Page 1 R&S FSH4/8 ® Spectrum Analyzer Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 – 14...
Page 2 ® The Operating Manual describes the following R&S FSH models R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.04) R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.14) R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.24) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.08) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.18) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.28) The manual also covers the following options: R&S FSH-K14 (1304.5770.02) R&S FSH-K41 (1304.5612.02) R&S FSH-K42 (1309.5629.02)
Page 3 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions! All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety.
Page 4 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation.
Page 5 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 2. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death.
Page 6 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 11. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock. 12.
Page 7 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Repair and service 1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.
Page 8 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Transport 1. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting.
Page 9 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá...
Page 10 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Palabras de señal y su significado PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita. ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita. ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.
Page 11 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Seguridad eléctrica Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte. 1.
Page 12 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 11. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al peligro de choque eléctrico. 12.
Page 13 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Reparación y mantenimiento 1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.
Page 14 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales. Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.
Page 15 Safety Instructions Kundeninformation zum Batteriegesetz (BattG) Dieses Gerät enthält eine Batterie bzw. Akkumulator. Die- se dürfen nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden. Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über eine geeignete Sammelstelle oder eine Rohde & Schwarz- Kundendienststelle erfolgen. Beachten Sie unbedingt die Hinweise zu Batterien und Akkumulatoren in den grundlegenden Sicherheitshinwei- sen.
Page 16 Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of the following EC directives: • 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and • 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in e lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).
Page 17 Customer Support Technical support – where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde &...
Page 18 Qualitätszertifikat Certified Quality System ISO 9001 Certificate of quality Certified Environmental System Certificat de qualité ISO 14001 Sehr geehrter Kunde, Dear Customer, Cher client, Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines You have decided to buy a Vous avez choisi d’acheter un pro- Rohde &...
Page 20: Table Of Contents
R&S FSH Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Operating the R&S FSH..............13 Screen Layout and Elements..................13 Means of Input......................14 1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys..................14 1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries ................15 1.2.3 Using the Rotary Knob....................15 1.2.4 Using the Cursor Keys ....................16 Presetting the R&S FSH ....................16 Taking Screenshots....................17 Measurement Setup....................17...
Page 21 R&S FSH Table of Contents 1.9.3.3 Span Selection......................29 1.9.3.4 Amplitude Parameters ....................29 1.9.3.5 Sweep Configuration ....................29 1.9.3.6 Bandwidth Selection ....................30 1.9.3.7 Trace Functionality.......................30 1.9.3.8 Limit Lines........................30 1.9.3.9 Markers ........................31 1.9.4 Functions of the Receiver Mode ..................32 1.9.4.1 Measurement Configuration ..................32 1.9.4.2 Frequency Parameters ....................32 1.9.4.3...
Page 22 R&S FSH Table of Contents 1.9.7.3 Amplitude Parameters ....................40 1.9.7.4 Sweep Configuration ....................40 1.9.7.5 Trace Functionality.......................41 2 Spectrum Analyzer Mode ..............42 Performing Spectrum Measurements..............42 2.1.1 Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals......42 2.1.1.1 Selecting the Standard ....................43 2.1.1.2 Setting the Reference Level ..................44 2.1.1.3 Setting the Channel Bandwidth ...................44...
Page 23 R&S FSH Table of Contents 2.1.5.3 Viewing the Results in a Table ..................62 2.1.6 Measuring the Harmonic Distortion ................63 2.1.6.1 Defining the Number of Harmonics................64 2.1.6.2 Optimizing the Display of Harmonics................65 2.1.6.3 Activating the Harmonics List ..................65 2.1.7 Measuring the AM Modulation Depth ................65 2.1.7.1 Setting a Threshold......................66 2.1.7.2...
Page 24 R&S FSH Table of Contents 2.2.3.1 Setting the Resolution Bandwidth................84 2.2.3.2 Setting the Video Bandwidth..................86 2.2.4 Configuring and Triggering the Sweep ................87 2.2.4.1 Setting the Sweep Time....................87 2.2.4.2 Selecting the Sweep Mode ..................88 2.2.4.3 Working with Trigger Functionality................88 2.2.5 Working with Traces ....................91 2.2.5.1 Selecting the Trace Mode....................91 2.2.5.2...
Page 25 R&S FSH Table of Contents 3.1.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements ..............114 Using a Directional Power Sensor .................117 3.2.1 Connecting a Directional Power Sensor ..............118 3.2.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements ..............118 4 Network Analyzer Mode ..............122 Calibrating Measurements..................123 4.1.1.1 Calibration States.......................124 4.1.1.2 Calibration Methods ....................125 4.1.1.3...
Page 26 R&S FSH Table of Contents 5 Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) ........150 Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements............152 5.1.1 Reflection Measurements ..................152 5.1.2 Distance to Fault Measurements ................153 5.1.3 Spectrum Measurements...................154 5.1.4 Selecting the Measurement Format................154 5.1.5 Calibrating Measurements..................155 5.1.5.1 Calibration States.......................155 5.1.5.2 Calibration Methods ....................155 5.1.5.3...
Page 27 R&S FSH Table of Contents 6.2.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidths for EMI Measurements......169 6.2.3 Defining the Measurement Time................170 6.2.4 Using Transducers.....................170 7 Digital Modulation Analyzer............171 Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals ..............176 7.2.1 The Result Summary ....................176 7.2.1.1 General Settings ......................177 7.2.1.2 Global Results......................178 7.2.1.3...
Page 28 R&S FSH Table of Contents 7.3.3.2 Global Results......................192 7.3.3.3 Channel Table......................192 7.3.4 The PN Scanner ......................193 7.3.5 Configuring the Measurement ...................194 7.3.5.1 Setting the Base Spreading Factor................194 7.3.5.2 Changing the Code Order..................194 7.3.5.3 Changing the Reference Power.................195 7.3.5.4 Selecting the Unit of the Carrier Frequency Error .............195 7.3.5.5 Changing the PN Offset.....................196 7.3.5.6...
Page 29 R&S FSH Table of Contents 7.5.4.4 Selecting the Subframe Configuration for TDD Signals ..........210 7.5.4.5 Selecting the Synchronization Signal ................210 7.5.4.6 Selecting the MIMO Configuration................210 7.5.4.7 Selecting the Unit of the Carrier Frequency Error .............211 7.5.4.8 Configuring EVM Results...................211 8 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results ......................
Page 30 R&S FSH Documentation Overview Documentation Overview The user documentation for the R&S FSH is divided as follows: Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide provides basic information on the instrument's functions. It covers the following topics: overview of all elements of the front and rear panels basic information on how to set up the R&S FSH information on how to operate the R&S FSH in a network instructions on how to perform measurements...
Page 31 R&S FSH Conventions Used in the Documentation Conventions Used in the Documentation The following conventions are used throughout the R&S FSH Operating Manual: Typographical conventions Convention Description “Graphical user interface elements” All names of graphical user interface elements both on the screen and on the front and rear panels, such as dialog boxes, softkeys, menus, options, buttons etc., are enclosed by quotation marks.
Page 32: Operating The R&S Fsh
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Screen Layout and Elements 1 Operating the R&S FSH This chapter provides information about basic functionality and about the user interface of the R&S FSH. 1.1 Screen Layout and Elements The following figure shows the screen layout in cable and antenna test operating mode.
Page 33: Means Of Input
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input 1.2 Means of Input The user interface of the R&S FSH provides several elements for you to input data. Alphanumeric keys Unit keys Rotary knob Cursor keys Enter key Cancel key Back key 1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys Using the alphanumeric keys, you can enter numeric values or characters.
Page 34: Confirming And Cancelling Entries
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Means of Input blank 1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries Depending on the input you have made, there are several ways to confirm entries. Values without unit or values that have a fixed unit that you enter in an input field can be confirmed with the ENTER key or by pressing the center of the rotary knob.
Page 35: Using The Cursor Keys
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Presetting the R&S FSH The rotary knob moves markers around. Again the step size is fixed. Pressing the rotary knob has the same effect as pressing the ENTER key as it confirms an entry or selection. 1.2.4 Using the Cursor Keys Using the cursor keys, you can do several things.
Page 36: Taking Screenshots
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Taking Screenshots 1.4 Taking Screenshots You can take and store a screenshot of the current screen anytime with the key. M Press the key. The R&S FSH takes a screenshot. If available, the R&S FSH stores the screenshot on an external storage device (USB memory stick or SD card).
Page 37: Instrument Setup
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Instrument Setup Note that the contents of the "Measurement Setup" dialog box are customized for each operating mode of the R&S FSH. Therefore, the order and number of displayed settings is different in each mode. 1.6 Instrument Setup The "Instrument Setup"...
Page 38 R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Instrument Setup If you unlock the R&S FSH with the OEM Master PIN, the PIN and, if defined, the User Master PIN are automatically reset to their default values: '0000' (PIN) and '0000000000' (User Master PIN). If you fail to unlock the R&S FSH with the OEM Master PIN, the R&S FSH will force a reboot of the software until you enter the correct OEM Master PIN.
Page 39: Updating The Firmware
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Updating the Firmware M Confirm the new PIN. The R&S FSH changes the PIN accordingly. You can define a User Master PIN the same way. By default, the User Master PIN is the OEM Master PIN as shown in the "Instrument Settings" dialog box. M Select the "Master PIN Code"...
Page 40: Menu And Softkey Overview
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9 Menu and Softkey Overview This chapter shows an overview of all instrument functions in the form of softkey and menu overviews. 1.9.1 General Functions General functions are those that are available for all operating modes. 1.9.1.1 General R&S FSH Setup The SETUP key opens the setup menu that contains functionality to set up the...
Page 41: File Management
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.1.2 File Management The SAVE/RECALL key opens the file manager that contains functionality to manage datasets and other files. 1.9.1.3 Operating Mode Selection The MODE key opens the mode menu that contains functionality to select the operating mode of the R&S FSH.
Page 42: Functions Of The Spectrum Analyzer
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.2 Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in spectrum analyzer mode. 1.9.2.1 Measurement Selection The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.
Page 43 R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Occupied Bandwith TDMA Power Spectrum Emission Mask Harmonic Distortion AM Modulation Depth Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 - 14...
Page 44: Frequency Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Spectrogram Spectrogram Playback 1.9.2.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. 1.9.2.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 - 14...
Page 45: Amplitude Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.2.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram. 1.9.2.5 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains all functionality to configure the sweep. 1.9.2.6 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths.
Page 46: Trace Functionality
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.2.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 1.9.2.8 Display and Limit Lines The LINES key opens a menu that contains the functionality to control display and limit lines.
Page 47: Functions Of The Network Analyzer
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Softkeys in the Marker To Menu 1.9.3 Functions of the Network Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in network analyzer mode. Vector network analyzer functionality is available only with option R&S FSH-K42. 1.9.3.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and...
Page 48: Frequency Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.3.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. 1.9.3.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. 1.9.3.4 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the...
Page 49: Bandwidth Selection
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.3.6 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths. 1.9.3.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 1.9.3.8 Limit Lines The LINES key opens a menu that contains the functionality to control limit lines.
Page 50: Markers
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.3.9 Markers The MARKER and MKR keys open a menus to control markers and use marker functions. Softkey in the Marker Menu Softkeys in the Marker To Menu Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 - 14...
Page 51: Functions Of The Receiver Mode
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.4 Functions of the Receiver Mode This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in receiver mode. Receiver functionality is available with option R&S FSH-K43. 1.9.4.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and configure the measurement.
Page 52: Span Selection
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.4.4 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. 1.9.4.5 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains all functionality to configure the sweep. 1.9.4.6 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths.
Page 53: Functions Of The Power Meter
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview Softkeys in the Marker To Menu 1.9.5 Functions of the Power Meter This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in power meter mode. 1.9.5.1 Power Meter Measurements The MEAS key opens a menu that contains the functionality to configure measurements with the power meter.
Page 54: Amplitude Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.5.3 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key contains functionality to configure level parameters. 1.9.5.4 Sweep Configuration The SWEEP key opens a menu that contains functionality to configure the sweep. 1.9.6 Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in distance-to-fault mode.
Page 55: Frequency Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.6.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. 1.9.6.3 Span Selection The SPAN key opens the span menu that contains functionality to set the span. DTF measurements Reflection and spectrum measurements 1.9.6.4...
Page 56: Bandwidth Selection
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.6.6 Bandwidth Selection The BW key opens a menu that contains all functionality to set the bandwidths. 1.9.6.7 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 1.9.6.8 Markers The MARKER and MKR...
Page 57: Functions Of The Digital Modulation Analyzer
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.7 Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer This section contains all softkeys and menus that are available in digital modulation mode. Digital modulation functionality is available only with one of the correposnding options. 1.9.7.1 Measurement Configuration The MEAS key opens the measurement menu that contains functionality to select and...
Page 58 R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1xEV-DO LTE FDD and TDD Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 - 14...
Page 59: Frequency Parameters
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview 1.9.7.2 Frequency Parameters The FREQ key opens the frequency menu that contains functionality to set up the horizontal axis of the measurement diagram. 1.9.7.3 Amplitude Parameters The AMPT key opens the amplitude menu that contains functionality to set up the vertical axis of the measurement diagram.
Page 60: Trace Functionality
R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH Menu and Softkey Overview CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO 1.9.7.5 Trace Functionality The TRACE key opens the trace menu that contains functionality to set up the traces. 3GPP WCDMA and LTE (Spectrum Overview and Isotropic Antenna only) CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO (Spectrum Overview only) Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 - 14...
Page 61: Spectrum Analyzer Mode
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2 Spectrum Analyzer Mode The default operating mode of the R&S FSH is the spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer provides the functionality to perform measurements in the frequency domain, e.g. to identify the power of signals. 2.1 Performing Spectrum Measurements In addition to basic spectrum measurements, the R&S FSH provides several specific measurements.
Page 62: Selecting The Standard
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Screen layout for channel power measurements Standard Channel bandwidth Channel power numerical Channel bandwidth graphical (blue lines) Channel power measurement softkey menu 2.1.1.1 Selecting the Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory.
Page 63: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.1.2 Setting the Reference Level The reference level is the power level that the R&S FSH expects at the RF input. When selecting the reference level, make sure that you do not overload the R&S FSH by applying a signal whose power exeeds the maximum reference level.
Page 64: Measuring The Maximum Channel Power
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements M Press the SPAN key. In the default configuration, "Auto Span" is active. The R&S FSH automatically sets the optimal span for the channel power measurement. M Press the "Manual Span" softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the span manually.
Page 65: Measuring The Occupied Bandwidth
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.2 Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth The proper operation of a transmission network requires that all transmitters adhere to the bandwidths assigned to them. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth that contains a specified percentage of the entire power of the transmitter. Numerous standards require a occupied bandwidth of 99 %.
Page 66: Selecting A Standard
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.2.1 Selecting a Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform measurements on other standards as well.
Page 67: Setting The Channel Bandwidth
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements To prevent an overload, perform the measurement with the largest resolution bandwidth possible using the peak detector. If you set these parameters, it is not possible for the trace to exceed the reference level.. To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an automatic routine for setting the reference level.
Page 68: Changing The Span
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.2.5 Changing the Span Usually, the span the R&S FSH sets yields optimal results. But sometimes you also need to see the spectrum outside the current span to detect other signal components that you need to include in the measurement.
Page 69: Selecting A Standard
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Screen layout for TDMA power measurements Standard TDMA power Measurement limits Trigger delay Trigger level Measurement time TDMA power measurement softkey menu 2.1.3.1 Selecting a Standard If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in the R&S FSH memory.
Page 70: Setting The Burst Length
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.3.2 Setting the Burst Length The burst length is the measurement time that the R&S FSH performs measurements with. The burst length can be equal or less than the sweep time. M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Burst Length"...
Page 71: Measuring The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (Aclr)
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements If the DUT features some sort of trigger equipment, you can also use an external trigger to trigger measurements. M Connect the DUT trigger output to the R&S FSH trigger input. M Press the SWEEP key. M Press the "Trigger"...
Page 72 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Screen Layout for ACLR measurements Standard Marker information Limit check information Channel information TX channel (red line) Adjacent channel (green line) Alternate channels (green lines) Marker (blue line) ACLR softkey menu The predefined standards are the same as for channel power measurements (3GPP WCDMA, cdmaOne and CDMA2000 1x systems).
Page 73 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Selecting the frequency span If the frequency span is too large in comparison to the channel bandwidth (or the adjacent-channel bandwidths) being examined, only a few points on the trace are available per channel. This reduces the accuracy of the waveform calculation for the channel filter used, which has a negative effect on the measurement accuracy.
Page 74: Selecting A Standard
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Selecting the detector: It is best to use the RMS detector. This detector correctly indicates the power irrespective of the characteristics of the signal to be measured. The whole IF envelope is used to calculate the power for each measurement point. The IF envelope is digitized using a sampling frequency which is at least five times the resolution bandwidth which has been selected.
Page 75: Configuring The Measurement
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.4.2 Configuring the Measurement In addition to creating and editing standards with the R&S FSH4View software, the R&S FSH also provides functionality to set up a measurement configuration. Setting the number of transmission channels M Press the MEAS key.
Page 76 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Setting the channel spacing In case of the R&S FSH, the channel spacing is defined as the distance between the center frequency of the transmission channel and the center frequency to the next transmission channel or the distance between the center frequency of the transmission channel and the center frequency of the adjacent channel.
Page 77: Normalization Of Measurement Results
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Even number of TX channels The two TX channels in the middle are used to calculate the frequency between those two channels. This frequency is aligned to the center frequency. Adjacent or alternate channel spacing is also available for single-carrier measurements.
Page 78: Selecting The Reference Channel
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.4.5 Selecting the Reference Channel When determining relative power values for the adjacent channels, you can set a specific transmission channel as the reference channel. M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Channel Settings" softkey. M Select the "ACLR Ref Setting"...
Page 79: Measuring The Spectrum Emission Mask
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements M Activate the input by pressing the "Select" softkey. The channel turns green and the check box in the first column is marked. M Enter the limit value you need. The R&S FSH automatically activates the check flag, so that the limit is included in future limit checks.
Page 80: Selecting A Standard
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Note that the frequency range of the actual measurement depends on the start and stop frequency you have set on the R&S FSH. Correct measurement results are therefore only possible if the frequency ranges of the SEM are inside the current span of the R&S FSH.
Page 81: Optimizing Measurement Settings
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on the R&S FSH.
Page 82: Measuring The Harmonic Distortion
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Freq [Hz] Power Abs Absolute peak power in the corresponding frequency range. Power Rel Relative peak power in relation to the channel power of the reference channel. U Limit Minimum distance from the limit line to the trace in the corresponding frequency range.
Page 83: Defining The Number Of Harmonics
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Screen layout for the harmonic distortion measurement Harmonics list Total harmonic distortion in % Total harmonic distortion in dB Trace Markers indicating harmonics (blue lines) Harmonic distortion softkey menu 2.1.6.1 Defining the Number of Harmonics By default, the R&S FSH shows the signal and its first harmonic.
Page 84: Optimizing The Display Of Harmonics
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.6.2 Optimizing the Display of Harmonics The R&S FSH places the markers on the other harmonics even if they are outside of the display range. M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Adjust Settings" softkey. The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the ideal reference level, frequency and span in order to display all harmonics.
Page 85: Setting A Threshold
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements If the R&S FSH is unable to find any AM modulated a carriers, it shows the message Screen layout for the AM modulation depth measurement Marker list Modulation depth Trace Threshold line Markers (blue lines) AM modulation depth softkey menu 2.1.7.1...
Page 86: Activating The Marker List
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.7.3 Activating the Marker List To see the exact frequency of the carrier and its sidebands, you can activate the marker list that shows the value for each marker. M Press the MKR key. M Press the "View List"...
Page 87: Controlling The Spectrogram Update
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements Screen layout for the spectrogram Result display Marker and time line information Spectrum result display (optional) Marker/ delta marker (vertical lines) Spectrogram Time lines T1 and T2 (horizontal lines) Scroll direction Spectrogram softkey menu By default, the spectrogram result display consists of two windows.
Page 88: Browsing Through The Signal History
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The spectrogram result display is filled with results until you change a measurement setting. As soon as a setting is changed, the spectrogram clears and starts to fill again. You can also clear the spectrogram manually. M Press the MEAS key.
Page 89: Configuring The Display
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.8.3 Configuring the Display As colors are an important part of the spectrogram, the R&S FSH offers various ways to customize the display for best viewing results. The first and most obvious way to configure the display is to select a different color scheme.
Page 90 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements M Press the "Spectrogram Settings" softkey. M Select the "Spectrogram Reference Level" menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to enter the spectrogram reference level. The reference level should be near the maximum level that has been measured while the spectrogram was running.
Page 91: Recording A Spectrogram
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements The best way to display a spectrogram is therefore to reduce the level range until the lowest signal part is mapped to the lower end of the color map and the highest signal part to the upper end of the color map.
Page 92: Playback Of A Spectrogram
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements 2.1.8.5 Playback of a Spectrogram If you have recorded a spectrogram and have saved it in internal memory, a memory stick or the SD card, you can view the results of that measurement at a later time. M Press the "Playback"...
Page 93 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements M Position the time line by entering a number or moving it with the rotary knob. Entering 0 sets the time line marker on the most recent frame. The maximum value that you can enter is 1024 (the maximum number of frames the R&S FSH can store in its memory).
Page 94: Using Isotropic Antennas
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements M Press the MARKER key. The R&S FSH activates a marker and sets it on the peak level of the currently displayed spectrum. M Use the rotary knob or the cursor keys to move the marker on the horizontal axis to the frequency you want to analyze, or enter the frequency directly with the number...
Page 95 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Performing Spectrum Measurements You can transfer transducer factors to the R&S FSH with the R&S FSH4View software package. In order to activate the measurement with the isotropic antenna, you have to select a transducer factor file with the extension *.isotrd. For more information see "Using Transducer Factors"...
Page 96: Configuring Spectrum Measurements
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements You should also select a secondary transducer to compensate the extension cable of the antenna. M Press the "Transducer" softkey. M Select the "Select Secondary Transducer" menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select transducer factors with the unit dB. M Select one of the available transducer factors.
Page 97: Defining A Frequency Step Size
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.1.2 Defining a Frequency Step Size If you set the center frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the distance of each step that you take depends on the span. With the rotary knob, the smallest possible step is a pixel.
Page 98: Defining A Start And Stop Frequency
A rule of thumb is that it should be at least twice the bandwidth occupied by the signal. The span for frequency domain measurements for the R&S FSH4 is between 100 Hz and 3.6 GHz and for the R&S FSH8 between 100 Hz and 8 GHz.
Page 99: Configuring The Vertical Axis
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If you have to switch between full span and a smaller span, you can do so without having to enter the numeric values. M Press the SPAN key. M Press the "Full Span" softkey. The R&S FSH displays the spectrum over its entire frequency range.
Page 100: Setting A Display Range
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Enter the reference level you require. If you change the reference level, the R&S FSH adjusts the position of the trace as you make the changes. By default, the reference level corresponds to the grid line at the top of the diagram. You can also change the position of the reference level to another grid line if you have a signal that would otherwise overlap with the top of the diagram area.
Page 101: Setting A Reference Offset
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Press the AMPT key. M Press the "Unit" softkey. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the display unit. M Select one of the available units. The R&S FSH adjusts the labels of the vertical axis accordingly. 2.2.2.4 Setting a Reference Offset You can define a reference offset for the reference level.
Page 102: Using The Preamplifier
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements You can check the status of the RF attenuation and the preamplifier in the measurement setup dialog and the hardware settings area of the display. Preamplifier OFF Preamplifier ON Reference Level RF Attenuation RF Attenuation Low Noise Low Distortion...
Page 103: Setting The Input Impedance
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.2.7 Setting the Input Impedance In the default state, the input impedance is 50 [. The R&S FSH can also handle 75 [ systems. The R&S FSH does not select a 75 [ \ R F input per se.
Page 104 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements The resolution bandwidth affects the speed of the measurement. If you want to display the true spectrum, the resolution filters have to settle at all frequencies that are of interest. Narrow bandfilters have a longer settling time compared to wide ones.
Page 105: Setting The Video Bandwidth
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.3.2 Setting the Video Bandwidth The video bandwidth (VBW) basically smoothes the trace by reducing the noise and therefore making power levels easier to see. The noise reduction is a result of the video filter. This lowpass filter defines the video bandwidth and filters the higher frequency parts of the voltage from the signal.
Page 106: Configuring And Triggering The Sweep
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements if you are performing measurements on pulsed signals, the video bandwidth should be at least three times greater than the resolution bandwidth so that the pulse edges are not distorted Like the resolution bandwidth, the video bandwidth has an effect on sweep speed. Before each measurement, the video filter has to settle.
Page 107: Selecting The Sweep Mode
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Press the SWEEP key. In the default state, "Auto SWP Time" is active. M Press the "Manual SWP Time" softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to set the sweep time. M Enter the sweep time you need.
Page 108 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements In the frequency domain, the R&S FSH would never start a measurement with the video trigger because there is no guarantee that there is a signal that generates video voltage present at the start frequency. External Trigger (rising or falling slope) A sweep starts on the rising edge (RISE) or on the falling edge (FALL) of an external trigger signal.
Page 109 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Press the SWEEP key. M Press the "Trigger" softkey. M Select the "Trigger Delay…" menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the trigger delay. M Enter the delay time you need. Defining the Trigger Level When you are using the video trigger, you have to define a trigger level.
Page 110: Working With Traces
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Select the "Gate Settings" menu item. The R&S FSH opens a softkey submenu to control the gate settings. At the same time, the R&S FSH switches into time domain, as indicated in the display. M Press the "Manual SWP Time"...
Page 111 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Averaging reduces the effects of noise, but has no effects on sine signals. Using the trace averaging therefore is a good way to detect signals in the vicinity of noise. You can apply all detectors in this mode. Max Hold The trace shows the maximum power levels that have been measured at each pixel.
Page 112: Selecting The Detector
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.5.2 Selecting the Detector The number of measurement results collected in a single sweep usually is very high, especially if the span is large. However, the display of the R&S FSH can display only 631 results in horizontal direction, as it is limited by the number of pixels that are available on the display.
Page 113 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If the RMS detector is active, the R&S FSH measures the spectral power over one pixel. In case of power measurements, the RMS detector always shows the true power of a signal, regardless of the shape of the signal. The RMS detector is best for measurements on digitally modulated signals because it provides stable and true power readings.
Page 114: Working With A Second Trace
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.5.3 Working with a Second Trace In spectrum mode, you can use two traces. Both traces are based on the same settings, except the trace settings like the trace mode or the detector. You can use the second trace to compare, for example, two different detector settings.
Page 115: Using Trace Mathematics
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Press the TRACE key. M Select the trace you want to store in the trace memory with the "Select Trace" softkey. M Press the "Trace Memory" softkey. The R&S FSH saves the active trace.
Page 116: Positioning Markers
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements When measuring the distance-to-fault, the horizontal unit is meter or feet. For all other measurements the horizontal axis is the frequency axis. The unit of the vertical axis is dB for distance-to-fault and cable loss measurements and dBm for all others. The position of a delta marker is indicated by a dashed line to distinguish it from a normal marker.
Page 117: Positioning A Delta Marker
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements You can perform the following actions: Position the marker with the cursor keys. When positioning the marker with the cursor keys, the step size is 10% of the span. Position the marker with the rotary knob When positioning the marker with the rotary knob, the step size is one pixel.
Page 118: Selecting The Marker Type
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.6.3 Selecting the Marker Type When you add new markers, they will be delta markers by default. Their coordinates are relative to the first marker (M1). You can turn delta markers into normal markers if you need absolute information about the marker position.
Page 119: Using Marker Search Limits
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Confirm the selection with the ENTER key. The R&S FSH deletes the marker. Deactivating markers If you delete marker 1 (M1), all delta markers that are relative to that marker are also deleted.
Page 120: Using Marker Functions
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements By default, the search limit range is over the whole span. M Press the "Search Limits" softkey M Select the "Lower Limit" menu item. M Confirm the selection with the ENTER key. The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the lower limit of the search range.
Page 121 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements M Press the MARKER key. M Press the "Marker Function" softkey. M Select the "Noise" menu item. The R&S FSH shows the level at the marker frequency in dBm/Hz. If you are using a delta marker for the measurement, the results have the unit dBc/Hz with marker 1 being the reference.
Page 122 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Measuring the Signal Bandwidth The "n dB Down" marker function places two temporary markers to the left and to the right of the reference marker and measures the bandwidth between the two temporary markers.
Page 123 R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements If you perform measurements in the time domain, the R&S FSH demodulates continuously. In the frequency domain, you can define a time period the R&S FSH demodulates the signal at the marker frequency. The frequency sweep then stops at the marker frequency for that time before finishing the sweep.
Page 124: Using Display Lines
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements 2.2.7 Using Display Lines Like markers, display lines help you to determine the level of the signal. A display line is a straight line that runs horizontally and corresponds to a certain level value.
Page 125: Selecting A Limit Line
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements After turning on a limit line, the R&S FSH checks if the signal violates the shape of the limit line. If one or more signal levels violate the limits defined, the R&S FSH shows the points of violation.
Page 126: Performing Limit Checks
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Configuring Spectrum Measurements Threshold line and display line Like the display line, a threshold line is a straight horizontal line. The difference is that the R&S FSH performs a limit check for threshold lines, but not for display lines. A failed limit check may be an issue if you want to create a measurement report, because measurements with failed limits are not included in this report.
Page 127: Working With Channel Tables
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Working with Channel Tables 2.3 Working with Channel Tables Almost all transmission systems divide their assigned frequency ranges into channels. Each channel corresponds to a specific frequency. To keep the handling of such systems simple, you can use channel tables instead of entering frequencies manually. The R&S FSH already comes with an assortment of channel tables that you can use without doing anything.
Page 128: Using Transducer Factors
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors 2.4 Using Transducer Factors The frequency-dependent transducer factor of transducers and antennas can be directly considered in the measurement result. A transducer factor consists of a numeric value and a unit. The R&S FSH corrects the level values of the trace by the values of the transducer.
Page 129: Unit For Measurements With Transducers
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors You can select two transducer factors, a primary transducer and a secondary transducer. If a transducer factor is active, the menu item has an [X] in front of it. M Select the "Select Primary Transducer" menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the transducer factor.
Page 130: Frequency Range Of Transducer
R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode Using Transducer Factors 2.4.3 Frequency Range of Transducer If the set frequency range is wider than the span in which a transducer is defined, the R&S FSH assumes the transducer values outside the defined range to be zero. 2.4.4 Data Sets Containing Transducer Factors The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any transducer factors that may have been active for the measurement in question.
Page 131: Working With Power Sensors
R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Power Sensor 3 Working with Power Sensors For highly accurate power measurements, you can connect a power sensor to the R&S FSH and perform measurements. 3.1 Using a Power Sensor A power sensor measures the power in the frequency range defined in the data sheet of the power sensor.
Page 132: Connecting A Power Sensor
R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Power Sensor Screen layout of the power meter mode Connected power sensor model Reference for relative power measurements Power offset Measurement time Readout of the measured power Analog readout of the measured power Measurement frequency Power sensor softkey menu 3.1.1 Connecting a Power Sensor...
Page 133: Performing And Configuring Measurements
R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Power Sensor If the R&S FSH recognizes a power sensor, it sets up a connection via the interface and after a few seconds shows the measured power. It displays the type of the power sensor in the display header.
Page 134 R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Power Sensor M Enter the frequency of the signal. The R&S FSH transfers the new frequency to the power sensor which then corrects the measured power readings. Zeroing the power sensor Offset voltages and currents have most effect on the power readout when measuring low powers.
Page 135 R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Power Sensor Alternatively, you can set the current level readout as the reference level. M Press the " Ref" softkey. The R&S FSH sets the current result as the reference level. It then displays the measured level relative to the reference level in dB. The unit is automatically set to dB Rel...
Page 136: Using A Directional Power Sensor
R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Directional Power Sensor 3.2 Using a Directional Power Sensor For power measurements in both directions (forward and reverse), you can connect directional power sensors to the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH supports the following directional power sensors: R&S FSH-Z14 R&S FSH-Z44...
Page 137: Connecting A Directional Power Sensor
R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Directional Power Sensor 3.2.1 Connecting a Directional Power Sensor The R&S FSH controls and powers the directional power sensors via a special interface on the top of the instrument. Connect the power sensor cable to the power sensor interface and screw it into position.
Page 138 R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Directional Power Sensor Risk of skin burns and / or damage to the R&S FSH Measuring high powers may lead to skin burns and / or damage to the R&S FSH. You can avoid it by: Never exceeding the permissible continuous power.
Page 139 R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Directional Power Sensor Selecting the unit for the power readout When using a directional power sensor, the R&S FSH displays the forward power as a logarithmic level value in dBm (relative value) or as a linear value in W or mW (absolute value).
Page 140 R&S FSH Working with Power Sensors Using a Directional Power Sensor If high powers are applied that exceed the maximum input level of the R&S FSH-Z14 or R&S FSH-Z44, a directional coupler or an attenuator has to be connected ahead of the power sensor.
Page 141: Network Analyzer Mode
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Using a Directional Power Sensor 4 Network Analyzer Mode The network analyzer mode provides the functionality to characterize networks with one or two ports. To enable the features of the network analyzer mode, you need at least an R&S FSH with tracking generator (models .14/.18/.24/.28) or one that also has an internal VSWR bridge (models .24/.28).
Page 142: Calibrating Measurements
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements Defining the output level of the tracking generator The tracking generator generates a signal at the current R&S FSH frequency. The nominal output level of the signal is adjustable from 0 dBm to -40 dBm in steps of 1 dB. M Press the AMPT key.
Page 143: Calibration States
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements You will need one of the available calibration standards R&S FSH-Z28, -Z29 (order no. 1300.7804.03 and 1300.7504.03) or R&S ZV-Z121 (order no. 1164.0496.02/.03). Alternatively, you can create customized calibration kits with the functionality of the R&S FSH4View software package and transfer those to the R&S FSH.
Page 144: Calibration Methods
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements (cal?) The R&S FSH uses user calibration. However, the calibration is not accurate because the TG power and receiver attenuation are not in line with the settings at the time it has been calibrated. In that case you should repeat calibration. (norm) The R&S FSH uses normalization.
Page 145 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements Vector measurements Vector measurements provide several calibration methods that correct the magnitude and the phase. Full 2-Port Both test ports are calibrated for both reflection and transmission measurements on either port or direction. The calibration routine therefore requires the connection of the standards load, open and short to both test ports, and a through connection of the test ports.
Page 146: Performing Calibration
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements 4.1.1.3 Performing Calibration The procedure below shows a full 2-port calibration routine. All other calibration methods basically work the same way, except for the type and number of calibration standards you are going to need. M Disconnect the DUT from the RF cable.
Page 147 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Calibrating Measurements The R&S FSH calibrates the "Load". M Disconnect the "Load". Next, the R&S FSH asks you to set up a "Through" connection from port 1 to port 2. M Firmly connect the "Through" connection to port 1 and port 2. M Press the "Continue"...
Page 148: Performing Scalar Measurements
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements Some measurement setups may include additional cables or adapters that may have an additional electrical length. To correct their phase error, you can include the electrical length of additional test equipment. The R&S FSH distinguishes if the equipment is connected to port 1 or port 2.
Page 149 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements Select the type of transmission measurement M Press the "Result Display" softkey. M Select the "Transmission Fwd (Port 1 2)" menu item for transmission measurements in forward direction or "Transmission Rev (Port 1 2)" menu item for transmission measurements in reverse direction.
Page 150: Measuring The Reflection
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Scalar Measurements 4.2.2 Measuring the Reflection The example included here is based on a reflection measurement of the same two-port filter used for the transmission measurement. The filter has a center frequency of 2060 MHz and a bandwidth of about 11 MHz. You can skip the preset, scalar measurement selection and frequency settings if you have already set up the R&S FSH for the measurement.
Page 151: Performing Vector Measurements (R&S Fsh-K42)
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Calibration" softkey. M Select the appropriate menu item (normalization on one or two ports). M Perform normalization. For more information see "Performing Calibration".
Page 152: Measuring The Transmission
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) 4.3.1 Measuring the Transmission The example included here is based on a transmission measurement of a two-port filter. The filter works in the frequency from of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz. Test setup M Connect the input of the DUT to the tracking generator output (port 2).
Page 153: Measuring The Reflection
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) Calibrate the measurement for vector transmission measurements. Vector measurements provide the full range of calibration methods for more accurate results. Most full calibration methods require more than one calibration standard. M Press the "Calibration"...
Page 154 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) Start vector measurements. M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Meas Mode" softkey. M Select the "Vector" menu item. Select the type of reflection measurement M Press the "Result Display" softkey. M Select the "Reflection Port 1"...
Page 155: Evaluating The Results
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 4.4 Evaluating the Results 4.4.1 Selecting the Measurement Format Depending on the measurement mode (scalar or vector) and result display (reflection or transmission), you can select one of several measurement formats. Each of the measurement formats shows a different aspect of the measurement results.
Page 156 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results VSWR Shows the (voltage) standing wave ratio of the DUT. The VSWR is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum voltage that occur in an electrical transmission line. It is a measure of the reflected power at the input of the DUT.
Page 157: Working With The Smith Chart
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Electrical length Shows the electrical length of a DUT. The electrical length is a numerical result that displayed in addition to another measurement format. As long as it is active, the electrical length is displayed regardless of the currently selected format.
Page 158 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Zooming the Smith chart To take a better look at the results, you can zoom and enlarge a particular part of the Smitch chart. The R&S FSH provides a 2x, 4x and 8x zoom.
Page 159 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results M Press the "Zoom Active" softkey. The R&S FSH now zooms in on the area covered by the zoom window. You can position the zoom window more accurately with the "Move X" and "Move Y" softkeys as described.
Page 160: Working With The Dual Trace Mode
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results In its default state, the marker position is specified by the marker frequency and complex resistance in [. The complex resistance in that case is calculated according to: (real component) + j (imaginary component) M Press the "Marker Mode"...
Page 161: Configuring The Vertical Axis
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Screen layout in dual trace mode Result display trace 1 Result display trace 2 Measurement mode Trace window 1 Trace information trace 1 - S-matrix - calibration status - measurement format Trace window 2 Measurement format trace 2 Active trace indicator After activating the second trace, trace 1 is always the active trace.
Page 162 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results Changing the reference value Changing the reference value works like an attenuation or gain in that it moves the trace to another level. The R&S FSH adjusts the scale of the vertical axis accordingly. The R&S FSH indicates the value and position of the current reference value with a triangle at the vertical axis ( ).
Page 163 R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results The R&S FSH moves the trace accordingly and moves the triangle to the new position. Changing the display range The display range is the value range the vertical axis covers. The default display range depends on the measurement format.
Page 164: Using Markers
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Evaluating the Results 4.4.3 Using Markers The network analyzer mode also features markers. The functionality is similar to that of the spectrum analyzer. For more information see "Error! Reference source not found." on page Error! Bookmark not defined..
Page 165: Vector Voltmeter (R&S Fsh-K45)
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 4.5 Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) With firmware option R&S FSH-K45 (order no. 1304.5658.02) you can use a R&S FSH with tracking generator and VSWR bridge (models .24 and .28) as a vector voltmeter. A vector voltmeter performs reflection (S11) and transmission measurements (S21).
Page 166: Calibrating Measurements
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 4.5.1 Calibrating Measurements To get the best and most accurate results, you have to calibrate the measurement. The reflection and transmission measurement of the vector voltmeter each have their own calibration procedures. To successfully calibrate the test setup, you have to connect one or more calibration standards at the reference plane.
Page 167: Performing Transmission Measurements
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 4.5.2.1 Performing Transmission Measurements Calibrate the measurement for transmission measurements. M Press the "Calibration" softkey. M Select the "Transmission Rev (Port 2 1)" menu item. M Perform calibration. For more information see "Performing Calibration".
Page 168: Evaluating The Results
R&S FSH Network Analyzer Mode Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 4.5.3 Evaluating the Results 4.5.3.1 Selecting the Measurement Format Depending on the result display (reflection or transmission), you can select one of several measurement formats. Each of the measurement formats shows a different aspect of the measurement results.
Page 169: Distance-To-Fault Mode (R&S Fsh-K41)
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) 5 Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Equipped with firmware option R&S FSH-K41 (order no. 1304.5612.02), you can perform distance-to-fault measurements with your R&S FSH. The distance-to-fault (DTF) mode provides functionality to measure cables for mechanical defects in the system that cause a deterioration of the transmission quality.
Page 170 R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) M For measurement on DUTs that need an external voltage supply (e.g. power amplifiers), you can connect the supply voltage from a suitable AC power supply to the BIAS Port 1 or use the internal bias. By default, the R&S FSH is in spectrum analyzer mode after you have turned it on.
Page 171: Performing Cable And Antenna Measurements
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 5.1 Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements In order to get an idea about problems of a cable, you can analyze several aspects of the signal. 5.1.1 Reflection Measurements The reflection (S11) measurement is a good way to get an idea if the transmission system works properly.
Page 172: Distance To Fault Measurements
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 5.1.2 Distance to Fault Measurements The distance to fault (DTF) measurement determines the exact location of possible faults in a transmission system. If you connect the end of the cable to the R&S FSH, the DTF measurement shows you the exact distance to the fault (in meter or feet), regardless by what the fault is caused.
Page 173: Spectrum Measurements
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements 5.1.3 Spectrum Measurements The spectrum measurement provides an overview of the spectrum of the DUT without the necessity to change the operating mode. This measurement is well suited for a quick check if there are any interfering signals that may impair results before you start the actual measurement.
Page 174: Calibrating Measurements
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 5.1.5 Calibrating Measurements You will need one of the available calibration standards R&S FSH-Z28, -Z29 (order no. 1300.7804.03 and 1300.7504.03) or R&S ZV-Z121 (order no. 1164.0496.02/.03). To successfully calibrate the test setup, you have to connect the calibration standard at the reference plane, usually the output of the RF measurement cable.
Page 175: Selecting A Predefined Cable Model
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 5.2.1.1 Selecting a Predefined Cable Model M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Cable Config" softkey. M Select the "Select Cable Model" menu item. The R&S FSH opens the file manager to select the cable model.
Page 176: Working With A Dtf List
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests M Enter the cable loss. You can now perform measurements on the temporary cable definition. Note that as soon as you change any cable parameter or load another cable model, the temporary data is lost and you have to define it again if you have to perform further measurements.
Page 177: Configuring The Horizontal Axis
In the default setting, the R&S FSH automatically selects a center frequency of 1.8 GHz (R&S FSH4) or 4 GHz (R&S FSH8) and a distance of 20 m. The R&S FSH optimizes the settings for the best resolution, if you change the cable length.
Page 178: Selecting The Cable Length
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests M Press the "Start Freq" or the "Stop Freq" softkey. M Enter the start frequency and stop frequency you need. The R&S FSH adjusts the frequency range according to your settings. Note that the distance from start to stop frequency has to be equal to the span.
Page 179: Configuring The Vertical Axis
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 5.2.3 Configuring the Vertical Axis The amplitude menu contains all settings related to the level display. 5.2.3.1 Adjusting the Scale of the Diagram The R&S FSH provides several options to improve the vertical scaling of the measurement diagram.
Page 180: Setting The Attenuation
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests Adjusting the vertical axis automatically The R&S FSH provides an automatic scaling routine that scales the vertical axis in a way that the results fit ideally on the display. The R&S FSH does this by determining the minimum and maximum trace values and scaling the vertical axis according to these values.
Page 181: Using Markers
R&S FSH Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests 5.2.4 Using Markers The R&S FSH has six markers, five of which can be used as either markers or delta markers. Markers work the same way as in spectrum mode. For more information see "Using Markers"...
Page 182: Receiver Mode
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Selecting the Measurement Mode 6 Receiver Mode Equipped with firmware option R&S FSH-K43 (order no. 1304.5635.02), you can perform receiver and channel measurements (or scans) with your R&S FSH. In receiver mode, the R&S FSH measures the power level of a particular frequency or a customized set of frequencies instead of sweeping over (parts of) the frequency spectrum.
Page 183: Defining The Receive Frequency
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Selecting the Measurement Mode Screen layout of the bargraph result display Measurement mode Operating mode Header table Receive frequency and corresponding power level (numerical) Bargraph Receiver softkey menu 6.1.1.1 Defining the Receive Frequency In single frequency measurement mode, the R&S FSH determines the power level of a single frequency only.
Page 184: Customizing The Bargraph Aspects
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Selecting the Measurement Mode 6.1.1.2 Customizing the Bargraph Aspects The bargraph is a graphical representation of the power level with one dimension, the power level of the receive freuqency. The R&S FSH provides several ways to customize the aspects of the bargraph.
Page 185: Performing Frequency Scans
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Selecting the Measurement Mode 6.1.2 Performing Frequency Scans Compared to single frequency measurements, frequency scans perform a measurement on a particular set of receive frequencies. The scan measures only those frequencies that are defined in the frequency range. The space between the receive frequencies is not considered in the measurement.
Page 186: Defining The Scan Range
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Selecting the Measurement Mode 6.1.2.1 Defining the Scan Range The scan range defines the frequency range that the scan takes place in. Therefore, you have to define a start and stop frequency for the scan range and a scan step size. The step size defines the (equidistant) space between the receive frequencies and thus, in combination with the start and stop frequency, the number of receive frequencies considered in the scan.
Page 187: Using Markers
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 6.1.2.2 Using Markers The scan measurement in receiver mode features the same marker functionality as that in Spectrum mode. For more information see "Error! Reference source not found." on page Error! Bookmark not defined..
Page 188: Selecting The Measurement Bandwidths For Emi Measurements
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode Bandwidth selection for the quasi peak detector If you select the quasi peak detector, the R&S FSH automatically select a 6 dB filter bandwidth depending on the measurement frequency. If you select a 3 dB bandwidth while using the quasi peak detector, the R&S FSH deactivates the quasi peak detector.
Page 189: Defining The Measurement Time
R&S FSH Receiver Mode Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 6.2.3 Defining the Measurement Time The measurement time is the time that the R&S FSH collects data at each measurement frequency to calculate the results for that frequency according to the detector you have selected.
Page 190: Digital Modulation Analyzer
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode 7 Digital Modulation Analyzer In digital modulation analyzer operating mode, the R&S FSH is able to demodulate signals of several telecommunications technologies. Thus it can provide results for modulation characteristics, channel characteristics or information about the signal quality.
Page 191 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode M Select the "Channel" menu item. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select a LTE channel table or band class. M Select the channel table you need with the "Select" softkey. The R&S FSH now applies the channel table to the measurement.
Page 192 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode For more information see "Setting the Reference Level" on page 80. Ref Offset Shows the current reference level offset. For more information see "Setting a Reference Offset" on page 82. Att(enuation) Shows the current RF attenuation of the R&S FSH.
Page 193 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode Both result displays are integrated into the digital modulation options, so you do not have to switch modes if you want to have a quick glance at the spectrum. For a detailed analysis of the signal, however, you should still use the spectrum analyzer operating mode.
Page 194 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode For more information on isotropic antennas see "Using Isotropic Antennas" on page While using the isotropic antenna result display, you can set up the measurement as usual. Limits A limit check tests the actual results against a set of predefined values to see if the measurement results are inside a specified boundary.
Page 195: Measurements On 3Gpp Fdd Signals
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 7.2 Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K44, you can perform measurements on WCDMA signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. You can expand the functionality by adding the R&S FSH-K44E firmware application.
Page 196: General Settings
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Availability of measurement results Note that some results and support of HSDPA and HSPA+ channels are available only with option R&S FSH-K44E. For more information see the data sheet. Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings Global results...
Page 197: Global Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals P-CPICH Slot Shows the slot number the results are displayed for. Ch(annel) Search Shows the status of the channel search. 7.2.1.2 Global Results Global results contain various measurement results of the composite signal. These results evaluate the total signal over the period of one slot.
Page 198: Channel Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Peak CDE (15 ksps) Shows the Peak Code Domain Error of the signal in dB. The Peak Code Domain Error is defined as the maximum code domain error power that occurs in the measurement. The code domain error is the difference in power of the test signal and an ideal reference signal.
Page 199: The Code Domain Analyzer
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals P-SCH Power Shows the power of the P-SCH in dBm. The abbreviation in brackets shows if it is the absolute power or the power in relation to the pilot channel (P-CPICH). S-SCH Power Shows the power of the S-SCH in dBm.
Page 200: Header Table
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 7.2.2.1 Header Table The header table contains an assortment of settings already discussed in the section about the result summary. For more information see "The Result Summary" on page 176. In addition, it contains the following information.
Page 201: Diagram Area
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Composite EVM Shows the EVM of the complete signal. 7.2.2.3 Diagram Area The Code Domain Power result display contains the measurement results in graphic form. It shows the power of all codes in the signal. In the graph, each bar represents one code channel.
Page 202: Header Table
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Current type of result display Currently selected standard Header table Synchronization state and GPS information - green font: synchronization OK - red font: synchronization failed Global results Channel table WCDMA softkey menu 7.2.3.1 Header Table The header table contains various settings already discussed in the sections above.
Page 203: Configuring The Measurement
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals T Offs (chips) Shows the timing offset of the code channel in chips. Pilot Bits Shows the number of pilot bits the code channel contains. Status Status display of the code channel. Power Abs (dBm) Absolute power of the code channel in dBm.
Page 204: Setting The Antenna Diversity
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals With each sweep, the R&S FSH starts a search for the scrambling code. If it finds the code, the synchronization will be successful. If not, the synchronization fails. The R&S FSH shows a corresponding message ( Comparing the power of multiple scrambling codes You can also view the scrambling codes and their power graphically.
Page 205: Changing The Code Power
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals M Press the "Display Settings" softkey. M Select the "Slot Number…" menu item. The R&S FSH opens an input field to select the slot. M Enter the number of the slot you want to analyze. In the code domain power result display, the numerical results that the R&S FSH displays belong to one code channel only.
Page 206: Measurements On Cdma2000 Signals
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3 Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K46, you can perform measurements on downlink CDMA2000 signals according to the 3GPP2 standard with your R&S FSH. You can expand the functionality by adding the R&S FSH-K46E firmware application. This application performs code domain power measurements on downlink CDMA2000 signals according to the standard.
Page 207: General Settings
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings Synchronization state and GPS information - green font: synchronization OK - red font: synchronization failed Global results Channel results CDMA2000 softkey menu 7.3.1.1 General Settings For more information see...
Page 208: Global Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3.1.2 Global Results Global results contain various measurement results of the composite signal. These results evaluate the total signal over the period of one Power Control Group (PCG). Channel Power Total power of the signal in dBm in the 1.23 MHz bandwidth around the center frequency.
Page 209: Channel Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3.1.3 Channel Results Channel results contain various results specific to one or more channels. The table contains the absolute channel power in dBm the channel power in relation to the total signal power in dB the channel power in relation to the pilot channel in dB for the pilot channel (PICH) and the synchronization channel (SYNC).
Page 210: Header Table And Diagram Header
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3.2.1 Header Table and Diagram Header The header table and the diagram header contain an assortment of settings already discussed in the section about the result summary. For more information see "The Result Summary"...
Page 211: The Code Domain Channel Table
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3.3 The Code Domain Channel Table If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K46E, the code domain channel table becomes available to visualize the channel structure of the signal. The code domain channel table shows various parameters and measurement results on (code) channel level.
Page 212: The Pn Scanner
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Channel Type Type of channel. (---) indicates an inactive channel. The following channels can be detected: Channel Type Channel F-PICH Pilot channel (displayed as PICH) F-SYNC Synchronization channel (displayed as SYNC) All other channel types are not automatically differentiated and named as “CHAN”.
Page 213: Configuring The Measurement
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 7.3.5 Configuring the Measurement Some of the results depend on the measurement configuration. 7.3.5.1 Setting the Base Spreading Factor The number of codes the R&S FSH displays in the diagram depends, in addition to the signal constellation itself, on the base spreading factor you have set.
Page 214: Changing The Reference Power
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Display Settings" softkey. M Select either the "Hadamard" or the "BitReverse" menu item. The R&S FSH adjusts the code display accordingly. 7.3.5.3 Changing the Reference Power The y-axis represents the power of the signal.
Page 215: Changing The Pn Offset
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 7.3.5.5 Changing the PN Offset The standard uses the PN Offset to distinguish between base stations. The PN offset determines the offset in the circulating PN sequence in multiples of 64 chips with reference to the event second clock trigger.
Page 216: The Result Summary
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals The R&S FSH performs various general measurements over one slot as well as measurements on specific channels. It then shows the results in tabular form in the "Result Summary" display, To get highest measurement accuracy, it is necessary to synchronize the reference frequency of the R&S FSH with the base station via the EXT REF IN input or with an optional GPS receiver.
Page 217: Global Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals PN Offset Shows the current Pseudo Noise (PN) Offset of the base station. For more information see "Changing the PN Offset" on page 200. The PN Offset only takes effect in combination with an external or GPS trigger. Trigger Shows the current trigger mode.
Page 218: Channel Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 7.4.1.3 Channel Results Channel results contain various results specific to one or more channels. The table contains the absolute channel power in dBm the channel power in relation to the total signal power in dB the channel power in relation to the pilot channel in dB for the pilot channel (PICH), the MAC channel and the data channel.
Page 219: The Burst Power Result Display
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 7.4.3 The Burst Power Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K47E, the burst power result display becomes available. The Burst Power result display shows the power of the signal over a single 1xEV-DO frame (26.66 ms).
Page 220: Synchronizing To A Base Station Using A Gps Receiver
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 7.4.4.3 Synchronizing to a Base Station Using a GPS Receiver If you use a GPS receiver while performing measurements on a base station, you can synchronize the sweep via the GPS receiver. M Press the SWEEP key.
Page 221: The Result Summary
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 7.5.1 The Result Summary The result summary shows various measurement results and hardware settings in numerical form. Current type of result display Currently selected standard General settings Synchronization state and GPS information - green font: synchronization OK - red font: synchronization failed Global results...
Page 222: Global Results
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Cell [Grp/ID] Shows the identity of the radio cell that is tested. If you enter a specific cell identity, the numbers in brackets show the group the cell identity belongs to and the ID in that group.
Page 223: Allocation Summary
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Carrier Freq Error Shows the frequency error in relation to the current center frequency of the R&S FSH. For more information see "Selecting the Unit of the Carrier Frequency Error" on page 211.
Page 224: Reference Signal Overview
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Ref Signal Power and EVM of the reference signal. The R&S FSH evaluates the results over all resource blocks and subframes. QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Power and EVM of the data channels (PDSCH) that you are measuring. The R&S FSH evaluates the results over all resource blocks and subframes of the respective modulation.
Page 225 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Screen layout of the constellation diagram Current type of result display Currently selected standard Color map Diagram area Currently selected allocation LTE softkey menu The constellation diagram shows the location of the transmitted symbols in the complex plane.
Page 226: The Resource Allocations Result Display
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 7.5.3 The Resource Allocations Result Display If you equip the R&S FSH with option R&S FSH-K50E or -K51E, the resource allocations result display becomes available to visualize the results in a diagram. M Press the "Result Display"...
Page 227: Configuring The Measurement
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Customizing the color map Alternatively, you can customize the color map and customize it for over-the-air measurements and cable connected measurements separately. M Press the "Display Settings" softkey. M Select the "Over-The-Air Maximum…" or the "Over-The-Air-Minimum…" menu item to define a color map for over-the-air measurements.
Page 228: Selecting The Cyclic Prefix
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 7.5.4.2 Selecting the Cyclic Prefix The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferences. The cyclic prefix is either "Normal" (slot contains 7 OFDM symbols), "Extended" (slot contains 6 OFDM symbols) or "Auto" (the application automatically detects the type of cyclic prefix).
Page 229: Selecting The Subframe Configuration For Tdd Signals
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals 7.5.4.4 Selecting the Subframe Configuration for TDD Signals According to the standard, the R&S FSH provides 7 configurations that each covers a complete LTE frame and consists of 10 subframes. M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Signal Settings"...
Page 230: Selecting The Unit Of The Carrier Frequency Error
R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals M Select the menu item that corresponds to the setup of the equipment you are measuring. If you want to measure a specific antenna, select the antenna number. Note that selecting a specific antenna in multiple antenna systems is available only for 2-antenna systems.
Page 231 R&S FSH Digital Modulation Analyzer Measurements on LTE Signals Displaying the EVM according to standard M Press the MEAS key. M Press the "Meas Settings" softkey. M Select the "EVM According to Standard" menu item. If the R&S FSH displays the EVM according to standard, the menu item is marked by an [X].
Page 232: Saving And Loading Instrument Settings And Measurement Results
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Saving Data Sets 8 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results For documentation purposes or further analysis, the R&S FSH provides functionality to save, store and load measurement settings and results. These datasets contain an image of the current configuration so that the context of the measurement is clear.
Page 233 R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Saving Data Sets The folder structure shows all available data storage devices. Possible storage devices are the internal memory of the R&S FSH, an SD card or a memory stick. The default storage device depends on which devices are connected to the R&S FSH.
Page 234: Quick Naming Of Data Sets
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Quick Naming of Data Sets 8.2 Quick Naming of Data Sets The R&S FSH provides a quick naming feature that speeds up the process of naming a file. 8.2.1 Putting Together a File Name Basically, using the quick naming feature is a way of compiling a file name by putting one or more predefined text modules or terms together in a logical way.
Page 235: Designing A Table
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Loading Measurement Results 8.2.2 Designing a Table The firmware of the R&S FSH already has some basic mobile communication terms in the table. However, you can add up to 120 terms to the table. M Press the SAVE/RECALL key.
Page 236: Previewing A Dataset
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Loading Measurement Results 8.3.1 Previewing a Dataset The R&S FSH provides a preview of datasets. The preview is like a screenshot and lets you take a quick look at that measurement and its settings. The R&S FSH does not yet activate the measurement settings of that dataset.
Page 237: Compiling A Measurement Report
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Compiling a Measurement Report M Select the User Key Dataset corresponding to the customized User Key Label F1 to F6. The R&S FSH opens the file manager and displays a list of available datasets. M Select the dataset you want to assign to the softkey.
Page 238: Deleting Datasets
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Deleting Datasets Source folder of the datasets Preview of a particular dataset Measurement data to be included in the report Selection of the included information on each report page Selection of the output format Save/load a report With the report generator, you can create measurement reports for a selection of data sets.
Page 239 R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Deleting Datasets M Mark the data sets with the ENTER key. The selected data sets should be checked in the "Status" column. Repeat the selection by moving the cursor with the rotary knob or the cursor key and marking more data sets with the ENTER key.
Page 240: How A Spectrum Analyzer Works
R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Deleting Datasets 9 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Basically, it is possible to measure and analyze RF signals either in the time domain or the frequency domain. Measurements in the time domain show signal variations over time. You can perform these with an oscilloscope, for example.
Page 241 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Deleting Datasets Figure 9-2: Block diagram showing the basic functionality of a spectrum analyzer The precision attenuator at the R&S FSH input attenuates the signal to a level that the mixer can handle without overdriving the mixer. The attenuator is directly coupled to the reference level.
Page 242 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Deleting Datasets Figure 9-3: Mixing process The first local oscillator is tuned with a sawtooth which simultaneously acts as the x deflection voltage for the display. In practice, synthesizer technology is used to generate the frequency of the first local oscillator and for a digital display.
Page 243 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Deleting Datasets The video filter comes after the envelope detector. The filter is a lowpass with an adjustable cutoff frequency which limits the bandwidth of the video signal. It is particularly useful when sine signals are to be measured in the vicinity of the spectrum analyzer’s intrinsic noise.
Page 244 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Deleting Datasets The figure above shows 30 measured values which are represented by a single pixel. The peak detector determines and displays the maximum measured value. The Auto Peak detector takes the maximum and minimum and displays them together. The two values are joined by a vertical line segment.
Page 246 R&S FSH Index Index 1xEV-DO ................. 196 BitReverse ............... 194 carrier frequency error ..........200 Burst length ............... 51 EVM ................199 Cable length ..............159 PN offset............... 200 Cable measurement power ................198 test setup..............150 result summary ............. 197 Cable model ..............
Page 247 R&S FSH Index Code domain channel table ........182, 192 Full span................80 Code domain power Gate settings ..............91 CDMA2000 ..............190 Gated sweep ............... 88, 90 WCDMA ............... 180 GPS position..............173 Code order............... 194 GPS synchronization ..........196, 201 Color map Hadamard................
Page 248 R&S FSH Index distance ................ 103 DTF ................35, 38 format ................140 general ................21 functions ............... 101 network analyzer ............28 list................... 98 power meter ..............34 mode ................140 receiver................32 position..............97, 102 spectrum analysis............23 removal................
Page 249 R&S FSH Index P-SCH ................179 DTF mode ..............151 P-SYNC................204 file manager..............213 Quasi peak ..............168 harmonic distortion ............64 R&S FSH4View LTE................202 ACLR................53 occupied bandwidth ............46 calibration kit..............128 power meter ..............113 creating standards ........43, 47, 50, 55, 62 power meter (directional) ..........
Page 250 R&S FSH Index channel power ..............43 Traffic activity............198, 204 directional power sensor ..........120 Transducer ..............84, 109 occupied bandwidth ............47 unit ................110 power sensor ..............120 Transmission channel ............56 spectrum emission mask ..........61 Trigger ..............88, 196, 201 TDMA power..............

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Rohde & Schwarz FSH4 Operating Manual

Operating the R&S FSH

Measuring the Transmission

Calibrating Measurements

Performing Measurements

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