HT ISO410 User Manual
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HT ISO410 User Manual

400 series
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ISO410 - SPEED418 - COMBI419 - COMBI420
 Copyright HT ITALIA 2012
Release EN 1.07 - 05/06/2012

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Summary of Contents for HT ISO410

  • Page 1 ISO410 - SPEED418 - COMBI419 - COMBI420  Copyright HT ITALIA 2012 Release EN 1.07 - 05/06/2012...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    400 Series Table of contents: SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES ............4     1.1.  Preliminary instructions ..................... 4  1.2.  During use ......................... 4  1.3.  After use ..........................5  1.4.  Overvoltage categories - definitions .................. 5  GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................... 6    ...
  • Page 3 400 Series 7.1.2. AIR, RH, TMP °F, TMP °C, Lux mode ................... 54     7.1.3. Description of anomalous results ................... 54     7.2.  LEAK: real time measurement of the leakage current through an external clamp ..55  7.2.1. Description of anomalous results ...................
  • Page 4 400 Series 14.6.2. Installation parts to be checked ..................... 78     14.6.3. Allowable values ........................78     14.7.  Fault loop impedance measurement ................78  14.7.1. Purpose of the test ......................... 78     14.7.2. Installation parts to be checked ..................... 78  ...

  • Page 5: Safety Precautions And Procedures

    (building yards, swimming pools...) and above 50V in ordinary environments, as there is a risk of electric shock.  Only use original HT accessories. In this manual, following symbols are used: CAUTION: Follow the instructions given in this manual; improper use may damage the instrument, its components or create dangerous situations for the operator.

  • Page 6: After Use

    400 Series  Avoid measuring resistance with external voltages; although the instrument is protected, an excessive voltage may cause damage.  While measuring current, place the clamp toroid as far as possible from the conductors not involved in measurement, as the magnetic field they produce could interfere with the measuring operations.

  • Page 7: General Description

    The instrument you purchased, if used in compliance with the instructions given in this manual, will guarantee accurate and reliable measures. This manual covers following products: ISO410, SPEED418, COMBI419, COMBI420. The differences in model characteristics are described in the following table:...

  • Page 8: Preparation For Use

    400 Series 3. PREPARATION FOR USE 3.1. INITIAL CHECKS Before shipment, the instrument’s electronics and mechanics have been carefully checked. All possible precautions have been taken in order for the instrument to be delivered in optimum conditions. However, we recommend rapidly checking the instrument in order to detect possible damage occurred during transport.

  • Page 9: Operation Description

    400 Series 4. OPERATION DESCRIPTION 4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION CAPTION: 1. Inputs 2. Display 3. Connector for optoisolated cable 4. ,, ,  / ENTER key 5. GO/STOP key 6. SAVE key 7. ON/OFF key 8. HELP key 9. ESC/MENU key Fig.

  • Page 10: Keyboard Description

    400 Series 4.3. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION The keyboard includes following keys: ON/OFF key to switch on/off the instrument ESC key to exit the selected menu without confirming MENU key to activate menu management     keys to move the cursor through the different screens in order to select the desired programming parameters ENTER key to confirm the modifications and the selected programming parameters and to select the function from the menu...

  • Page 11: Main Menu

    400 Series 5. MAIN MENU Pressing the MENU/ESC key in any allowable condition of the instrument displays the following screen, in which the instrument may be set, the saved measures can be displayed and the desired measuring function may be set. MENU A U T O : R a , R C D , M ...

  • Page 12: Auto Power Off

    400 Series 5.2.2. Auto power off Move the cursor to Auto power off by means of the arrow O F F keys (,) and confirm with ENTER. Subsequently, the displays shows setting screen which allows enabling/disabling the auto power off of the instrument after a O N 5 m i n period of 5 minutes inactivity.

  • Page 13: Electrical System Test

    400 Series 6. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TEST Press (short pressure) the key to activate the display’s backlighting should it be difficult to read the display. Press (long pressure) the HELP key to display an indicative scheme of the connections between the instrument and the system being tested in the function set Should more help screens be available for the same function, use the ...
  • Page 14 400 Series Press the MENU key, move the cursor to A U T O AUTO in the main menu by means of the R a = - - - -  arrow keys (,) and confirm with ENTER. Subsequently the instrument displays a screen T r c d = - - - - m s similar to the one reported here to the side.

  • Page 15: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series CAUTION If message “Measuring…” appears on the display, the instrument is performing measurement. During this whole stage, do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the mains. Once the test is completed, if A U T O Value of earth resistance measured values...
  • Page 16 400 Series The results displayed can be saved by pressing the SAVE key twice or the SAVE key and, subsequently, the ENTER key (§ 9.1) If the instrument detects that A U T O the phase and neutral leads R a = - - - -  are inverted, the message reported here to the side is T r c d = - - - - m s...

  • Page 17: Lowohm: Continuity Test Of Earth Leads With 200Ma

    400 Series 6.2. LOWOHM: CONTINUITY TEST OF EARTH LEADS WITH 200mA This function is performed in compliance with standard IEC/EN61557-4 and allows measuring the resistance of protective and equipotential conductors. The following operating modes are available:  CAL compensation of the resistance of the cables used for measurement. The instrument automatically subtracts the value of cable resistance from the measured resistance value.
  • Page 18 400 Series Use the ,  keys to select the parameter to be modified, and the ,  keys to modify the parameter value. It is not necessary to confirm the selection with ENTER. The virtual Func key allows setting the measuring mode of Func the instrument, which may be: CAL, AUTO, R+, R- The virtual Lim key allows setting the maximum continuity...

  • Page 19: Cal Mode

    400 Series By using the AUTO mode, L O W  once test is completed, in 0 . 2 5  Average value between R+ case average value and R- between R+ and R- is lower Values of the test currents for than limit, R+ and R-...

  • Page 20: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series Once calibration is comple- L O W  - - - -  ted, in case the detected value is lower than 5, the instrument gives a double acoustic signal which signals - - - -  - - - -  the positive result of the test - - - m A - - - m A...
  • Page 21 400 Series If the instrument detects a L O W  - - - -  voltage value higher than 10V at the input leads, the screen reported here to the side is displayed - - - -  - - - -  - - - m A - - - m A Vin >...

  • Page 22: M: Measurement Of The Insulation Resistance

    400 Series 6.3. M: MEASUREMENT OF THE INSULATION RESISTANCE This function is performed according to standard IEC/EN61557-2 and allows measuring the insulation resistance between the active conductors and between each active conductor and the earth. The following operating modes are available: ...
  • Page 23 400 Series Use the ,  keys to select the parameter to be modified, and the ,  keys to modify the parameter value. It is not necessary to confirm the selection with ENTER. The virtual Func key allows setting the measuring mode of the Func instrument, which may be: MAN, TMR The virtual VNom key allows setting the test voltage, which may...

  • Page 24: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series In case the TMR mode has been selected, pressing the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on remote probe stops the test before the set time has elapsed. 10. Should the measured value M  5 7 8 M ...
  • Page 25 400 Series The results displayed can be saved by pressing the SAVE key twice or the SAVE key and, subsequently, the ENTER key (§ 9.1) If the instrument detects a M  - - - M  voltage of about 10V on the upper input leads, it displays the message reported here side...

  • Page 26: Rcd: Test On A-Type And Ac-Type Rcds

    400 Series 6.4. RCD: TEST ON A-TYPE AND AC-TYPE RCDS This function is performed in compliance with standard IEC/EN61557-6 and allows measuring the tripping time and the current of the system’s RCDs. The following operating modes are available:  AUTO the instrument performs measurement automatically with a leakage current equal to half, once or five times the set value of nominal current and with a leakage current in phase with the positive and negative half-wave of the mains voltage.
  • Page 27 400 Series Fig. 12: Instrument connection for 400V + N + PE three-phase RCD test by means of single cables and remote probe Fig. 13: Instrument connection for 400V + N (no PE) three-phase RCD test by means of single cables and remote probe Fig.

  • Page 28: Auto Mode

    400 Series The virtual RCD key enables the selection of the RCD type, which may be: AC, AC S, A, A S (the options A, A S are not available if the electrical system set is IT) The virtual UL key allows setting the limit value of contact voltage for the system being tested, which may be: 25V, 50V Should you have any doubt regarding the correct value, we suggest setting the limit value for contact voltage to 25V, as it is the lowest limit (for safety reasons).

  • Page 29: Mode

    400 Series Once test is completed, in R C D 0 ° 1 8 0 ° case all six tests have had a x 1 / 2 > 9 9 9 m s > 9 9 9 m s positive result, 2 8 m s 3 1 m s...

  • Page 30: X1, X2, X5 Mode

    400 Series 6.4.3. x1, x2, x5 mode As an alternative: Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on the remote probe once. The instrument will start measuring with a “0°” type current, injecting a current in phase with the positive half-wave of voltage.

  • Page 31: Ra Mode

    400 Series CAUTION If message “Measuring…” appears on the display, the instrument is performing measurement. During this whole stage, do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the mains. According to standard EN61008, the test for selective RCDs requires an interval of 60 seconds between the tests.

  • Page 32: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series After the test is completed, if R C D measured resistance value matches the nominal Value of total earth resistance 39 current and the set limit contact voltage, RA<Ul/IdN Detected value for contact voltage Ut FRQ=50.0Hz Ut=1.4V compared to the nominal value of (1666Ω...
  • Page 33 400 Series If the selective RCD trips in a R C D 0 ° time lower than the minimum limit reported in Tab. 5, the 97ms instrument gives long acoustic signal which signals FRQ=50.0Hz Ut=1.4V the negative result of the test V P - N = 2 2 1 V V P - P e = 2 2 1 V and then displays a screen...
  • Page 34 400 Series If the instrument detects that R C D 0 ° the phase and earth leads are inverted, the message ---ms reported here to the side is displayed. Check FRQ=50.0Hz Ut=1.4V connection of the cables V P - N = 1 V V P - P e = 2 3 1 V The phase and earth conductors are REVERSE P-PE...
  • Page 35 400 Series 14. If the instrument detects that, in R C D 0 ° case test should performed, a contact voltage ---ms higher than the set limit would build up in the system being FRQ=50.0Hz Ut=0.0V tested, it does not perform the V P - N = 2 3 1 V V P - P e = 2 3 1 V test and displays the message...

  • Page 36: Loop: Measurement Of Line/Loop Impedance

    400 Series 6.5. LOOP: MEASUREMENT OF LINE/LOOP IMPEDANCE This function is performed according to standard IEC/EN61557-3 and allows measuring the line impedance, the earth fault loop impedance and the prospective short circuit current. The following operating modes are available:  P-N the instrument measures impedance between the phase conductor and the neutral conductor and calculates the prospective phase-to-neutral short circuit current...
  • Page 37 400 Series Fig. 18: Instrument connection for 400V + N + PE three-phase P-P line impedance measurement by means of single cables and remote probe Fig. 19: Instrument connection for 400V + PE (no N) three-phase P-PE fault loop impedance measurement through single cables and remote probe Press the MENU key, move the cursor to L O O P 0 °...

  • Page 38: P-N Mode

    400 Series The virtual RMT key, active only when the Z2Ω mode has been selected with the MOD key, displays the serial number and the FW version of the remote unit IMP57 If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream of the measured point, as the impedance of these users could distort the test results.

  • Page 39: P-P Mode

    400 Series  Formula used for calculating the prospective short circuit current: where: is the measured phase-to-neutral impedance is the nominal phase-to-neutral voltage = 127V if V ≤ 150V P-N meas = 230V or U = 240V (§ 5.2.3) if V >...

  • Page 40: P-Pe Mode In Tt Or Tn Systems

    400 Series 6.5.3. P-PE mode in TT or TN systems As an alternative: Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on remote probe once. The instrument will start measuring with a “0°” type current, injecting a current in phase with the positive half-wave of voltage Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument twice or the START key on the remote probe before the hyphens disappear.

  • Page 41: P-Pe Mode In It Systems

    400 Series 6.5.4. P-PE mode in IT systems Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on remote probe. The instrument will start the measurement. CAUTION If message “Measuring…” appears on the display, the instrument is performing measurement. During this whole stage, do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the mains.
  • Page 42 400 Series If the instrument detects that L O O P the phase and earth leads are inverted, the message ---- reported here to the side is - - - A displayed. Check FRQ=50.0Hz connection of the cables V P - N = 1 V V P - P e = 2 3 1 V The phase and earth conductors are REVERSE P-PE...
  • Page 43 400 Series By using the P-PE mode, if L O O P 0 ° the instrument detects that, in case the test should be ---- performed, a contact voltage - - - A higher than the set limit FRQ=50.0Hz would build up in the system V P - N = 2 3 1 V V P - P e = 2 3 1 V being tested, it does not...

  • Page 44: R A 15Ma: Measurement Of The Total Earth Resistance Through The Socket-Outlet

    400 Series 6.6. R 15MA: MEASUREMENT OF THE TOTAL EARTH RESISTANCE THROUGH THE SOCKET-OUTLET This function is performed in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-6 and allows measuring the impedance of the fault loop, comparable to the overall earth resistance in TT systems. One single operating mode is available. CAUTION The measurement of the overall earth resistance involves the circulation of a current between phase and earth according to the technical specifications of...
  • Page 45 400 Series Press the MENU key, move the cursor to Ra in the main menu by means of the arrow keys (,) and confirm with ENTER. Subsequently ----- the instrument displays a screen similar to the - - - - A one reported here to the side.

  • Page 46: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series  Formula used for calculating the prospective fault current: where: is the measured fault impedance is the nominal phase-to-earth voltage = 127V if V ≤ 150V P-PE meas = 230V or U = 240V (§ 5.2.3) if V >...
  • Page 47 400 Series If the instrument detects that the phase and earth leads are inverted, the message ---- reported here to the side is - - - A displayed. Check FRQ=50.0Hz connection of the cables V P - N = 1 V V P - P e = 2 3 1 V The phase and earth conductors are REVERSE P-PE...
  • Page 48 400 Series If the instrument detects an extremely high earth resistance, so that it deems ---- the earth conductor or the - - - A earthing absent, it does not FRQ=50.0Hz perform the test and displays V P - N = 2 3 1 V V P - P e = 1 6 0 V the message reported here Inefficient earthing...

  • Page 49: 123: Phase Sequence Test

    400 Series 6.7. 123: PHASE SEQUENCE TEST This function is performed in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-7 and allows testing the phase sequence by direct contact with parts under voltage (no cables with insulating sheath). The following operating modes are available: ...
  • Page 50 400 Series CAUTION If message “Measuring…” appears on the display, the instrument is performing measurement. During this whole stage, do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the mains. The instrument switches to 1 2 3 stand-by mode and displays the screen reported here to the side until the test lead detects a voltage higher than...
  • Page 51 400 Series Fig. 27: Instrument connection for measuring the phase sequence with two leads, phase 2 connection When the instrument detects 1 2 3 a voltage higher than the minimum limit value on the test lead, the instrument displays the screen reported here to the side and starts measuring second...

  • Page 52: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series 6.7.1. Description of anomalous results Once acquisition 1 2 3 completed, if the instrument has detected an uncorrect Correct phase sequence phase sequence, it displays a screen similar to the one reported here to the side and gives a long acoustic signal NOT OK Func The results displayed can be saved by pressing the SAVE key twice or the...

  • Page 53: Auxiliary Measurements

    400 Series 7. AUXILIARY MEASUREMENTS 7.1. AUX: REAL TIME MEASUREMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS By means of external transducers, this function allows measuring the following environmental parameters:  AIR air speed by means of air-speed transducer  RH air humidity by means of humidity transducer ...

  • Page 54: Db Mode

    400 Series 7.1.1. dB mode Connect the sound level probe to the instrument’s optical input by means of the optical cable Press the GO/STOP key. The instrument starts A U X measuring the acoustic pressure. The following S P L - - - - values are displayed: ...

  • Page 55: Air, Rh, Tmp °F, Tmp °C, Lux Mode

    400 Series 7.1.2. AIR, RH, TMP °F, TMP °C, Lux mode Insert the connector of the probe being used into the instrument input In1 making sure that the probe connected and the set measurement unit correspond Press the GO/STOP key. The instrument stops A U X updating the measured value and STOP appears on the right bottom part of the display.

  • Page 56: Leak: Real Time Measurement Of The Leakage Current Through An External Clamp

    400 Series 7.2. LEAK: REAL TIME MEASUREMENT OF THE LEAKAGE CURRENT THROUGH AN EXTERNAL CLAMP Using an external clamp, this function allows measuring the leakage current. Fig. 30: Indirect measurement of leakage current in three-phase systems Fig. 31: Direct measurement of leakage current in three-phase systems Press the MENU key, move the cursor to L E A K LEAK in the main menu by means of the arrow...

  • Page 57: Description Of Anomalous Results

    400 Series CAUTION Possible additional earth connections could influence the measured value. For the difficulty of this measurement and the sometimes real difficulty in removing the clamps, we recommend performing the measurement indirectly. Press the GO/STOP key. The instrument stops L E A K updating the measured value and STOP appears on the right bottom part of the display.

  • Page 58: Mains Analysis

    400 Series 8. MAINS ANALYSIS 8.1. PWR: REAL TIME MEASUREMENT OF THE MAINS PARAMETERS This function allows measuring the voltage of the electrical mains and of the relevant harmonics. Using an external clamp, it is also possible to measure the current and the relevant harmonics as well as other electrical parameters such as power, power factor, etc.

  • Page 59: Par Mode

    400 Series The virtual FS key, active only when the HRM V or the HRM I mode has been selected with the Func key, allows increasing or decreasing the ordinal harmonic number whose value is displayed Insert the clamp connector into the instrument input In1 Staple the phase to be tested.

  • Page 60: Memory

    400 Series 9. MEMORY 9.1. HOW TO SAVE A MEASURE When the SAVE key is first S A V E pressed, as described in the First available memory location (last M e m o r y : 0 1 5 saved + 1) §s regarding the different P o s i t i o n : 0 1 0...

  • Page 61: Saved Data Management

    400 Series 9.2. SAVED DATA MANAGEMENT Press the MENU key, move the cursor to MEM M E M in the main menu by means of the arrow keys M E M T I P O L O W  0 0 1 1 1 0 0 9 6 (,) and confirm with ENTER.

  • Page 62: How To Delete The Last Measure Or All Of Them

    400 Series 9.2.2. How to delete the last measure or all of them By means of the CANC virtual key select LST C L R or TOT whether you want to delete the last measure or all the measures in the memory. D E L E T E A L L ? Subsequently, press the ENTER key.

  • Page 63: Connecting The Instrument To A Pc

    400 Series 10. CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC The instrument can be connected to a PC via a serial port or USB and an optoisolated cable. Before connecting, it is necessary to select the port to be used and the right baud rate (9600 bps) on the PC.

  • Page 64: Maintenance

    400 Series 11. MAINTENANCE 11.1. GENERAL The instrument you purchased is a precision instrument. When using and storing it, please observe the recommendations listed in this manual in order to prevent any possible damage or danger. Do not use the instrument in environments with high humidity levels or high temperatures.

  • Page 65: Specifications

    400 Series 12. SPECIFICATIONS 12.1. TECHNICAL FERATURES Continuity test (LOW) Range [] Resolution [] Uncertainty 0.00  9.99 0.01 (2.0rdg + 2dgt) 10.0  99.9 Test current >200mA DC up to 5 (include the resistance of the calibration) also with half-charged battery uncertainty (5.0%rdg + 5dgt) Generated current resolution 1mA,...
  • Page 66 400 Series Tripping current ( ) IdN [mA] Type Range IdN [mA] Resolution [mA] Uncertainty (0.5  1.1) IdN ≤ 10 (0.3  1.1) IdN 0.1IdN -0%, +10%rdg (0.5  1.1) IdN > 10 (0.3  1.1) IdN RCD type AC ( ), A ( ), general and selective...
  • Page 67 400 Series Environmental parameters (AUX) Transduced Parameter Range Resolution Uncertainty signal -20.0  80.0°C -20  +80mV 0.1°C Temperature -4.0  176.0°F -4  +176mV 0.1°F 0.0  100.0% RH 0  +100mV Humidity 0.1% RH (0.0  999.9mV) (0.2  999.9mV) (2.0rdg + 2dgt) DC voltage 0.1mV...
  • Page 68 400 Series Measurement of the active, reactive and apparent power @ Vmis>60V, cos=1, f=50.0Hz Clamp full scale Range [W, VAR, VA] Resolution [W, VAR, VA] Uncertainty 0.0  999.9 FS ≤ 1 1.000  9.999 k 0.001 k 0.000  9.999 k 0.001 k 1 <...

  • Page 69: Safety Specification

    400 Series 12.2. SAFETY SPECIFICATION 12.2.1. General Instrument safety: IEC/EN61010-1, IEC / EN61557-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7 Technical documentations: IEC/EN61187 Accessory safety: IEC/EN61010-031, IEC/EN61010-2-032 Insulation: double insulation Pollution level: Max height of use: 2000m (6562ft) Overvoltage category: CAT III 240V to earth, max 415V among inputs P, N, PE 5V to ground, max 7.2V between pins of In1 Input peak to peak...

  • Page 70: Service

    400 Series 13. SERVICE 13.1. WARRANTY CONDITIONS This instrument is guaranteed against any defect in material and manufacturing in compliance with the general sales terms and conditions. Throughout the period of guarantee all defective parts may be replaced and the manufacturer reserves the right to repair or replace the product.

  • Page 71: Practical Reports For Electrical Tests

    400 Series 14. PRACTICAL REPORTS FOR ELECTRICAL TESTS 14.1. CONTINUITY MEASUREMENT ON PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS 14.1.1. Purpose of the test Check the continuity of:  Protective conductors (PE), main equalizing potential conductors (EQP), secondary equalizing potential conductors (EQS) in TT and TN-S systems ...

  • Page 72: Insulation Resistance Measurement

    400 Series 14.2. INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT 14.2.1. Purpose of the test Check that the insulation resistance of the installation complies with the requirements of IEE 16 edition standard. EXAMPLE OF INSULATION MEASUREMENT ON AN INSTALLATION Fig. 34: Insulation measurements on an installation The switches D and E are those installed near the load having the purpose of separating it from the installation.
  • Page 73 400 Series Switch situation Point under test Measurement Judgment on the installation Effect the  OK ( If R end of the test A, D Turn the switch LIMIT measurement on and E off If R  2 Proceed switch LIMIT ...
  • Page 74 400 Series ALLOWABLE VALUES Rated circuit voltage Test voltage Insulation resistance (M) 0.250 SELV and PELV* 1.000 Up to 500 V included, except for the above circuits. 1.000 Over 500 V 1000 * In the new standards the terms SELV and PELV replace the old definitions "safety low voltage"...

  • Page 75: Check Of The Circuit Separation

    400 Series 14.3. CHECK OF THE CIRCUIT SEPARATION 14.3.1. Definitions A SELV system is a system of category zero or very low safety voltage featured by: autonomous source (ex. batteries, small generator) or safety (ex. safety transformer) power supply, protection separation to other electrical systems (double or reinforced insulation or a metal screen connected to the earth) and no earthed points (insulated from the earth).
  • Page 76 400 Series EXAMPLE OF CHECKING THE SEPARATION AMONG ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Insulation or safety transformer separating the circuits TEST BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTS Connect an instrument probe to one of the two conductors of the separated circuit and the other to one of the conductors of a non- separated circuit TEST BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTS AND EARTH...

  • Page 77: Working Test Of Rcds

    400 Series 14.4. WORKING TEST OF RCDS 14.4.1. Purpose of the test Check whether general and selective RCDs have been installed and adjusted properly and whether they maintain their features over the time. The check shall confirm that the RCD trips at a current IdN lower than its rated working current IdN and that the tripping time meets, depending on the case, the following conditions: ...

  • Page 78: Test Of Rcd Tripping Current

    400 Series Before effecting the test at the RCD rated current the instrument carries out a test at ½IdN to measure the contact voltage and the overall earth resistance; if during this test the RCD trips an error message is displayed. During this test the RCD may trip for three possible reasons: ...

  • Page 79: Measurement Of Short-Circuit Impedance

    400 Series 14.6. MEASUREMENT OF SHORT-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE 14.6.1. Purpose of the test Check that the tripping power of the protection device is higher than the maximum fault current of the installation. 14.6.2. Installation parts to be checked The test shall be effected in the point where the short circuit current is the highest possible, usually immediately downstream the RCD to be checked.

  • Page 80: Earth Resistance Measurementin Tt Systems

    400 Series 14.8. EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTIN TT SYSTEMS 14.8.1. Purpose of the test Check that the RCD is coordinated with the earth resistance value. It is not possible to assume an earth resistance value as reference limit when controlling the test result, while it is necessary to check every time that the co-ordination complies with the requirements of the standards.

  • Page 81: Voltage And Current Harmonics

    400 Series 14.9. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS 14.9.1. Theory Any periodical non-sine wave can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal waves having each a frequency that corresponds to an entire multiple of the fundamental, according to the relation:  ...

  • Page 82: Presence Of Harmonics: Causes

    400 Series Odd harmonics Even harmonics Not multiple of 3 Multiple of 3 Relative voltage % Order h Relative voltage Order h Relative voltage Order h % Max % Max 6..24 Tab. 6: Limits for the harmonic voltages the supplier may introduce into the network These limits, theoretically applicable only for the supplier of electric energy, provide however a series of reference values within which the harmonics introduced into the network by the users must be contained.

  • Page 83: Power And Power Factor Definition

    400 Series 14.9.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences In general, even harmonics, i.e. the 2 etc., do not cause problems. Triple harmonics, odd multiples of three, are added on the neutral (instead of cancelling each other) thus creating a condition of overheating of the wire which is extremely dangerous. Designers should take into consideration the three issues given below when designing a power distribution system that will contain harmonic current: ...

  • Page 84: Note

    400 Series In presence of distorted voltages and currents the previous relations vary as follows:   Phase active power:   (n=1,2,3)  Phase reactive power:   (n=1,2,3) Phase apparent power:   (n=1,2,3) Phase power factor:  (n=1,2,3) = cosf Distorted power factor...
  • Page 85 400 Series Equipment under test = inductive generator Equipment under test = capacitive load 90° Pfc+ = -1 Pfc- = -1 Pfc- = -1 Pfc+ = Pf Pfi+ = -1 Pfi- = -1 Pfi- = Pf Pfi+ = -1 180° 0°...
  • Page 88 Via della Boaria 40 48018 – Faenza (RA) - Italy Tel: +39-0546-621002 (4 linee r.a.) Fax: +39-0546-621144 email: ht@htitalia.it http://www.ht-instruments.com...

This manual is also suitable for:

Combi419Combi420Speed418

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