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Set/Reset
An asynchronous storage element input (SR) can be con-
figured as either set or reset. This configuration option
determines the state in which each flip-flop becomes oper-
ational after configuration. It also determines the effect of a
Global Set/Reset pulse during normal operation, and the
effect of a pulse on the SR pin of the CLB. All three set/
reset functions for any single flip-flop are controlled by the
same configuration data bit.
The set/reset state can be independently specified for each
flip-flop. This input can also be independently disabled for
either flip-flop.
The set/reset state is specified by using the INIT attribute,
or by placing the appropriate set or reset flip-flop library
symbol.
SR is active High. It is not invertible within the CLB.
Global Set/Reset
A separate Global Set/Reset line (not shown in
sets or clears each storage element during power-up,
reconfiguration, or when a dedicated Reset net is driven
active. This global net (GSR) does not compete with other
routing resources; it uses a dedicated distribution network.
Each flip-flop is configured as either globally set or reset in
the same way that the local set/reset (SR) is specified.
Therefore, if a flip-flop is set by SR, it is also set by GSR.
Similarly, a reset flip-flop is reset by both SR and GSR.
PAD
IBUF
Figure 3: Schematic Symbols for Global Set/Reset
GSR can be driven from any user-programmable pin as a
global reset input. To use this global net, place an input pad
and input buffer in the schematic or HDL code, driving the
GSR pin of the STARTUP symbol. (See
cific pin location can be assigned to this input using a LOC
attribute or property, just as with any other user-program-
mable pad. An inverter can optionally be inserted after the
input buffer to invert the sense of the Global Set/Reset sig-
nal.
Alternatively, GSR can be driven from any internal node.
Data Inputs and Outputs
The source of a storage element data input is programma-
ble. It is driven by any of the functions F', G', and H', or by
the Direct In (DIN) block input. The flip-flops or latches
drive the XQ and YQ CLB outputs.
March 30, 1998 (Version 1.5)
Two fast feed-through paths are available, as shown in
Figure
YQ outputs selects between a storage element output and
any of the control inputs. This bypass is sometimes used by
the automated router to repower internal signals.
Control Signals
Multiplexers in the CLB map the four control inputs (C1 - C4
in
H2, SR/H0, and EC). Any of these inputs can drive any of
the four internal control signals.
When the logic function is enabled, the four inputs are:
• EC — Enable Clock
• SR/H0 — Asynchronous Set/Reset or H function
• DIN/H2 — Direct In or H function generator Input 2
• H1 — H function generator Input 1.
When the memory function is enabled, the four inputs are:
• EC — Enable Clock
Figure
2)
• WE — Write Enable
• D0 — Data Input to F and/or G function generator
• D1 — Data input to G function generator (16x1 and
Using FPGA Flip-Flops and Latches
The abundance of flip-flops in the XC4000 Series invites
pipelined designs. This is a powerful way of increasing per-
formance by breaking the function into smaller subfunc-
tions and executing them in parallel, passing on the results
STARTUP
through pipeline flip-flops. This method should be seriously
GSR
Q2
considered wherever throughput is more important than
GTS
Q3
latency.
Q1Q4
To include a CLB flip-flop, place the appropriate library
CLK DONEIN
symbol. For example, FDCE is a D-type flip-flop with clock
enable and asynchronous clear. The corresponding latch
X5260
symbol (for the XC4000X only) is called LDCE.
In XC4000 Series devices, the flip flops can be used as
registers or shift registers without blocking the function
generators from performing a different, perhaps unrelated
task. This ability increases the functional capacity of the
devices.
Figure
3.) A spe-
The CLB setup time is specified between the function gen-
erator inputs and the clock input K. Therefore, the specified
CLB flip-flop setup time includes the delay through the
function generator.
Using Function Generators as RAM
Optional modes for each CLB make the memory look-up
tables in the F' and G' function generators usable as an
array of Read/Write memory cells. Available modes are
level-sensitive (similar to the XC4000/A/H families), edge-
triggered, and dual-port edge-triggered. Depending on the
2. A two-to-one multiplexer on each of the XQ and
Figure
2) into the four internal control signals (H1, DIN/
generator Input 0
16x2 modes) or 5th Address bit (32x1 mode).
4-11
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