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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Rohde & Schwarz 1309.6000.08
Summary of Contents for Rohde & Schwarz 1309.6000.08
- Page 1 Complimentary Reference Material This PDF has been made available as a complimentary service for you to assist in evaluating this model for your testing requirements. TMG offers a wide range of test equipment solutions, from renting short to long term, buying refurbished and purchasing new. Financing options, such as Financial Rental, and Leasing are also available on application.
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Page 3: Operating Manual
Operating Manual Handheld Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSH4 R&S FSH8 1309.6000.04 1309.6000.08 1309.6000.14 1309.6000.18 1309.6000.24 1309.6000.28 Test and Measurement 1309.6275.12-02... - Page 4 The firmware of the instrument makes use of several valuable open source software packages. The verbatim license texts are provided in on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery). Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
R&S FSH Contents Contents Safety Instructions Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal Safety Regulations for Batteries Certificate of Quality EC-Certificate of Conformity Support Center Address List of R&S Representatives 1 Putting into Operation ..................1.1 2 Getting Started ....................2.1 3 Operation ......................3.1 Screen Layout ...........................3.1 Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers ...........3.1 Screen layout when the marker mode is selected ..............3.2... - Page 6 Contents R&S FSH Frequency entry ......................3.11 Frequency span ......................3.11 Level settings .......................3.11 Bandwidth settings .......................3.11 Sweep ........................3.11 Trace settings ......................3.12 Limit lines ........................3.12 Measurement functions....................3.12 Marker ........................3.13 Marker position ......................3.13 Softkeys of the Distance to Fault mode ..................3.14 Frequency entry ......................3.14 Frequency span ......................3.14 Level settings .......................3.14 Bandwidth settings .......................3.14...
- Page 7 R&S FSH Contents Selecting a transducer factor ....................4.10 Setting the Bandwidths .........................4.12 Resolution bandwidth........................4.12 Video bandwidth........................4.13 Setting the Sweep...........................4.15 Sweep time ..........................4.15 Sweep mode ..........................4.16 Trigger .............................4.16 Trace Settings..........................4.18 Trace mode..........................4.18 Detector ............................4.19 Trace-Selection.........................4.21 Trace memory...........................4.22 Trace mathematics ........................4.23 Using the Markers ..........................4.23 Automatic marker positioning ....................4.25 Using more than one marker at a time (multimarker mode).............4.27 Marker functions ........................4.29...
- Page 8 Contents R&S FSH Optimizing the reference level ....................4.41 Power readout...........................4.41 Setting the trigger........................4.41 Measuring the occupied bandwidth .....................4.42 Selecting a standard .........................4.43 Setting the reference level ......................4.43 Setting the channel bandwidth ....................4.44 Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth ...........4.44 Displaying the occupied bandwidth...................4.45 Changing the span........................4.45 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator ..............4.45...
- Page 9 R&S FSH Contents Measuring with Transducer Factors.....................4.83 Unit for measurements with transducers ..................4.85 Reference level settings for measurements with transducers ..........4.85 Frequency range of transducer....................4.86 Data sets containing transducer factors ...................4.86 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results........4.87 Saving results ...........................4.88 Entering a data set name......................4.88 Loading measurement results ....................4.89 Measurements ..........................4.90...
- Page 10 R&S FSH Safety Instructions Safety Instructions Make sure to read through and observe the following safety instructions! All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standard of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety.
- Page 11 Safety Instructions R&S FSH Tags and their meaning DANGER DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. WARNING WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. CAUTION CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
- Page 12 Safety Instructions R&S FSH special risk of exposure to radiation and, if appropriate measuring equipment, fusing, necessary, take measures to avert the current limiting, electrical separation, danger. insulation) should be taken to avoid any hazards. 6. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration.
- Page 13 R&S FSH Safety Instructions 21. Please be aware that in the event of a fi re, toxic substances (gases, liquids etc.) that may be hazardous to your health may escape from the product. 22. Handles on the products are designed exclusively for personnel to hold or carry the product.
- Page 14 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad ¡Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad! El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de seguridad vigentes.
- Page 15 Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad R&S FSH Palabras de señal y su significado PELIGRO Identifica un peligro directo con riesgo elevado de provocar muerte o lesiones de gravedad si no se toman las medidas oportunas. ADVERTENCIA Identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones (de gravedad) si no se toman las medidas oportunas.
- Page 16 Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad R&S FSH cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes por él, por ejemplo al tropezar o por un al tratamiento de materias residuales. golpe de corriente. 5. Ciertos productos, como por ejemplo las 10. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, en redes de distribución TN/TT aseguradas pueden a causa de su función natural, emitir...
- Page 17 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 18. Asegúrese con la protección adecuada de 23. Si llega a utilizar el producto dentro de un que no pueda originarse en el producto una vehículo, queda en la responsabilidad sobrecarga por ejemplo a causa de una absoluta del conductor que conducir el tormenta.
- Page 18 Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of the following EC directives: • 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and • 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in e lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).
- Page 20 Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung (BattV) Dieses Gerät enthält eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie. Diese darf nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden. Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über eine Rohde&Schwarz-Kundendienststelle oder eine geeignete Sammelstelle erfolgen. Safety Regulations for Batteries (according to BattV) This equipment houses a battery containing harmful substances that must not be disposed of as normal household waste.
- Page 22 QUALITÄTSZERTIFIKAT CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY CERTIFICAT DE QUALITÉ Sehr geehrter Kunde, Dear Customer, Cher Client, Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines you have decided to buy a Rohde & vous avez choisi d‘acheter un produit Rohde & Schwarz-Produktes ent- Schwarz product. You are thus as- Rohde &...
- Page 24 EC Certificate of Conformity Certificate No.: 2008-45 This is to certify that: Equipment type Stock No. Designation FSH4 1309.6000.04/.14/.24 Handheld Spectrum Analyzer FSH8 1309.6000.08/.18/.28 FSH-Z1 1155.4505.02 Average Power Sensor FSH-Z14 1120.6001.02 Directional Power Sensor FSH-Z18 1165.1909.02 Average Power Sensor FSH-Z44 1165.2305.02...
- Page 26 Customer Support Technical support – where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde &...
- Page 28 Address List Headquarters, Plants and Subsidiaries Locations Worldwide Headquarters Please refer to our homepage: www.rohde-schwarz.com ◆ ROHDE&SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG Phone +49 (89) 41 29-0 Sales Locations Mühldorfstraße 15 · D-81671 München Fax +49 (89) 41 29-121 64 ◆ Service Locations P.O.Box 80 14 69 ·...
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Page 30: Putting Into Operation
R&S FSH Putting into Operation 1 Putting into Operation For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 1 "Putting into Operation". 1309.6275.12... -
Page 31: Getting Started
R&S FSH Getting Started 2 Getting Started For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 2 "Getting Started". 1309.6275.12... -
Page 32: Operation
R&S FSH Screen Layout 3 Operation Screen Layout Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers Battery charge status indicator Resolution bandwidth and Sweep time and Trace Reference video bandwidth Trigger mode mode and level Detector Indicator of invalid trace RF Attenuation Grid Labeling of the level axis... -
Page 33: Screen Layout When The Marker Mode Is Selected
Screen Layout R&S FSH Screen layout when the marker mode is selected Display of marker values Marker Deltamarker Selected item Submenu Available Activated softkeys softkey The colour of the softkey labelling and its background indicate the status of the softkey function in question: Softkey color Meaning... -
Page 34: Entering Measurement Parameters
R&S FSH Entering Measurement Parameters Entering Measurement Parameters Settings and texts are entered either by directly calling the functions or by entering values, units or texts separately. The R&S FSH has a variety of operating modes. ENTER key Rotary knob Alpha-numeric keypad Unit keys... -
Page 35: Entering Units
R&S FSH Entering units To enter a unit for a value entry, terminate the entry with a unit key. Use the unit keys down the right- hand side of the alphanumeric keypad. These keys have multiple assignments which depend on the unit entry expected by the R&S FSH. -
Page 36: Tables
R&S FSH Menu Overview Menu Overview Softkeys available for all measurement modes User settings User User User User User User USER Pref 1 Pref 2 Pref 3 Pref 4 Pref 5 Pref 6 File management SAVE Save Recall Sort / Internal / Save Exit... -
Page 37: General Settings
Menu Overview R&S FSH General settings Measure Instrument User HW / SW Installed SETUP Exit Setup Setup Preference Info Options Instrument Mode Date/Time: Current Date / Time Mode: Measurement Display: Backlight Level Frequency: Frequency Reference Display Color Center Frequency Auto Backlight Off Power: Frequency Offset Auto Power Down... -
Page 38: Softkeys Of The Spectrum Analyzer Mode
R&S FSH Menu Overview Softkeys of the spectrum analyzer mode Frequency entry Center Start Stop Freq Freq FREQ Freq Stepsize Freq Freq Offset Mode 0.1 x Span Frequency Manual… Channel =Center Vision Carrier 8VSB Pilot Sideband: Upper Frequency span Manual Full Zero Last... -
Page 39: Sweep
Menu Overview R&S FSH Sweep Manual Auto Cont Single SWEEP Trigger SWP Time SWP Time Sweep Sweep Free Run Trace Video: 50% External Rise External Fall Trigger Delay: 0 s Trace settings Trace Select Trace > Trace TRACE Detector Show Mode Trace 1 2 Memory... -
Page 40: Channel Power
R&S FSH Menu Overview Channel power Channel Level Channel Power Measure Standard Power Unit Power Adjust Display Clear/Write Max Hold dBmV dBHV dbHV/m dBHA/m W/m² Short/ Internal/ View Select Exit Show SD-Card Sort on Name Sort on Date/Time Sort on Size Show Compatible Show All Files Occupied Bandwidth... -
Page 41: Marker
Menu Overview R&S FSH Marker Marker Delete Select Marker View MARKER Marker Type Marker Marker Function List Delete Selected Marker Mode Noise Delete All Delta Delete All Frequency Count Marker Display Frequency Channel Marker Demodulation Time: 500 ms Volume: 30% Marker position Set to Set to... -
Page 42: Softkeys Of The Network Analyzer Mode
R&S FSH Menu Overview Softkeys of the network analyzer mode Frequency entry Center Start Stop Freq FREQ Freq Stepsize Freq Freq Offset 0.1 x Span Manual… =Center Frequency span Manual Full Zero Last SPAN Span Span Span Span Level settings RF Att / TG Output AMPT... -
Page 43: Trace Settings
Menu Overview R&S FSH Trace settings Trace Select Trace > Trace TRACE Detector Show Mode Trace 1 2 Memory Math View Auto Detector Memory 1 Memory 2 Trace - Memory Clear / Write Auto Peak Memory - Trace Average: 10... Max Peak Min Hold Min Peak... -
Page 44: Marker
R&S FSH Menu Overview Marker Marker Delete Select View MARKER Marker Type Marker Marker List Delete Selected Delete All Delta Delete All Marker position Set to Set to Set to Select Search Center=Mkr MKR -> Peak Next Peak Minimum Marker Level=Mkr Limits Selected Marker... -
Page 45: Softkeys Of The Distance To Fault Mode
Menu Overview R&S FSH Softkeys of the Distance to Fault mode Frequency entry Center Start Stop FREQ Freq Stepsize Freq Freq 0.1 x Span Manual… =Center Frequency span DTF Span Manual Auto SPAN Span Span Reflection and Spectrum Span Manual Full SPAN Span... -
Page 46: Trace Settings
R&S FSH Menu Overview Trace settings Trace Trace > TRACE Detector Show Mode Memory Memory View Auto Detector Clear / Write Auto Peak Average: 10... Max Peak Min Hold Min Peak Max Hold Sample Measurement functions Meas Cable Cable View MEAS Calibrate Format... -
Page 47: Softkeys Of The Power Meter Mode
Menu Overview R&S FSH Softkeys of the Power Meter mode Frequency entry FREQ Freq Level settings AMPT Unit Ref Offset Sweep SWEEP Meas Time Measurement functions Power Meter Mode: MEAS Freq Unit Zero -> Ref Meas Time dB Rel... Directional Power Meter Mode: Fwrd Pwr Freq Unit... -
Page 48: Instrument Functions
R&S FSH Instrument Default Setup 4 Instrument Functions Instrument Default Setup When you press the PRESET key, the R&S FSH is set to its default setup or presets. It is best to select the PRESET when you are going to perform a new measurement task. The new settings can then be made on the basis of the more familiar default setup without the old settings affecting the measurement. -
Page 49: Entering The Center Frequency
Setting the Frequency R&S FSH Entering the center frequency Press the FREQ key. The R&S FSH opens the frequency menu. Center frequency entry is always activated, so that the frequency settings can be made with the minimum number of keystrokes. The current center frequency is displayed in the value entry box. -
Page 50: Entering The Center-Frequency Step Size
R&S FSH Setting the Frequency Entering the center-frequency step size Press the CF STEPSIZE key. A submenu above the softkey label opens. The box contains various step size setting options. With 0.1 x SPAN (default setting), the step size is equal to 10 % of the span (= 1 division on the vertical scale). -
Page 51: Working With Channel Tables
Setting the Frequency R&S FSH If you enter a stop frequency on the R&S FSH which exceeds the maximum stop frequency of the instrument model, the R&S FSH will set the stop frequency to the maximum permissable stop frequency. If you reach this frequency limit with the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the R&S FSH will ignore any further rotary ticks or cursor steps. -
Page 52: Setting The Span
R&S FSH Setting the Span Channel numbers are assigned to frequencies as follows: The first channel is assigned a channel number and a frequency. All subsequent channels have ascending numbers. The frequency spacing between channels is fixed. It can also be negative, i.e. the center frequency of the R&S FSH decreases with ascending channel number. -
Page 53: Setting The Amplitude Parameters
Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters All R&S FSH settings referred to the level display are made with the AMPT key. The reference level (REF) is the level represented by the uppermost grid line in the measurement diagram. -
Page 54: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters The reference level is in dBm for the default setting. However, the units dBmV, dBKV, Watt and Volt can also be selected. Unit selection is of most relevance to the marker level display as the marker level is displayed in the unit of the reference level. -
Page 55: Entering The Display Range
Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH Entering the display range Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE/REF POS softkey. A submenu opens. The various options for scaling the level axis are displayed. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the scaling option you want and confirm by pressing the ENTER key. -
Page 56: Entering The Display Unit
R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters Entering the display unit Press the AMPT key. Press the UNIT softkey. A submenu opens. The various unit options for the reference level are displayed. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the unit you want and confirm by pressing the ENTER key. -
Page 57: Entering The Rf Preamplification
Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH Entering the RF preamplification To increase the input sensitivity of the R&S FSH, the device has an integrated 20 dB preamplifier upstream of the input mixer. This is switched off in the default state and can be switched on for measuring low power signals. - Page 58 R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters Press the AMPT key. Press the TRANSDUCER softkey. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the primary and secondary transducer factors. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the menu item SELECT PRIMARY TRANSDUCER and confirm with the ENTER key.
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Page 59: Setting The Bandwidths
Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH Setting the Bandwidths A key feature of a spectrum analyzer is that it can display the frequency spectrum of a signal. The resolution bandwidth determines how well a spectrum analyzer can separate adjacent frequencies. Spectrum analyzers usually also have switchable video bandwidths. The video bandwidth is determined by the cutoff frequency of the lowpass used to filter the video voltage before it is displayed. -
Page 60: Video Bandwidth
R&S FSH Setting the Bandwidths Enter the resolution bandwidth you want using the number keys and terminate the entry with the appropriate unit (MHz, kHz or Hz), or Change the resolution bandwidth to the value you want using the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Note: The 200 kHz resolution bandwidth has to be entered by means of the number keys. - Page 61 Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH Therefore, the following rules of thumb can be applied to setting the video bandwidth: • If you are performing measurements on modulated signals, the video bandwidth must be sufficiently large so that desired modulation components are not rejected ( RBW). •...
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Page 62: Setting The Sweep
R&S FSH Setting the Sweep Setting the Sweep If the span is > 0, the sweep time is the time the spectrum analyzer takes to traverse the displayed span to measure the spectrum. Certain boundary conditions must be met if a spurious spectrum is not to be displayed. -
Page 63: Sweep Mode
Setting the Sweep R&S FSH Sweep mode When the default settings are activated, the R&S FSH is in the continuous sweep mode, i.e. when one sweep of the span has been completed, the sweep is automatically repeated from the start of the span. The trace is refreshed after each sweep. - Page 64 R&S FSH Setting the Sweep Operating sequence: Press the SWEEP key. Press the TRIGGER softkey. The submenu for setting the trigger opens. If the default setting is selected, FREE RUN is highlighted in red. If span = 0 Hz, any setting can be selected; otherwise the settings VIDEO...
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Page 65: Trace Settings
Trace Settings R&S FSH Trace Settings The R&S FSH provides two measurement traces and two reference traces in memory. Trace mode A variety of display modes can be selected for the trace: • CLEAR/WRITE The R&S FSH clears the old trace during a new sweep. This is the default setting. -
Page 66: Detector
R&S FSH Trace Settings The following actions can be performed: Confirm the displayed number of averagings with the TRACE softkey or the ENTER key. Using the numeric keypad, enter a new figure between 2 and 999 for specifying the number of averagings and confirm your entry with the TRACE softkey or the ENTER key. - Page 67 Trace Settings R&S FSH • SAMPLE The Sample detector does not “summarize” any aspect of the spectrum which is available in its complete form in the R&S FSH, but instead shows only one arbitrary measurement point within a pixel. The Sample detector should always be used for measurements with span = 0 Hz, as this is the only way of correctly representing the timing of the video signal.
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Page 68: Trace-Selection
R&S FSH Trace Settings Operating sequence: Press the TRACE key. Press the DETECTOR softkey. The submenu for selecting the detector opens. If automatic operation has been selected, the AUTO DETECTOR menu item is marked with X and the R&S FSH displays the detector that is set to match the trace mode that is set. -
Page 69: Trace Memory
Trace Settings R&S FSH Trace memory The R&S FSH can transfer a trace to the trace memory and also display the current trace and the trace in the trace memory for comparison. The saved trace is always displayed in white to distinguish it from the current trace. -
Page 70: Trace Mathematics
R&S FSH Using the Markers Trace mathematics The R&S FSH can subtract a saved trace from the active trace and display the difference. Operation: Press the TRACE key. Press the TRACE > MEMORY softkey. The R&S FSH transfers the currently displayed trace to the trace memory. - Page 71 Using the Markers R&S FSH Marker Marker frequency level Marker Delta marker symbol frequency Marker Delta marker Delta marker level symbol Delta marker Marker menu Controlling the marker: Press the MARKER key. The marker menu opens. If, as yet, no marker has been activated, the main marker (MARKER) is turned on automatically and placed on the maximum level in the spectrum.
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Page 72: Automatic Marker Positioning
R&S FSH Using the Markers Enter a delta marker position with the number keys and confirm with a unit key. Confirm the delta marker position by pressing the ENTER key. Automatic marker positioning The R&S FSH has functions that make setting markers easier or allow instrument settings to be made on the basis of the current marker position: •... - Page 73 Using the Markers R&S FSH Press the SEARCH LIMITS softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select SEARCH LIMITS ON/OFF. Confirm your choice with the SEARCH LIMITS softkey or the ENTER key. Der R&S FSH schaltet die Begrenzung des Marker- Suchbereichs ein.
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Page 74: Using More Than One Marker At A Time (Multimarker Mode)
R&S FSH Using the Markers Using more than one marker at a time (multimarker mode) To measure different signals in a trace, the R&S FSH has the multimarker function. Up to six different markers are available. Marker 1 measures in absolute units. Markers 2 to 6 can measure in absolute units (marker) as well as relative units (delta). - Page 75 Using the Markers R&S FSH Automatic marker positioning: Automatic positioning of markers in multimarker mode is similar to that of the normal marker. The different functions always apply to the active marker, which is also indicated for the various functions in the MKR-> menu (example: Selected Marker to Peak).
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Page 76: Marker Functions
R&S FSH Using the Markers Deactivating markers or delta markers one at a time: Press the SELECT MARKER softkey repeatedly until the desired marker is highlighted in red. The value entry field for the selected marker appears. Press the DELETE MARKER softkey. Now confirm the menu entry DELETE SELECTED by pressing ENTER. -
Page 77: Measuring The Frequency
Using the Markers R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the MARKER key. Press the MARKER FUNCTION softkey. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the NOISE menu item. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or by pressing the MARKER FUNCTION softkey again. The R&S FSH now indicates the marker level in dBm/Hz. -
Page 78: Af Demodulation
R&S FSH Using the Markers AF demodulation The R&S FSH has an AM and FM demodulator for audiomonitoring signals. The demodulated AF signal can be listened to with the internal speaker or headphones (optional accessories). The headphones are connected to the 3.5 mm jack on the top side of the instrument. As the R&S FSH makes the uncontrolled video voltage audible in the case of AM demodulation, it is advisable to set the reference level so that the level of the signal to be demodulated is near the reference level. -
Page 79: Using The Display Line
Using the Display Line R&S FSH Using the Display Line In addition to the markers, the R&S FSH provides a horizontal line for determining the signal level in the display. Press the LINES key. Press the DISPLAY LINE softkey. The R&S FSH displays a horizontal line across the entire diagram. - Page 80 R&S FSH Using Limit Lines Operating sequence: Press the LINES key. The softkey menu for the control of limit lines is displayed on the screen. The R&S FSH makes a distinction between upper limit lines (UPPER LIMIT) and lower limit lines (LOWER LIMIT).
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Page 81: Measurements With Limit Lines
Using Limit Lines R&S FSH Exiting the list of limit lines: Press the EXIT softkey to close the list of limit lines. Switching off a limit line: Press LINES. Press softkey UPPER LIMIT / LOWER LIMIT. In the menu select DESELECT LIMIT using the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm with ENTER. -
Page 82: Definition Range Of Limit Lines
R&S FSH Setting and Using the Measurement Functions Definition range of limit lines If a limit line is not defined in the entire frequency range or displayed span, a check is not performed outside the definition range. Data sets containing limit lines The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any limit lines that may have been active for the measurement in question. -
Page 83: Selecting The Standard
Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH The R&S FSH displays the softkey menu for setting the channel power measurement. Two vertical lines in the measurement diagram indicate the channel bandwidth. The measured channel power is shown in large letters below the measurement diagram. -
Page 84: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals Setting the reference level When selecting the reference level, ensure that the R&S FSH is not overdriven. As the power is measured with a resolution bandwidth that is small in comparison with the signal bandwidth, the R&S FSH may still be overdriven even though the trace is still within the measurement diagram. - Page 85 Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH Operation: Press the SPAN key. The AUTO SPAN softkey label is highlighted in green to indicate that the optimum span for the channel power measurement is set. MANUAL SPAN is activated to allow immediate entry of another span.
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Page 86: Unit For Power Display
R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals Unit for power display The R&S FSH can use different units for power output. The basic unit is dBm. Press the PWR UNIT softkey. The R&S FSH opens the submenu with the units: dBm, dBmV and dBKV. -
Page 87: Selecting A Standard
Power measurements on TDMA signals R&S FSH Standard Power Readout Trigger Level Measurement Limits Measurement Time Selecting a standard When the function is switched on, the R&S FSH automatically selects the GSM/EDGE standard. All default settings are selected so that power measurements on GSM or EDGE bursts give true readings. Using the R&S FSH4View control software, additional standards can be generated and permanently loaded into the R&S FSH. -
Page 88: Optimizing The Reference Level
R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals Optimizing the reference level To obtain the greatest possible dynamic range for burst signals, the lowest reference level possible must be set. If this is not done, the R&S FSH will be overdriven by the measurement signal, if its maximum level exceeds the maximum reference level. -
Page 89: Measuring The Occupied Bandwidth
Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH Select the menu item TRIGGER DELAY by using the rotary knob and confirm with the ENTER key Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, adjust the trigger delay until the TDMA burst is inside the vertical lines indicating the measurement range, or Using the number keys, enter the appropriate trigger delay and terminate the entry with the... -
Page 90: Selecting A Standard
R&S FSH Measuring the occupied bandwidth Selecting a standard The R&S FSH offers a default for measuring the occupied bandwidth for different standards. It is also possible to define and save user-specific configurations. Press the STANDARD softkey. A table with the available standards opens. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the appropriate standard. -
Page 91: Setting The Channel Bandwidth
Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey. The R&S FSH starts the measurement of the optimal reference level using a resolution bandwidth of 3 MHz, a video bandwidth of 3 MHz and the peak detector. While the measurement is in progress, the R&S FSH outputs message “Adjusting... -
Page 92: Displaying The Occupied Bandwidth
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Displaying the occupied bandwidth The R&S FSH now displays the occupied bandwidth (OBW: nnn.nn MHz) above the measurement diagram. Changing the span The span set by the R&S FSH normally yields optimum measurement results. In some cases, however, a larger span needs to be selected. - Page 93 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH increasing the dynamic range and the measurement accuracy. The operation of vector measurements primarily differs in the expanded calibration routines. In addition, the R&S FSH-K42 option offers additional measurement functions for determining the phase, the group delay and the electrical length of a DUT.
- Page 94 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator When the tracking generator is on, measurement parameters like bandwidth or the frequency range are selected with the appropriate keys as in the spectrum analyzer mode. When the MEAS key is pressed, the softkey menu for the tracking generator is displayed.
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Page 95: Measuring The Transmission Of Two-Ports
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Note: With an SD memory card inserted, you can toggle between internal memory and the memory card with the INTERNAL/SD-CARD softkey. Setting the output level: Press the TG OUTPUT ATTENUATION softkey in the AMPT menu. - Page 96 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator The R&S FSH now prompts you to connect its RF input to the tracking generator output so that calibration can be carried out. Connect the RF input of the R&S RSH3 directly to the tracking generator output without the DUT.
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Page 97: Vector Measurement
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Press the AMPT key. Press the REF LEVEL softkey. Change the reference using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, or enter a new reference via the numeric keypad. Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or the REF LEVEL softkey. - Page 98 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator 1. Full Two Port: Both test ports are calibrated for a complete set of measurements (input reflection (S11), forward transmission (S21), reverse transmission (S12) and output reflection (S22). The calibration routine therefore requires the connection of the standards load, open and short to both test ports, and a through connection of the test ports.
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Page 99: Vector Transmission Measurement
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH 5. Reflection Port 2: Test port 2 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S22). The calibration routine requires the calibration standards open, short and load. Note: The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). If, after calibration of the reflection at port 1, other measurements (Transmission Fwd / Rev, Reflection Port 2) are selected, the R&S FSH uses the appropriate calibration data from the factory calibration. - Page 100 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Press the MEAS key. Press the CALIBRATION softkey. Select TRANSMISSION FWD (PORT1 -> 2) using the rotary knob and confirm with ENTER or the CALIBRATION softkey. To calibrate the transfer measurement, the R&S FSH requests that the RF input be connected to the tracking generator output.
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Page 101: Measuring The Transmission Magnitude
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Measuring the transmission magnitude Connect the DUT between the tracking generator output and the RF input. Press the FORMAT softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select MAGNITUDE from the menu and confirm by pressing either the FORMAT softkey or the ENTER key. -
Page 102: Supplying Dc Voltage To Active Duts (Models With Integrated Vswr Bridge Only)
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator The R&S FSH displays the DUT's phase characteristic as a function of the frequency REFLECTION VECTOR (CAL) PHASE will appear in the upper area of the display. In the default scaling, the phase can only have values between -200°... - Page 103 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Press the MEAS MODE softkey and select SCALAR Press the CALIBRATE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the menu item NORMALIZE REFLECTION PORT 1 (SHORT). The R&S FSH prompts the user to connect an open to the measurement input.
- Page 104 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Connect the DUT to the measurement port of the VSWR bridge. The R&S FSH displays the return loss of the DUT. Entering the display unit: Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. The submenu for selecting the display ranges will open.
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Page 105: Vector Measurement Of Reflection
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Vector measurement of reflection (only available for models with integrated VSWR bridge (order numbers 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) and equipped with with option R&S FSH-K42 in conjunction with option R&S FSH-Z28 and R&S FSH- Z29). -
Page 106: Measuring The Reflection Magnitude
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator When open-circuit calibration over, R&S FSH outputs message requesting termination of the measurement port into a short circuit (SHORT). Terminate the measurement input of the bridge or the end of the measurement cable into a short circuit. -
Page 107: Measuring The Reflection Phase
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Measuring the reflection phase Press the MEAS MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select PHASE from the menu and confirm by pressing either the FORMAT softkey or the ENTER key. The R&S FSH displays the DUT's phase characteristic as a function of the frequency. -
Page 108: Displaying The Reflection In The Smith Chart
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator In the upper diagram the R&S FSH shows the magnitude of the reverse attenuation. In the lower diagram the phase curve of the DUT is shown as functions of frequency. In the upper area of the screen, R&S FSH shows REFLECTION... - Page 109 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Using the markers in the Smith chart: Like with the scalar measurement, the Smith chart display also provides all marker functions (marker, delta marker, multi-marker (see also section "Using the Markers"). The Smith chart also provides additional marker formats for vector reflection measurements.
- Page 110 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Zooming in on parts of the Smith chart: To gain a better look at the measurement results, you can use the zoom function to enlarge any part of the Smith chart. To activate the zoom function: Press the TRACE key.
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Page 111: Selecting The Calibration Standards
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Set a value from -50% to +50% by using the rotary knob or cursor keys or by entering a numeric value. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MOVE Y softkey. To enlarge an area: Press the ZOOM ACTIVE softkey. - Page 112 R&S FSH Proceed as follows to use the R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 calibration standards: Select FSH CALKIT in the CALKIT menu with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. To perform phase correction for additional cables and adapters proceed as follows: Select the menu item OFFSET LENGTH…...
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Page 113: Cable Measurements
Cable Measurements R&S FSH Cable Measurements (Only for R&S FSH8 with tracking generator (catalogue number 1309.6000.18 or 1309.6000.28) and installed option R&S FSH-K41 (Distance-To-Fault Measurements) in conjunction with R&S FSH-Z20 (RF cable) and R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards).) Measurements to determine the characteristics of cables to the antenna are key tasks when transmission equipment is being installed or maintained. -
Page 114: Cable Selection
R&S FSH Cable Measurements To perform distance-to-fault measurements, the R&S FSH needs to “know” the type of cable and its approximate length. The cable type must be known to determine the speed of propagation and so the distance to any fault along the cable. -
Page 115: Selecting The Frequency Range
Cable Measurements R&S FSH Preselecting the cable length: The R&S FSH uses the cable length to determine the optimal span for the measurement. The longer the cable under test is, the smaller the span used by the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH also calculates the cable attenuation from the selected cable model and the length setting so that the magnitude of the reflection at the fault is measured correctly. -
Page 116: Calibrating The Test Setup
R&S FSH Cable Measurements When setting the frequency range, users are advised first to set the span and then the center frequency. This prevents a message from being output stating that the desired center frequency cannot be set for the span currently being used for the distance-to-fault measurement. Press the SPAN key. - Page 117 Cable Measurements R&S FSH Press the CALIBRATE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select DTF ONLY from the menu and confirm with the CALIBRATE softkey or the ENTER key The R&S FSH opens a text window which prompts the user to terminate the measurement cable with a SHORT.
- Page 118 R&S FSH Cable Measurements To select the display unit: Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. The R&S FSH will open the menu for selecting the display ranges. The available units depend on the selected measurement: return loss in dB, linear in %, standing wave ration (VSWR), reflection coefficient (ROH) and reflection coefficient (mROH).
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Page 119: Measurements Using The Power Sensor
Measurements using the power sensor R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor For even more accurate power measurements, the R&S FSH can be used with the Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z1 and R&S FSH-Z18. Their frequency ranges are 10 MHz to 8 GHz and 10 MHz to 18 GHz, respectively. - Page 120 R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor Operating sequence: Press the MODE key. Press the POWER METER softkey. The Power Meter submenu opens. The R&S FSH opens the screen for power measurements. If no power sensor is connected, no measured value is displayed. If a power sensor is connected, the R&S FSH sets up a connection via its interface and after a few seconds displays the measured power.
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Page 121: Zeroing The Power Sensor
Measurements using the power sensor R&S FSH The power sensor has a memory containing frequency-dependent correction values. This means that the highest accuracy is reached for signals whose frequency is known. If the R&S FSH switches over to the power measurement mode from another operating mode, it uses the center frequency as the frequency for the power sensor. -
Page 122: Selecting The Unit For The Power Readout
R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor Selecting the unit for the power readout The R&S FSH can display measured power in relative units (dBm) or in absolute units in Watts (W, mW, KW, nW and pW). A reference level in dB is also provided by the R&S FSH. Press the UNIT softkey. -
Page 123: Taking Additional Loss Or Gain Into Account
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys select the measurement time you want from the menu (i.e. SHORT, NORMAL or LONG). Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or by pressing the TIME softkey again. Taking additional loss or gain into account At high powers which cause the R&S FSH-Z1’s maximum input level to be exceeded or at very low levels which are below the instrument's minimum sensitivity, the R&S FSH can take additional loss or... - Page 124 R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Source Load Power sensor socket When measuring high powers, strictly observe the following instructions to prevent damage to the sensor or hazard to persons: CAUTION Danger of skin burns or damage to the instrument •...
- Page 125 Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH In the event of incorrect operation or sensor malfunction, the R&S FSH outputs the following error messages: Message Cause Remedy Error in zeroing: signal at A signal was present at the Unscrew the power sensor from sensor power sensor when zeroing was the device under test and repeat...
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Page 126: Zeroing The Power Sensor
R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power Press the FREQ softkey. The frequency value entry box opens. Using the number keys, enter the frequency you want and confirm the entry with the ENTER key or by pressing the FREQ softkey again. The R&S FSH transfers the new frequency to the power sensor which corrects the measured power values accordingly. -
Page 127: Setting The Power Measurement Weighting
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Setting the power measurement weighting For forward power display, the R&S FSH provides both average power and peak envelope power. Use the FWRD PWR DISPLAY softkey in the Power Sensor menu to switch between the two. Press the FWRD PWR DISPLAY softkey. -
Page 128: Taking Additional Attenuation Into Account
R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power When the dB REL... unit is selected, an entry box for the reference level opens. Enter the reference level (REFERENCE) using the number keys and terminate the entry with the appropriate unit, or change the reference level using the rotary knob or the cursor keys. - Page 129 Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Press the AMPT key. Press the REF OFFSET softkey. The value entry box for the reference offset opens. Enter the desired offset using the rotary knob, the cursor keys or the number keys and confirm the entry with the ENTER key.
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Page 130: Measuring With Transducer Factors
R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors Measuring with Transducer Factors The frequency-dependent transducer factor of transducers and antennas can be directly considered in the measurement result. A transducer factor consists of a numeric values and a unit. The R&S FSH corrects the level values of the trace by the values of the transducer. - Page 131 Measuring with Transducer Factors R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the AMPT key. Press the TRANSDUCER softkey. The softkey menu for operation of transducer factors is displayed on the screen. N.B : Transducer factors are not available for measurements with the tracking generator or the Power Sensors.
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Page 132: Unit For Measurements With Transducers
R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors If a transducer is switched on, the R&S FSH shows the selected transducer after the AMPT key is pressed. The complete name of the selected transducer is also displayed in the status line (press the STATUS key and scroll downward in the list), or in the list of transducer factors (entry highlighted in red). -
Page 133: Frequency Range Of Transducer
Measuring with Transducer Factors R&S FSH Frequency range of transducer If the set frequency range is wider than the span in which a transducer is defined, the R&S FSH assumes the transducer values outside the defined range to be zero. Data sets containing transducer factors The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any transducer factors that may have been active for the measurement in question. -
Page 134: Saving And Loading Instrument Settings And Measurement Results
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results The R&S FSH’s settings and measurement results can be saved to the internal memory and recalled at a later date. Using the R&S FSH4View software package, these data sets can also be saved to a PC from the R&S FSH or downloaded onto the R&S FSH from a PC. -
Page 135: Saving Results
Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results R&S FSH Saving results Press the SAVE softkey. The R&S FSH opens a text box and prompts the user to enter a name for the data set. The Name entry box, which is highlighted in red, also suggests a name for the data set (DATASET.003) which can be accepted by pressing the ENTER key. -
Page 136: Loading Measurement Results
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results If the R&S FSH is expecting a letter entry, it automatically assigns the letters above the keys to the keys in the alphanumeric keypad. The keys have a multiple assignment. Enter the letter you want by pressing the key in question the appropriate number of times. -
Page 137: Measurements
Measurements R&S FSH Measurements How a spectrum analyzer operates Basically, an RF signal can either be analyzed in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the time domain, how the signal varies with time can be observed on an oscilloscope, for example. In the frequency domain, a spectrum analyzer can be used to display the frequency components of a signal. - Page 138 R&S FSH Measurements Envelope Video Input precis. Detector IF filter detector filter attenuator Mixer RF input Y deflection Screen Local oscillator X deflection Sawtooth generator (for sweep) The precision attenuator at the input of the spectrum analyzer adjusts the level of the measurement signal to the level range that the mixer can handle without overdriving it.
- Page 139 Measurements R&S FSH Input frequency range Input Intermediate Image 0 Hz Local Frequency frequency frequency frequency oscillator image The first local oscillator is tuned with a sawtooth which simultaneously acts as the x deflection voltage for the display. In practice, synthesizer technology is used to generate the frequency of the first local oscillator and for a digital display.
- Page 140 R&S FSH Measurements The video filter comes after the envelope detector. The filter is a lowpass with an adjustable cutoff frequency which limits the bandwidth of the video signal. It is particularly useful when sine signals are to be measured in the vicinity of the spectrum analyzer’s intrinsic noise. The sine signal produces a video signal that is a DC voltage.
- Page 141 Measurements R&S FSH The Fig. above shows 30 measured values which are represented by a single pixel. The peak detector determines and displays the maximum measured value. The Auto Peak detector takes the maximum and minimum and displays them together. The two values are joined by a vertical line segment. This gives a good indication of the level variation over the measured values represented by a single pixel.
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