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Instruction Manual
Instruction Manual
Model 4430
VW Deformation Meter
No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of
Geokon, Inc.
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Geokon, Inc. assumes
no responsibility for errors, omissions or misinterpretation. The information herein is subject to change
without notification.
Copyright © 1988-2016. by Geokon, Inc.
(Doc Rev I, 11/10/16)
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Geokon 4430
Summary of Contents for Geokon 4430
- Page 1 No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of Geokon, Inc. The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Geokon, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions or misinterpretation. The information herein is subject to change without notification.
- Page 3 Upon examination by Geokon, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. However, the WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
EMPERATURE ORRECTION 4.3. E ........................11 NVIRONMENTAL ACTORS 5. TROUBLESHOOTING ..........................13 APPENDIX A - SPECIFICATIONS ....................... 14 A.1. M 4430 D ......................14 ODEL EFORMATION ETER APPENDIX B - THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION ............15... - Page 6 LIST of FIGURES, TABLES and EQUATIONS Page 1 - M 4430 D ....................1 IGURE ODEL EFORMATION ETER 2 - B ........................2 IGURE OREHOLE NSTALLATION 3 - I ....................3 IGURE NSTALLATION LONG REST OF ...
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Page 7: Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Theory of Operation The Geokon Model 4430 Vibrating Wire Deformation Meter is designed to measure axial deformations in boreholes in rock, concrete or soil. It can also be embedded in soils in embankments such as earth dams and highway fills. The units can be installed in series providing incremental deformation measurements over any length. -
Page 8: Installation
2.2. Deformation Meter Installation 2.2.1. Installation in Boreholes The primary use of the Model 4430 is for the measurement of axial strains or deformations in boreholes. The most common method of installation is by grouting. Horizontal holes should be inclined slightly downward to make for easy grouting and to avoid air pockets. -
Page 9: Installation In Mass Concrete
( For more details see the Model 4435 Soil Strainmeter Manual) The Model 4435, which is a variation of the Model 4430, is used as a soil deformation meter in fills and embankments by placing the unit in shallow, horizontal trenches in the fill. -
Page 10: Cable Protection And Termination
2.3. Cable Protection and Termination As noted above, the cable from the gages can be protected by the use of flexible conduit, which can be supplied by Geokon. Terminal boxes with sealed cable entries and covers are also available, allowing many gages to be terminated at one location with complete protection of the lead wires. - Page 11 2.6. Lightning Protection The Model 4430 Vibrating Wire Deformation Meter, unlike numerous other types of instrumentation available from Geokon, do not have any integral lightning protection components, i.e. transzorbs or plasma surge arrestors. Usually this is not a problem however, if the instrument cable is exposed, it may be appropriate to install lightning protection components, as the transient could travel down the cable to the deformation meter and possibly destroy it.
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Page 12: Taking Readings
3. TAKING READINGS 3.1. Operation of the GK-403 Readout Box The GK-403 can store gage readings and also apply calibration factors to convert readings to engineering units. Consult the GK-403 Instruction Manual for additional information on Mode "G" of the Readout. The following instructions will explain taking gage measurements using Mode "B". -
Page 13: Operation Of The Gk405 Readout Box
3.3 Operation of the GK405 Readout Box The GK-405 Vibrating Wire Readout is made up of two components: The Readout Unit, consisting of a Windows Mobile handheld PC running the GK-405 Vibrating Wire Readout Application The GK-405 Remote Module which is housed in a weather-proof enclosure and connects to the vibrating wire sensor by means of: 1) Flying leads with alligator type clips when the sensor cable terminates in bare wires or, 2) By means of a 10 pin connector.. -
Page 14: Measuring Temperatures
3.4. Measuring Temperatures Each Vibrating Wire Deformation Meter is equipped with a thermistor for reading temperature. The thermistor gives a varying resistance output as the temperature changes. Usually the white and green leads are connected to the internal thermistor. 1. Connect the ohmmeter to the two thermistor leads coming from the deformation meter. (Since the resistance changes with temperature are so large, the effect of cable resistance is usually insignificant.) 2. -
Page 15: Data Reduction
4. DATA REDUCTION 4.1. Deformation Calculation The basic units utilized by Geokon for measurement and reduction of data from Vibrating Wire Deformation Meters are "digits". The units displayed by all Readout Boxes in position "B" are digits. Calculation of digits is based on the following equation;... -
Page 16: Temperature Correction
4.2. Temperature Correction The Model 4430 Deformation Meter has a very small coefficient of thermal expansion so in most cases correction is not necessary. However, if maximum accuracy is desired or the temperature changes are extreme (>10° C) corrections may be applied. The following equation applies;... -
Page 17: Environmental Factors
Consider the following example using a Model 4430 Deformation Meter with a 1 meter gage length and 25 mm transducer. Taken from the calibration sheet shown in Figure 7 R 0 = 4250 digits R 1 = 6785 digits T 0 = 10° C T 1 = 20°... - Page 18 Figure 7 A Typical Calibration Sheet...
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Page 19: Troubleshooting
5. TROUBLESHOOTING Maintenance and troubleshooting of Vibrating Wire Deformation Meters is confined to periodic checks of cable connections. Once installed, the cells are usually inaccessible and remedial action is limited. Consult the following list of problems and possible solutions should difficulties arise. Consult the factory for additional troubleshooting help. Symptom: Deformation Meter Readings are Unstable ... -
Page 20: Appendix A - Specifications
APPENDIX A - SPECIFICATIONS A.1. Model 4430 Deformation Meter Gage Length: 1 1 meter (40 inches) Ranges Available: 1 12, 25, 50 mm 0.5, 1, 2" Overrange: 115% 0.1% (with polynomial expression) Accuracy: Resolution: 0.025% FSR Linearity: 0.25% FSR Thermal Zero Shift: <... -
Page 21: Appendix B - Thermistor Temperature Derivation
APPENDIX B - THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION Thermistor Type: YSI 44005, Dale #1C3001-B3, Alpha #13A3001-B3 Resistance to Temperature Equation: 273 2 A B LnR C LnR Equation B-1 Convert Thermistor Resistance to Temperature T Temperature in C. Where;...