Page 1 Automatic Weather Station MAWS101 & MAWS201 UIDE M210243en-A January 2002...
Page 2 PUBLISHED BY Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1 P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227 FIN-00421 Helsinki Finland Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/ © Vaisala 2002 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
QML102 AWS Logger .............23 Memory Expansion Board (Optional) ........24 Power Supplies ...............25 Internal Battery ..............26 Solar Panels ................26 SOLAR6 with MAWS201..........26 SOLAR6-75 with MAWS101 ..........27 Mains Power Supplies ............27 A Wall Adapter..............27 QMP213 .................27 QMP201C...............28 QBR101 Battery Regulator ........29 BWT15SX Mains Power Supply........29 Sensors..................30...
Page 4 Soil Moisture ............... 51 Water Level................. 51 Fuel Moisture ..............52 Installing MAWS Basic Components ........53 Installing MAWS101 to a Mast ..........57 On DKP102................. 57 On DKP12................59 On Any Wooden Pole or Wall ..........61 Installing MAWS201 to the Tripod........62 Assembling the Tripod ............
Page 5 _________________________________________________________________________________ Connecting Cables ..............71 Installing Pressure Sensor...........72 Installing Wind Sensor............73 Aligning Wind Vane ............73 Using winddircal0 Command ........73 Using Compass and Reference Point .......74 Installing Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor .................75 Installing Rain Gauges ............75 QMR101 .................75 QMR102 .................76 Installing on the Stand RG35003 ......76 Installing on a RGB1 Base Plate.......77 Installing on a Pedestal ..........78...
Page 6 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Defining MAWS Terminal Settings ........108 Preferences Window............ 108 Address Book Window..........110 Opening MAWS Service Connection........ 110 Giving Commands ............112 Closing MAWS Service Connection ......... 113 Modifying Station Settings..........113 Managing User Levels ............115 MAWS Configuration File............
Page 7 _________________________________________________________________________________ Cable Maintenance............148 Spare Parts................149 Available Spare Parts ............149 Ordering Spare Parts............149 CHAPTER 6 TROUBLESHOOTING................151 Data Validation..............151 The LASTVAL Command ..........152 Software Operation...............153 System Information............155 Connection Problems ............156 Commands ................157 Battery Status ...............158 Determining MAWS Operation Mode........158 Power Supply ................159 Solar Panel ................159 Getting Help ................159 Return Instructions...............160...
Page 8 Communication Devices ........... 186 Block Diagrams ..............187 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY ....................189 List of Figures Figure 1 Components of MAWS101 Weather Station ......18 Figure 2 Components of MAWS201 Weather Station ......19 Figure 3 QML102 Logger ..............23 Figure 4 QML102 Logger without the Cover ........
Page 9 Figure 43 Sensor Arm Assembly ............57 Figure 44 DKP12 Attachment to a Foundation ........58 Figure 45 Maws101 Fixed to the Pole with Clamps .......59 Figure 46 Wind Sensor QMW110 with DKP12 Mast ......60 Figure 47 Installing the Protective cover Screw........60 Figure 48 Installation Arm ...............61...
Page 10 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Figure 94 Probe Extraction ..............98 Figure 95 QMM110 Carry Case Set............99 Figure 96 QMM120 Carry Case Set............99 Figure 97 Aligning MAWS201 on the Northern Hemisphere ....102 Figure 98 Connecting the Terminal Cable ........... 104 Figure 99 COM0 Pins for the Terminal Connector.......
Page 11 Cable wire connections ............169 Table 40 QML102 Logger Specifications ..........175 Table 41 SOLAR6 Solar Panel Specifications (MAWS201)....176 Table 42 SOLAR6-75 Solar Panel Specifications (MAWS101)...176 Table 43 SOLAR12 Solar Panel Specifications (QMP201C) ....176 Table 44 7 Ah Backup Battery Specifications (inside QMP201C)..177 Table 45 QBR101 Battery Regulator Specifications (inside QMP201C) ..............177...
Page 12 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 48 QMH101 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Specifications ............... 179 Table 49 PMT16A Pressure Sensor Specifications......179 Table 50 QMR101 Rain Gauge Specifications ........180 Table 51 QMR102 Rain Gauge Specifications ........180 Table 52 QMS101 Global Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications..
Page 13: General Information
GENERAL INFORMATION About This Manual This manual provides information for installing, operating and maintaining MAWS101 and MAWS201 Automatic Weather Stations equipped with meteorological sensors. This manual consists of the following chapters: - Chapter 1, General Information, provides important safety, revision history, contact, and warranty information for the product.
Page 14: Safety
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Safety General Safety Considerations Throughout the manual, important safety considerations are highlighted as follows: WARNING Warning alerts you to a serious hazard. If you do not read and follow instructions very carefully at this point, there is a risk of injury or even death.
Page 15 Chapter 1 _________________________________________________________ General Information WARNING Do not service alone. Under no circumstances should any person reach into parts and assemblies that are mains powered and alive, for the purpose of servicing, except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid.
Page 16: Esd Protection
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION Do not make changes to the wiring. Incorrect wiring can damage the device and prevent it from operating correctly. CAUTION Be careful when moving the mast. To prevent damage to the sensors, remove them (and the sensor arms) before moving the station. NOTE When disposing of old batteries, be sure to do so in accordance with all regulations applicable in your area.
Page 17: Version Information
Chapter 1 _________________________________________________________ General Information Version Information Table 1 Manual Revisions Manual Code Description U328en-1.1 Applicable to software version 0.80.07 U328en-1.2 Applicable to software versions from 0.807 to 0.903 U328en-1.3 Applicable to software versions from 0.904 to 1.0 U328en-1.4 Case specific manual U328en-1.5 Applicable to software versions prior to 3.00.
Page 18: Warranty
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Warranty Vaisala hereby represents and warrants all Products a) normal wear and tear or accident; manufactured by Vaisala and sold hereunder to be free from defects in workmanship or material during b) misuse or other unsuitable or unauthorized use of a period of twelve (12) months from the date of the Product or negligence or error in storing, delivery save for products for which a special...
Page 19: Chapter 2 Product Overview
MAWS. MAWS101 Mini AWS MAWS101 can be installed on a pole mast. The logger enclosure is then attached to a short support arm, which is secured around the mast with fixing clamps.
Page 20: Maws201 Mobile Aws
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-003 Figure 1 Components of MAWS101 Weather Station The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above. QMW101 Wind Sensor with a fixing adapter and the 1-meter cable QMR101 Precipitation Sensor QMH101 Temperature and Humidity Probe with radiation...
Page 21: Figure 2 Components Of Maws201 Weather Station
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview 9809-001 Figure 2 Components of MAWS201 Weather Station The following numbers refer to Figure 2 above. QMW101 Wind Sensor with a fixing adapter and 1-meter cable QMS101 Solar Radiation Sensor QMA101 Sensor Arm QMH101 Temperature and Humidity Probe with radiation shield QMR101 Precipitation Sensor with cable Tube, that includes the QML102 logger, QMB101...
Page 22: Product Nomenclature
The appearance of the solar panel in your MAWS may differ from the one in the figures. Product Nomenclature The following five tables provide the equipment nomenclature information on the MAWS101 and MAWS201. Table 3 MAWS Nomenclature (Basic Set) Code...
Page 23: Maws Software
Mains Power Supply SOLAR6 6 W solar panel for MAWS201 SOLAR6-75 6 W solar panel with 6 m cable for MAWS101 MAWS Software Operating Software The embedded operating software runs in the QML102 AWS logger. Access to the operating software commands can be gained using the MAWS Terminal.
Page 24: Lizard Setup Software
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Lizard Setup Software Lizard Setup Software is used to modify the software parameters and operation of the MAWS weather station. With the Lizard software you can create or modify a setup file that informs MAWS how to operate. Creating a setup with Lizard Setup Software consists of three stages.
Page 25: Qml102 Aws Logger
Figure 3 QML102 Logger In MAWS101 and MAWS201 the QML102 logger is located in the tube and is further encased to protect the circuit board and the battery. The cover of this protective housing can be removed for installation of the battery and for resetting the MAWS.
Page 26: Memory Expansion Board (Optional)
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-004 Figure 4 QML102 Logger without the Cover The following numbers refer to Figure 4 above. Internal battery Reset button Status LED Memory Expansion Board (Optional) The QML102 logger can be equipped with QMC102 Memory Expansion Board. This module uses the standard Compact Flash memory cards for logging a large amount of data.
Page 27: Power Supplies
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview 0105-003 Figure 5 QMC102 Memory Expansion Board The data is logged into the daily files making it easy to locate and download any particular data set for further analysis. Currently there are cards available from 32 MB up to 280 MB. These cards can be read directly in the PC.
Page 28: Internal Battery
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The power consumption of the complete MAWS system depends on the connected sensors, communication devices, and other options included in the delivery. For example, MAWS with basic set of 5 sensors, each having 10-minute measuring interval has an average power consumption of 10 mA.
Page 29: Solar6-75 With Maws101
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview SOLAR6-75 with MAWS101 MAWS101 can be powered by SOLAR6-75, a 6 W solar panel. SOLAR6-75 is especially designed for installation on a pole mast of 60-100 mm diameter. In addition to SOLAR6, the solar power package includes mast mounting accessories and a 6-meter cable with the connector.
Page 30: Qmp201C
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-006 Figure 8 QMP213 Mains Power Supply QMP201C QMP201C is a power supply for installations where more power and back-up capacity are needed. Additionally, QMPC201C can provide 12 V supply voltage required for example for optional radio modem set.
Page 31: Qbr101 Battery Regulator
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview QBR101 Battery Regulator QBR101 Battery Regulator is a charging and supervising equipment for 12/24 Volts lead acid and nickel-cadmium batteries. QBR101 allows simultaneous input from both a solar panel and AC power. 0105-007 Figure 10 QBR101 Battery Regulator The maximum charging current can be set by the internal jumper settings between 0.5 to 2.5 A being applicable for battery capacity of 4 to 72 Ah.
Page 32: Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Sensors Wind Sensor 0201-008 Figure 11 QMW101 Wind Sensor QMW101 and QMW110 are compact sized wind sensors with the wind speed and direction sensors integrated into one unit. A single compact sensor is ideal for low-power applications. The rotating cup anemometer at the top of the unit provides isotropic and linear response to wind speed.
Page 33: Air Temperature And Relative Humidity Sensor
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor 0105-015 Figure 12 QMH101 Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor The QMH101 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor is based on Vaisala's field-proven HMP45D probe and comes with a special cable and connector. For humidity measurements, the HUMICAP sensor is highly accurate and offers excellent long-term stability in a wide range of environments.
Page 34: Pressure Sensor
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Pressure Sensor 9901-020 Figure 13 PMT16A Pressure Sensor The silicon capacitive pressure sensor PMT16A has excellent accuracy, repeatability and long-term stability over a wide range of operating temperatures. Therefore, it maintains its accuracy and calibration for long periods of time, thus reducing the need for field calibrations.
Page 35: Qmr102
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview even frostproof. QMR101 has a self-emptying tipping spoon of 0.2 millimeters capacity. Due its small size, lightweight and rugged design, it is especially suitable for portable applications and temporary installations. QMR101 is installed on the sensor cross arm, and has ready-made cable with the connector.
Page 36: Solar Radiation Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Solar Radiation Sensors QMS101 0105-020 Figure 16 QMS101 Pyranometer The QMS101 pyranometer is used for measuring global solar radiation. QMS101 uses a photodiode detector for creating a voltage output proportional to the incoming radiation. Due to the unique design of the diffuser, its sensitivity is proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence of the radiation, thus allowing accurate and consistent measurements.
Page 37: Qmn101
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview to the sensor. The sensor is a high-quality blackened thermopile with a flat spectral response. Heating of the sensor by incoming solar radiation produces a signal in the microvolt range. QMN101 0105-024 Figure 18 QMN101 Net Radiation Sensor QMN101 Net Radiation Sensor is designed for routine measurements of net radiation.
Page 38: Qmt107
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ QMT103 Temperature Probe is particularly intended for precision measurement of ground and soil temperatures. All the materials have been carefully selected to withstand various environmental stress and wide temperature range. The measurement accuracy and stability of the temperature probe are based on a Pt-100 type sensor element specified to 1/4 DIN 43760B preciseness level.
Page 39: Soil Moisture Sensor
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview Soil Moisture Sensor 0105-026 Figure 21 ML2x Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x Soil Moisture Sensor features a new technique with the accuracy of 2 % soil moisture. Traditional low cost sensors made of gypsum block dissolve even in a short period of time when exposed to high moisture.
Page 40: Qmv102
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ QMV101 Water Level Sensor determines water level by measuring the water pressure above the submerged sensor in reservoirs, lakes, and rivers. The pressure measurement is based on high performance micro-machined silicon technology, packaged in a fully welded 316 stainless steel assembly.
Page 41: Leaf Wetness Sensor
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview Leaf Wetness Sensor 0105-027 Figure 24 QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor enables MAWS to detect the presence of surface moisture on foliage and calculate the duration of wetness. When moisture is present, the sensor detects an electrical resistance change between the gold-plated elements of the grid.
Page 42: Communication Devices
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-010 Figure 25 QFM101 Fuel Moisture Sensor Communication Devices Optionally, MAWS can be equipped with different types of communication equipment. Communication Modules MAWS has one RS-232 port as standard. Two optional plug-in modules can be used for enhancing the number of the serial I/O channels up to five.
Page 43: Dsi485A
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview The power consumption is less than 10 mA when communicating, less than 1 mA at standby. DSI485A DSI485A is an isolated communication module for providing the 2- or 4-wired RS-485-communication link between MAWS and another piece of equipment with a similar interface. The DSI485A module is used e.g.
Page 44: Modem Dmx501
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Modem DMX501 The DMX501 communication module is used for providing long distance fixed line connection between MAWS and another Vaisala equipment with a similar interface, max. distance up to 10 km.. Through this I/O port, MAWS can send reports and data or the host can poll them.
Page 45: Accessories
Figure 28 Installation Mast with Accessories DKP102 DKP102 is a 2-m high pole mast designed for MAWS101 system. When using DKP102 mast, the wind sensor must be QMW101. Together with wind sensor installation pole, the total height of the wind sensor will be approximately 3 meters.
Page 46: Dkp12
In MAWS201 totally three sensor arms can be installed to the tube. In MAWS101 totally five sensor arms can be installed. Carry Case Sets The carry cases for the Vaisala MAWS201 are made of cellular polypropylene (EPP).
Page 47: Qmm120
Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________Product Overview 0201-013 Figure 30 QMM110 Carry Case Set QMM120 The QMM120 Extended Set consists of two hard cases, one for the sensors and accessories, and another one for the tripod, solar panel, wind mast, as well as hammer and ground pegs. The smaller case weighs only 3.6 kg and the larger 9.2 kg.
Page 48 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ This page intentionally left blank. 46 ___________________________________________________________________ M210243en-A...
Page 49: Chapter 3 Installation
Installing MAWS Basic How to assemble basic components? Components, on page 53 Installing MAWS101 to a Mast, How to install MAWS101 to a pole on page 57 mast? Installing MAWS201 to the How to install MAWS201 to the tripod?
Page 50: Unpacking Instructions
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Tools needed: - Compass (not supplied), or other methods to establish the right orientation of the station - Screwdrivers: 3 mm (in the Tools Bag) - Hex wrenches: 4 mm (in the Tools Bag) - Hammer for hitting the ground pegs into ground (in the Tools Bag of the MAWS201 delivery) - Pegs for securing the tripod (in the Tools Bag of the MAWS201 delivery).
Page 51: Wind
For MAWS201, a suitable height for the sensor is already determined by the tripod. For MAWS101 in mast installations, the height should be set to 1.5 to 2 meters. In the northern hemisphere, the sensor should usually be on the northern side of the mast.
Page 52: Precipitation
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ rooftops, steep slopes, heat sources, swamps, high vegetation and places that might hold water after rains. Precipitation Rain gauge QMR101 is installed on the same sensor arm with the temperature and humidity probe. Rain gauge QMR102 is installed on the ground, on a base plate, or on a separate stand near the logger.
Page 53: Soil Moisture
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation The QMT107 probes are pressed into pre-formed holes, but they can also be placed into excavated holes that are then filled. On hard or rocky ground, a pilot hole is pre-formed with an auger rod. Soil Moisture The soil water content measured by the ML2x sensor within one small locality can be affected by: - Variations in soil density and composition...
Page 54: Fuel Moisture
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-016 Figure 33 QMV101/QMV102 Sensor in Water The following numbers refer to Figure 33 above: Cable to MAWS Water level Sensor level Local reference Common level The sensor should always be protected against the flow and impurities in the river using, for example, the stilling well or protective plastic piping.
Page 55: Installing Maws Basic Components
NOTE The figures in the procedure are taken from installing the MAWS201. In case you are installing MAWS101, you do not have any of the tripod's parts attached as shown in some of the figures. Loosen and remove two hand screws (1) beneath the tube. Slide the tube (2) down to expose the logger.
Page 56: Figure 36 Pressure Sensor Tube Connection
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ When you have the PMT16A pressure sensor (1) installed on the logger, attach the tube that comes from the blue inlet (3) into the outlet (2) of the logger housing. The tube should cover at least 5 mm of the outlet.
Page 57: Figure 37 Battery Connectors
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-020 Figure 37 Battery Connectors Rotate the tube to find the correct aligning pin (1) position. Slide the tube up. Tighten it with two hand screws (2). To keep the tube watertight, the tube should cover the two O-rings (1 & 2) on the bottom of the upper base.
Page 58: Figure 40 Wind Sensor Attachment
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Attach the wind sensor adapter to the top of the upper tube. Tighten with the small hex screw (1). For vane alignment instructions, see section Aligning Wind Vane on page 73. Guide the wind sensor cable through the upper tube and connect it to the sensor.
Page 59: Installing Maws101 To A Mast
Figure 43 Sensor Arm Assembly Installing MAWS101 to a Mast MAWS101 can be installed in several ways: - Using the 2 meter high mast DKP102. - Using the 10 meter high mast DKP12. - Using any wooden pole or wall.
Page 60: Figure 44 Dkp12 Attachment To A Foundation
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Protect the tops of the bolts with two nuts tightened together. Place the combinations into the holes, anchors down, and hammer them down. Tighten the bolts a few times to ensure that the anchors attach to the walls of the holes.
Page 61: On Dkp12
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation The MAWS101 delivery includes an installation arm and four clamps for fixing the arm to a pole mast. There are two sets of clamps included: one for 60 mm diameter pole and one for 100 mm diameter pole.
Page 62: Figure 46 Wind Sensor Qmw110 With Dkp12 Mast
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 9908-003 Figure 46 Wind Sensor QMW110 with DKP12 Mast The 10-m cable is used for connecting the wind sensor to the connector "Wind" on the upper base of the MAWS. A protective cover screw, included in the shipment, holds the protective cover in place above the upper base (see Figure 47 below).
Page 63: On Any Wooden Pole Or Wall
The installation arm includes two holes for fixing the arm to any wooden pole or wall. For details, see Figure 48 below and Figure 49 below. 9906-022 Figure 48 Installation Arm 9906-026 Figure 49 MAWS101 Fixed to a Wooden Pole with Screws VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 61...
Page 64: Installing Maws201 To The Tripod
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Installing MAWS201 to the Tripod MAWS201 always has a tripod for supporting the logger tube. One or more sensor arms are connected to the tube. The legs of the tripod are adjustable. The pegs should be used to prevent the collapse of the station.
Page 65: Assembling The Tripod
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Assembling the Tripod Normally the tripod is installed at the factory, and you can begin erecting the station as instructed in the step 2 below. Attach the leg fasteners (1) to the upper base. Lock the leg (2) to the leg fastener with a bolt (3).
Page 66: Installing Power Supply
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Installing Power Supply Installing Solar Panel Usually the solar panel is installed at the factory, and you should only adjust the tilt angle and check that the connector is attached. Locate the leg where the solar panel is to be installed. Note the alignment of sensor arms vs.
Page 67: Figure 54 Solar Panel Fixture
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-028 Figure 54 Solar Panel Fixture To set the correct tilting angle, slightly loosen the fixing bolts (1) and the adjustment bolts (2). Tilt the panel to the suitable angle, see Table 9 on page 68. Finally, tighten the bolts. Note the cable (3) when adjusting the angle.
Page 68: Figure 56 Metallic Connector For Solar Panel
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 9806-015 Figure 56 Metallic Connector for Solar Panel 0201-030 Figure 57 Plastic Connector for Solar Panel Insert the wires numbered 1 and 2 into the terminal 1 and the wires numbered 3 and 4 into the terminal 3. Tighten the screws that hold the wires.
Page 69: Figure 59 Solar Panel Connector Assembly
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Tighten part 3 to connect it with part 4. Insert the sealing part (2) into part 1. Tighten part 1 to part 3. 9806-016 Figure 59 Solar Panel Connector Assembly Attach the plug to the Solar connector (1) by tightening the lowest nut (2).
Page 70: Figure 61 Map Of Latitudes
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 9 Recommended Tilt Angle for Solar Panel Latitude of site Tilt angle ( ) 0 ...10° 20° 10 ... 50° Add 10° to local latitude > 50° 60° 0011-042 Figure 61 Map of Latitudes WARNING Photovoltaic modules generate direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight or other sources of light.
Page 71: Installing A Qmp Power Supply
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation CAUTION Handle with care: impact on the front or rear surface can damage the module. Do not bend the module. NOTE Do not concentrate light on the module in an attempt to increase its power output. Installing a QMP Power Supply MAWS can be powered from a QMP power supply.
Page 72: Qmp201C Solar/Mains Power Supply
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ To install the unit, follow the procedure below: Attach the unit through the holes in the upper end (1) with the provided accessories (2) to the mast. The cable inlets should face down. Lead the mains power cable through the opening (4) and connect the wires under the screws into locations marked with L and N.
Page 73: Installing Sensors
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation To install the unit, follow the procedure below: See section Installing Solar Panel on page 64 for mechanical installation instructions. Attach the cable (5 in Figure 63 on page 70) to the power connector of MAWS, see section Connecting Cables below. Adjust the angle of the solar panel as described in section Installing Solar Panel on page 64.
Page 74: Installing Pressure Sensor
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Connect cables to the connectors on the upper base and tighten the screw nuts. For connector description, see Table 11 below. Table 11 Default Upper Base Connectors Connector Sensor/Device (A) T+RH QMH101 (B) Wind QMW101 (C) Solar Power supply (solar panel or mains power) QMR101 or QMR102 QMS101 or QMS102...
Page 75: Installing Wind Sensor
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-033 Figure 64 PMT16A Location on the Logger Installing Wind Sensor Before installing the sensor itself, you have to mount the wind sensor mast to the upper base of the tube. After you have installed the mast, you can mount the wind sensor on top of it.
Page 76: Using Compass And Reference Point
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-034 Figure 65 Aligning the Wind Vane Using Compass and Reference Point With the MAWS running, monitor the instant wind speed in the reports sent through serial line. The wind sensor cable must be connected both to the sensor and to the Wind connector.
Page 77: Installing Air Temperature And Relative Humidity Sensor
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Installing Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Figure 66 QMH101 Probe and the Radiation Shield Install the QMH101 Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor in the following way: Install the radiation shield with the support on the mounting arm using the two screws.
Page 78: Qmr102
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 9806-062 Figure 67 Mounting Plates Attachment Attach the rain gauge (1) to the arm with the screws (2) provided with the rain gauge. 9901-010 Figure 68 Rain Gauge Attachment QMR102 Due to the low weight of the rain gauge, it must be mounted securely. QMR102 can be installed either using a specific stand RG35003 or on the ground when it is attached to a properly anchored RGB1 base plate with provided studs.
Page 79: Installing On A Rgb1 Base Plate
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-035 Figure 69 Rain Gauge Installed On a Stand Mount the gauge (1) to the upper plate of the stand using the provided hardware. For an example, see Figure 70 below. 0002-010 Figure 70 Rain Gauge Attachment Connect the grounding cable (2).
Page 80: Installing On A Pedestal
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The base plate may be mounted to hard surfaces like concrete by replacing the pegs with screws and rawl plugs. For temporary mounting on hard surfaces use heavy weights on the four corners of the base plate. The height of the weights should be kept as low as possible to cause the minimum interference with the aerodynamics of the rain gauge.
Page 81: Finalizing The Installation
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 9901-011 Figure 72 Assembling QMR102 on the Ground with Pedestal Plate Connect the signal cable (4) to MAWS. For the cabling, see Table 11 on page 72. Continue from section Finalizing the Installation below Finalizing the Installation Finalize the installation as described in the following steps: To be able to release the rain gauge's tipping bucket mechanism, and adjust the level, first remove the funnel from its base by...
Page 82: Figure 74 Qmr102 Adjustment And The Foam Location
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-037 Figure 74 QMR102 Adjustment and the Foam Location It is important to ensure that the rim of the rain gauge is leveled precisely. Failure to do this will result in a systematic error. Use a spirit level (1) and adjust with the fixing screws (3). See Figure 74 above.
Page 83: Installing Solar Radiation Sensors
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Installing Solar Radiation Sensors Preferred orientation for the solar radiation sensors is such that no NOTE shadow is cast on the solar radiation sensors during any time of the day. In the northern hemisphere, this implies that the solar radiation sensors should be south of the mast.
Page 84: Installing Soil Temperature Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Slide the mounting piece (1) to the sensor arm (2). Tighten with the screws. For the numbers, see Figure 77 below. Attach the radiometer (3) to the extension arm (4). Attach the sensor's extension arm (4) to the mounting piece (1). Tighten with the screws.
Page 85: Figure 78 Drilling Procedure
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Choose a desired location for the probe. Assure that probe holes are located within cable length of the logging unit. Drill a hole into the ground with the auger held as straight as possible. After you have drilled about 20 cm, extract the auger from the hole.
Page 86: Figure 80 Soil Temperature Probe Inserted Correctly, Arrow Pointing To Ground Level Line
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have reached the desired depth. The maximum drilling depth is approximately 115 cm. Insert the probe into the hole according to the following procedure: Remove the auger from the hole. Insert the probe into the hole and press it down as deep as possible by hand.
Page 87: Installing Soil Moisture Sensor
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation DO NOT drive or press probes directly into soil of unknown CAUTION composition. DO NOT bend or flex probes during insertion or extraction. DO NOT attach unapproved electrical devices or test equipment to the probe. DO make a pilot hole prior to each probe insertion, unless the soil consists of homogenous, loose sand.
Page 88: Installing Water Level Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0105-088 Figure 82 Buried ML2x Sensors Pull the sensor cable close to the equipment enclosure. Cut the cable to a proper length. Thread the cable through the connector parts in the indicated order 1-2-3-4. See Figure 56 on page 66. Strip the sensor cable wires and connect them to connector terminals according to Table 12 below.
Page 89: Installing Leaf Wetness Sensor
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Installing Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor is delivered with an installation hardware kit and a 5-meter long sensor cable. You may test the sensor before you install it. The instructions below provide a description of the suggested quick test procedure. Connect the signal cable to the connector at the lower base of the tube.
Page 90: To The Sensor Arm
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0105-071 Figure 84 Mounting QLW101 to a Pole To the Sensor Arm For installation to the sensor arm, use the provided hexagon bolts and lock washers. Tighten the hex nuts with a 6 mm Allen key. See Figure 85 below.
Page 91: Installing Fuel Moisture Sensor
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Table 13 Cable Pins of QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor Pin Number Wire Color Signal Supply, + White Signal HI Black (two wires) Supply, - Loosen and remove two hand screws beneath the tube. Slide the tube down to expose the logger (see Figure 34 on page 53). Remove a connector from the input channel.
Page 92: Figure 87 Installing The Sensor With The Clamp
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The mounting bracket (1 in Figure 87 below) is not included in the sensor delivery. A rubber-lined ring clamp (3) and the screw (4) are included with the sensor in the package. To install the sensor, follow the procedure below: Slide the ring clamp (3) onto the sensor body (2) and connect the cable to the sensor.
Page 93: Installing Communication Devices
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-040 Figure 88 Adapter Installed to Connector Modify the wiring according to the Table 14 below. Table 14 Modified Wiring with QFM101 Wire Standard Connection Modified Connection Pin at the Color Pin at the Logger Logger Not connected.
Page 94: Installing Satelline 3As Radio Modem
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 15 Default Configuration for Communication Modules Module Connector Block Port DSU232 MOD1 COM1 DSI485A / DSI486 MOD2 COM2 DMX501 MOD2 COM2 CAUTION When inserting, be careful not to bend the connector pins. MOD1 MOD2 0105-055 Figure 89 Module Placement For the principal wiring diagrams of the modules, see section Wiring Diagrams on page 163.
Page 95: Figure 90 Radio Modem And The Fixture
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation addition, you have to change the wiring to be able to use the COM1 port and the provided cable for powering the radio modem from the External DC (+ExtDC) of the logger. Remove the logger's cover and install the DSU232 communication module to the MOD1 location.
Page 96: Installing Accessories
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-043 Figure 91 Wire Modifications with Radio Modem Connect the ready-made radio modem's cable to the port COM1 in the lower base of the tube. It is recommended to label these modifications so that no other NOTE equipment is connected to COM1 by mistake.
Page 97: Figure 92 Communication Modules Removed
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0105-077 Figure 92 Communication Modules Removed Align the pins on the memory board with the slots on the logger and push the board back into its place. Secure the board with a lock bar (number 2 in Figure 93 below) using the screw 1 and a long screw at the rear side of the logger.
Page 98: Installing Software
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Installing Software Installing Embedded Software The embedded software on the logger is normally installed at the factory. For the instructions on installing a new, updated version, see the Software Loading Technical Notice listed in Table 2 on page 15. Installing MAWS Terminal For the instructions on installing the MAWS Terminal software to a PC, see the MAWS Lizard User's Guide listed in Table 2 on page 15.
Page 99: Disassembly Of Maws201 For Transportation
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Disassembly of MAWS201 for Transportation Disconnect the power as follows: For short storage periods, set the MAWS into low power consumption mode by giving the command SLEEP. For long periods (over one month), disconnect the battery. First, open the hand screws that hold the tube in its place.
Page 100: Figure 94 Probe Extraction
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ NOTE Small, gentle strokes are essential for extracting the probe. 0106-040 Figure 94 Probe Extraction CAUTION If too much force is applied, damage to the electronics of the probe may result. 98 ___________________________________________________________________ M210243en-A...
Page 101: Packing Instructions
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Packing Instructions For easy packing of the MAWS201 weather station, carry case sets are available as options, see section Product Nomenclature on page 20. For an example, see Figure 95 below and Figure 96 below. Pack the sensors in the smaller carry case. Pack the tripod, upper tube, sensor arms, and accessories in the bag or bigger carry case.
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Page 103: Chapter 4 Operation
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation CHAPTER 4 OPERATION This chapter provides the instructions for taking MAWS Automatic Weather Station into use when all the equipment has been assembled and installed. Operation Principle MAWS works based on a so-called setup. Setup is a program that tells MAWS what to measure, log, calculate, and report.
Page 104: Taking Maws Into Use
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Taking MAWS into Use Aligning the MAWS201 Station Figure 97 below gives a suggestion of positioning the weather station on the Northern Hemisphere. The solar panel should face south, and the temperature and humidity sensors be on the northern side of the MAWS.
Page 105: Quick Start Instructions
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Quick Start Instructions The quick start instructions in Table 16 below are based on the following assumptions: - You will use a default setup already loaded in MAWS. - You have already assembled the MAWS station. Table 16 Quick Start Instructions Step...
Page 106: Establishing Terminal Connection
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Establishing Terminal Connection To connect your computer to a MAWS serial port, proceed as follows: Connect the provided terminal cable (QMZ101) to the COM0 connector in the bottom plate of the tube and to an available COM port on your PC. See Figure 98 below. 0201-044 Figure 98 Connecting the Terminal Cable...
Page 107: Using Maws Terminal Software
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation 0201-045 Figure 99 COM0 Pins for the Terminal Connector Using MAWS Terminal Software Selecting the Language When you start MAWS Terminal for the first time, you will be asked to select the language you would like to use. The Select Language window, presented in Figure 100 below, will appear.
Page 108: Maws Terminal Main Window
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ MAWS Terminal Main Window After selecting the language, or when you later start the MAWS Terminal software by clicking the MAWS Terminal icon on your desktop, the following window appears. 0105-040 Figure 101 MAWS Terminal Main Window When the service connection is closed, the messages and reports appear on the main window as shown in Figure 102 on page 107.
Page 109: Figure 102 Maws Terminal Showing Report
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation 0105-041 Figure 102 MAWS Terminal Showing Report On the top of the main window, there is the MAWS Terminal toolbar. The toolbar is the quickest way to select functions. Table 17 Description of the Toolbar Icon Function Description Dial...
Page 110: Defining Maws Terminal Settings
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Defining MAWS Terminal Settings When you start the software for the first time, you need to define the settings you want to use during download. You can do this with Settings menu options. Preferences Window When you choose the Preferences option from the Settings menu, the Preferences window appears with the Directories tab.
Page 111: Table 18 Description Of Preference Window Tabs
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Table 18 Description of Preference Window Tabs Description Directories On the Directories tab, you can define the directories you want to use for downloading and storing files. If you do not define a directory, the program stores all file types in C:\MAWS_LOG. Download On the Download tab, you can define the operations that the program runs automatically...
Page 112: Address Book Window
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Address Book Window When you choose the Address Book option from the Settings menu, the following window appears. 0105-045 Figure 104 Address Book Window In the MAWS Terminal Address Book window, you can define MAWS communication details. You can also define parameters for both directly connected stations and for stations that establish the connection via modem.
Page 113: Figure 105 Address Book Window When Connecting To Maws
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation 0105-042 Figure 105 Address Book Window when Connecting to MAWS In the address book window, select the port to which MAWS is connected and click Connect. NOTE Before connecting, the Password Entry window opens, if you have set the user level in your MAWS.
Page 114: Giving Commands
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Giving Commands When you have established the connection, you can use the commands (described in Table 25 on page 129) to communicate with MAWS. Commands are actually text sent from the PC or terminal to MAWS. To open the connection, give the open command To close the terminal connection, give the command close.
Page 115: Closing Maws Service Connection
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation NOTE Commands have to be typed in the same case as indicated in the help texts, usually in the lower case. The command name and the following parameters are always separated by a space. Pressing ENTER (return) will execute the command so that MAWS reads the typed command.
Page 116: Figure 106 Maws Station Settings Window
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0105-053 Figure 106 MAWS Station Settings Window NOTE In the MAWS static parameters list, the entered values are treated as numbers by the system. When you want to enter a series of numbers as a string, write them between quotation marks ("). Table 20 below lists the items, which are changeable.
Page 117: Managing User Levels
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Managing User Levels You can use the userlevel command to protect the system from unauthorized use. The system provides three password protected access levels to the shell commands as well as to the visibility of system data. By default, the user levels are not in use. You can manage user levels by the userlevel command when the service connection is open.
Page 118: Maws Configuration File
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ access to all commands needed for normal administration and commissioning. Level 5 provides access to all commands. For the command reference, see Table 25 on page 129. Table 21 Accessible Commands in Different User Levels User Level Commands Userlevel 1 cd, copy, dir, errors, help, logshow, logshownext,...
Page 119: Uploading Configuration File
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation more information, refer to the MAWS Lizard setup software User's Guide listed in Table 2 on page 15. CAUTION If you create a configuration of your own by modifying the ready- made files, store the new file under a different name. This way, you can go back to the original configuration in case the new one is not working.
Page 120: Data Logging
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-046 Figure 107 Selecting an Upload Configuration File When the file has been transferred, MAWS starts logging data according to the settings in the configuration file. After a system update (for instance, adding new sensors to your MAWS), the configuration file needs to be updated to match the changes.
Page 121: Table 22 Log Memory Capacity
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation - Log group name usually consists of a letter followed by a number. Everything that MAWS can measure and calculate, it can also log in its Flash memory. Approximate log memory capacity can be calculated with the following equation: where log memory capacity 1 769 472 (capacity of an empty Flash memory)
Page 122: Log Data Format
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Log Data Format A log entry is generated at the time described in the setup file. When entries are retrieved with the logshow command, the produced output includes two parts: the header and the log entry information. An example of a log query shows 4 entries of logged items 2, 3 and 4 starting at 10 o'clock on December 28, 1998: /Log >...
Page 123: Freeing Up Logging Space
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Examples: L1 is the log group id / > logstop L1 / > logstatus L1 Logging OFF. Variables: Item number 1 Stat15:PA1_AVG Item number 2 Stat17:DP1_AVG Stat18:RH1_AVG Stat19:TA1_AVG WMS302_1:WS1 Wind1:W1sAve1m WMS302_1:WD1 Item number 8 Wind2:W2dAve10m / > loggo L1 / >...
Page 124: Selecting Files For Downloading
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Before you start downloading files, you need to open the service connection by choosing the Dial option from the Connection menu. For more information on opening the connection, see section Opening MAWS Service Connection on page 110. Selecting Files for Downloading When you have opened the service connection to the MAWS you are working with, you need to select the data log files you want to...
Page 125: Downloading Files
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation If you decide not to download a file after all, you can remove it from the Log files to Download list by selecting it and clicking Remove. To remove all files, click Remove All. NOTE The program closes the service connection automatically after 5 minutes.
Page 126: Browsing Downloaded Files
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ If you have selected that the data log files be deleted from the MAWS memory after download, the program asks you to confirm this. 0105-048 Figure 110 Confirming File Deletion after Download CAUTION If you select OK, all files up to the mentioned date will be deleted, regardless of whether they have been downloaded or not.
Page 127: Figure 111 Offline Query Window For Browsing Data Log Files
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation 0105-049 Figure 111 Offline Query Window for Browsing Data Log Files 0105-050 Figure 112 Select Data Items Window VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 125...
Page 128: Figure 113 Offline Query Window With Data Items
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ In the Select Data Items window, you can select the data items you want to browse. All data items are selected by default. You can remove any data item, or remove them all. Once the data items you want are gathered in the right frame, click Close.
Page 129: Converting Data Log Files To Csv Format
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Converting Data Log Files to CSV Format If you have selected the Convert file to CSV format option in the Preferences window, Download tab, the program converts the data log files into CSV format as you download them. However, if you prefer to download the files without converting them, you can do this by choosing the Convert files to CSV option from the Tools menu.
Page 130: Resetting Maws
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ data from the internal log directory to the memory card daily at midnight, the default time is 00:00:30. The data is being written, when the LED on the logger cover to the left of the external memory card is constantly on.
Page 131: Command Reference For Terminal Connection
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Command Reference for Terminal Connection Table 25 Command Set Command Description altitude altitude [meters]. To see the current station altitude, type altitude. To change the altitude, type altitude and the new station altitude in meters from sea level. battery battery [capacity] sets the capacity of the internal battery, needed for MAWS internal control.
Page 132 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ removes the source file. open Opens the terminal connection. pslevel pslevel [meters]. To see the current pressure sensor level, type pslevel. To change the pressure sensor level, type pslevel and the new pressure sensor level in meters from the station altitude. rd <path>...
Page 133 Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation NOTE Winddircal0, ADCAL6, and ADCAL1 commands are available only when MAWS has a setup file loaded and running. NOTE The following commands allow the use of wild cards: chmod, dir, del, copy, move, verify, zs. Example: dir L1*.* copy /log/L2*.* /Ext/log_L2 chmod *.* rw...
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Page 135: Chapter 5 Maintenance
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE This chapter provides information that is needed in the basic maintenance of MAWS. The purpose of periodic maintenance is to keep sensors operational and safe, measurements reliable, and to define if any calibration actions are needed. Under normal conditions, the MAWS weather station needs only a minimum amount of maintenance.
Page 136 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ When using high quality sensors and system, most of the routine maintenance tasks can be performed at the installation site. Some instruments and advanced calibrations and refurbishments, require the sensor be returned to the laboratory for proper calibration. When system components need to be brought in from the field, the best procedure is to maintain an inventory of spare components.
Page 137: Overall Checking
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance Overall Checking - Check signal and main cables, connectors, and connections. - Check gaskets of the enclosures. - Check all grounding cables, lugs, etc. - Check mechanical assemblies, bolts, nuts, etc. - Check for corrosion. Repair if needed. NOTE Use the correct tools of good quality.
Page 138 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Anemometer bearings: Loosen the hubnut (14) with fingers or a 10-mm tool and remove the cup wheel (13). Remove the ball bearing assembly (12) by unscrewing it counterclockwise (with a 10-mm tool). Insert a new bearing assembly (12) and tighten gently. Fasten the cup wheel to the sensor and tighten gently.
Page 139: Figure 115 Qmw101/Qmv110 Sensor Assembly
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance 0009-022 Figure 115 QMW101/QMV110 Sensor Assembly Insert the potentiometer assembly into the upper part tubing. Screw the body parts (1) and (6) together. Tighten carefully. Ensure that the mast adapter sleeve (7) is on the base part (6). Place the bearing housing (8) to the casing and secure it with a Seeger-ring (9).
Page 140: Air Temperature And Relative Humidity Sensor
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Calibration and maintenance of the air temperature and relative humidity probe should be performed at regular intervals, depending on the conditions of use and desired accuracy. The validity of the readings should be checked annually. The QMH101 probes are easy to maintain and calibrate.
Page 141: Changing The Humicap ® 180 Humidity Sensor
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance Leave the calibrator and the probe head in the same space for at least four hours so that their temperatures have time to equalize. Unscrew the plastic grid of the probe. The calibration is done first for the dry end (<50 %RH) and then for the wet end (>50 %RH) by adjusting the trimmer potentiometers marked with D and W.
Page 142: Calibration
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Calibration The MAWS software provides means for one-point field calibration of PMT16A. Required equipment: - Laptop PC with a terminal software - A standard barometer (for example Vaisala PTB220TS) - Terminal cable QMZ101 (delivered with MAWS). Table 27 Calibration Procedure Step Action...
Page 143: Qmr102
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance Check that the gauge is still level. It is surprisingly easy for an apparently immovable gauge to become tilted as a result of small ground movements, vandalism, or just an inquisitive finger. Clean the spoon from dust and dirt once or twice a year to ensure a precise measuring.
Page 144: Figure 117 Static Calibration
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ supplies an adjustable constant head of water and allows for accurate calibration of the rain gauge. Manufacturer also provides a re-calibration and overhaul service to customers; however, this section describes a good alternative for re- calibrating the rain gauge if the user wishes to do so. Static Calibration Before re-calibrating the rain gauge take this opportunity to carry out any other maintenance that may be required.
Page 145: Figure 118 Dynamic Calibration
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance consuming. In any case, it is virtually impossible to get the adjustments absolutely correct, and it is generally preferable to adjust the settings as closely as is reasonably practical, and then derive a calibration factor for each rain gauge individually after dynamic calibration.
Page 146: Figure 119 Dynamic Calibration (Constant Head)
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ UPTURNED BOTTLE CONSTANT HEAD FLOW ADJUSTMENT LEVEL GAUGE BY USING ADJUSTING SCREWS SINK 9901-033 Figure 119 Dynamic Calibration (Constant Head) Calculating the Calibration Factor Using the figures from the dynamic calibration, the calibration factor can now be read from Table 28 on page 145, or you may wish to calculate the calibration factor using the following formula.
Page 147: Solar Radiation Sensors
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance Table 28 Calibration Factors Number of tips C.F. 96.7 to 96.9 0.204 mm/tip 97.0 to 97.4 0.203 mm/tip 97.5 to 97.9 0.202 mm/tip 98.0 to 98.4 0.201 mm/tip 98.5 to 98.9 0.200 mm/tip 99.0 to 99.4 0.199 mm/tip 99.5 to 99.9 0.198 mm/tip 100 to 100.4...
Page 148: Qms102
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ QMS102 The pyranometer is an all weather instrument. Once installed the pyranometer needs little maintenance. It is recommended that you clean the detector as part of a regular routine, using water or alcohol. Re-calibration is suggested every two years. This can be done in two ways.
Page 149: Qmt107
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance QMT107 When the probe is extracted, clean the dirt accumulation on the probe's surface with a soft cloth or sponge using water and mild detergent. Field repairs are accomplished by replacing the complete probe. Soil Moisture Sensor The ML2x probe is sealed after the factory calibration.
Page 150: Leaf Wetness Sensor
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION The drying detergent is very important to ensure reliable performance of the water level sensor. Otherwise humidity enters the sensor casing through the ventilation pipe inside the cable and causes severe damage to the sensor. Leaf Wetness Sensor The QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor does not need any regular maintenance.
Page 151: Spare Parts
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________________Maintenance Spare Parts Available Spare Parts Table 29 Available Spare Parts Spare part name For... Order code Cup wheel assembly QMW101 WA45233 Anemometer bearing assembly QMW101 WA45232 Vane assembly QMW101 WA35234 Vane bearings assembly QMW101 WA45247 Humidity sensor QMH101 HUMICAP 180 Temperature sensor Pt 100 IEC 751...
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Page 153: Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting CHAPTER 6 TROUBLESHOOTING This section consists of some common MAWS problems, their probable causes, and remedies. Data Validation For most of the sensor inputs, there are data validation parameters to check the following measurement's quality parameters: - Maximum value: the maximum climatological value for the sensor measurement.
Page 154: The Lastval Command
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The LASTVAL Command If the value in the report changes to ////, you can check the measurement's value with the LASTVAL command. Give the command in the terminal connection. When you use the raw parameter, the measured value before any validation and the status produced during validation are shown.
Page 155: Software Operation
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting The command with the signal name parameter (in the following case TA) produces the following response: / > LASTVAL TAMeasQMH101_1 TA Status:1 Value:20.490570 where Status:1 The value is valid. Value:20.490570 The validated value for the temperature measurement is 20.49xxxx Software Operation After MAWS has been without power (for example when you start it...
Page 156 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Example: / W> warnings Warning: Break occurred 9 times first in uart.cpp[84] during thread: 00019F60 [AbsTimerT] object pointer: 106C [component: COM0] Warning: Frame occurred 14 times first in uart.cpp[83] during thread: 00019F60 [AbsTimerT] object pointer: 106C [component: COM0] The Break and Frame warnings mean that most likely you have turned your PC off and on again.
Page 157: System Information
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 30 Some Common Problems and Their Remedies Problem Probable Cause Remedy MAWS will not open for The terminal connection Type open and press ENTER. The command commands. is not open. must be typed exactly right before it can be executed.
Page 158: Connection Problems
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Example: / > SYSINFO Serial # : 59289091 Hardware : Rev F Software : 3.02 Checksum : 61577576 System RAM : 1024kB Free memory : 583kB Internal temp. : 3.13'C Active errors : NO Active warnings : NO Piggyback - 0 : DSU232 rev: B serial no: 009513 Piggyback - 1...
Page 159: Commands
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 31 Some Common Connecting Problems and Their Remedies Problem Probable Cause Remedy You receive the following You are trying to Select the Address book option from the message: connect to a wrong Settings menu to check the port numbers. port.
Page 160: Battery Status
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Battery Status You can view battery status information by giving the command battery without parameters. Example: / > battery Remaining=100 State=FLOAT_CHARGE U=6.850195 I=2.685547 Type=PB_BATTERY Capacity=1.200000 Ext.DC=8.132420 Internal temperature=23.511668 Battery voltage (U) and voltage at the +ExtDC terminal are given as volts, charging current (I) as milliamperes and capacity as ampere- hours.
Page 161: Power Supply
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 33 Determining Operation Mode by LED Flashing LED flashing interval Operation mode Note All the time MAWS has been reset but setup has not been examined yet. Once per 5 seconds Setup running. Once per 10 seconds Blank boot or configuration cannot be run.
Page 162: Return Instructions
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Return Instructions In case MAWS needs repair, please follow the instructions below to speed up the process and avoid extra costs. Read the warranty information. With the returned component(s), write a Problem Report with name, e-mail, telephone number, and fax number of a technically competent person, who can give additional information about the problem.
Page 163: Chapter 7 Technical Data
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data CHAPTER 7 TECHNICAL DATA This chapter provides the technical data of MAWS and its sensors. Connector Block Descriptions The MAWS logger includes: Ten measurement channels and one internal channel for pressure measurement. One connector block for power supplies. One connector block for communication channel.
Page 164: Figure 120 Connector Blocks
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 9902-003 Figure 120 Connector Blocks Single-ended (H-C or L-C) or differential (H-L) measurements can be performed in the 10 measurement channels. 162 __________________________________________________________________ M210243en-A...
Page 165: Wiring Diagrams
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 35 Description of Analog Measurement Channels Channels Pin name Description CH0, CH1, CH2, 12 V / 25 mA voltage excitation ON/OFF, voltage can be measured. OR: 16-bit ADC 100 A/1mA current excitation. Analog input (High) Analog input (Low) The pin has been connected to ground (GND) via a 10 ohm resistor so the...
Page 166: Dsu232
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 9806-064 Figure 121 Basic Wiring Diagram DSU232 The DSU232 is an unisolated RS-232 module that will provide either a double serial channel without handshaking or a single RS-232 with handshaking. It can also feed 12 V (45 mA) for a serial sensor, when used in sensor mode.
Page 167: Dsi485A
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Figure 122 DSU232 Wiring Diagram Figure 123 Suggested T-connection in Dual Port Mode DSI485A The DSI485A communication module can be configured for either 2- wire line or for 4-wire line when receive and transmit lines are separated.
Page 168: Dsi486
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Figure 124 DSI485A Wiring Diagram NOTE In 2-wire mode, only T+ and T- pins are used. DSI486 Channel A is always used in RS-485 -mode. In 2-wire RS-485, both transmitted and received data is sent via this channel. In 4-wire RS- 485 this channel can either transmit or receive depending on the configuration.
Page 169: Figure 126 Dsi486 Default Jumper Locations
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Figure 125 on page 166 provides a schematic wiring diagram for the dual RS-485 connection, the dual 2-wire connection utilizing both channels. The correct jumper settings for the channel B are listed in Table 37 below. The jumpers are located on the module as illustrated in Figure 126 below.
Page 170: Dmx501
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Figure 127 on page 167 provides a schematic wiring diagram for the combination of the RS-485 and RS-232 connection. The correct jumper settings for the channel B are listed in Table 38 below. Table 38 The Jumper Settings for Channel B in the RS-232 Mode Jumper Connected...
Page 171: Connectors
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Connectors QMT107 Pin numbers in Table 39 below refer to Figure 129 below. Table 39 Cable wire connections Signal Connection Pin in Standard Cable Connector L (CH2) default in MAWS Color Pin No Blue Low out Black Brown High out...
Page 172: Power Supply And Battery Types
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ with 5 % accuracy. The charger is protected against reverse input voltage and temperature. In addition, it has internal reverse current blocking to facilitate using solar cells without a blocking diode. The MAWS charger is capable of handling 6 V lead batteries from 1.2 Ah up to 24 Ah.
Page 173: Solar Cell
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Solar Cell When the solar cell is used as an external power supply, a few things should be kept in mind: - Always use solar cell in combination with lead battery. - To achieve the highest possible efficiency, a 6 to 8 V solar cell is recommended.
Page 174: Primary Cells
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Primary Cells Primary (non-rechargeable) cells from 6 to 9 V are most suitable for use with QML102. The standard battery alternative for MAWS is a dual cell lithium battery that has nominal voltage of 7.2 V, 35 Ah capacity and a very wide temperature range.
Page 175: Quick Charging
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data If the battery is accepting certain amount of charging current and there is enough energy available at +ExtDC input, the charging task enters Quick Charge mode. In the opposite case, when the charging current drops below 0.0075 CA even if more energy would be available, the charging task enters Float Charge mode.
Page 176: Float Charging
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Float Charging When the charger task enters Float Charge mode, the battery is considered to be full and the remaining capacity is set to 100 %. Charging voltage is set to 6.85 V corrected with temperature coefficient. Current limit is always 100 mA in Float Charge. If the battery starts to discharge, the charger task enters Normal Charge mode.
Page 177: Specifications
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Specifications QML102 Logger Table 40 QML102 Logger Specifications Property Description/Value Processor 32 bit Motorola A/D conversion 16 bit Data logging memory 1.7 Mbytes internal Flash memory Up to 160 Mbytes on optional Compact Flash memory card. Sensor inputs 10 Analog inputs (20 single ended inputs) 2 counter / frequency inputs...
Page 178: Accessories
346 x 268 x 5 Weight, incl. mounting accessories 2.8 kg Output cable 0.9 m, connector included Table 42 SOLAR6-75 Solar Panel Specifications (MAWS101) Property Description/Value Peak power (Pp) @ 1 kW/m @ + 25 C Voltage @ peak power (Vpp) 8.3 V...
Page 179: Table 44 7 Ah Backup Battery Specifications (Inside Qmp201C)
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 44 7 Ah Backup Battery Specifications (inside QMP201C) Property Description/Value Type Sealed. Lead-acid Nominal voltage 12 V Nominal capacity 7 Ah Self discharge 3% / month Expected lifetime 4 … 5 years Dimensions 151 (w) 65 (d) 97.5 (h) mm Weight...
Page 180: Table 46 Bwt15Sx Mains Power Supply Unit Specifications (Inside Qmp201C)
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 46 BWT15SX Mains Power Supply Unit Specifications (inside QMP201C) Property Description/Value Output power 30 W Operating principle SMPS Input voltage range 85 … 264 VAC Frequency range 47 … 440 Hz Input current on full load: 110 VAC 0.6 A 220 VAC...
Page 181: Sensors
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Sensors Wind Sensors Table 47 QMW101/QMV110 Combined Wind Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Measurement range 0.5 ... 60 m/s (anemometer) 0 ... 360 ° (vane) Accuracy (anemometer) 0.3 m/s (< 10 m/s) < 2 % (> 10 m/s) Accuracy (vane) <...
Page 182: Precipitation Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Precipitation Sensors Table 50 QMR101 Rain Gauge Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor/transducer type Self-emptying tipping spoon/magnet Funnel diameter 159.6 mm Orifice (opening area) 200 cm Sensitivity 0.2 mm Capacity 144 mm/h Accuracy < 24 mm/h < < 120 mm/h <...
Page 183: Table 53 Qms102 Global Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 53 QMS102 Global Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Maximum irradiance 2000 W/m Spectral range 305 ... 2800 nm (50% points) Sensitivity 10 ... 35 V/W/m Impedance 79 ... 200 Response time 18 seconds (95 %) Non-linearity 2.5 % (<...
Page 184: Table 55 Qmt103 Soil/Water Temperature Sensor Specifications
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Soil Temperature Sensors Table 55 QMT103 Soil/Water Temperature Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor Type Pt-100 type RTD element Performance (accuracy) Better than +0.08 C at 0 C, conforms to 1/4 DIN 43760B Sensitivity 0.385 / C (DIN 43760) Measuring range - 50 ...
Page 185: Soil Moisture Sensor
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Soil Moisture Sensor Table 57 ML2x Soil Moisture Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Full Range 0 ... 1.0 m Accuracy 0.02 m after calibration to a specific soil type, or, 0.05 m using the supplied soil calibration, in all 'normal' soils, over range 0.05 to 0.6 m and 0 to 40 C ambient...
Page 186: Water Level Sensors
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Water Level Sensors Table 58 QMV101 Water Level Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Measuring range 1.5 to 600 m Performance (accuracy) 0.25 % of F.S. (BSL) Output signal 4 ... 20 mA Overpressure 2 ... 6 F.S. (scale dependent) Operating temperature -20 ...
Page 187: Table 60 Qlw101 Leaf Wetness Sensor Specifications
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Leaf Wetness Sensor Table 60 QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor Type Artificial leaf electrical resistance Excitation Bipolar (5V nominal) built-in Time Constant 2 seconds Current Output Variable resistance:>1MOhm (dry) to <130KOhm (wet) Supply Voltage 1mA (typical) at +5 VDC ±10% Sensor Area...
Page 188: Communication Devices
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Communication Devices Table 62 SATELLINE 3AS Radio Modem Specifications Property Description/Value Transceiver: Frequency range 380 ... 470 MHz Channel spacing 12.5 / 25 kHz Number of channels 160 / 80 Frequency stability < ± 1.5 kHz Type of emission Communication mode Half-duplex Transmitter:...
Page 189: Block Diagrams
Chapter 7 _____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Block Diagrams Figure 132 QMT107 Soil Temperature Probe Block Diagram VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 187...
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Page 191: Glossary
Appendix A _________________________________________________________________ Glossary APPENDIX A GLOSSARY This glossary includes: - Explanations of some general meteorological terms - Explanations of some general technical terms - Descriptions of MAWS components and concepts - Explanations of the terms used in MAWS specifications. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 189...
Page 192 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Accuracy The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its actual or specified value. Altitude The station altitude in meters from sea level. Atmospheric The pressure at a given point due to the gravitational force on the pressure column of air above it.
Page 193 Appendix A _________________________________________________________________ Glossary Dew point The temperature at which the air, if cooled, would reach saturation, (temperature) and at which dew would therefore begin to condense out on a solid surface. The TD is calculated using the following formula: where 15.0 2711.5...
Page 194 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Lull The minimum of wind speed during a certain time interval (as defined in the wind calculation module of MAWS). Modem A device that allows a terminal or computer at one location to communicate with a terminal or computer at a distant location via wire or telephone lines.
Page 195 Appendix A _________________________________________________________________ Glossary The sea level pressure as QNH, but the value is corrected by the actual air temperature (or in some cases by virtual temperature, that is, temperature 12 hours ago). QFF is used in synoptical observations. QFF is calculated using the following formula: 7996 b HR 29.33 TA QFF QFE e where...
Page 196 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Solar radiation The solar energy received from the entire hemisphere. It is measured with a pyranometer. Synchronizing Ties the operation to the clock for software operations. For instance, time if an operation is always to be performed twenty minutes to the hour, the synchronizing time should be set to 00:40:00.

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Vaisala MAWS101 User Manual

Chapter 1 General Information

Chapter 2 Product Overview

Chapter 3 Installation

Chapter 4 Operation

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