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Instruction Manual
Model 4430
VW Deformation Meter
No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of Geokon
®
.
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Geokon
®
assumes no responsibility for errors,
omissions or misinterpretation. The information herein is subject to change without notification.
Copyright © 1988-2019 by Geokon
®
(Doc Rev L, 1/09/2019)
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Geokon 4430
Summary of Contents for Geokon 4430
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Model 4430 VW Deformation Meter No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of Geokon ® The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Geokon ®...
- Page 3 Geokon or any breach of any warranty by Geokon shall not exceed the purchase price paid by the purchaser to Geokon for the unit or units, or equipment directly affected by such breach. Under no circumstances will Geokon reimburse the claimant for loss incurred in removing and/or reinstalling equipment.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
..........................13 EMPERATURE ORRECTION 4.3 E ..........................14 NVIRONMENTAL ACTORS 5. TROUBLESHOOTING ............................15 APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS ......................... 17 A.1 M 4430 D ........................ 17 ODEL EFORMATION ETER A.2 T ) ......................17 HERMISTOR PPENDIX ALSO APPENDIX B. THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION ..............18... - Page 6 FIGURES 1 - M 4430 D ......................1 IGURE ODEL EFORMATION ETER 2 - 4435 P ..............................2 IGURE RINT 3 - O- ............................3 IGURE RING ULLET 4 - B ........................... 4 IGURE OREHOLE NSTALLATION 5 - I ......................5...
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Page 7: Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Theory of Operation The Geokon Model 4430 Vibrating Wire Deformation Meter is designed to measure axial deformations in boreholes in rock, concrete or soil. It can also be embedded in soils in embankments such as earth dams and highway fills. The units can be installed in series providing incremental deformation measurements over any length. -
Page 8: Installation
2. INSTALLATION 2.1 Preliminary Tests Upon receipt of the instrument, the gauge should be checked for proper operation (including the thermistor). In position "B" the gauge will read between 2000 and 8000 digits (see Section 3 for readout instructions). When pulling slightly on the end flanges (items number three and four in Figure 2), the reading should increase. -
Page 9: Figure 3 - O-Ring Bullet
Complete the following: (Item numbers referenced in the following steps are detailed in Figure 2.) 1) Remove the 1.315” shipping tube (Item 6) from the back of the transducer and discard. At this point, the shipping spacer, or shipping pin, can be removed and the push rod can be gently retracted back into the transducer. -
Page 10: Deformation Meter Installation
2.3 Deformation Meter Installation 2.3.1 Installation in Boreholes The primary use of the Model 4430 is for the measurement of axial strains or deformations in boreholes. The most common method of installation is by grouting. Horizontal holes should be inclined slightly downward to make for easy grouting and to avoid air pockets. -
Page 11: Installation In Mass Concrete
(For more details, see the Model 4435 Soil Strainmeter Manual) The Model 4435, which is a variation of the Model 4430, is used as a soil deformation meter in fills and embankments by placing the unit in shallow, horizontal trenches in the fill. -
Page 12: Cable Installation And Splicing
Splice kits recommended by Geokon incorporate casts, which are placed around the splice and are then filled with epoxy to waterproof the connections. When properly made, this type of splice is equal or superior to the cable in strength and electrical properties. Contact Geokon for splicing materials and additional cable splicing instructions. -
Page 13: Lightning Protection
2.7 Lightning Protection The Model 4430 Vibrating Wire Deformation Meter, unlike numerous other types of instrumentation available from Geokon, does not have any integral lightning protection components, i.e., transzorbs or plasma surge arrestors. Usually this is not a problem however, if the instrument cable is exposed, it may be appropriate to install lightning protection components, as the transient could travel down the cable to the deformation meter and possibly destroy it. -
Page 14: Taking Readings
20 hours continuously on two AA batteries. It is designed for the readout of all Geokon vibrating wire gauges and transducers, and is capable of displaying the reading in either digits, frequency (Hz), period (µs), or microstrain (µε). The GK-404 also displays the temperature of the transducer (embedded thermistor) with a resolution of 0.1 °C. -
Page 15: Gk-405 Readout Box
3.2.2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads Attach the GK-403-2 flying leads to the bare leads of a Geokon vibrating wire sensor by connecting each of the clips on the leads to the matching colors of the sensor conductors, with blue representing the shield (bare). -
Page 16: Gk-403 Readout Box (Obsolete Model)
3.3.2 Connecting Sensors with Bare Leads Attach the GK-403-2 flying leads to the bare leads of a Geokon vibrating wire sensor by connecting each of the clips on the leads to the matching colors of the sensor conductors, with blue representing the shield (bare). -
Page 17: Data Reduction
4. DATA REDUCTION 4.1 Deformation Calculation The basic units utilized by Geokon for measurement and reduction of data from Vibrating Wire Deformation Meters are "digits". The units displayed by all Readout Boxes in position "B" are digits. Calculation of digits is based on the following equation: Digits = �... -
Page 18: A Typical Calibration Sheet
Figure 10 - A Typical Calibration Sheet... -
Page 19: Temperature Correction
4.2 Temperature Correction The Model 4430 Deformation Meter has a very small coefficient of thermal expansion; therefore, in most cases correction is not necessary. However, if maximum accuracy is desired or the temperature changes are extreme (>10 °C) corrections may be applied. The following equation... -
Page 20: Environmental Factors
Where L is the length of deformation meter in millimeters or inches, minus the transducer length (see Table 2), in millimeters or inches, respectively. Consider the following example using a Model 4430 Deformation Meter with a one meter gauge length and 25 mm transducer. Taken from the calibration sheet shown in Figure 10:... -
Page 21: Troubleshooting
Gauges should not be opened in the field. Should difficulties arise, consult the following list of problems and possible solutions. Return any faulty gauges to the factory. For additional troubleshooting and support, contact Geokon. Symptom: Thermistor resistance is too high ... -
Page 22: Table 3 - Sample Resistance
Vibrating Wire Sensor Lead Grid - SAMPLE VALUES Black White Green Shield infinite infinite infinite ≅180Ω Black infinite infinite infinite ≅180Ω 3000Ω at White infinite infinite infinite 25°C 3000Ω at Green infinite infinite infinite 25°C Shield infinite infinite infinite infinite Table 3 - Sample Resistance Vibrating Wire Sensor Lead Grid - SENSOR NAME/## Black... -
Page 23: Appendix A. Specifications
26.7 mm, 1.050" (body) 51 mm, 2" (flange) Weight: 1 kg., 2.2 lbs. Table 5 - Model 4430 Specifications Notes: Consult the factory for other lengths and ranges available. Consult the factory for alternate cable types. A.2 Thermistor (see Appendix B also) Range: = -80 to +150 °C... -
Page 24: Appendix B. Thermistor Temperature Derivation
APPENDIX B. THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION Thermistor Type: YSI 44005, Dale #1C3001-B3, Alpha #13A3001-B3 Resistance to Temperature Equation: A+B ( LnR ) +C(LnR) -273.2 Equation 6 - Resistance to Temperature Where; T = Temperature in °C. LnR = Natural Log of Thermistor Resistance A = 1.4051 ×...