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Appendices
CD-R/RW disks on the KRONOS: UDF and packet-writing
In conjunction with an external USB CD-R/RW drive, the
KRONOS lets you use CD-R/RW disks like you would a
floppy disk or a removable hard disk. You can save
individual files to a disk, over-write them, add new folders,
and so on, without needing to "burn" an entire disk at once.
It does so by using UDF (Universal Disk Format) version 1.5
and packet writing, as described below, as its native CD-
R/RW data format. Note that there are some considerations
when reading these disks on computers or other equipment,
as described under "Reading KRONOS CDs on other
devices," below.
You can also create audio CDs, which use the standard audio
CD format (CD-DA). For more information, see "1–1: Make
Audio CD" on page 835, and "Creating audio CDs" on
page 215 of the Operation Guide.
About packet writing
Packet writing is a method of dividing data into small units,
called "packets."This makes it possible to write individual
files to CD-R/RW disks, as opposed to writing an entire disk
at once.
Compatible media
Before writing data to a CD-R/RW disk, you must format
the disk using the KRONOS.
CD-R media
• 650 MB and 700 MB CD-R media (up to 48 write
speed)
CD-RW media
• 650 MB and 700 MB CD-RW media (up to 4 /10 write
speeds)
Formatting
Before using CD-R/RW disks, you need to format them. To
do so, insert the blank or previously-formatted media into
the drive, go to the Disk Utility page, and select the Format
menu command.
Cautions when formatting
CD-R media
Quick Format takes less than a minute.
Full Format applies only to CD-RW media, and so it can't
be selected for CD-R disks.
Re-formatting: Data that has been written to CD-R cannot
be erased as it can on a floppy disk. This means that re-
formatting previously-formatted media will not increase the
free space; instead, approximately 20 MB of space will be
used to add a new session.
CD-RW media
Quick Format: Use this option to erase the contents of a
previously formatted CD-RW. This cannot be used with
blank CD-RW media. It takes about two minutes to
complete.
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Full Format: Use this option to format blank media, or
media which has been formatted as a non-UDF disk.
You can also use Full Format if writing errors occur
frequently when writing to the disk.
Full Format takes about fifteen minutes for 10x CD-RW
media, and about thirty minutes for 4x CD-RW media.
(Depending on the condition of the disk, it may take
substantially longer.)
Formatting takes up some of the space on the disk, so that
650 MB/700 MB media will have approximately 530
MB/570 MB of available space, respectively.
Re-formatting: Like floppy disks and hard drives, CD-RW
disks can be formatted to erase any previous contents, and
re-formatting frees up space on the disk.
Deleting and updating files
CD-R media
With CD-R media, deleting a file merely hides it from view;
the file still exists on the disk, and no space is freed by the
deletion.
Similarly, when you save a new version of a file, the
previous version is hidden but not actually removed from the
disk. Each version of the file will take up additional space on
the disk.
CD-RW media
CD-RW disks work the same way as hard drives. Deleting
files frees up space on the disk, and saving a new version of
a file (with the same name as the previous one) will
overwrite the original file.
Writing to CD media may take time
Writing to a CD-R/RW will generally be slower than writing
to a hard disk. The time it takes to write will depend on the
speed of the CD-R/RW drive, and on the writing speed
supported by the media.
Reading KRONOS CDs on other devices
CD-R media
You can read native KRONOS CDs, in UDF packet-writing
format, on computers with packet-writing software installed.
For maximum compatibility, you can convert CD-Rs (not
CD-RWs) into ISO9660. This makes it possible for the data
to be read by other Korg devices that support the ISO9660
format, or by computers which do not have packet writing
software. For more information, see "Convert to ISO9660
Format" on page 866.
Note: This conversion adds ISO9660 session data, which
consumes approximately 20 MB of space.
CD-RW media
CD-RW disks cannot be converted into ISO9660 format, and
so they can only be read by devices or computers which
support UDF and packet-writing.
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