HT PQA400 User Manual
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HT PQA400 User Manual

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 Copyright HT ITALIA 2013
Release EN 2.07 - 19/02/2013

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  • Page 1 PowerMeterStore 1.877.766.5412 www. .com Shop for HT products online at:  Copyright HT ITALIA 2013 Release EN 2.07 - 19/02/2013...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Contents:   PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ............. 4   1.1.  General ..........................4  1.2.  Preliminary instructions ......................4  1.3.  During use ..........................5  1.4.  After use ..........................5  GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..................6     2.1.  Introduction ........................... 6 ...
  • Page 3 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824     5.4.7. Voltage Anomalies ........................54     5.4.8. Inrush current (only PQA82x) ....................56     5.4.9. Flicker ............................57     5.4.10. Unbalance ..........................58     5.4.11. Spike (only PQA824) ........................ 58  ...
  • Page 4 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.8.  Measuring method: outlines ..................139      10.8.1. Integration period ........................139     10.8.2. Power factor calculations ......................139   AFTER-SALE SERVICE ..................140   11.1.  Warranty ........................140  11.2.  Service .......................... 140 ...

  • Page 5: Precautions And Safety Measures

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES 1.1. GENERAL This meter has been designed in compliance to IEC/EN61010-1 directive. For your own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures hereby prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol Before and during measurements please take care of below points: ...

  • Page 6: During Use

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 1.3. DURING USE Please read carefully the below points: CAUTION Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.  Do not touch any unused terminal when the meter is connected to the circuit on test.

  • Page 7: General Description

    2.1. INTRODUCTION The PQA400, PQA823 and PQA824 meters permits a completely new approach to the world of electrical measures on network quality. In fact the computer assisted instruments along with Windows CE technology permit an easy and widely fast analysis of a huge quantity of data, which would be impossible with any other system.

  • Page 8: Prepare To Use

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 3. PREPARE TO USE 3.1. INITIAL CHECK This meter has been checked before shipment from an electrical and mechanical point of view. All possible precautions have been taken in order to deliver it in perfect condition.

  • Page 9: How To Operate

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4. HOW TO OPERATE 4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION CAPTION: 1. Voltage and Current inputs 2. TFT display with “touchscreen” 3. F1 – F4 keys 4. Arrows keys and ENTER key 5. GO/STOP key 6. SAVE key 7.

  • Page 10: Keyboard Description

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4.2. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION The below keys are available:  Key ON/OFF: Press this key to turn on the meter. Press and hold the key for few seconds to turn off the meter.  Keys F1, F2, F3, F4: Multifunction keys. The various functions are intended from the s shown on the bottom of display.

  • Page 11: Display Description

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4.3. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION The display is a graphic TFT colour type, 73x57mm sizes (VGA 320x240 pxls) with “touch- screen” which permits a really easy operations using standard PT400 pointer pen fitted in lateral side of meter.

  • Page 12: General Menu

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5. GENERAL MENU Whenever you turn on the meter, the below “Analyzer Configuration” screen is shown, relative to the last configuration used (see Fig. 6): 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION System 4WIRE Freq [Hz] Clamp Type...

  • Page 13: General Settings

    Key sound on pressure.  Auto Power OFF Enable/Disable.  Memory type settings (not available for PQA400). Pressing ENTER key (or touch the relative icon at display). The below screen is shown by meter: Fig. 9: General Settings screen 5.1.1. Language selection 1.

  • Page 14: Date/Time Settings

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.2. Date/Time settings 1. Press the F1 key (or touch DATE at display) on screen of Fig. 9. The below screen is shown by meter: Fig. 10: Date/Time settings screen 2. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Date format” and “Time format”, marked with blue background.

  • Page 15: Display Brightness Adjust

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.3. Display brightness adjust 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on the field relative to “Brightness”, marked with blue background Fig. 11: Adjust brightness screen 2. Using F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) for adjustment of display brightness percentage.

  • Page 16: Sound Keys Setting

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 3. With Password enabled, should GO/STOP key be pressed during a recording, the meter will not stop the operation but will require the user to insert password as shown in the below screen: Fig. 13: Insert Password screen 4.

  • Page 17: Auto Power Off Setting

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.1.6. Auto power off setting The meter permits to enable or disable the auto power off option in order to prevent a quick discharge of internal battery. This feature, if selected, is active under each of the following conditions: ...

  • Page 18: Memory Type Setting (Only Pqa82X)

    The meter permits saving of recordings both in its internal memory (about 15Mbytes) and by using an external compact flash (not available for PQA400) (see § 5.5.4 for details) fitted (see Fig. 3). For the selection of memory type follow the below steps: 1.

  • Page 19: Real Time Values

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2. REAL TIME VALUES Fig. 18: MENU GENERAL screen - Real time values section In this section the real time measured values of parameters both on input channels and internally calculated are shown by meter. In particular the following are shown: 1.
  • Page 20 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION:  Total Active Power TOTAL POWER VALUES – Page x/y Pact  Total Reactive Power Preact Patt  Total Apparent Power Papp Preatt 0 Var  Total Power Factor Papp 0 VA ...
  • Page 21 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION: Pst1’  Short term severity after 1 minute FLICKER – Page x/y Pst  Short term severity Pstmax  Maximum short term severity Pst1’ Plt  Long term severity Pltmax  Maximum long term severity Pst max Recording Time ...

  • Page 22: 3-Wire Three Phase System - Screens Sequence

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION:  Average value voltage V1, V2, V3 AVERAGE RMS VALUE – Page 9/9 AVGV  Average value current I1, I2, I3 AVGI AVGV 0.0 V AVGPact  Average value active power on L1, L2, L3 AVGI 0.0 A...
  • Page 23 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION:  Phase L1-PE voltage PHASE 1 RMS VALUES – Page x/y V1PE  Current on L1 phase V1PE 0.0 V  Active Power L1 phase Pact1 0.0 A  Reactive Power L1 phase...
  • Page 24 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 PARAMETERS CAPTION: 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 Eact Total active energy consumed when starting TOT. ENERGY CONSUMPTION – Page x/y recording. Eact Ppeak  Maximum peak of consumed active power. Date Ppeak  Date and time in which the peak occurred.

  • Page 25: 3-Wire Aron Three Phase System - Screens Sequence

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.3. 3-wire ARON three phase system – Screens sequence PARAMETERS CAPTION:  Phase L1 – Phase L2 voltage  Phase L2 – Phase L3 voltage  Phase L3 – Phase L1 voltage 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 NEG% ...
  • Page 26 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION: Pst1’  Short term severity after 1 minute FLICKER – Page x/y Pst  Short term severity Pstmax  Maximum short term severity Pst1’ Plt  Long term severity Pltmax  Maximum long term severity Pst max Recording Time ...

  • Page 27: Single Phase System - Screens Sequence

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.4. Single phase system – Screens sequence 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PARAMETERS CAPTION:  Phase-Neutral voltage L1 phase PHASE 1 RMS VALUES – Page x/y  Neutral-Ground voltage VNPE 0.0 V  Frequency Freq VNPE 0.0 V ...
  • Page 28 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 PARAMETERS CAPTION: 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 Eact Total active energy produced when starting TOT. ENERGY PRODUCTION – Page x/y recording. Eact Ppeak  Maximum peak of produced active power. Date Ppeak  Date and time in which the peak occurred.

  • Page 29: Scope Waveforms Screens

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.2.5. SCOPE waveforms screens Starting from a any page of numerical values it’s possible to select waveforms screens of the input signals by pressing F2 key (or touch SCOPE at display). By pressing cyclically F1 key the below screens are shown by meter: ...
  • Page 30 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824  Simultaneous waveforms of currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4- wire system, not available for PQA400), with their TRMS values as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE CURRENTS – Page 2/5 400.0A...
  • Page 31 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824  Waveforms of signals on L2 phase, with their TRMS values, as below shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 SCOPE PHASE2 – Page 4/5 400.0V 228.5V 400.0A 302.5A PAGE ZOOM V Fig. 53: Voltage/Current waveforms screen L2 phase for 4-wire systems 12/09/2006 –...

  • Page 32: Harm Analysis Screens

    I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4-wire system, not available for PQA400) with THD% values both with histogram graphics and with numerical values in percentage or absolute value, (see § 0 as below shown: 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 33 F1 key (or the PAGE at display) the screens of total values and each phase currents I1, I2, I3 and In (for 4-wire and single phase systems, not available for PQA400). The main screens are below shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 34 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 VOLTAGE HARMONICS VOLTAGE HARMONICS h[%] Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Neutral h[V] Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Neutral Thd% Thd% 100.0 100.0 100.0 228.6 225.1 230.7 HARM I...
  • Page 35  Harmonics values of single V1, V2, V3 voltages and neutral voltage Vn and single currents I1, I2, I3 and neutral current In (for three phase 4-wire system, not available for PQA400) with THD% values both with histogram graphics and with numerical values in percentage or absolute value depending on the desired settings. These values are shown in four pages selectable by pressing cyclically the F1 key (or touch the “PAGE”...

  • Page 36: Vectorial Diagrams Screens

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 HARM CURRENT – Pag 2/5 PHASE1 HARM CURRENT – Pag 2/5 h 03 h 03 100% 200.0A 45.3% 90.6A 35.5% 35.5% PAGE HARM V TABLE HARM PAG PAGE...
  • Page 37 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 DIAGRAM – Page 1/6 V1^ I1 60.0° PAGE Fig. 73: Vectorial diagram total for Single phase system  The vectorial diagram of single voltages depending on the type of selected systems as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 38 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824  The vectorial diagram of voltage and current for each phase depending on the type of system as shown in below screens: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE1 DIAGRAM – Page 4/6 60.0° PAGE Fig. 77: Vectorial voltage-current diagram of L1 phase for 4-wire system 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 39 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE2 DIAGRAM – Page 5/6 V23^ 60.0° PAGE Fig. 81: Vectorial diagram voltage-current of L2 phase for 3-wire and ARON systems 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PHASE3 DIAGRAM – Page 6/6 V31^ 60.0° PAGE Fig.

  • Page 40: Analyzer Settings

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3. ANALYZER SETTINGS 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Analyzer settings Fig. 83: Analyzer settings screen Inside this section the meter permits to perform basic and advanced selections relative to the type of electrical installation under test. In particular it is possible to: ...
  • Page 41 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION System 3WIRE Freq [Hz] Clamp Type FLEX 3000 Clamp FS [A] VT Ratio ADVANCED MOD(+) MOD(-) Fig. 85: Analyzer Configuration screen for 3-wire system 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION ARON...

  • Page 42: Setting System Frequency

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.1.1. Setting system frequency 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Freq[Hz]”, marked with blue background. 2. Use F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch MOD(+) o MOD(-)) to select the system frequency choosing between 50Hz or 60Hz options.

  • Page 43: Setting Vt Ratio

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.1.4. Setting VT ratio The meter can be interfaced also with step-down transformers in the equipment under test. It can display the value of he voltages present on the primary winding of these transformers. To do this it will be necessary to set the value of the transformers’ windings ratio.

  • Page 44: Harmonics Type Option

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.2.2. Harmonics type option This option permits to select the type of harmonics which can be shown inside Real Time values section. 1. Move the cursor using arrows keys on field relative to “Harm. type” , marked it with blue background.

  • Page 45: Zoom With Respect To The 1St Harmonic Option

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.3.2.4. Zoom with respect to the 1st harmonic option This option permits to show harmonics graphics with a zoom relative to the first harmonic order (fundamental) or with a zoom relative to the highest amplitude harmonic inside the Real Time values section.

  • Page 46: Recording Settings

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4. RECORDING SETTINGS 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Recording settings Fig. 89: Recording Settings screen selection In this section the meter permits to define any detail relative to start and stop of recordings, perform parameters selection for recording, the type of analysis to be carried out very easily thanks to “touch screen”...

  • Page 47: Comments

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The bottom bar of display included the below functions, relative to F1, F2, F3, F4 keys:  CLP/EXP: Used to collapse or expand the sub-levels.  PREDEF.: Used to open the typical configuration section (see § 5.4.12).

  • Page 48: Start And Stop

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.3. Start and Stop These items permits to define the method to enable and disable the recordings with meter (see § 5.4.13). The possible options are:  Manu: Each recording is enabled/disabled in MANUAL mode by pressing GO/STOP key.

  • Page 49: General Parameters

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6. General Parameters This option permits the selection of network parameters for recording operation. This level included several sub-level for a detailed selection depending on the type of system on test (see § 5.3.1). Depending on the selection performed, different error screen can be shown by meter. The below situations are possible: 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 50 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The opposite situation is the error due to a too many selected parameters. In this case the below screen is shown: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 RECORDING SETTINGS  +  General Parameters +  Harmonics Voltage Anom.: 230V 6%-10%...

  • Page 51: General Parameters: Sub-Levels Description

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6.1. General Parameters: sub-levels description Press F1 key (or touch CLP/EXP at display) to expand or compress the sub-levels. The parameters inside sub-levels are strictly depending on type of selected system (see § 5.3.1). Below there are some pictures of different possible situations: 12/09/2006 –...
  • Page 52 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The below parameters can be selected for recording in Three phase 4-wire systems: Parameters Description Frequency Frequency of phases L1, L2, L3 TRMS voltages L1-N, L2-N, L3-N, N-PE Voltages TRMS voltages L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1 Currents TRMS currents L1, L2, L3, Neutral Active Power &...
  • Page 53 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok”. The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving and back to previous screens.

  • Page 54: Harmonics: Sub-Levels Description

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.6.2. Harmonics: sub-levels description Press F1 key (alternatively touch CLP/EXP at display) to expand or compress the harmonics sub-levels. The parameters inside sub-levels are strictly depending on type of selected system (see § 5.3.1). Below there are some pictures of different possible situations: 12/09/2006 –...

  • Page 55: Voltage Anomalies

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok”. The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation. Press ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit without saving and back to previous screens.
  • Page 56 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press F4 key (alternatively touch MODIFYat display) for setting the below voltage anomalies parameters:  Reference nominal voltage Vref depending on the type of considered system. In particular Vref = VP-N (Single phase and three phase 4-wire systems), Vref = VP-P (three phase 3-wire and ARON systems).

  • Page 57: Inrush Current (Only Pqa82X)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.8. Inrush current (only PQA82x) This option permits to set the control parameters relative to recording of inrush current events (see § 10.3) which is completely independent from periodic analysis (regulated by integration period). The below screen is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 –...

  • Page 58: Flicker

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.9. Flicker This option permits to set control parameters relative to flicker value recordings on the input voltages in compliance to IEC/EN61000-4-15 standard (see § 10.4). In particular the below parameters are shown by meter: ...

  • Page 59: Unbalance

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Press SAVE or ENTER keys (or the smart icon ) to save each selection and confirm by “Ok” . The main screen of Fig. 89 is shown by meter at the end of the operation.

  • Page 60: Predefined Configurations

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 2. Use up or down arrow keys or press F3 or F4 keys (alternatively touch the MOD(+) or MOD(-) s at display) to set the correspondent value. Pressing and holding of these keys permit a rapid values setting, while the single pressure increase or decrease on only unit the value.
  • Page 61 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 to define and save the configuration name by user. At the end of these operations the following screen is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 PREDEFINED CONFIGURATIONS Typical Configuration  EN50160 VOLTAGE ANOMALIES HARMONICS INRUSH POWER &...
  • Page 62 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 EN50160 GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS SYSTEM System Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Not modified Each system Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Analyzer Settings - Advanced Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values...
  • Page 63 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 VOLTAGE ANOMALIES GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS SYSTEM System Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Not modified Each system Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Analyzer Settings - Advanced Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values...
  • Page 64 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 HARMONICS GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS SYSTEM System Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Not modified Each system Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Analyzer Settings - Advanced Harm. Values Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values...
  • Page 65 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 INRUSH GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS SYSTEM System Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Not modified Each system Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Analyzer Settings Harm. Values Advanced Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments...
  • Page 66 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 POWER & ENERGY GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS SYSTEM System Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FS Clamp[A] VT Ratio Not modified Each system Zoom Graphics Harm. Type Analyzer Settings Harm. Values Advanced Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values Comments POWER &...
  • Page 67 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 DEFAULT CONFIGURATION GENERAL MENU PARAMETER SETTINGS System 4-wire Freq[Hz] Analyzer Settings Clamp Type FLEX FS Clamp[A] 3000 VT Ratio Zoom Graphics AUTO Harm. Type Analyzer Settings Harm. Values ABSOLUTES Advanced Zoom 1st Harm. Average Values...

  • Page 68: Start A Recording

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.13. Start a recording The meter is designed to start a recording in MANUAL or AUTOMATIC mode (see § 5.4.3) by pressing of GO/STOP key. A recording operation can be started exclusively under the following screens: ...
  • Page 69 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 CAUTION For recordings ALWAYS use the external power supply even though the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries. After starting a recording a preliminary real time evaluation about the situation on electrical installation it’s important in order to perform a correct settings, using the predefined...

  • Page 70: Automatic Start Of Recording

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Depending on the type and number of errors, the necessary modifications of setting parameters should be performed. Press GO/STOP key again to start recording and verify the possible residual error on window message. Confirm with ENTER or press “Ok” or “Cancel” keys to close the warning window message and start the recording by pressing GO/STOP key anyway.

  • Page 71: During A Recording

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.4.14. During a recording After a recording is running, a real time check of parameters’s values and internal status is shown by meter. 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Recording results Fig. 121: Recording Results screen - Recording running 1.
  • Page 72 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 4. Pressing ESC key (or the smart icon ) to quit from the above screen. Each recording running is stopped and results are automatically saved by meter by pressing of GO/STOP key or as soon as the date/hour of automatic stop is reached.

  • Page 73: Saved Data Management Section

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5. SAVED DATA MANAGEMENT SECTION Fig. 123: GENERAL MENU - Saved Data Management The “Saved Data Management” section allows the user to check the content of the internal memory after recording, to delete previous recordings and possibly to copy a recording (one at a time) on an external USB Pen Driver connected to the instrument.

  • Page 74: Recording Analysis (Reg Type)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1. Recording analysis (Reg type) This page shows the analyses which can be performed on the saved data (Reg type). Fig. 125: Recording analysis (Reg-type data) 1. Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight on blue background one of the analyses on the screen.

  • Page 75: Recording Graph

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.2. Recording graph By selecting the recording graph option, the following page is accessed, which enables the user to display the recording trend (ONLY ONE parameter at a time). Fig. 127: Selecting a parameter 1. Press the F1 key (or the PARAM item on the display) to access the page containing the recorded quantities available for the analysis (Fig.
  • Page 76 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This page shows the graph, the cursor position (cursor T) and the maximum, minimum and average RMS values of the parameter selected by the cursor. Fig. 129: Recording graph The following keys are active on this page: ...

  • Page 77: Dips Ans Swells

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 curves “Max value”, “Average value” and “Min value” will be the analysis of the 10 first corresponding pixels of the recording, i.e.: For the Max value graph, the highest value of the 10 recorded values for the corresponding channel will be displayed.

  • Page 78: Fast Transient

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This page shows the parameters set before recording voltage anomalies: Fig. 132: Voltage Anomalies The following non-modifiable parameters are indicated (as they have been set upon starting the recording). Nominal Voltage: Nominal voltage. High Voltage: Limit high voltage.
  • Page 79 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Column description: Progressive number of the transient. Phase in which the transient occurred. Date/Time: Date/time at which the anomaly occurred. Peak+: Max. positive value reached by the transient during the observation interval. Peak-: Min. negative value reached by the transient during the observation interval.

  • Page 80: Inrush Currents

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.5. Inrush currents This page shows a table containing all inrush currents occurred during recording. Fig. 135: Inrush currents Column description: Progressive number of the inrush current. Phase in which the inrush current occurred. Date/Time: Date/time at which the inrush current occurred.
  • Page 81 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following data are indicated: Type: Type of measurement set: Fix: The instrument has detected and saved an event when the current's RMS value, calculated in each half-period, exceeded the value of the threshold defined by the user.

  • Page 82: En50160

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.6. EN50160 This page shows a table containing all values according to standard CEI EN50160. Fig. 138: EN50160 analysis result Column description: Param: The percentages of the values are indicated, which must be within the limits set in Limits.
  • Page 83 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following data are indicated: Nominal Voltage: Set nominal voltage. High Voltage: Limit high voltage. Low Voltage: Limit low voltage. Frequency: System frequency. This page also shows the total number of voltage anomalies occurred (Number of Anomalies).

  • Page 84: Analysis Of Consumed Energy

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.7. Analysis of consumed energy This page shows the Energy and Peak power values consumed while recording 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY CONSUMPTION – Pag x/y Eact Ppeak 1.31 Date Ppeak 21/01/13 16:45:00 Start rec.

  • Page 85: Analysis Of Producted Energy

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.1.8. Analysis of producted energy This page shows the Energy and Peak power values producted while recording 25/01/2013 – 16:55:10 TOT. ENERGY PRODUCTION – Pag x/y Eact Ppeak 1.31 Date Ppeak 21/01/13 16:45:00 Start rec.

  • Page 86: Recording Analysis (Istant Type)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.2. Recording analysis (Istant type) This page shows the analyses which can be performed on the saved data (Istant type). Fig. 143: Recording analysis (Istant-type data) 1. Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight on blue background one of the analyses on the screen.

  • Page 87: Graph

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.2.2. Graph This screen (Fig. 145) contemporarily shows the saved instant values of the waveforms of voltages V1, V2, V3, Vn scaled according to the Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key.
  • Page 88 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 147) contemporarily shows the waveforms of phase 1 voltage and current, scaled according to the Full scale (Fs), and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key.
  • Page 89 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 149) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of currents I1, I2, I3 scaled according to the Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key.
  • Page 90 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 151) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of voltage V12 and current I1, scaled according to the relevant Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key.
  • Page 91 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 153) contemporarily shows the instant values of the waveforms of voltage V23 and current I2, scaled according to the relevant Full scale (Fs) and the relevant RMS values; these values have been saved by the instrument upon pressing the SAVE key.

  • Page 92: Harmonics Analysis

    This screen (Fig. 156) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltages V1, V2, V3, Vn and of currents I1, I2, I3 and of Neutral current In (not for PQA400) in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 93 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following keys are active on this page:  The up (ZOOM+) or down (ZOOM-) arrow keys zoom in or out the histogram.  The right and left arrow keys move the cursor to the right or to the left along the harmonics.
  • Page 94 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 158) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V1 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 95 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 159) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V1 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 96 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 160) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V12 and current I1 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 97 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 161) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V2 and current I2 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 98 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 162) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V23 and current I2 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 99 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 163) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V3 and current I3 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 100 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 164) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of voltage V31 and current I3 in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 101 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 165) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of neutral voltage Vn and neutral current In in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...
  • Page 102 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 166) displays the harmonic values and the THD% value of neutral voltage Vn in a graph (scaled according to the Full scale Fs) or in a table. The values displayed are percentage values of the fundamental or absolute values according to the configuration set in the ANALYZER CONFIGURATION MENU ->...

  • Page 103: Vectors

     Positive angle: Inductive load.  Negative angle: Capacitive load. The N-PE voltage (blue) and Neutral current (pale blue - not for PQA400) vectors are also represented. Fig. 167: Total vector diagram in three-phase 4-wire system The following keys are active on this page: ...
  • Page 104 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 168) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between:  Voltage V12 and V23, V23 and V31, V31 and V12.  Voltage V12 and current I1.
  • Page 105 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 170) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays, expressed in degrees [°], between voltage V1 and V2, V2 and V3, V3 and V1. Voltage unbalance values are also displayed. Fig. 170: Voltage vector diagram in three-phase 4-wire system The following keys are active on this page: ...
  • Page 106 This screen (Fig. 172) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays, expressed in degrees [°], between current I1 and I2, I2 and I3, I3 and I1 and the vector representing the neutral current (blue – not for PQA400). Fig. 172: Current vector diagram in three-phase 4-wire system, three-phase 3-wire system...
  • Page 107 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 174) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between voltage V12 and current I1. To correctly evaluate this diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°.
  • Page 108 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 This screen (Fig. 176) displays, with graphic and numeric indications, the phase delays expressed in degrees [°] between voltage V23 and current I2. To correctly evaluate this diagram, it must be remembered that, under purely resistive loads, the angle between the Delta voltage and the phase current is +30°.

  • Page 109: Measures

    Hz  Frequency I1  Current on Phase L1 I2  Current on Phase L2 I3  Current on Phase L3 IN  Neutral Current (not available for PQA400) Fig. 179: Page 1/5 of numeric values for three-phase 4-wire system PowerMeterStore 1.877.766.5412 www.
  • Page 110 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 The following keys are active on this page:  The F1 key (or the PAG item on the display) advances to the following page of saved values.  The ESC key (or the smart icon on the display) to exit the function and go back to the “Recording analysis”...
  • Page 111 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V2N  Phase L2 - Neutral Voltage I2  Phase L2 Current Patt2  Phase L2 Active Power Preatt2  Phase L2 Reactive Power Papp2  Phase L2 Apparent Power Pf2 ...
  • Page 112 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V1PE  Phase L1 - PE Voltage V2PE  Phase L2 - PE Voltage V3PE  Phase L3 - PE Voltage V12  Phase L1 - Phase L2 Voltage V23 ...
  • Page 113 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V1PE  Phase L1 - PE Voltage I1  Phase L1 Current Patt1  Phase L1 Active Power Preatt1  Phase L1 Reactive Power Papp1  Phase L1 Apparent Power Pf1 ...
  • Page 114 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V3PE  Phase L3 - PE Voltage I3  Phase L3 current Patt3  Phase L3 active power Preatt3  Phase L3 reactive power Papp3  Phase L3 apparent power Pf3 ...
  • Page 115 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: Patt  System total Active Power Preatt  Total Reactive Power Papp  Total Apparent Power Pf  Total Power Factor CosPhi  System total CosPhi CosPhi represents the theoretical limit value which can be reached by the Power factor if all harmonics are eliminated from the electrical system.
  • Page 116 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 In this page, the following symbols are used: V32  Phase L3 - Phase L2 Voltage I3  Phase L3 Current Patt32  Wattmeter 32 Active Power Preatt32  Varmeter 32 Reactive Power Papp32  Varmeter 32 Apparent Power Pf32 ...

  • Page 117: Transfer Recordings To A External Pen Driver Usb

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.3. Transfer recordings to a external Pen Driver USB The meter permits to transfer of one or more saved recordings which are shown in Fig. 124 to a external Pen Driver USB directly connected to it (see Fig. 3). The below picture is shown by meter: 12/09/2006 –...

  • Page 118: Saving Recordings To External Compact Flash (Only Pqa82X)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.5.4. Saving recordings to external Compact Flash (only PQA82x) The PQA82x meter permits to save the recordings also on external standard compact flash which are fitted on suitable input (see Fig. 3) after activating “EXTERNAL” option on Memory type (see §...

  • Page 119: Meter Information

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 5.6. METER INFORMATION Inside this section the general internal parameters of meter are available as information from the user for example during any contact with Service people of HT ITALIA. 12/09/2006 – 16:55:10 GENERAL MENU Meter information Fig.

  • Page 120: Connection Of Meter To Pc (With Win Xp)

    “Select new instrument” key in software screen in order to acknowledge the name of connected meter, which is shown in the bottom status bar. Select “PQA400”, “PQA823” or “PQA824” model from the available list of meters only for the first connection.

  • Page 121: Measuring Procedures

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7. MEASURING PROCEDURES The instrument’s accuracy is grant only for the following system configuration:  Single Phase systems (Phase, Neutral, Ground).  Three Phase 4 wires systems WYE + Ground.  Three Phase 3 wires systems DELTA + Ground.

  • Page 122: Using Of Meter In A Three Phase 4 Wire System

    3. Connect the transducer current clamps on Phase L1, L2, L3 and Neutral N (not available for PQA400) cables as shown in Fig. 205 respecting the clamp’s arrow direction indicating the current standard sequence from generator to load. On Real Time Values’ section screens always verify the positive value of Active Power and the power factor relative to each load which should be normally inductive before starting a recording.

  • Page 123: Using Of Meter In A Three Phase 3 Wire System

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7.3. USING OF METER IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual.

  • Page 124: Using Of Meter In A Three Phase 3 Wire Aron System

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 7.4. USING OF METER IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE ARON SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage among B1, B2, B3, B4 and BE inputs is 1000V / CAT IV 600V to ground. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual.

  • Page 125: Maintenance

    8. MAINTENANCE 8.1. GENERAL The PQA400 and PQA82x are precision meters. For their use and storage, follow the recommendations and instructions of this manual in order to avoid possible damages or dangers. Never use the instrument in environments with a high humidity or temperature. Do not expose the meter to direct sunlight.

  • Page 126: Technical Specifications

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 9. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 9.1. TECHNICAL FEATURES TRMS AC/DC Voltage Phase-Neutral / Phase-Ground – Single phase / Three phase systems Range Accuracy Resolution Input impedance 0.0  600.0V (0.5%rdg+2dgt) 0.1V 10M Max crest factor = 2 Voltage values <...
  • Page 127 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Inrush Current (only PQA82x) Time resolution Time accuracy Range Accuracy Resolution (50Hz) (50Hz) Depending on Depending on (1.0%rdg+0.4%FS) 10ms 10ms clamp type clamp type Max crest factor = 3 Maximum number of recorded events: 1000 Power –...

  • Page 128: General Features

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 9.2. GENERAL FEATURES Real time values General network parameters: Voltages, Currents, Powers, Cos Flicker, Unbalance, THD%, Harmonics Signals waveforms: Voltages, Currents, harmonics histograms Vectorial diagrams: Voltages, Currents Recordings Parameters: Each general parameters + energies Number of selectable parameter:...

  • Page 129: Appendix - Theoretical Outlines

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 APPENDIX – THEORETICAL OUTLINES 10.1. VOLTAGE ANOMALIES The meter is capable of recording all those TRMS values as voltage anomalies, calculated every 10ms, beyond the percentage thresholds of Voltage Reference (Vref) set during the programming from ±1% to ±30% with steps of 1%. These limits remain unchanged throughout the recording period.

  • Page 130: Limit Values For Harmonic Voltage

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 LEGEND: 1. Fundamental 2. Third Harmonic 3. Distorted Waveform Effect of the sum of 2 multiple frequencies The EN50160 standard recommends to stop the index in the expression (1) corresponding to the 40 harmonic. A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is THD defined as: ...

  • Page 131: Presence Of Harmonics: Causes

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes Any apparatus that alters the sine wave or uses only a part of such a wave causes distortions to the sine wave and therefore harmonics. All current signals result in some way virtually distorted. The most common situation is the harmonic distortion caused by no-linear loads such as electric household appliances, personal computers or speed control units for motors.

  • Page 132: Inrush Currents (Only Pqa82X)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.3. INRUSH CURRENTS (ONLY PQA82X) The PQA82x meters permits the real time detection of inrush current events, typical of start-up of electrical machines and also for other industrial applications (e.g. troubleshooting problem regarding loads switching, correct calculation of protection devices, oscillating currents, etc…) as shown in the following pictures:...

  • Page 133: Flicker

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824  Detectable modes : The below modes are available and selectable: FIX: The meter detect and recording a event each time the TRMS value of current, calculated on each half period (10ms @ 50Hz, 8.3ms @ 60Hz), it’s over the limit threshold defined by user.

  • Page 134: Supply Voltage Unbalance

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.5. SUPPLY VOLTAGE UNBALANCE In normal conditions the supply voltage and the final loads are perfectly balanced. Unbalances are possible in trouble situations (low insulation) and/or phase circuits interruptions. Moreover, in single phase systems, the balance can be only statistic.

  • Page 135: Voltage Fast Transients (Spikes) (Only Pqa824)

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.6. VOLTAGE FAST TRANSIENTS (SPIKES) (ONLY PQA824) The meter considers all the phenomena associated to the phase voltage as voltage spikes which have the following properties:  Fast slope variations of voltage waveforms.  Exceeding a limit threshold fixed by user before starting a recording.
  • Page 136 PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 and that during the detectable time interval defined as:  32 x 5s = 160s.  32 x 78s = 2.5ms.  32 x 65s = 2.1ms. the positive and negative difference (defined DELTA+ and DELTA- respectively) it’s over the “windows”...

  • Page 137: Power And Power Factor: Definitions

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.7. POWER AND POWER FACTOR: DEFINITIONS In a standard electrical installation powered by three sine voltages the following are to be defined:     cos( Phase Active Power: (n=1,2,3) actn   Phase Apparent Power:...

  • Page 138: Conventions On Powers And Power Factors

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Note: It shall be noted that the expression of the phase Reactive Power with no sine waveforms, would be wrong. To understand this, it may be useful to consider that both the presence of harmonics and the presence of reactive power produce, among other effects, an increase of line power losses due to the increased current RMS value.

  • Page 139: Three Phase 3 Wire Aron System

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 Value Description The active power (positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value Pact of the active power in that moment. The reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and Preact therefore acquires the value of the reactive power in that moment.

  • Page 140: Powermeterstore .Com

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 10.8. MEASURING METHOD: OUTLINES The meter is capable of measuring: voltages, currents, active powers, inductive and capacitive reactive powers, apparent powers, inductive and capacitive power factors, energies, analogical or pulse parameters. All these parameters are analysed in a digital way for each phase (voltage and current) and calculated based on formulas of the previous sections.

  • Page 141: After-Sale Service

    PQA400 - PQA823 - PQA824 AFTER-SALE SERVICE 11.1. WARRANTY This instrument is guaranteed against any defects in material and manufacturing, in compliance with the general sale terms and conditions. During the warranty period all defective parts may be replaced, but the manufacturer reserves the right to repair or replace the product.
  • Page 142 PowerMeterStore 1.877.766.5412 www. .com Shop for HT products online at:...
  • Page 143 PowerMeterStore 1.877.766.5412 www. .com Shop for HT products online at:...
  • Page 144 Via della Boaria 40 48018 – Faenza (RA)- Italy Tel:+39-0546-621002 (4 linee r.a.) PowerMeterStore Fax:+39-0546-621144 1.877.766.5412 www. .com Shop for HT products online at: Email: ht@htitalia.it http://www.ht-instruments.com...

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