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Chapter 9 TRUE OR FALSE ECHOS ON
The radar operator has a role of interpreting the radar displays to provide his best aid in maneuvering the ship.
For this purpose, the operator has to observe the radar displays after fully understanding the advantages and
disadvantages that the radar has.
For better interpretation of radar display, it is important to gain more experiences by operating the radar
equipment in fair weathers and comparing the target ships watched with the naked eyes and their echoes on
the radar display.
The radar is mainly used to monitor the courses of own ship and other ships in open seas, to check buoys and
other nautical marks when entering a port, to measure own ship's position in the coastal waters relative to the
bearings and ranges of the shore or islands using a chart, and to monitor the position and movement of a
heavy rain if it appears on the radar display. Various types of radar display will be explained below.
9.1 RADAR WAVE WITH THE HORIZON
Radar beam radiation has the nature of propagating nearly along the curved surface of the earth. The
propagation varies with the property of the air layer through which the radar beam propagates. In the normal
propagation, the distance (D) of the radar wave to the horizon is approximately 10% longer than the distance
to the optical horizon. The distance (D) is given by the following formula:
D = 2.23( h1 +
h1: Height (m) of radar scanner above sea level
h2: Height (m) of a target above sea level
Fig. 9-1-1 is a diagram for determining the maximum detection range of a target that is limited by the curve of
the earth surface in the normal propagation.
DISPLAY
h2) (nm)
Fig. 9-1-1
Chapter 9 TRUE OR FALSE EHOS ON DISPLAY
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