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UMS HYPROP Operation Manual

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Operation Manual
HYPROP
This manual is also available in German:
http://www.ums-muc.de/static/Bedienungsanleitung_HYPROP-VIEW.pdf

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Summary of Contents for UMS HYPROP

  • Page 1 Operation Manual HYPROP This manual is also available in German: http://www.ums-muc.de/static/Bedienungsanleitung_HYPROP-VIEW.pdf...

  • Page 2: At A Glance - How It Works

    ® determine the hydraulic properties of soil samples. HYPROP measures the water tension at two levels of a sample using two tensio shafts. If the conductivity of the sample is poor the soil in the upper horizons dries out whereas the lower horizons are still humid.

  • Page 3: Parts Of The Device And Scope Of Delivery

    Parts of the device Note and scope of delivery This manual does not describe the evaluation of the measuring data using the HYPROP-FIT software. For this please find another manual: http://www.ums-muc.de/static/Manual_HYPROP-FIT.pdf sample ring silicone gasket O-ring (black) for dirt protection...
  • Page 4 Additional parts in the scope of delivery 5 | Scope of delivery...
  • Page 5 6 | Scope of delivery...
  • Page 6 7 | Scope of delivery...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    User support .....................11 Show devices ....................12 Device tree ......................13 Initial operation ....................16 Software installation: HYPROP-VIEW and HYPROP-FIT .........16 Hardware configuration ..................17 How to use the tube connections ..............18 General measuring procedure ................19 Preparing the measurement ................20 Saturating the soil sample ................20...
  • Page 8 Addendum ......................83 Typical measuring curves ................83 Standard pF curves ..................90 Procedure of sampling for WP4 measurements after a HYPROP measurement ...............91 Units for soil water and matrix potentials ............91 Facts and figures ....................93 Technical data ....................93 Literature cited ..................... 94...

  • Page 9: Important Information

    Damages caused by the user are not covered by the warranty. HYPROP is a device to measure soil tensions as well as soil water pressures and temperatures and is only intended for this parti- cular use.

  • Page 10: Hyprop-View Software Functions

    Software functions Key functions The key functions are: displaying the connected devices, • displaying the measurement data • filling assistant • measurement configuration wizard • The wizard is explained in the respective chapter. User support Note After starting the software the user support leads you through all software functions. If you are an experienced user you may not like to use the wizard of the measuring configuration and enter the data directly instead.

  • Page 11: Show Devices

    Example of user support: Wizard Click on an icon in the upper screen bar e.g. “Measurement”. Follow the wizard. When all steps are done, click on “Apply” Data you have entered are set in the if you want to enter the configuration. program.

  • Page 12: Device Tree

    Sensor unit “soil lab 15” is connected to the computer via the USB adapter. A Kern balance is connected to the computer via a RS232 interface. Sensor unit “soil lab 17” is connected to the computer via a HYPROP USB Cable. 13 | Software functions...
  • Page 13 Default folder for Interrupt, stop or start more balances) measurement files all measurements Short cuts to key functions Unit Link to the HYPROP-FIT Next step software Device ID One measurement Data to be typed Switches to displaying (click right mouse...
  • Page 14 Main window with measurement values Stops the Runs an immediate measurement measurement Opens the measurement file in HYPROP-FIT when Deletes all measurements the measurement performed is running Display of the soil sample’s Display of the soil sample’s tensions and weights over...

  • Page 15: Initial Operation

    Connect the HYPROP balance The balance connects automatically to the USB port. to the computer. Start the HYPROP software. Your HYPROP is ready to measure. Note For installing the HYPROP software you may need administrator rights. 16 | Initial operation...

  • Page 16: Hardware Configuration

    Hardware configuration Change device ID Each sensor unit needs its particular device ID otherwise a communication collision may occur. Click on device with right mouse button. Choose “Chance Device ID”. Choose an available ID from the pulldown menu. Click on “apply”. Change device name (optional) Click on device with right mouse button.

  • Page 17: How To Use The Tube Connections

    How to use the tube connections Note Cut the tube always rectangular otherwise the connection will be leaking. To connect the tube to the fitting push the tube in as far as it will go. To remove the tube press blue ring and pull. 18 | Initial operation...

  • Page 18: General Measuring Procedure

    • setting up the sample in the measuring system • and starting the measuring campaign evaluating the measuring results with HYPROP-FIT. • In the following this manual will guide you through the measuring process step-by-step. 19 | General measuring procedure...

  • Page 19: Preparing The Measurement

    Preparing the measurement Saturating the soil sample Take the sample ring with soil out of the transport box and clean it. Prepare top and bottom side of the sample (e. g. with a saw blade). Put a plastic cap upside down on the sample ring –...
  • Page 20 Fill 2 cm (1 in) of degassed water into a tray. Put the soil sample into the tray – tilt it so that air under the soil can escape. Put a plastic cap upside down on the sample ring. Do not fix it so that air can ventilate.

  • Page 21: Filing The Device

    Filling the device The tensio shafts “transduce” the matrix potentials (also called tensions) of the soil sample through their porous ceramic tip and the water filled shaft to the pressure sensors in the sensor unit. I.e. the tensio shafts provide via their pores a capillary contact between the water in the tensio shaft and the soil water.

  • Page 22: Using The Refill Unit (Accessories)

    Degassing the device using the HYPROP Refill Unit 23 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 23 Put the vacuum pump on the ground (lower temperature) to gain better vacuum values. Note Do not touch the ceramic of the tensio shafts with bare fingers. Grease or soap reduces the hydrophilic characteristics of the ceramic. The water in the tensio shaft evaporates to the ambient air. Therefore cover the tensio shaft tip with a silicone cap.
  • Page 24 Filling the sensor unit Note Do not stick the syringe tip into the holes of the sensor unit. You may damage the pressure sensor. Fill holes of the sensor unit bubble free. For this use the droplet syringe. Set up refilling attachment and fix it. Fill attachment with droplet syringe –...
  • Page 25 If the manometer of the vacuum mount drops rapidly the system is leaking. Please check, fix leakage and restart degassing procedure. If you use another pump than the HYPROP pump, make sure that it is able to provide a vacuum value that is 8 hPa (0.8 kPa) below atmospheric air pressure.
  • Page 26 Bringing the HYPROP Refill Unit back to ambient pressure Turn pump off. Open valve slowly and cautiously. Note Never remove a tube in order to ventilate the system. The sudden pressure shock will damage the pressure sensors in the sensor unit.

  • Page 27: Using Syringes

    Degassing the device using syringes If you have time put the tensio shafts in deionized water over night. Then the degassing takes less time. No water must enter the shaft from above, otherwise air will be locked in the pores. Note Do not touch the ceramic of the tensio shafts with bare fingers.
  • Page 28 Filling the tensio shafts  Fill reservoir syringe with 10 ml deionized water. Turn syringe upside down and remove residual air.  Close reservoir syringe tightly with your finger, pull plunger completely and hold it. The vacuum in the syringe degasses the water.
  • Page 29  Toss and turn reservoir syringe to “catch” air bubbles. 30 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 30  Turn syringe upside down and remove residual air.   Repeat step until air bubbles do no show anymore. Push tube piece onto the tip of the syringe. Push plunger of the syringe until a menis- cus builds up on the tube piece. Push the ceramic of the first tensio shaft into the tube piece.
  • Page 31 Fill vacuum syringe with 5 ml deionized water. Turn syringe upside down and remove residual air. Degas water in the vacuum syringe – analogous to degassing the reservoir syringe. Push tube piece over the tip of the syringe. Push plunger of the syringe until a meniscus builds up on the tube piece.
  • Page 32 Connect the two syringes and the tensio shaft. The two O-rings help seal the tubes against the tensio shaft shaft.  Pull out the plunger of the  vacuum syringe … 33 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 33 … until the plunger stoppers snap in. The vacuum in the syringe removes the air from the tensio shaft. plunger stoppers plunger stoppers  Hold plunger and syringe, press in  the plunger stoppers and let the plunger slowly move forward. 34 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 34  Remove syringe, turn it upside down and remove residual air.   Push vacuum syringe bubble free onto the tensio shaft shaft again. Degas water in the second tensio shaft.   For this repeat step until air bubbles do not show anymore. 35 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 35 Filling the sensor unit Fill holes of the sensor unit bubble free with deionized water. Use droplet syringe. Note Do not stick the syringe tip into the holes of the sensor unit. You may damage the pressure sensor. Set up refilling attachment and fix it. Fill attachment with droplet syringe –...
  • Page 36 Fill vacuum syringe with 15 to 20 ml deio- nized water. Degas water in the syringe as explained on the previous pages.   Push blue tube piece onto the vacuum syringe and fill the tube.  Connect blue tube onto to the fitting of the refilling attachment.
  • Page 37  Let the air bubbles rise up into the tube by cautiously knocking and shifting the sensor unit.  Note In no case push the sensor unit on a hard surface! The impact will cause pressure shocks that damage the pressure sensors.
  • Page 38  To relieve pressure hold plunger and syringe, press in the plunger stoppers and let the plunger  slowly move forward. Note Be extremely cautious! Do not let the plunger of the syringe shoot down as the pressure shock will damage the pressure sensor. ...
  • Page 39 Push vacuum syringe filled with degassed water into the tube on the refilling attachment. Pull plunger until the plunger stoppers snap in. The pressure shown on the screen must reach a vacuum value equal to the atmospheric air pressure minus 20 hPa (2 kPa). If this value can be reached the sensor unit is ready to measure after about 3 hours.

  • Page 40: Offset Recalibration

    Offset recalibration In the course of time the offsets of the electronic HYPROP sensors may slightly drift. When you click the function "Offset Recalibration" the device checks automatically if the offset values are within the narrow range set by UMS. Are they are out of range the device recommends to run an offset recalibration.
  • Page 41 Select the sensor unit to be recalibrated. Check if the device recommends a recalibration. If not, you can stop the recalibration by a click on "Close". If yes go through the next steps according to the wizard. 42 | Preparing the measurement...

  • Page 42: Implementing The Tensio Shafts In The Sensor Unit

    Click "Set Zero Point" and wait until the recalibration has been finished. Close the window by a click on "Close". Note For the offset realibration as well as for the following implementation of the tensio shafts please connect the sensor unit directly to the PC. Do not use the connection balance - sensor unit. Implementing the tensio shafts in the sensor unit Put silicone tube on the ceramic tip of the tensio shaft.
  • Page 43 Connect sensor unit to the USB adapter. sensor unit Click on the icon “Refilling”. Follow the wizard.  Fill deionized water into the silicone tube piece.  Screw in tensio shaft.  Monitor the tension values on the screen.  After about 9 turns the O-ring in the sensor unit starts sealing and the pressure increases rapidly.
  • Page 44 Note Be extremely cautious when you screw in the tensio shafts filled with water. The pressure that can damage the pressure sensor increases abruptly at about 9 turns. This pressure should not exceed 2000 hPa (200 kPa) – and in no case 3000 hPa (300 kPa).

  • Page 45: Attaching The Dirt Protection

    Attaching the dirt protection  Push black O-ring for dirt protection O-ring for dirt on the tensio shaft until it sits in the protection groove of the sensor unit. O-ring in the  Remove silicone tubes from the sensor unit tensio shaft tips.

  • Page 46: Function Check

    Function check Connect sensor unit to the USB adapter. sensor unit HYPROP USB adapter Click on the "Refilling" icon. Checking the zero point  Put a drop of water on the ceramic tip of the tensio shaft. By this zero potential exists.
  • Page 47 Checking the speed of response  Keep a syringe filled with deionized water on hand.  Remove silicone tube from the long tensio shaft and dry the ceramic tip with a paper towel.  Use a sheet of cardboard and fan air to the ceramic.

  • Page 48: Assembling The Sensor Unit And The Soil Sample

    Assembling the sensor unit and the soil sample Drilling the holes  Set tensio shaft adapter onto the saturated soil sample in the tray. The small hole should be above the sample ring number. This makes Sample finding the right position easier when Small ring the sensor unit and the soil sample...
  • Page 49  Set the sensor unit cautiously upside down onto the soil sample. Make sure, no air gaps are generated and  the soil is not compressed.  Turn the whole test assembly upside down.  Remove saturation plate and nonwoven cloth. ...

  • Page 50: Connecting The Sensor Unit And The Balance

    Connecting the sensor unit and the balance Multi balance mode (i.e. one balance per sensor unit) Filling Measuring USB hub max. 20 sensor units sensor unit sensor unit HYPROP USB-Adapter HYPROP balances (or other balances) 51 | Preparing the measurement...
  • Page 51 Single balance mode (i.e. one balance for more sensor units) Weighing Filling and measuring HYPROP balance (or other balance) to power supply max. 20 sensor units sensor unit to power supply HYPROP tensioLINK USB adapter ® T-piece 52 | Preparing the measurement...

  • Page 52: Preparing The Balance

    Preparing the balance Set-up The balance should be set up on a vibration-free work place that is ideally used for HYPROP measurements only.  Set up the balance horizontally.  Adjust the balance by turning the balance feet. The air bubble should be in the center of the level.
  • Page 53 Note The both ends of the sensor unit cable must not touch each other as this would lead to noisy measurements. 54 | Preparing the measurement...

  • Page 54: Adjusting

    We recommend adjusting the balance also every 4 weeks when the balance is in measuring operation. For its adjustment the balance is equipped with an adjusting weight. Remove magneto cable and HYPROP Func sensor unit. Connect balance to the power supply and turn it on.
  • Page 55 CAL. oFF The adjustment is done. Turn balance knob to “WEIGH”. buSY End. The balance is adjusted and ready to weigh. Note The weight shown on UMS sample rings refers to g = 9.80665 m/s². 56 | Preparing the measurement...

  • Page 56: Default Settings

    Default settings Function Display Adjustment 1 b.G. 1 Bar graph 2 SEL 0 Toleranzwiegung 3 A.0 1 Automatic zero point Nullabgleich correction activated. Automatic shut off after 4 A.P. 1 3 min (recharge able battery operation) 5 rE. 3 Readout speed medium speed 6 S.d.

  • Page 57: Measuring

    Measuring Multi balance mode (one balance per sensor unit) Click on the "Show devices" icon. If the balance does not show on the screen check if balance is turned on. Click on the "Measurement wizard" icon. Enter the following data – either via the wizard or directly in the manager: - measuring mode, - measuring unit,...

  • Page 58: Single Balance Mode (One Balance For More Sensor Units)

    Single balance mode (one balance for more sensor units) Click on the "Show devices" icon. If the balance does not show on the screen check if balance is turned on. Click on the "Measurement wizard" icon. Enter the following data – either via the wizard or directly in the manager: - measuring mode, - measuring unit,...
  • Page 59 Weighing the sample mass In the single balance mode we recommend to weigh the sample mass twice a day. Remove plug from sensor unit. The system identifies automatically the sen- sor unit having been put on the balance. Note Only one sensor unit may be disconnected. Please do not pull the magneto cable but use the serrated area of the plug instead.

  • Page 60: Optimal Measuring Curve

    Optimal measuring curve Every measurement runs in 4 phases provided that tensio shafts and sensor unit are filled air free. Phase 1, regular measurement range Tension value curve rises up without flattening until it reaches the boiling point of the water. Phase 2, boiling delay phase In the ideal case –...
  • Page 61 tension air entry point of the tensio shaft [hPa or kPa] Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 regular measurement range boiling cavitation air entry delay 2000 1000 actual atmospheric air pressure time The four phases using one tensio shaft as example measured values interpolated values 62 | Optimal measuring curve...

  • Page 62: Notes On Suboptimal Measuring Curves

    Notes on suboptimal measuring curves Often the optimal measuring curve up to the boiling delay cannot be achie- ved. The curves then look similar to the example below. But even these cur- ves can be used for an evaluation. In the chapter “Addendum” you find exemplary measuring curves of various soils.

  • Page 63: Finishing A Measurement

    The air entry point of the first tensio shaft has been reached and the second tensio shaft is still in the regular measurement range (phase 1) or in boiling delay (phase 2). In this case HYPROP can calculate the medial value of the Tensio top and Tensio bottom curve (see illustration 2).
  • Page 64 air entry point tension [hPa or kPa] time Tensio Top Tensio Bottom Stop Illustration 2 65 | Finishing a measurement...
  • Page 65 Illustration 3 In either case click the “Stop” button to finish the measurement. After this you can have the software HYPROP FIT evaluate the measuring values. For this please see the manual using this link: http://www.ums-muc.de/static/Manual_HYPROP-FIT.pdf 66 | Finishing a measurement...

  • Page 66: Determining The Dry Weight

    Determining the dry weight HYPROP needs the dry weight of the soil sample to be able to calculate the volumetric water content based on the weight reduction. Therefore the sample has to be weighed after the measuring campaign. Put the soil sample in a bowl (ideally in a heat resistant one, so that you can put it in the oven for drying).

  • Page 67: Weighing The Dry Mass

    Dry the soil sample in a drying oven at 105° C for 24 h. Weigh the sample. Enter the net mass of the dry soil sample in the HYPROP FIT software using the register “Evaluation”. 68 | Determining the dry weight...

  • Page 68: Evaluating The Measurement

    Evaluating the measurement You can have the software HYPROP FIT evaluate the measuring data. The pro- cess runs step by step from “Information” and “Measuring” over “Evaluation” to “Fitting” and “Export”. To get an explanation of all the software’s possibilities please use the manual that you find with the following link: http://www.ums-muc.de/static/Manual_HYPROP-FIT.pdf...

  • Page 69: Trouble Shooting

    9. wYou monitor readout The pressure sensors have been destroyed. The sensor unit must values of 4000 hPa be checked. Please send it/them to UMS or your local dealer. (400 kPa). We will repair it fast and at cost-efficiently. 70 | Trouble shooting...

  • Page 70: Cleaning And Maintenance

    Cleaning and maintenance Cleaning the sensor unit The sensor unit meets the protection class IP65 and therefore can be cle- aned under running water. Do not remove the tensio shafts. Close lid of the plug. Clean sensor unit properly upside down under running water.

  • Page 71: Changing The O-Rings In The Sensor Unit

    Changing the O-rings in the sensor unit When during the tension rise the values of a tensio shaft flatten significantly or even drop before reaching the vacuum (at about 800 hPa or 80 kPa) this indicates a leakage. In this case change the red O-rings in the sensor unit.

  • Page 72: Storage

    Do not stick the tweezers tip into the hole of the sensor unit. You may damage the pressure sensor. Storage If you do not use the HYPROP over a longer period of time make sure to avoid any algae growth. Empty carefully sensor unit and tensio shafts.

  • Page 73: Additional Accessories

    Ordering no. 020 204 weighing range 2200 g, readout 0.01 g, reproducibility 0.01 g, linearity 0.01 g HYPROP Refill Unit Complete for one HYPROP consisting ® ® 230 V of laboratory vacuum pump (end vacuum ordering no. 020 257 value 8 hPa (0.8 kPa)) below the atmospheric...
  • Page 74 USB port, 1 sample ring SZ 250 samples Ordering no. 020 1 UMS sample ring Volume 250 ml, outside Ø 84 mm, inside 80 mm, SZ250 for HYPROP height 50 mm, stainless steel, friction reduced ® KASAT or BaPS 250 polished surface for minimal soil compression, ®...

  • Page 75: Theory

    Peters et al., 2015). New research results yielded a further simplified measuring procedure (Schindler and Mueller, 2006) and an extended measuring range (Schindler et al., 2010a and Schindler et al., 2010b). Using the HYPROP one can today measure simultaneously the water retention curve and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function in the range between water saturation and close to the permanent wilting point.

  • Page 76: Measuring Method

    The soil surface is open to the ambient atmosphere so that the soil water can evaporate. HYPROP measures the water tension in two horizons of the soil sample over the evaporation process by means of two vertical tensio shafts (similar to T5 tensiometers) .

  • Page 77: Explanation Of Terms

    Explanation of terms The terms tension, matrix potential, water tension and pF value refer to the same physical value: they describe the energy that attracts water mole- cules – to pores capillary or to soil particles adhesively. Plants e.g. must overcome this binding energy (or attraction force), to suck water from the soil matrix.
  • Page 78 Typical retention curve of sand. Typical retention curve of loam. 79 | Theory...

  • Page 79: Generating Data Points

    The default set in HYPROP-FIT is a calculation at 100 time points that are taken from the splines. θ...
  • Page 80 K(h) gained by non-linear optimization. In HYPROP-FIT the user can select the type of function; all usual models can be found (van Genuchten, 1980; Brooks and Corey, 1964; Kosugi, 1996; Fredlung-Xing, 1994) in uni- and bi-modal form as well as in a more sophisticated modelling as Peters-Durner- Iden (PDI) variant (Peters, 2013;...

  • Page 81: Additional Notes

    This value is specific for a porous hydrophilic structure and depending on the contact angle and the pore size. The air entry point of the UMS tensio shafts is about 8.8 bars so it does not limit the measuring range.

  • Page 82: Addendum

    Addendum Typical measuring curves The following typical curves were kindly provided by Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Durner. Sandy loam (Ls3) Site: Wolfenbüttel; soil type: slightly sandy loam. Ls3 (S 35%, U 48%, T 17%); measurements in win- ter 2011 at "Geoökologische Labormethoden 2011", TUBraunschweig. Evaporation: 2,75 mm/d, temperature: 21°C Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of clay with wide pore size distribution...
  • Page 83 Evaluation The relatively uniform decrease in the water content with increasing pF and • the drop of the relatively flat K data is characteristic of clays having a wide pore size distribution. The addition of the data point on the bubble point of the ceramic tip (po- •...
  • Page 84 Clayey silt (Ut3) Site: Groß-Gleidingen near Braunschweig; soil type: clayey silt (S: 1%, U: 82%, T:17%); measurements: Prak- tikum Bodenphysik at TU Braunschweig, 2010. Evaporation: 14 mm/d using a fan. Temperature: 20°C Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of a very fine grained substrate. •...
  • Page 85 Evaluation The initially flat and then getting steeper drop down in the water water • content with increasing pF is characteristic of very fine grained and clay substrates. The hydraulic conductivity at pF 2 is very high, but the curve then is even •...
  • Page 86 Slightly loamy Sand (Sl2) Site: UMS, soil type: slightly loamy sand (S: 1%, U: 82%, T: 17%), measurements at UMS Soillab, Evapo- ration: 5.7 mm/d, temperature: 23°C Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of sand with low fines •...
  • Page 87 Evaluation The additional data in the dry zone were measured by Lisa Heise within their thesis at TU Braun- schweig /UMS Munich using a device made by Decagon (WP4C). They are documented in Heise's thesis (http://www.soil.tubs.de/mitarbeiter/dipl_detail.php? id=78). The pronounced air entry point and the steep drop down of the retention •...
  • Page 88 Pure fine and middle sand (Ss) Material: packed quartz sand particle size: 0.1 bis 0.3 mm, soil type: sandy sand (S: 100%, U: 0%, T: 0%), site: Bodenphysikalisches Labor, TU Braunschweig, evaporation: 1.4 mm/d, temperature: 22°C Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of sand with narrow particle size distri- •...

  • Page 89: Standard Pf Curves

    Evaluation The very sharply defined bubble point and the extremely steep drop in • the retention curve after reaching the air entry point is characteristic of pure sand with a uniform grain size. The hydraulic conductivity can be determined only within a very narrow •...

  • Page 90: After A Hyprop Measurement

    Sample treatment for WP4 measurements after a HYPROP measurement Prepare four WP4 cups as well as the related lids. Push the soil sample – similar to a plunger – in half inch steps out of the sample ring and cut off the protruding soil piece. Let it drop into an aluminum tray.

  • Page 91: Units For Soil Water And Matrix Potentials

    Add the dry mass of the WP4 samples to the dry mass of the remaining sample and enter this total mass in HYPROP-FIT in the register “Evaluation”. Enter the WP4 value of pF, gross wet mass (wet soil + cup), gross dry mass (dry soil + cup) and tare mass (cup only) in the register “Evaluation”...

  • Page 92: Facts And Figures

    Limited to media that do not affect silicon, fluorosilicone, EPDM, PMMA or polyetherimide Protection Housing with covered plug IP65 splash water proof Sensor units Number of sensor units supported by tensioLINK HYPROP balance Connection to computer Weighing range 2200 g Readout 0.01 g Reproducibility 0.01 g Linearity 0.01 g...

  • Page 93: Literature Cited

    Literature cited Note If you want to cite this manual please use the following information: UMS (2015): Manual HYPROP, Version 2015-01, 96 pp. UMS GmbH, Gmunder Straße 37, Munich, Germany. URL http://ums-muc.de/static/Manual_HYPROP.pdf Brooks, R. H. and Corey, A. T. Peters, A. and Durner, W. (2008): •...
  • Page 94 European Journal of Soil Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 64 (6): 814-821. Science 178 (1): 136–145. Schindler, U. (1980): Ein Schnell- UMS (2015): HYPROP-Fit User • • verfahren zur Messung der Was- Manual. UMS GmbH, Gmun- serleitfähigkeit im teilgesättigten der Str.
  • Page 95 Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980): A Wind, G.P. (1968): Capillary con- • • closed-form equation for predic- ductivity data estimated by a ting the hydraulic conductivity simple method. p.181–191. In of unsaturated soils. Soil Science R.E. Rijtema and H. Wassink (ed.) Society of America Journal 44: Water in the Unsaturated Zone: 892-898.
  • Page 96 Notes 97 | Notes...
  • Page 97 © 2015 UMS GmbH, Munich, Germany, www.ums-muc.de Print #: HYPROP vers2015_01 Subject to modifications and amendments without notice. HYPROP , HYPROP-VIEW und HYPROP-FIT are registered trademarks of UMS GmbH, Munich, Germany. ® ® ® Printed on paper made of chlorine-free bleached pulp. UMS GmbH Gmunder Str.

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