channels............................1-4 Output Functions ............................. 1-4 Frequency..............................1-4 Amplitude..............................1-5 Trigger Modes............................1-5 Arbitrary Waveforms ..........................
  • Page 6 User Manual LW120 Sweep ..............................1-11 FSK ..............................1-12 Ramped FSK ............................. 1-12 FM..............................1-12 Output Type............................1-12 Standard Waveforms ......................... 1-12 Arbitrary (User) Waveforms ....................... 1-13 Sequenced Waveforms ........................1-13 Output State............................1-15 Filters ..............................1-15 Programming The LW120 ........................1-15 Chapter 2 CONFIGURING The INSTRUMENT Installation Overview ............................
  • Page 7 User Manual LW120 Using the Manual Trigger........................... 3-16 Using the SYNC Output ..........................3-16 Selecting the Filter Type..........................3-18 Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference ....................3-19 Modulating the Output ............................ 3-21 FM................................3-21 Example 1, Modulating Standard Waveforms Using the Standard FM Mode ........3-23 Example 2, Modulating Standard Waveforms Using the Arbitrary FM Mode ........
  • Page 8 User Manual LW120 SOURce Subsystem ............................4-12 OUTPut Subsystem ............................4-33 FORMat Subsystem............................4-36 INSTrument Subsystem..........................4-37 TRIGger Subsystem ............................4-39 TRACe Subsystem ............................4-43 Generating Arbitrary Waveforms ........................ 4-43 Arbitrary Memory Management ........................4-43 Generating Sequenced Waveforms ......................4-49 Downloading Waveforms Using the DMA Port...................
  • Page 9 User Manual LW120 The Standard Waveforms Panel......................5-9 Channel 1&2............................5-9 10 MHz Ref ............................5-10 Frequency ............................5-10 The Arbitrary & Sequence Panel ......................5-11 Parameters............................5-11 Sample Clock ............................ 5-12 10 MHz Ref ............................5-13 Sequence Advance ........................... 5-13 Using the Segment Table ........................
  • Page 10 User Manual LW120 The Waveform Screen ........................... 5-36 The Toolbar ............................5-34 The Waveform Screen ........................... 5-36 The FM Composer............................5-38 The Commands Bar ..........................5-38 File Commands..........................5-39 Wave Commands ..........................5-40 Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor..................5-42 Parameters ............................

  • Page 11: Getting Started

    This manual provides description of all features and options available with the instruments; however, some items described in the following paragraphs and chapters may not be installed in your instrument. If you purchased Model LW110, ignore all references in this manual to Channel 2. Introduction Model LW110 is a single-channel Arbitrary Waveform Generator.

  • Page 12: Arbexplorer Feature Highlights

    • Built-in standard waveforms • Separate sequence generators for each channel • Multiple instrument synchronization with tight phase control • GPIB and RS232 links LeCroy MODEL LW120 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2...
  • Page 13 LW120 User Manual Figure 1-2, ArbExplorer - Control Panels Figure 1-3, ArbExplorer - Wave Composer Getting Started 1-3...

  • Page 14: Description

    LW120 User Manual Figure 1-4, ArbExplorer - FM Wave Composer Detailed functional description is given following the general description Description of the features, functions, and options available with the LW120. Two Channels The LW120 is a dual channel arbitrary waveform generator. Although the two channels share a single sample clock source, each channel can be controlled separately to generate different waveform, amplitude and sequence.

  • Page 15: Amplitude

    LW120 User Manual stability over time and temperature. If higher accuracy and/or stability are required, you may order the LW120 with 1ppm reference, or connect an external frequency reference to the rear-panel reference input connector. Amplitude The output level may be programmed separately for each channel within from 20 mV to 20 Vp-p into an open circuit, or 10 mV to 10 V into 50Ω.

  • Page 16: Frequency Agility

    LW120 User Manual panel. It has all the necessary push buttons, displays and dials to operate the instrument as if you were using it on the bench. The third alternative is using application specific drivers, such LabVIEW. The LW120 must be programmed to generate waveforms. Therefore, it is recommended that the user becomes familiar with its basic features, functions and programming concepts as described in this and the following chapters.

  • Page 17: Supplied Accessories

    LW120 User Manual WARNING Do not remove instrument covers when operating or when the power cord is connected to the mains. Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of an opened, powered-on instrument should be avoided as much as possible, but when necessary, should be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

  • Page 18: Sync Output

    LW120 User Manual amplitude accuracy is calibrated when connected to a 50Ω load. The output amplitude is doubled when the output impedance is above 1 MΩ. The SYNC output generates a single TTL pulse for synchronizing SYNC Output other instruments (i.e., an oscilloscope) to the output waveform. The SYNC signal always appears at a fixed point relative to the waveform.

  • Page 19: Sclk Out

    LW120 User Manual This input accepts signals that amplitude modulate channel 1, 2, or AM IN both signal. The AM input becomes active only when the AM function is selected otherwise, it has no effect on the output signal. In general, this input accepts signals that stimulate generation of TRIG/FSK IN output waveforms.

  • Page 20: Sine Out

    MASTER/SLAVE units. The master/slave cable may be ordered separately from your nearest LeCroy dealer. The master/slave mode must be activated from the front panel otherwise, this connector and the cable attached has no affect on normal operation of the LW120.

  • Page 21: Ac Fuse

    If the fuse blows again after replacement, we recommend that you refer your instrument immediately to the nearest LeCroy service center. The LW120 can be programmed to operate in one of four operating Operating Modes modes: continuous, triggered, gated and counted burst.

  • Page 22: Burst Mode

    LW120 User Manual gating signal goes low, is the last point on the waveform. The burst mode is an extension of the triggered mode where the Burst Mode generator can be programmed to output a pre-determined number of waveforms. The source to trigger the burst can be selected from a front panel connector, GPIB trigger or from the built-in trigger generator.

  • Page 23: Output Type

    LW120 User Manual arbitrary memory that is used for arbitrary frequency modulation. The LW120 can output three types of waveforms: standard (Fixed), Output Type arbitrary (User) and sequenced waveforms. Different waveform types may be assigned to each channel. Description of the various waveform types that the instrument can generate is given below.

  • Page 24: Sequenced Waveforms

    LW120 User Manual number of segments or by the shape of the waveforms. The sequence generator is a powerful tool that lets you link and loop Sequenced segments in any way you desire. As a simple example of a Waveforms sequenced waveform, look at Figures 1-6a through 1-6c.

  • Page 25: Output State

    LW120 User Manual Figure 1-6c Segment 3 – Pulse Waveform The following sequence was made of segment 2 repeated twice, segment 1 repeated four times, and segment 3 repeated two times. Figure 1- 6d. Sequenced Waveforms The main outputs can be turned on or off. The internal circuit is Output State disconnected from the output connector by a mechanical switch (relay).

  • Page 26: Programming The Lw120

    LW120 User Manual The LW120 has front panel control capability for most of its function, Programming The parameters, and modes. However, waveform data and sequence LW120 tables must be loaded to the LW120 from a host computer before it can be output arbitrary or sequenced waveforms. There are a number of ways to “talk”...

  • Page 27: Configuring The Instrument

    Chapter 2 CONFIGURING The INSTRUMENT Installation This chapter contains information and instructions necessary to prepare the Model LW120 for operation. Details are provided for initial Overview inspection, grounding requirements, repackaging instructions for storage or shipment and installation information. Unpacking and handling of the generator requires normal precautions Unpacking and and procedures applicable to handling of sensitive electronic Initial Inspection...

  • Page 28: Performance Checks

    User Manual LW120 Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cables, connector jacks, or test fixtures. The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

  • Page 29: Grounding Requirements

    NOTE If the instrument is to be shipped to LeCroy for calibration or repair, attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner. Note the problem, symptoms, and service or repair desired. Record the model and serial number of the instrument.

  • Page 30: Preparation For Use

    GPIB address field. Note the cursor under the GPIB address. Rotate the dial until the LW120 displays the required address. LeCroy ships the Model LW120 with GPIB address set to 4. The instrument is fully solid state and dissipates only a small amount Installation of power.

  • Page 31: Using The Instrument

    Chapter 3 USING The INSTRUMENT Overview This chapter contains information about how to operate the LW120. Operation is divided into two general categories: basic bench operation, and remote operation (IEEE-488.2 and RS232). Basic bench operation, which is covered in this section, describes how to use the arbitrary waveform generator using front panel sequences.

  • Page 32: Input/Output Protection

    LW120. After power on, the instrument displays information messages, as shown below in Figure 3-1. Press any button on the front panel to access modes or change parameters. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET LW120...
  • Page 33 User Manual LW120 Table 3-1 summarizes factory defaults for the most common parameters. A complete list of all parameters, their defaults, as well as their maximum and minimum values is given in Chapter 4. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...

  • Page 34: Controlling The Lw120

    Controlling LW120 function, modes and parameters is simply a Controlling the matter of pressing once or twice the appropriate button as LW120 described in the following paragraphs. Refer to Figure 3-3 throughout this description. LeCroy GROUP 2 MODEL LW120 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR GROUP 3 RESET...
  • Page 35 User Manual LW120 Table 3-3. Front Panel Menus (continued) Main Menu Sub-Menu Parameter Notes AMPLITUDE Ampl CH1 5.000V Channel 1 amplitude Offs CH1 0.000V Channel 1 offset Ampl CH2 5.000V Channel 2 amplitude Offs CH2 0.000V Channel 2 offset WAVEFORM STD.

  • Page 36: Enabling The Outputs

    1. Press the OUTPUT button 2. Select the Outputs menu 3. Select the channel you want to control 4. Toggle channel 1 or channel 2 outputs on and off using the dial LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Output CH1...
  • Page 37 1. Press the Waveform button 2. Rotate the dial counterclockwise to select between STD (standard), ARB (arbitrary) and SEQ (sequenced) waveforms. The displayed waveform type is automatically available at the output connector. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Waveform Type STD.

  • Page 38: Programming The Amplitude And Offset

    4. Use the dial to modify the parameter. The output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial however, note that frequency has an affect on standard waveforms and sample clock and the divider parameters affect arbitrary and sequenced waveforms only. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Freq 1.0000000MHz...
  • Page 39 User Manual LW120 Basic LW120 Option LNPC Installed Range Offset Range Offset Offset Range Offset Index Resolution Resolution Amplitude Range Window ±4.500V ±4.50000V ±5V 10.00V to 3.162V 10µV ±4.500V ±4.50000V ±5V 3.161V to 1.000V 10µV 999.9mV to 316.2mV ±450.0mV 0.1mV ±450.000mV ±500mV 1µV...

  • Page 40: Selecting A Standard Function Shape

    User Manual LW120 LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET CURSOR Ampl CH1 5.000V Offs CH1 +0.000V MAN TRIG More CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-7. Modifying Amplitude, Offset and Offset Fine Standard (fixed) waveforms are built into the LW120 program. Ten...
  • Page 41 User Manual LW120 Waveform Variable Parameter Units Sine Start Phase Degrees Triangle Start Phase Degrees Square Duty Cycle % of Period Pulse Delay % of Period Rise Time % of Period High Time % of Period Fall Time % of Period Ramp Delay % of Period...
  • Page 42 6. Move the cursor from left to right until it appears under the digit you want to change 7. Use the dial to modify the parameter. The output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...

  • Page 43: Selecting An Operating Mode

    User Manual LW120 The Model LW120 offers four operating modes: Continuous, Selecting an Triggered, Gated and Burst. The selected waveform is repeated Operating Mode continuously when the instrument is set to operate in Continuous mode. In this mode, the LW120 does not require a trigger source to stimulate output cycles.

  • Page 44: Burst Mode

    User Manual LW120 (NEG) You may use the gated mode to gate standard waveforms, arbitrary waveforms, and sequences of waveforms. Observe the limitations of the gating signal as listed in the specification section of this manual. Burst mode is similar to Triggered mode with the exception that Burst Mode only one trigger signal is needed to generate a counted number of output waveforms.
  • Page 45 7. Use the dial to modify the parameter. The output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial. 8. You may press More if you want to access the trigger start phase parameter. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET CONT.

  • Page 46: Using The Manual Trigger

    User Manual LW120 The manual trigger allows you to trigger or gate the LW120 directly Using the Manual from the front panel. This button is active only when the generator Trigger is placed in external trigger, or arm modes. The MAN TRIG button has no affect on the instrument in other modes.
  • Page 47 10. Move the cursor from left to right until it appears under the digit you want to change 11. Rotate the dial to modify the sync width. The sync output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...

  • Page 48: Selecting The Filter Type

    User Manual LW120 LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Sync Pulse CURSOR Position 8,11 7,10 Width Back MAN TRIG CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-14. Modifying the SYNC Parameters Two filters are available for each channel. These filters have fixed...

  • Page 49: Selecting The Sclk Source And Reference

    ALL – Both 25 MHz and 50 MHz are connected in series If you do not plan on using the filters, make sure that you leave the selection NONE. This will eliminate confusing setting conflicts LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM...
  • Page 50 2. Select and press the SCLK Control option 3. Select and press either Sclk Source or Sclk Reference 4. Rotate the dial to select one of the source options: INT – Selects internal control EXT – Selects external control LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET System...

  • Page 51: Modulating The Output

    User Manual LW120 Utilizing DDS (direct digital synthesis) technology, the Model Modulating the LW120 is extremely frequency-agile. Changing the sample clock Output frequency is as easy as changing bits at the DDS control. The DDS has an extremely wide dynamic range with excellent linearity throughout the complete range.
  • Page 52 User Manual LW120 1. Carrier Sample Clock – This is the frequency of the sample as displayed after you press the FREQUENCY button. Note that the first line on the display shows Freq and some value and the second line shows Sclk and value. This Sclk is what you need to interpret your carrier frequency.

  • Page 53: Example 1, Modulating Standard Waveforms Using The Standard Fm Mode

    Select and press the STD. FM Type option. Note that the default modulating waveform is SIN (sinewave). Leave this option as is for now. Later you can practice modifying the modulating waveform to other shapes. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...
  • Page 54 10. Use the cursor to point to the digit you want to change and rotate the dial to adjust the modulating frequency to 100 Hz 11. You may press More to access triggered FM modes, or set marker position LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...

  • Page 55: Example 2, Modulating Standard Waveforms Using The Arbitrary Fm Mode

    User Manual LW120 NOTE If you selected Triggered mode for the LW120, you will not be able to turn the FM function on. There are some trigger modes that could be accessed through the FM menu; These modes behave differently then the main operating modes.
  • Page 56 User Manual LW120 LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET CURSOR FM Sclk 1.000000MS/s MAN TRIG CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-21. Programming the Sample Clock for the Modulating Arbitrary Waveform 8. You’ll now need to use ArbExplorer to generate your modulating waveform.
  • Page 57 User Manual LW120 external file to generate more complex waveforms. We’ll use a simple sine waveform for this example. From the Waves menu select the Sine. Leave the parameters in the Sine dialog box as is and press OK. 12. The last step is to download the modulating waveform to the LW120.

  • Page 58: Frequency Modulating Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 Modulating waveform is sine waveform and modulating frequency is 100 Hz. NOTES 1. If you selected Triggered mode for the LW120, you will not be able to turn the FM function on. There are some trigger modes that could be accessed through the FM menu;...
  • Page 59 User Manual LW120 must compute the actual carrier and shifted frequencies in a similar way as was described above for the FM function. To generate FSK you must specify two parameters: 1. Carrier Sample Clock – This is the frequency of the sample as displayed after you press the FREQUENCY button.

  • Page 60: Example 1, Fsk Using Standard Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 Example 1, FSK Using This example will show how to generate FSK modulation using the standard waveforms. The carrier frequency will be set to 1 MHz and Standard Waveforms the shifted frequency to 1.5 MHz. We’ll monitor the FSK modulation from the front-panel outputs, then compare the results to the rear- panel sine output connector.

  • Page 61: Example 2, Fsk Using Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET CURSOR FSK State Type Sclk2 96.000000MS MAN TRIG Back CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-23. Adjusting FSK Parameters If you did not make any programming errors, the front panel outputs will generate FSK modulated waveforms having carrier frequency of 1 MHz and shifted frequency of 1.5 MHz.

  • Page 62: Ramped Fsk

    User Manual LW120 Now that we have both frequency values for the carrier and the shifted sample clock, we can go directly to front panel programming. Refer to Figure 3-23 for this example 1. Press FREQUENCY button. Modify Sclk display 10.00000MS.

  • Page 63: Sweep

    User Manual LW120 7. Using the dial, program the FSK Ramp Time to the desired value NOTE Shifted frequency value in Ramped FSK mode must always be higher than the carrier frequency. Reverse setting will not allow the LW120 to execute FSK operation.
  • Page 64 User Manual LW120 2. Stop Sample Clock – This parameter specifies where the sweep will stop. This parameter is available from within the Sweep Modulation menu. The sweep stop programs the sample clock in units of sample per second. Note that sweep stop does not necessarily have to have lower value than the sweep stop frequency.

  • Page 65: Example 1, Generating Sweep Using Standard Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 time interval which is set by the sweep time parameter. Likewise, using the logarithmic sweep type, the frequency span between the start and stop frequencies is divided by 1000 logarithmic steps. 4. Sweep Direction – Defines the direction of the sweep. UP sets sweep direction from start frequency to stop frequency;...
  • Page 66 Sweep Stop parameter to 25.6MS/s 13. Press More to program the rest of the sweep parameters 14. Select and press the Direction parameter 15. Rotate the dial clockwise to modify the direction to DOWN LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET...

  • Page 67: Example 2, Generating Sweep Using Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 We’ll now check the results at the rear-panel sine output connector and compare what we get there to what we see on the front panel. Remove the cable from the main output connector and connect to the rear-panel SINE OUT connector. Here is what you should expect to see when you check this output: Waveform is sinewave having fixed amplitude level of 1V into 50Ω.
  • Page 68 User Manual LW120 7. Select the Sweep State option 8. Rotate the dial clockwise to turn the Sweep function ON 9. Select and press the Sweep Time parameter 10. Move the cursor below the digit you want to change and rotate the dial to adjust the Sweep Time parameter to 10ms.
  • Page 69 User Manual LW120 modulating waveform. The envelope frequency is bandwidth limited, so make sure you are within the specified limits before you apply this signal to the AM input connector. AM Depth or Modulation Index – This term defines how far the external generator can affect the main output signal.

  • Page 70: Adjusting Phase Offset Between Channels

    User Manual LW120 The LW120 has two output channels that can generate various and Adjusting Phase numerous waveforms. Although the control over waveform Offset Between parameters is separate for each channel, the sample clock is Channels derived from a single source. Having a single source for both channels is of great advantage because of two main reasons: 1) There is no jitter between the two channels and 2) If we ignore the initial skew, both waveforms start at exactly the same phase.

  • Page 71: Synchronizing Multiple Instruments

    5. You may also use the cursor buttons to move the pointer under the digit you want to modify The LW100 series comes in two versions: LW110 with a single Synchronizing output channel and LW120 with two output channels. In...
  • Page 72 9-pin to 9-pin cable to feed the master-to-slave, or slave-to- slave controls. You can get the standard BNC cable from any store however, the master/slave cable must be bought from your LeCroy distributor. Figure 3-27 shows the connection between master and slave instruments.
  • Page 73 5. On the slave units only, rotate the dial to select the Slave mode 6. On the master unit only, select and press the Couple State button 7. Finally, on the master unit only, rotate the dial to turn the Couple State ON LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Couple State...

  • Page 74: Saving And Recalling Setups

    User Manual LW120 by using shorter cables however, it is impossible to eliminate this delay entirely. One way to compensate for inter-instrument delays is using different cable length at the output connectors. You can also use the edge-offset parameter to compensate for larger delays. Saving and Needless to say how aggravating it could be to spend long time on programming front panel controls when, all of a sudden, the power...

  • Page 75: Generating Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 Press Recall to update front panel settings with the required memory location LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET GPIB Address CURSOR Selftest Setups Back MAN TRIG CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-29.

  • Page 76: What Are Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 waveform is created on the screen, downloading it to the LW120 is just a click of a mouse away. Detailed information on the structure of the arbitrary waveform and the commands that are needed to download arbitrary waveforms to the LW120 is given in Chapter 4.

  • Page 77: Using The Arbitrary Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 The working memory has two major properties: vertical resolution and memory depth. Vertical Resolution – This term defines the precision along the vertical axis of which data points can be placed and generated by the DAC. The LW120 is using 14-bit DAC’s to generate arbitrary waveforms.

  • Page 78: Generating Sequenced Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET GPIB Address CURSOR Selftest Setups Back MAN TRIG CHAN SYNC CHAN POWER UTILITY FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM TRIGGER OUTPUT Figure 3-32. Selecting Arbitrary Waveform Segments In general, the Model LW120 cannot by itself create sequenced Generating waveforms.

  • Page 79: What Are Sequenced Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 Figure 3-33. Using ArbExplorer to Generate Sequences Sequenced waveforms are constructed from two or more arbitrary What Are Sequenced waveforms, which are linked and looped in any way you can Waveforms? imagine, as long as you observe the limitations set forth in the specification section of this manual.
  • Page 80 2. Select and press the SEQ option If you did not make any errors while downloading waveforms and creating your sequence table, then you should be able to observe your sequenced waveform at the LW120 outputs. LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET STD.

  • Page 81: Changing Sequence Advance Modes

    User Manual LW120 Changing Sequence As was explained above, the LW120 steps through an index of links; It may loop a few times on a designated link and eventually, Advance Modes after the last link, the process repeats itself. Stepping from link to link through the sequence table is done automatically by the instrument.
  • Page 82 1. Press the WAVEFORM button 2. Select and press the SEQ option 3. Select and press the Advance Mode option 4. Rotate the dial to select an advance mode LeCroy MODEL 100 MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM RESET Sequenced...

  • Page 83: Remote Programming Reference

    User Manual LW120 Chapter 4 REMOTE PROGRAMMING REFERENCE What’s In This This Chapter lists and describes the set of SCPI-compatible (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) remote commands used Chapter to operate the LW120. To provide familiar formatting for users who have previously used the SCPI reference documentation, the command descriptions are dealt with in a similar manner.

  • Page 84: Command Format

    User Manual LW120 Command Format The format used to show commands in this manual is shown below: FREQuency {<frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum} The command syntax shows most commands (and some parameters) as a mixture of upper and lowercase letters. The uppercase letters indicate the abbreviated spelling for the command. For shorter program lines, send the abbreviated form.

  • Page 85: The Min And Max Parameters

    User Manual LW120 The MIN and MAX Substitute MINimum or MAXimum in place of a parameter for some commands. For example, consider the following command: Parameters FREQuency {<frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum} Instead of selecting a specific frequency, substitute MIN to set the frequency to its minimum value or MAX to set the frequency to its maximum value.

  • Page 86: Scpi Parameter Types

    User Manual LW120 The SCPI language defines four different data formats to be used in SCPI Parameter program messages and response messages: numeric, discrete, Type boolean, and arbitrary block. Commands that require numeric parameters will accept all commonly Numeric Parameters used decimal representations of numbers including optional signs, decimal points, and scientific notation.

  • Page 87: Binary Block Parameters

    User Manual LW120 Binary block parameters are used for loading segment and sequence Binary Block tables into the generator's memory. Information on the binary block Parameters parameters is given later in this manual. SCPI Syntax and Where possible the syntax and styles used in this section follow those defined by the SCPI consortium.
  • Page 88 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :FORMat :BORDer GPIB command only NORMal | SWAPped :INSTRument [:SELect] 1 | 2 :COUPle [:STATe] OFF | ON :MODE MASTer | SLAVe :PHASe [:OFFSet] 4 point increments...
  • Page 89 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :FREQuency [:CW] (1e6;100e-6;50e6) | MINimum | MAXimum :RASTer (1e7;100e-3;100e6) | MINimum | MAXimum :SOURce INTernal | EXTernal :DIVider (1;1;65535) Integers only :ROSCillator :SOURce INTernal | EXTernal...
  • Page 90 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :RAMP :DELay (0;0;99.9) :TRANsition [:LEADing] (60;0;99.9) :TRAiling (30;0;99.9) :GAUSsian :EXPonent (20;10;200) :SINC :NCYCle (10;4;100) :EXPonential :EXPonent (1;-20.00;20.00) [:AMPLitude] (100;-100;100) :DATA <arbitrary_block> :DEViation (10e6;100e-3;100e6) :FUNCtion...
  • Page 91 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :SWEep [:FREQuency] :STOP (20e6;100e-3;100e6) [:STATe] OFF | ON :TIME (1e-3;1e-3;1000) :DIRection UP | DOWN :SPACing LINear | LOGarithmic :TRIGger CONTinuous | TRIGgered | GATed :MODE CONTinuous | TRIGgered | GATed :SLOPe...
  • Page 92 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :INITiate [:IMMediately] :CONTinuous ON | OFF :TRIGger :BURSt [:STATe] OFF | ON :COUNt (1;1;1E6) :SOURce :ADVance EXTernal | INTernal :GATE [:STATe] OFF | ON :SLOPe POSitive | NEGative...
  • Page 93 User Manual LW120 Table 4-1. Model LW120 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes *CLS *ESE (0;0;255) *OPC *RST *SRE (0;0;255) *TRG *ESE? Query only *ESR? Query only *IDN? Query only *OPC? Query only *OPT? Query only *SRE? Query only...

  • Page 94: Source Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 SOURce This subsystem is used to control output functions, shape and parameters, frequency, amplitude and amplitude modulation, and filter Subsystem type. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
  • Page 95 User Manual LW120 :SLOPe (?) {POSitive|NEGative POSitive :MARKer (?) <mark_sclk> 64e6,100e-3,100e6 :VOLTage (?) {<ampl>|MINimum|MAXimum} 5,10e-3,10 :OFFSet (?) <offs> 0,-4.5,4.5 :SINusoid :PHASe (?) <phase> 0,0,360 :TRIangle :PHASe (?) <phase> 0,0,360 :SQUare :DCYCle (?) <duty_cycle> 50,1,99 :PULSe :DELay (?) <delay> 10,0,99.9 :WIDTh (?) <pulse_width>...
  • Page 96 User Manual LW120 Parameter range <freq> 10e3 to 50e6 <ampl> 10e-3 to 10 <offs> -4.5 to +4.5 <phase> 0 to 360 APPLy:SINusoid? Response 1e6,5,0,0 The LW120 will return <freq>, <ampl>,<offs>,<phase>. Default values are APPLy:TRIangle{<freq>,<ampl>,<offs>,<phase>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the LW120 to output triangular waveform along with its associated parameters •...
  • Page 97 User Manual LW120 APPLy:SQUare? Response 1e6,5,0,50 The LW120 will return <freq>,<ampl>,<offs>,<duty_cycle>. Default values are APPLy:PULSe{<freq>,<ampl>,<offs>,<delay>,<rise>,<high>,<fall>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the LW120 to output pulse waveform along with its associated parameters • <freq> sets the output frequency in units of hertz •...
  • Page 98 User Manual LW120 Parameter range <freq> 10e3 to 50e6 <ampl> 10e-3 to 10 <offs> -4.5 to +4.5 <delay> 0 to 99.9 <rise> 0 to 99.9 <fall> 0 to 99.9 APPLy:RAMP? Response 1e6,5,0,10,10,10 The LW120 will return <freq>, <ampl>,<offs>,<delay>,<high>,<fall>. Default values are APPLy:SINC{<freq>,<ampl>,<offs>,<N_cycles>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the LW120 to output sinc waveform along with its...
  • Page 99 User Manual LW120 Parameter range <freq> 10e3 to 50e6 <ampl> 10e-3 to 10 <offs> -4.5 to +4.5 <exp> -20 to +20 APPLy:EXPonential? Response 1e6,5,0,1 The LW120 will return <freq>, <ampl>,<offs>,<exp>. Default values are APPLy:GAUSsian{<freq>,<ampl>,<offs>,<exp>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the LW120 to output gaussian waveform along with its associated parameters •...
  • Page 100 User Manual LW120 APPLy:USER{<seg# >,<sclk>,<ampl>,<offs>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the LW120 to output user-defined waveform along with its associated parameters • <seg# > selects the active segment number • <sclk> sets the sample clock frequency in units of samples per second •...
  • Page 101 User Manual LW120 The LW120 will return 1 if the FM is on, or 0 if the FM is off. Default is 0. FM:DATA#<header><binary_block> Purpose This command will download FM modulating waveform data in binary download. Using this command, Arbitrary FM waveform table data is loaded to the LW120 using high-speed binary transfer in a similar way to downloading waveform data with the trace command.
  • Page 102 User Manual LW120 Convert the result from 1 above to 4-byte (32-bit) binary word and union with an 8-bit control word as shown in Figure 4-8 (Refer to Downloading FM Modulating Waveforms Using DMA). Use an I/O routine such as ViMoveAsync (from the VISA I/O library) to transfer binary blocks of data to the generator.
  • Page 103 User Manual LW120 FM:FUNCtion:SHAPe(SINusoid|TRIangle|SQUare|RAMP} Purpose This command will select one of the waveform shapes as the active modulating waveform. • SINusoid will select sine shape as modulating waveform • TRIangle will select triangular shape as modulating waveform • SQUare will select square shape as modulating waveform •...
  • Page 104 User Manual LW120 FM:FREQuency:RASTer? Response and default The LW120 will return the present modulating waveform sample clock frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 1KHz would be returned as 1E3 – positive numbers are unsigned).
  • Page 105 User Manual LW120 FREQuency? Response and default The LW120 will return the present frequency value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mHz would be returned as 100E-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 1e6. FREQuency:RASTer{<sclk>|MINimum|MAXimum} Purpose This command modifies the sample clock frequency of the arbitrary waveform in units of samples per...
  • Page 106 User Manual LW120 Parameter type Numeric Parameter range <divider> 1 to 65535 FREQuency:RASTer:DIVider? Response and default The LW120 will return the present channel 2 sample clock frequency divider value. Default value is 1. FSK:FREQuency:RASTer<FM_sclk> Purpose This command will set the shift sample clock frequency. When set to operate in FSK mode, the LW120 will hop from carrier sample clock frequency to shifted sample clock frequency.
  • Page 107 User Manual LW120 • <time> will set the ramp up and down time Parameter type Numeric Parameter range <time> 10e-6 to 1 in units of seconds FSK:RAMP:TIME? Response and default The LW120 will return the present ramp time value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 10ms would be returned as 10E-3 –...
  • Page 108 User Manual LW120 Response and default The LW120 will return SIN, TRI, SQU, PULS, RAMP, SINC, EXP, GAUS, NOIS, or DC depending on the present LW120 setting. Default value is SIN. ROSCillator:SOURce{INTernal|EXTernal} Purpose This command will select the reference source for the sample clock generator. •...
  • Page 109 User Manual LW120 SWEep:TIME? Response and default The LW120 will return the present sweep time value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 10ms would be returned as 10E-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 1e-3. SWEep:DIRection{UP|DOWN} Purpose This command will select the sweep direction up and down.
  • Page 110 User Manual LW120 Response and default The LW120 will return CONT, T G, or GATE depending on its present setting. Default is CONT. SWEep:TRIGger:SLOPe(POSitive|NEGative} Purpose This command will select slope sensitivity for the sweep trigger input. • POSitive will select rising edge •...
  • Page 111 User Manual LW120 <MAXimum> 10 in units of volts VOLTage? Response to query version The LW120 will return the present amplitude value. The returned value will be in standard scientific format (for example: 100mV would be returned as 100E-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 5. VOLTage:OFFSet<offs>...
  • Page 112 User Manual LW120 Parameter range <phase> 0 to 360 in units of degrees TRIangle:PHASe? Response and default The LW120 will return the present start phase value. Default value is 0. SQUare:DCYCle<duty_cycle> Purpose This command programs duty cycle of the standard square waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 113 User Manual LW120 Parameter range <pulse_width> 0 to 99.9 in units of percent PULSe:WIDTh? Response and default The LW120 will return the present width value. Default value is 10. PULSe:TRANsition<rise> Purpose This command programs pulse transition from low to high of the standard pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 114 User Manual LW120 <delay> 0 to 99.9 in units of percent RAMP:DELay? Response and default The LW120 will return the present delay value. Default value is 0. RAMP:TRANsition<rise> Purpose This command programs ramp transition from low to high of the standard ramp waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms.
  • Page 115 User Manual LW120 SINC:NCYCle? Response and default The LW120 will return the present number of zero-crossing value. Default value is 10. GAUSsian:EXPonent<exp> Purpose This command programs the exponent for the standard gaussian pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. •...

  • Page 116: Output Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 OUTPut This subsystem controls the characteristics of the output. It controls filter type and filter cutoff frequency. It is also used to control the sync Subsyste output, source and position. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
  • Page 117 User Manual LW120 OUTPut:FILTer? Response and default The LW120 will return NONE, 25M, 50M, or ALL depending on the type of filter presently connected to the output. Default value is NONE. OUTPut:SYNC{OFF|ON|0|1} Purpose This command will turn the LW120 SYNC output on and off. •...
  • Page 118 User Manual LW120 <position> 0 to 999999 in units of waveform points. The sync position can be programmed in increments of 4 points minimum. OUTPut:SYNC:POSition? Response and default The LW120 will return the present duty cycle value. Default value is 50. Response to query version The LW120 will return the present SYNC position value.

  • Page 119: Format Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 FORMat The FORMat subsystem sets a data format for transferring array information. This data format is used for commands that are Subsystem specifically designated to be affected by the FORMat subsystem. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.

  • Page 120: Instrument Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 INSTrument A dual channel arbitrary waveform generator is considered as two logical instruments. The INSTrument subsystem provides a Subsystem mechanism to identify and select instrument channels. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
  • Page 121 User Manual LW120 INSTrument:COUPle? Response and default The LW120 will return 0, or 1 depending on the present instrument couple setting. Default value is 0. INSTrument:COUPle:MODE{MASTer|SLAVe} Purpose This command will select master and slave instruments in multi-instrument synchronization mode. Note that only one instrument in a chain may be set as master.

  • Page 122: Trigger Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 The TRIGger subsystem is used to synchronize device actions with TRIGger external events. These commands control the trigger modes of the Subsystem Model LW120. The generator can be placed in Triggered, Gated or Burst mode. Trigger source is selectable from an external source, an internal trigger generator or a software trigger.
  • Page 123 User Manual LW120 ARM:SLOPe{POSitive|NEGative} Purpose This command will set the edge sensitivity of which the LW120 will stop in arm mode. The stop and start commands are applied at the rear-panel TRIG IN connector. • POSitive will set the positive edge •...
  • Page 124 User Manual LW120 TRIGger:BURSt{OFF|ON|0|1} Purpose This command will set the burst mode. This command will affect the LW120 only after it will be set to interrupted operation with the command INIT:CONT OFF. • ON or 1 will set the burst mode on •...
  • Page 125 User Manual LW120 Parameter type Discrete TRIGger:SLOPe? Response and default The LW120 will return POS, or NEG depending on the present trigger setting. Default value is POS. TRIGger:SOURce:ADVance{EXTernal|INTernal} Purpose This command will set the advance source for the trigger mode. •...

  • Page 126: Trace Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 TRACe The TRACe subsystem contains commands, which allow definition of segments and their corresponding lengths, addition and deletion of Subsystem segments, and the loading of waveform data. Sequence commands control segments link and loops. DMA command places LW120 in a special data transfer mode where the generator’s message-based interface is bypassed and data is loaded directly from the data bus.
  • Page 127 User Manual LW120 Waveforms are created using small sections of the arbitrary memory. The memory can be partitioned into smaller segments (up to 4096) and different waveforms can be loaded into each segment, each having a unique length. Minimum segment size is 16 points, as long as its playback time is more than 10 µs. Information on how to partition the memory, define segment length and download waveform data to the LW120 is given in the following paragraphs.
  • Page 128 User Manual LW120 Transfer of definite length arbitrary block data must terminate with the EOI bit set. This way, carriage-return (CR – 0dH) and line feed (LF – 0aH) characters can be used as waveform data points and will not cause unexpected termination of the arbitrary block data.
  • Page 129 User Manual LW120 low-byte high-byte 2 control bits. Must be set to 0, initially Figure 4-3 . 16-bit Waveform Data Point Representation As an example, Figure 4-4 shows word value of decimal 8025 (0x1F59) in a correct format for downloading to the LW120.
  • Page 130 User Manual LW120 Purpose This command will delete a segment. The memory space that is being freed will be available for new waveforms as long as the new waveform will be equal or smaller in size to the deleted segment. If the deleted segment is the last segment, then the size of another waveform written to the same segment is not limited.
  • Page 131 User Manual LW120 SEGment#<header><binary_block> Purpose This command will divide the waveform memory to smaller segments and will speed up memory segmentation. The idea is that waveform segments can be built as one long waveform and then just use this command to split the waveform to the appropriate memory segments. In this way, there is no need to define and download waveforms to individual segments.

  • Page 132: Generating Sequenced Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 = ADD +(SIZE / 4) = = 256 + 10,000 / 4 = 256 + 2,500 = 2756; and in hex = 0x100 + 0x9C4 = 0xAC4 The segment size is entered using the actual size of the segment. Do not divide the segment size as was done for the address.
  • Page 133 User Manual LW120 LW120 using high-speed binary transfer in a similar way to downloading waveform data with the trace command. High-speed binary transfer allows any 8-bit bytes (including extended ASCII code) to be transmitted in a message. This command is particularly useful for long sequences that use a large number of segment and sequence steps.
  • Page 134 User Manual LW120 SEGMENT NUMBER (INTEGER) REPEAT (LONG) TRUNCATE MODE (BYTE) 0/23 FORMAT SEG # REPEAT LSB 0 = NORMAL MODE LSB 1 = TRIG'D Figure 4-6 . 48-bit Sequence Table Download Format SEQuence:ADVance(?){AUTOmatic|STEP|SINGle|MIXed} Purpose This command will select the sequence advance mode. The way the instrument advances through the sequence links can be specified by the user.
  • Page 135 User Manual LW120 3) Assign the mixed mode bits for each sequence step in your SEQ:DEF command. “0” programs normal advance, “1” programs trigger advance. Step with a “0” bit assigned to it will advance automatically to the next step. If “1” is assigned to a step, the instrument will generate this step and its associated number of repeats continuously and only a valid trigger signal will advance this step to the next step.
  • Page 136 User Manual LW120 loops of segment 3 and will advance to segment 4. From segment 4 the generator will automatically advance to the beginning of the sequence and will repeat the above. NOTE Although trigger signals are used to advance mixed mode, the mixed mode operates in continuous mode only.

  • Page 137: Downloading Waveforms Using The Dma Port

    User Manual LW120 Downloading Waveforms Using the DMA Port When selecting the WAVE option, the DMA mode prepares the LW120 to accept waveform data directly from the controller’s DMA port, without traffic control of the internal CPU and without standard GPIB handshake.

  • Page 138: Downloading Fm Waveforms Using The Dma Port

    User Manual LW120 low-byte high-byte Control Bits Figure 4-7 . Terminating the DMA mode with the MSB Control bit set to “1” Downloading FM Waveforms Using the DMA port When selecting the FM option, the DMA mode prepares the LW120 to accept FM modulating waveform data directly from the controller’s DMA port, without traffic control of the internal CPU and without standard GPIB handshake.
  • Page 139 User Manual LW120 five 8-bit words before it can be used by the LW120 as FM modulating waveform data. Figure 4-8 shows how to prepare the 40-bit word for the FM modulating waveform. There are a number of points you should be aware of before you start preparing the data: 1.

  • Page 140: System Subsystem

    User Manual LW120 SYSTem The system-related commands are not related directly to waveform generation but are an important part of operating the LW120. These Subsystem commands can reset or test the instrument, or query the instrument for system information. Keyword Parameter Form Default,Low Limit,High Limit :SYSTem...
  • Page 141 Channel 2 failure Sequence generator channel 1 failure Sequence generator channel 2 failure Channel 2 sample clock divider failure *IDN? Purpose This query will interrogate the identity of the LW120. Response to query The LW120 will return LeCroy,LW120,0,1.0. Remote Programming Reference 4-59...
  • Page 142 ASCII 0 for each. For example, Model LW120 response to *IDN? is: LeCroy,LW120,0,1.0 *OPC - Set the "operation complete" bit (bit 0) in the Standard Event register after the previous commands have been executed.

  • Page 143: The Scpi Status Registers

    User Manual LW120 with LMPC option. *RST - Resets the generator to its default state. Default values are listed in Table 4-1. *SRE <enable_value> - Enables bits in the Status Byte enable register. *SRE? - Query the Status Byte enable register. The generator returns a decimal value in the range of 0 to 63 or 128 to 191 since bit 6 (RSQ) cannot be set.

  • Page 144: The Status Byte Register (Stb)

    User Manual LW120 user can read from and write to an Enable Register. Querying an Enable Register will not clear it. The *CLS command does not clear Enable Registers but it does clear bits in the event registers. To enable bits in an enable register, write a decimal value that corresponds to the binary-weighted sum of the bits required to enable in the register.
  • Page 145 User Manual LW120 Standard Event Status Register 5 4 3 2 1 0 *ESR? & & & & & & Queue & Not Empty Standard Event & Status Register *ESE <value> 5 4 3 2 1 0 Output Queue *ESE? read by Serial Poll Service Status Byte Register...

  • Page 146: Reading The Status Byte Register

    User Manual LW120 The Status Byte summary register can be read with the *STB? Reading the Status common query. The *STB? common query causes the generator to Byte Register send the contents of the Status Byte register and the MSS (Master Summary Status) summary message as a single <NR1 Numeric Response Message>...

  • Page 147: Standard Event Status Register (Esr)

    User Manual LW120 The Standard Event Status Register reports status for special Standard Event applications. The 8 bits of the ESR have been defined by the IEEE- Status Register STD-488.2 as specific conditions, which can be monitored and (ESR) reported back to the user upon request. The Standard Event Status Register is destructively read with the *ESR? common query.

  • Page 148: Standard Event Status Enable Register (Ese)

    User Manual LW120 The Standard Event Status Enable Register allows one or more Standard Event events in the Standard Event Status Register to be reflected in the Status Enable ESB summary message bit. The Standard Event Status Enable Register (ESE) Register is an 8-bit register that enables corresponding summary messages in the Standard Event Status Register.
  • Page 149 User Manual LW120 characters): -102,"Syntax error" A complete listing of the errors that can be detected by the generator is given below. -100,"Command error". When the generator cannot detect more specific errors, this is the generic syntax error used. -101,"Invalid Character". A syntactic element contains a character, which is invalid for that type.
  • Page 150 User Manual LW120 3. Activating filters when the LW120 is set to output the built-in sine waveform, or activating the built-in sine waveform when one of the LW120 filters is turned on. Corrective action: If in sine, select another function and activate the filter(s). 4.

  • Page 151: Arbexplorer

    Chapter 5 ArbExplorer What’s In This is Chapter contains information how to install, invoke and use ArbExplorer. Introduction to ArbExplorer and examples how to Chapter program instrument controls and parameters and how to generate waveforms and download them to the LW120 are also given in the following sections.

  • Page 152: Installing Arbexplorer

    Once you are familiar with the basics, you’ll continue to learn about features, programming, and editing commands. If you can’t find the answer to a question in this guide, call your distributor or the LeCroy customer support service near you and we’ll gladly assist you with your problems.

  • Page 153: The Opening Screen

    User Manual LW120 neously. In this example, the letter is S. The control key also appears in the menus as a target sign. [↑] [↓] [→] [←] Press the Arrow key with the sym bol pointing in the direction specified (i.e., up, down, left, or right). <+>...
  • Page 154 User Manual LW120 top. You can check the “Store and don’t show…” so next time you invoke ArbExplorer, this dialog box will not be displayed. The purpose of this dialog box is to update the program in the way you intend to use it.

  • Page 155: Arbexplorer Features

    User Manual LW120 panels and waveform composers will affect this instrument only. 2. ArbExplorer can address only one RS232 instrument. 3. ArbExplorer can address any combination of GPIB and RS232 instruments as long as there is only one RS232 instrument attached to the computer. The Panels bar provides direct access to instrument control panels.
  • Page 156 User Manual LW120 between the Amplitude and Offset LED’s. The selection buttons have momentary push action, so pressing (clicking a mouse on) this button will change the reading on the display to correspond with the selected parameter. The Channel 1 State button in the Output group has toggles the output on and off.

  • Page 157: The Main Panel

    ON, or OFF the main outputs. Controls, where applicable, are provided for each channel separately. Parameters that are associated with the second channel will be ignored, If you have Model LW110. Figure 5-47. The Main Panel If you are connected properly to a GPIB or RS232 link and...

  • Page 158: Parameters

    User Manual LW120 program. The functional groups in the Main Panel are explained below. Parameters The Parameters group contains two parameters for each channel: Amplitude and Offset. To access the required parameter, click on the button below the Channel1 or Channel 2 group until the LED next to the required parameter turns on.

  • Page 159: Sync Output

    User Manual LW120 operating mode options, the LW120 will be updated with the new trigger option and the Trigger Panel will pop up, allowing adjustments of trigger parameters. SYNC Output The SYNC Output group controls SYNC parameters and enables or disables the SYNC output.

  • Page 160: 10 Mhz Ref

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-48. The Standard Waveforms Panel 10 MHz Ref group provides selection between internal or externa 10 MHz Ref references. The LW120 has two reference options: Standard – ppm and TCXO – 1ppm. An exter nal reference input is provided for applications requiring better accuracy and stability.

  • Page 161: The Arbitrary & Sequence Panel

    User Manual LW120 Also note that the digital readout has an autodetect mechanism for the high and low limits. You cannot exceed the limits if you are using the dial but only if you use the keypad. In case you do, the program will not let you download an illegal parameter and you’ll be requested to correct your setting.

  • Page 162: Sample Clock

    User Manual LW120 mechanism for the high and low limits. You cannot exceed the limits if you are using the dial but only if you use the keypad. In case you do, the program will not let you download an illegal parameter and you’ll be requested to correct your setting.

  • Page 163: Using The Segment Table

    User Manual LW120 ernal references. The LW120 has two reference options: Standard – 1 00ppm and TCXO – 1ppm. An external reference input is provided applications requiring better accuracy and stability. Click on th Internal button to select the Internal reference, or the External button to a ctivate the external reference input.
  • Page 164 User Manual LW120 third etc. The second alternative is to use what ArbExplorer has offer and that is to make up one long waveform that contains many aller segments, download it to the instrument in one shot and the nload a segment table that splits the entire waveform memory in the required segment sizes.

  • Page 165: Using The Sequence Table

    User Manual LW120 you start designing your segment table from fresh. Click on the Close to discard of the contents of the dialog box without saving your last actions and to remove the Segment Table from the screen but click on the Store key if you w ant just to save your work before you close the dialog box.
  • Page 166 User Manual LW120 Figure 5-51. The Sequence Table There are four major elements that you should consider while programming a sequence table. They are: Link#, Loop(s), Segment# and Adv. These elements are explained below. Link # - This parameter defines an index array for the sequence generator.

  • Page 167: The Trigger Panel

    User Manual LW120 will loop 20 times. Also notice that mixed mode advance flag has been assigned to segment 4. This flag will cause the sequence to stop on segment 4 until the LW120 will be triggered for the next sequence cycle.

  • Page 168: Slope

    User Manual LW120 blue, indicating that the LW120 has not been updated with the new parameter. Pressing Execute will update instrument and will restore the color of the digital readout to dark blue, indicating that the displayed value is same as the generator setting. Also note that the digital readout has an autodetect mechanism for the high and low limits.

  • Page 169: Frequency Modulation

    User Manual LW120 change the state to on for more than one modulation option. The functional groups in the Modulation Panel are divided to three parts: Frequency Modulation, FSK and Sweep. These groups are described below. Figure 5-52. The Modulation Panel The Frequency Modulation group contains parameters for controlling Frequency Modulation the sample clock.

  • Page 170: Fsk

    User Manual LW120 uired setting. After you modify the reading, press Execute ate the LW120 with the new reading. Note Normal color of the digital reading is dark blue. If you modify the reading, the color changes to a lighter shade of blue, indicating that the LW120 has not been updated yet with the new parameter.

  • Page 171: Sweep

    User Manual LW120 keyboard, or the [↑] [↓} keys to adjust the readout to the re quired setting. After you modify the reading, press Execute to update the LW120 with the new reading. Sweep The Sweep group c ontains parameters for controlling sweep options. To turn the Sweep function on and off, click on the State button in this group.

  • Page 172: The Utility Panel

    User Manual LW120 appropriate section in this manual to learn more about triggered sweep. Slope – The Slope sub-group l et you select edge sensitivity for the trigger input of the LW120. If you click on Positive, the instrument will trig ger on the rising edge of the trigger signal.

  • Page 173: Inter-Channel Control

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-53. The Utility Panel Inter-Channel Control group lets you place an offset betwee Inter-Channel Control nnel 2 and 1. The offset is applied between the leading edges two channels and is given in units of waveform points. To adjus Offset parameter, click on the button below parameter.

  • Page 174: The System And Command Editor

    User Manual LW120 correct your setting. The Multi-Instrument Sync Control group lets you synchronize Multi-Instruments Sync between multiple instruments and program phase offset between Control instruments. The phase offset is applied between the leading edges of the two instruments and is given in units of waveform points. To adjust the Ph.

  • Page 175: Communication

    User Manual LW120 igure 5-54. System Control and the Command Editor The Communication group lets you select the proper communication Communication link for connecting the LW120 to the computer. In general, ArbExplorer does that automatically for you if you use the Refresh Communication command.
  • Page 176 The *IDN? queries the generator’s identity. The response is placed in the field next to the *IDN? button. The response is organized into four fields, separated by commas, as shown below: LeCroy,LW120,0,1.0 Command Editor Low-level SCPI commands and queries can be directly sent to the LW120 from the Command field and the LW120 will response to queries in the Response field.

  • Page 177: The Waveform Composer

    User Manual LW120 Being an arbitrary waveform generator, the LW120 has to be loaded The Waveform with waveform data before it can start generating waveforms. The Composer waveform generation and editing utility is part of ArbExplorer and is called – The Waveform Composer. This program gives you tools to create definitions for arbitrary waveforms.

  • Page 178: The Commands Bar

    Wave Composer. The Open Waveform command can convert ASCII. *CSV (comma delimited text), *PRN (space delimited text) and *.0* (LeCroy binary format). For additional information on files format, contact your nearest LeCroy representative.

  • Page 179: Edit Commands

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-56. The Save Wave AS… Dialog Box Print With this command you may print the active Waveform Window. The standard printer dialog box will appear and will let you select printer setup, or print the waveform page. Exit The Exit command ends the current Wave Composer session and takes you back to the Panels screen.

  • Page 180: View Commands

    User Manual LW120 Smooth The Smooth command lets you smooth out rough transitions on your waveform. This is done mathematically by multiplying waveform coordinates by the non-linear portion of a cubic parabola. The Smooth operation is done on segments of the waveform that are bound by anchors.
  • Page 181 User Manual LW120 Map that is automatically invoked when you zoom in. Looking at the Waveform Map, you’ll see that the white portion is the zoomed area. Click and hold on the white area and move your cursor around and the waveform screen will be updated accordingly. While zoomed in you can perform autoline and sketch editing, or zoom-in further by clicking and holding the mouse at one corner and...

  • Page 182: Wave Commands

    User Manual LW120 with the Channel 2 waveform. If you have not yet generated a waveform for channel 2, the waveform screen will show a dc level at vertical point 0. Return to Panel The Return to Panel command will close the wave composer and will return control to the panel screen.

  • Page 183: System Commands

    User Manual LW120 the sine will start. The example shows 90° start phase. Power – The example shows sine cubed. Sine to the power of 1 will generate a perfect sine. Power range is from 1 through 9. Figure 5-58. An Example of Generating Sine Waveforms From the Built-in Library. The System commands let you do two actions: Delete all segments System Commands and download the active waveform to the selected channel.

  • Page 184: The Toolbar

    User Manual LW120 The toolbar cont ains icons for editing the waveform screen, icons for The Toolbar saving and loadin g waveforms, fields for selecting an active channel and for adjusting segment length and more. The Toolbar is shown in Figure 5-15 and the individual icons are described in the following.
  • Page 185 User Manual LW120 the non-linear portion of a cubic parabola. The Smooth operation is done on segments of the waveform that are bound by anchors. Anchor operation is described later in this chapter. lace you anchors on the left and right of your waveform segment and elect the Smoot command.

  • Page 186: The Waveform Screen

    User Manual LW120 intend to program. The LW120 lets you program up to 4096 segments, of which each could be programmed with a unique waveform length. To select a new active segment click on the edit field, use your backspace or delete keys to clear the field and type in the new number.
  • Page 187 User Manual LW120 Figure 5-60. The Waveform Screen Notice on the left top and on the right top there are two triangles pointing to the center of the screen. These are the anchors. The anchor s are used as the start and end pointers where your waveform will be created.

  • Page 188: The Fm Composer

    User Manual LW120 will show you the name you selected for storing your waveform and its path. The FM Composer looks and feels almost like the waveform The FM Composer composer except there is a major difference in what it does. If you look at the opening screen as shown in Figure 5-17, you’ll see that the vertical axis is marked with sample clock frequencies.

  • Page 189: File Commands

    User Manual LW120 Figur e 5-61. The FM Composer Opening Screen File Commands The File command has 4 command lines that control waveform files. Also use this com mand to exit the FM composer program. Description of the various commands under File is given below. New Waveform The New Waveform command will remove the waveform from the een.

  • Page 190: Wave Commands

    User Manual LW120 nearest LeCroy representative. Save Waveform The Save Waveform command will store your active waveform in your LW120 directory, as a binary file with a *.wvf extension. If this is the first time you save your waveform, the Save Waveform As…...
  • Page 191 User Manual LW120 Creating Waveforms From the Built-in Library You can create any waveform from the built-in library using the Wave command. Clicking on one of the Wave options will open a dialog box. An example of the Sine waveform dialog box is shown in Figure 5-19. This dialog box is representative of the rest of the waveforms, so other waveforms will not be described.

  • Page 192: Generating Waveforms Using The Equation Editor

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-63. An Exam ple of Generating Modulating Sine From the Built-in Library. One o f the most owerful feature within ArbExplorer and probab ly the Generating featu re that will e used most is the Equation Editor. The Eq uation Waveforms Using Editor let you write equations the same way as you would do on a...

  • Page 193: Parameters

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-64. The Equation Editor Dialog Box Parameters The Parameters section has three fields: Start Point, End Point and Cycles. Start Point – Defines the first point where the created wave will start. Note that if you change the start point the left anchor will automatically adjust itself to the selected start point.

  • Page 194: Writing Equations

    User Manual LW120 OK button to place your waveform on the waveform screen and to leave the dialog box. The Browse button will open the waveform browser so you can search for pre-stored waveforms to add to your equation. The Operands button will expand the dialog box to show all of the operands that are available for use in the Equation Editor and the Cancel button will remove the dialog box from the screen and will discard of any waveforms that you previewed with your Equation...

  • Page 195: Typing Equations

    User Manual LW120 highest precedence; (multiply) and / (divide) come second; + and - have the lowest precedence. Parentheses may be used to change the order of precedence. The following table summarize the mathematical expressions and their respective abbreviated commands that can be used with the Equation Editor.

  • Page 196: Equation Samples

    User Manual LW120 would normally do in your notebook; You must use the * (multiply) sign, otherwise you'll get a syntax error. Now we'll try to generate a simple sine waveform. Try this: Ampl(p)=sin(10) Press [Preview] and… sorry, you still get nothing on the screen. The Wave Composer did not make a mistake! The sine of 10 in radians is exactly what it shows.
  • Page 197 User Manual LW120 Figure 5-65. Using the Equation Sample to Combine Two Waveforms Now lets try to modulate two sinewaves with different periods and differe nt star p t hase. ype t his: Ampl(p)= 8000*sin(omg*p)*cos(omg*p*30) Press [Preview]. Your s cree n should look like Figure 5-22.
  • Page 198 User Manual LW120 In the following example, as shown in Figure 5-23, 20% second harmonic distortion has been added to a standard sinewave. The original waveform had a peak-to-peak value of 5000 points so 20% second harmonic is equivalent to 1000 points. The frequency of the second harmonic is obviously double that of the fundamental, so term +1000*sin(2*omg*t) is added to the original sine wave equation.
  • Page 199 User Manual LW120 Figure 5-68. Using the Equation Editor to Generate Exponentially Decaying Sinewave The last example as shown in Figure 5-25 is the most complex to be discussed here. Here, 100 cycles of sinewave are amplitude modulated with 10 cycles of sine wave with a modulation depth of 20%.

  • Page 200: Combining Waveforms

    User Manual LW120 Figure 5-69. Using the Equation Editor to Build Amplitude Modulated Signal With Upper and Lower Sidebands Combining The last but not least powerful feature allows you to combine waveforms which you previously stored on your hard disc. You can write mathematical Waveforms expressions that contain waveforms, simple operands and trigonometric functions similar to the example given below.
  • Page 201 User Manual LW120 Ampl(p)= Sine.wav*sin(omg*p*10)*Noise.wav/1000 If you did not make any mistakes, your waveform screen should look as shown in Figure 5-26. Figure 5-70. Combining Waveforms Into Equations ArbExplorer 5-51...
  • Page 202 User Manual LW120 This page was intentionally left blank ArbExplorer 5-52...

  • Page 203: Specifications

    Appen dix A SPECIFICATION Configuration Output Channels 2, semi-independent Inter-Channel Control Leading Edge Offset Description Channel 2 edge trails channel 1 edge by a programmable number of points. Offset Units Waveform points Range 0 to 999999 points Resolution and Accuracy 1 point, or 1 sample clock period of channel 2 Initial Skew <±2 ns, with sclk divider = 1;...
  • Page 204 User Manual LW120 SAMPLE CLOCK Sources: Internal ange 100 mS/s to 100 MS/s 7 digits limited by 1 µS/s (10 digits using GPIB programming) Resolution Accuracy Same as reference Stability Same as reference Reference ≥0.01% (100 ppm oscillator) initial tolerance over a 19°C to Standard 29°C temperature range;...
  • Page 205 User Manual LW120 Description Current segment is sampled contin uously. External low TTL level programs carrier sample clock , external high TTL level programs shifted sample clock frequency. FSK operates in user shape (arbitrary) waveforms only. Carrier Sample Clock Range 100 mS/s to 100 MS/s FSK Source External...
  • Page 206 User Manual LW120 Trigger Start Phase Waveform starts from point n and completes at point n-1. Prog rammable Units Waveform points Range 0 to 999999 waveform points Resoluti 4 points B akpoint Waveform starts afte r trigger and stops at breakpoint position.
  • Page 207 User Manual LW120 Gaussian Pulse Frequency Range 10 mHz to 12.5 MHz, usable above 12.5 MHz Adjustable Parameters Time Constant 10 to 200 Exponential Decaying/Rising Pulse Frequency Range 10 mHz to 12.5 MHz, usa ble above 12.5 MHz Adjustabl e Paramete Time Constant -100 to 100...
  • Page 208 User Manual LW120 Mixed Sequence A dvance ach step of a sequence can be programmed to advance either a) automatically (Automatic Sequence Advance), or with a trigger (Step ped Sequence Advance) ance So urce External, rear panel BNC; Inte rnal; GPIB Sequencer steps From 1 to 4096 Segment loops...
  • Page 209 User Manual LW120 Sinewave Output Description An output that is directly derived from the sample clock generator and has an output frequency equal to the programmed sample clock frequency. This output generates sine waveforms that corresponds to sample clock setting, including modulated waveform, such as FM, sw eep, FSK and Ramped FSK...
  • Page 210 User Manual LW120 50%, ±5% Duty Cycle AM Input Modulation In Rear panel BNC 1 M, ±5% Impedance ±12 V Max Inp ut Voltage Sensitivity 0 V to +5 V (5 Vp-p) produce 100% modulation Source External Modulation Range 0 to 100% Bandwidth DC to 500 KHz GENERAL...

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