Page 1 USER’S GUIDE WiseImage WiseImage Pro Version X for AutoCAD 2000/2000i/2002/2004/2005/2006 and AutoCAD LT 2002/2004/2005/2006 Consistent Software 2005...
Page 2: Contents
WiseImage and its logotype, Spotlight and its logotype, Consistent Software and its logotype are the trademarks of Consistent Software Ó. AutoCAD is the registered trademark of Autodesk Inc. ADI is the registered trademark of Autodesk Inc. Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows 2000/XP, Microsoft Windows Me, are the registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Contents Contents ................1 1 Introduction ................ 6 Welcome to WiseImage..................6 What is New in this Version ................6 Features for Processing Scanned Images ............7 Program Versions .................... 7 Specification ....................8 Raster images ....................8 Filtration....................... 8 Binarization and color separation ..............
Page 4 WiseImage– User’s Guide Unloading and Reloading Raster Images............. 29 Saving Raster Images ................30 Using AutoCAD Clipping Boundary when Selecting a Part of an Image ..30 Importing Spotlight Workspaces..............31 Undoing and Redoing Changes ..............31 Saving AutoCAD drawings when working with WiseImage....... 31 Customizing the Program Parameters.............
Page 5: Contents
Contents Modifying a Color Palette................80 Blur........................ 82 Adaptive Blur ....................83 Unsharp Mask....................85 Median......................86 7 Binarization and Color Separation ......... 87 General notes ....................88 Binarization....................89 Binarization methods .................. 89 Binarization dialog box................91 Tuning Binarization..................95 Running Binarization ..................
Page 6 WiseImage– User’s Guide Merging Images ................... 144 Merging Copy....................145 Transforming Selection Set into Separate Image ........... 145 Moving and Resizing Image Parts..............146 Duplicating Parts of an Image ............... 147 Example: Deskew part of an image............... 147 Erasing Image Parts..................151 10 Creating raster objects ..........
Page 7 Contents Running vectorization................... 219 Automatic color Vectorization................ 220 14 Vector Correction............225 Vector auto correction .................. 225 Automatic polylines correction ..............228 Index................... 232...
Page 8: Introduction
WiseImage– User’s Guide 1 Introduction Welcome to WiseImage WiseImage is a professional hybrid graphics editor and raster to vector converter that works inside AutoCAD 2000/2000i/2002/2004/2005/2006 and AutoCAD LT 2002//2004/2005/2006. Within this manual we also refer to AutoCAD implying AutoCAD 2000/2000i/2002/2004/2005/2006 and AutoCAD LT 2002/2004/2005/2006.
Page 9: Features For Processing Scanned Images
WiseImage program family is divided into two global branches – versions for working inside AutoCAD and stand-alone versions for working in Windows. WiseImage for AutoCAD can also be used with different AutoDesk products versions, based on AutoCAD, for example, Mechanical Desktop, Architectural Desktop, AutoCAD Map and others.
Page 10: Specification
WiseImage– User’s Guide · Demo version for AutoCAD is limited to processed images size upto A5 format and a resolution of 300 dpi.. You can always get free demo versions on the company site. Specification Raster images · The program can handle any type of raster images that can be loaded into AutoCAD, with no size restriction;...
Page 11: Monochrome Raster Editing
1 Introduction · Cropping to a standard format; · Raster image deskewing for horizontal or vertical alignment of raster objects with automatic determination of skew angle; · New procedure for raster image calibration with automatic selection of the optimal transformation method. Monochrome raster editing ·...
Page 12: Vector Correction
WiseImage– User’s Guide · Add-in OCR module for text fragments recognition; · Approximating arbitrary curves by polylines; · Approximating area raster objects by outlines; · Recognizing an object line type; · Recognizing arrows on lines and arcs; · Option to forced alignment of straight lines to regular angles; ·...
Page 13: Typeface Conventions
1 Introduction Typeface Conventions In this Guide there are the following typeface conventions: Agreement Application UPPERCASE Keys on keyboard: ENTER, ESC, ALT, etc. File name extensions: .TIF, .DWG, .PSL File, drives, folder names: B: \FILTERS, ESL.EXE AutoCAD commands: QUIT, UNDO Bold Text, you should enter: In command line enter b...
Page 14: Requirements And Licensing
2 Requirements and Licensing System Requirements To work with the program you need the following: · A computer that meets the requirements of AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT; · Microsoft Windows Windows 2000\XP or Microsoft Windows ME; · AutoCAD 2000/2000i/2002/2004/2005/2006 AutoCAD LT 2002/2004/2005/2006; ·...
Page 15: Part 2
WiseImage– User’s Guide What to do: Specify the information, and then click Next. Step2: Send Registration Data to Support Team This page displays the information on the product and two identification codes. You need to send this data to the Support Team over e-mail, online,mail or by fax. What to do: If e-mail is installed on your computer, then click Send e-mail.
Page 16: Basics
3 Basics 3 Basics This chapter introduces the basic elements of the WiseImage interface and introduces the basic skills required to use WiseImage. In this chapter you will find the description of the following procedures: · Starting WiseImage; · Using the WiseImage interface standard elements; ·...
Page 17: Wiseimage Toolbars
WiseImage– User’s Guide To change to the cascade menu 1. Enter menuload to the command line or select Customize Menus from the Tools menu of AutoCAD. 2. From the Menu Groups list choose WiseImage Then choose Unload. 3. Select MNU extension from Files of Type. Choose COMPACT.MNU file. Click Open.
Page 18: Cursor Menu
3 Basics Cursor Menu While performing most WiseImage commands, you can use the cursor menu for fast option selection. These are displayed if you right-click. The same menus are displayed if you right-click on some of the dialog box elements. These menus contain commands which can be applied to the selected element of the dialog box, or facilitate character entry in the dialog box.
Page 19 WiseImage– User’s Guide To display a preview area 1 x 1 On the WiseImage toolbar click the Preview area button, then enter 1 (1x1) in the command line. The Fit option works in the same way as 1x1, except it sets the maximum possible increase of the preview area, fitting it to the program window frame.
Page 20: Selecting An Image With Wiseimage Commands
3 Basics Selecting an Image with WiseImage Commands You can insert an unlimited number of raster images into an AutoCAD drawing. Most WiseImage commands require that a user select the images to be operated on. Some commands can work on one image only. However, other commands that operate on several raster images at once.
Page 21: Selecting Several Images
WiseImage– User’s Guide Selecting Several Images Selecting a group of images is performed using the following rule: · If there is only one available image in the drawing, then it is automatically selected. When you run a command that can only process color images and there is only one color image available, it is selected automatically.
Page 22: Using Templates
3 Basics Using Templates A template is a set of all dialog box settings, saved to a separate file on a disk. Template files are stored in corresponding subfolders of the TEMPLATE folder in the WiseImage root folder. In WiseImage, templates are used to save and restore the parameters of commands.
Page 23: Managing Raster Images
WiseImage– User’s Guide Managing Raster Images Raster Images in AutoCAD Drawings With AutoCAD you can add raster images to your vector-based AutoCAD drawings, and then view and plot the resulting file. A raster image inserted in the drawing is arranged as an external reference and is not a part of the AutoCAD drawing file.
Page 24: Changes In Autocad Standard Functions When Working With Wiseimage
3 Basics Ÿ image transparency Ÿ image brightness, contrast, and level of merging with background Ÿ quality and speed of image display on the screen Þ For details see the relevant sections of the AutoCAD User’s Guide. Changes in AutoCAD Standard Functions when Working with WiseImage AutoCAD tools do not allow you to change raster images, but WiseImage commands can create new images, edit and save all types of raster images,...
Page 25 WiseImage– User’s Guide You can set the current measurement unit in the dialog box of the AutoCAD Units command. To define the raster image dimensions in millimeters or inches, AutoCAD needs to obtain information about scanning resolution. If this information is contained in the image file header, then the program can automatically scale an image correctly when inserting it.
Page 26 3 Basics To insert an image, without scanning resolution information in scale 1:1 1. Choose Raster Image in the Insert menu. 2. Using the Select Raster Image dialog, find the required image file, select it from the list, and choose Open. 3.
Page 27 WiseImage– User’s Guide 2. Enter the image dimensions in Width and Height. - or - From the Standard Paper Sizes list, select an image size. This list only contains the sheet formats included in the Paper Formats list of the WiseImage tab of the AutoCAD Options dialog. You can either add or remove from this list.
Page 28: Scanning Images
3 Basics The detailed description of this option is provided in the AutoCAD User’s Guide in the section that describes raster image inserting using the IMAGE command. For example: Enter U; the following prompt is displayed: Enter unit [MM/Centimeter/Meter/Kilometer/Inch/Foot/Yard/Mile] If you enter Centimeter, then the dimensions of the inserted image will be equal to the dimensions of the selected format in centimeters.
Page 29 WiseImage– User’s Guide The user can choose a source of scanning in the Select Source dialog. The dialog opens with the Select Source command of the rFile menu. Process scanning WiseScan LE works in Scan to View mode. In this mode a scanned image is automatically loaded into the main program.
Page 30: Detaching Images
3 Basics Detaching Images You can detach images that are no longer required from the drawing. When you detach an image, all the instances of the image, the image definition, and the link to the image are removed from the drawing. If changes have been made to a raster image, then WiseImage prompts if you want to save the image.
Page 31: Saving Raster Images
WiseImage– User’s Guide To reload the unloaded image or to update the loaded image in order to ensure that you are working with the latest image file version, select it from the Image Manager dialog and click Reload. Þ If you close the drawing with images unloaded, then AutoCAD will not load these image files when you re-open this drawing, and you will have to load them manually.
Page 32: Importing Spotlight Workspaces
3 Basics Importing Spotlight Workspaces WiseImage can import workspaces that have been created using Spotlight versions 3 and 4. When importing a Spotlight workspace, all raster images contained in and linked to this workspace are loaded. Spotlight vector objects are loaded and converted to AutoCAD vector objects.
Page 33: Customizing The Program Parameters
WiseImage– User’s Guide Some of the current program settings are always saved in the drawing file (*.DWG). Information on the program settings is regularly updated every time you save a drawing. If you open a drawing, then WiseImage reads the all the latest saved program settings.
Page 34: Calibration Entity Settings Section
3 Basics Calibration Entity Settings Section This section enables you to change the color, drawing style, and other display parameters of a special object, used in the calibrating procedure. For each type of calibration point (real, measured, and adjusted) you can specify the following parameters: Parameter Purpose...
Page 35: Preview Style Section
WiseImage– User’s Guide Preview Style Section This section enables you to select the display mode for the preview window (only for Binarization dialog). By default the preview window has the “opaque” display mode. This mode does not display color images, and you can only see the pixels of monochrome layers created.
Page 36 3 Basics To add a format to the list 1. Click the Add button. The following dialog is displayed: Enter a format name in Name. Choose either millimeters or inches from Units. Specify width and height in Width and Height. If necessary, then specify Internal Frame –...
Page 37: Standard Directories Section
WiseImage– User’s Guide Standard directories Section Using this section you can specify the folders, which contain files used by the program to recognize texts and symbols. OCR Template Location Specifies a folder where OCR templates are located. Symbol Search Template Location Specifies a folder in which the templates used when recognizing vector symbols are located.
Page 38: Default Raster Properties Section
3 Basics · Fit to paper – resizing an image to the nearest standard paper sheet, aligning the original image to the middle of a new one. See “Changing Size” on page 42; · Rotate by 90, 180, 270 – image rotation by a specified angle. See “Rotation”...
Page 39 WiseImage– User’s Guide Selection grouping If On, then the selection operation result consisting of more than one item is united in an AutoCAD group. Crop rasters If On, then the copied raster is automatically cropped and the blank margins are removed.
Page 40: Autocad Drawing Closing With Wiseimage
3 Basics Parameter Purpose Do not duplicate Every copying operation creates only new instance(s). One shared for all Copying creates a clone of copied image. The multiple copies copying command creates the instances of this clone. Separate for each Copying creates a clone of the copied image. The copy multiple copying command creates new clones of the original raster.
Page 41: Operations With Images
4 Operations with Images This chapter describes the procedures that allow you to correct geometric errors of monochrome, color and grayscale raster images. Such operations are recommended, and in many cases necessary, before applying more complicated procedures such as layering or vectorization. For example, if an original raster image has trapezoid distortion, then after vectorization you will get a vector drawing that is impossible to be corrected.
Page 42: Changing Size
WiseImage– User’s Guide Changing Size This operation is used to resize an image in order to adjust its dimensions to specified values. If the new image size is smaller than that of the original one, then the image edges are cut out. If the new image size is larger than that of the original one, then margins are added to the image.
Page 43: Adjustment To A Standard Format
4 Operations with Images Specify the new image size. From the Standard Paper Size box select one of the standard sheet formats and orientation: Landscape or Portrait. When the dialog box appears, it always shows the Custom Sheet value. If you choose a standard sheet format and then change the sizes manually, then Custom Sheet appears again.
Page 44: Adding Margins
WiseImage– User’s Guide Adding margins The resizing operation can also add blank margins to the image. To add margins to an image 1. Select an image and start the resizing operation. 2. Clear the Fixed Size checkbox and using the four boxes or buttons with arrows of the Alignment/Margins box;...
Page 45 4 Operations with Images - or - Start the operation without selecting an image. Select an image you want to scale from the dialog box. The following dialog box appears: 2. From the pull-down list choose the measurement units: pixels, inches or millimeters.
Page 46: Cropping
WiseImage– User’s Guide 6. Click OK. Cropping Using cropping you can reduce an image size to a specified rectangular image area size. You can define this area by specifying the AutoCAD clipping boundary for images or by specifying a rectangular area, defining the corners of the image. You can also crop an image by applying a procedure that automatically finds the image “empty”...
Page 47 4 Operations with Images To crop an image automatically Select an image on the screen and run the operation in one of the following ways: Click the Crop Auto button on the Raster Image toolbar. Choose Crop in the rImage menu, then Crop/Crop/Auto. - or - Start the operation without selecting an image.
Page 48: Mirroring
WiseImage– User’s Guide 3. The clipped image boundary is deleted, and the original image boundary is restored. Command line equivalent – rClip. Mirroring Using this operation you can mirror an image about either the vertical or horizontal axis crossing the image center. You can also mirror selection sets and clipped areas about the central axis of their boundaries.
Page 49: Deskewing
4 Operations with Images Click the Rotate 90cw,180, 90ccw button on the Raster Image toolbar. Choose Rotate 90cw,180, 90ccw from the rImage menu. - or - Start the operation without selecting an image. Select the image you want to process from the dialog box. To rotate an image by an arbitrary angle 1.
Page 50 WiseImage– User’s Guide There are three ways to deskew a raster image. You can define a deskew line by specifying two points in the image. This line’s deviation, from either the horizontal or vertical axis, determines the skew angle. You can also deskew a raster image by typing a skew angle in the appropriate editing box.
Page 51: Auto Correction
4 Operations with Images To deskew raster objects automatically Select an image on the screen and run the operation using one of the following methods: Click the Deskew Auto button on the Raster Image toolbar. From the rImage menu choose Deskew, then Deskew Auto. - or - Start the operation without selecting an image.
Page 52 WiseImage– User’s Guide This operation can be applied to several raster images at once. So, if several images are inserted in the current drawing and they are available (visible, allocated on unlocked layers), then you should select a group of raster images before running this operation.
Page 53 4 Operations with Images arbitrary order because the program always sorts them so they form the frame without intersections. Watch the rubberline to control, press BACKSPACE to go to previous frame corner if necessary. Type the desired frame size in Width and Height. Select the orientation –...
Page 54: Calibrating Raster Images
5 Calibrating Raster Images Calibrating (also known as “rubbersheeting”) is designed to eliminate arbitrary (both linear and non-linear) distortions in monochrome, grayscale, and color raster images: scanned graphic documents, geodetic plans, maps in raster format, etc. To carry out calibration original documents must include points with known coordinates.
Page 55: Calibration Dialog Box
WiseImage – User’s Guide Calibration Pairs types Every calibration pair has one of the follow types: Grid – if a pair is a part of a calibration Grid, used in calculation of calibration parameters and estimating calibration accuracy. Control – if a pair is used in calculation of calibration parameters and estimating calibration accuracy.
Page 56 5 Calibrating Raster Images Calibration dialog box Calibration dialog box buttons Button Description Creates a set of calibration pairs placed in the nodes of rectangular grid. Define Grid Creates a calibration pair using the dialog box. Add Pair Allows changing the locations of measured and real points and the type of selected calibration Modify Pair pair.
Page 57: Creating A Set Of Calibration Pairs
WiseImage – User’s Guide Button Description Zooms the drawing to display calibration pairs selected. Zoom To Pans the drawing to display the next calibration pair. View Next Estimates calibration accuracy. Estimate Calibration method Shows the method that will be used for calibrating. Mean error Displays the root-mean-square deviation for all calibration pairs.
Page 58 5 Calibrating Raster Images To create calibration pairs: Specify the known theoretical point coordinates (real points). There are two ways to do this – define a calibration grid or add them one by one. Both methods may be used simultaneously. Upon creation, each calibration pair has the same measured and real point coordinates.
Page 59 WiseImage – User’s Guide If it is necessary, then add grid columns in the negative direction of the X or Y axis by specifying a negative value for the X or Y size. Specify numbers of grid cells along the X and Y axis using X Cell and Y Cell, accordingly.
Page 60: Selecting Calibration Pairs
5 Calibrating Raster Images Choose Close to return to the Calibration dialog box. Selecting Calibration Pairs To view, modify, or delete a calibration pair, first select it from the list in the Calibration dialog box. To select a calibration pair from the list Click on the name of the pair.
Page 61: Deleting Calibration Pairs
WiseImage – User’s Guide To modify a calibration pair Select a required pair from the list in the Calibration dialog box. Zoom to selected pair by button in the Calibration dialog box. From the cursor menu, choose Modify or click the button in the Calibration dialog box.
Page 62: Resetting Calibration Pairs
5 Calibrating Raster Images Resetting Calibration Pairs This operation resets the measured coordinates of the selected calibration pairs to appropriate real ones. Note that this action can't be undone. To reset calibration pairs: Select the required pairs from the list in the Calibration dialog box. From the cursor menu, choose Reset or click the button in the Calibration dialog box.
Page 63 WiseImage – User’s Guide Method Distortion Linear conformal For linear transformation - moving, rotating, and proportional scaling. Affine For linear transformation - moving, rotating, and non-proportional scaling. Raster ellipses can be transformed to circles. Bilinear For parallelogram or trapezoid distortions on map or mechanical drawings.
Page 64: Estimating Calibration Accuracy
5 Calibrating Raster Images Polynomial 5th degree Polynomial 6th degree Surface not applicable Splines To choose a calibration method Select a calibration method from the Calibration method list of the Calibration dialog box. Estimating Calibration Accuracy Calibrating transforms the entire raster image by means of the calculated transformation.
Page 65: Example Of An Image Calibration
WiseImage – User’s Guide Mean error indicates the average error of the method chosen. Also, pay attention to the Xerr and Yerr values to estimate the error of the chosen method for every point. Example of an Image Calibration This example shows the calibration of a color image from the UTRECHT.TIF file of the SAMPLES subfolder of the program root folder.
Page 66 5 Calibrating Raster Images Click here Specify X Size and Y Size of the grid cell. Enter 32 to X Size and Y Size. Specify numbers of grid cells along the X-axis and Y-axis entering 2 to X Cell and Y Cell, respectively. Choose OK to create a calibration grid and return to the Calibrate dialog box.
Page 67 WiseImage – User’s Guide The figure above shows the real (1) and the measured (2) points positions. The real point of the calibration pair sets the known position of the raster grid node, and the measured point shows the position of the raster grid node on the original (distorted) image.
Page 68 5 Calibrating Raster Images transformation errors. The values of these errors are shown in the boxes: Mean error, Min error and Max Error respectively. In this case all these values are zeros. It means that all the raster grid nodes will get the required positions after calibration.
Page 69: Color Correction And Color Filtration
6 Color Correction and Color Filtration The color filtration and color correction tools can be used to prepare an image for further, more complicated operations, such as binarization, layering, raster editing and vectorization. The color filters are also used for image enhancement after operations that move image objects or change the resolution, such as scaling, aligning, rotation, calibration or four-point correction.
Page 70 WiseImage – User’s Guide - or - Start the operation without choosing an image. Select an image you want to process from the dialog box. For more detailed information on the selection procedure see “Selecting Several Images” on page 20. Converting to 8-bit indexed This command supplies the user with a way of reducing the file size of an image by changing its color depth (number of bits that store color information) form 24 bit per...
Page 71 6 Color Correction and Color Filtration The buttons and controls in Convert to 8-bit indexed dialog window Contains the samples of colors of the Color samples table current palette, i.e. the palette that will be applied by pressing OK. This control is used to show the Color counter number of colors in the current palette.
Page 72 WiseImage – User’s Guide Merges the colors selected in color Merger button samples table to mean color. The image is repainted with the new palette. Deletes the colors selected in color Delete button samples table from the palette. The image is repainted with the new palette.
Page 73: Selecting Images For Color Correction And Filtration
6 Color Correction and Color Filtration Selecting Images for Color Correction and Filtration The color filtration and color correction tools can be applied to a group of color raster images. Therefore, if a number of color images are inserted in the current drawing and they are available (visible, located on unlocked layers), you need to select a group of raster images before running filtration.
Page 74: Correction By Histogram
WiseImage – User’s Guide - or - 2. Start the operation without selecting an image. Select an image you want to process from the dialog box. For more detailed information on the selection procedure see “Selecting Several Images” on page 20. The following dialog box is displayed: Use the appropriate boxes or sliders to modify the value of the following parameters: Brightness, Contrast, Hue, and Saturation.
Page 75 6 Color Correction and Color Filtration Blue). It enables you to correct the image pixel color, for example, to turn a pink background to pure white. To correct an image by histogram 1. Select an image you want to process on the screen and start the operation by one of the following methods: Click Equalize on the Raster Image toolbar.
Page 76: Gamma Correction
WiseImage – User’s Guide the corresponding components values of the selected color. If you select a color sample with the eyedropper, then it defines the position of the middle tone, and hence defines the image gamma. 2. Select a histogram corresponding to the color component to be corrected. 3.
Page 77 6 Color Correction and Color Filtration To change color profile Choose Gamma Correction from the rImage menu or click the button on the WiseImage toolbar. The Gamma Correction dialog is displayed. Do the following: § Specify white and black points using the relevant eyedropper tools; §...
Page 78: Modifying A Color Palette
WiseImage – User’s Guide Changing the gamma curve There are three interrelated methods of changing the shape of the Master gamma curve and the curves for individual channels. Select or clear the S-Curve checkbox. S-curve is a form of a gamma curve that is always symmetrical around the central point of a distribution range.
Page 79 6 Color Correction and Color Filtration Set auto Pressing this button forces the program to automatically palette determine a set of colors that represents the image most closely. Reset palette This button is used to recalculate the palette based on the number of colors set in the color Counter.
Page 80: Blur
WiseImage – User’s Guide - or - press the button , pick a point in the image; the selected color will be selected in the color Samples table; - or - press the button , draw a polygon around the desired area in the image. The colors within the polygon will be selected in the color Samples table.
Page 81: Adaptive Blur
6 Color Correction and Color Filtration Setting a small Radius value you can achieve the most blur effect. If you want to produce more blur effect, then apply this filter with a small Radius value several times, using the Apply button of the dialog box. To blur an image 1.
Page 82 WiseImage – User’s Guide The setting of the radius value determines the depth (in pixels) of the filter effect on the color area. To implement the Adaptive Blur Start the command Adaptive Blur from the rFilters menu. Or click the button on the Raster Image toolbar.
Page 83: Unsharp Mask
6 Color Correction and Color Filtration Unsharp Mask This filter seeks for color transition boundaries in the image and improves their sharpness. The filter modifies pixel contrast on color transition boundaries, producing an overall increase in image sharpness. This filter can be used for correction of images that became blurred after interpolation –...
Page 84: Median
WiseImage – User’s Guide Median Median filtration reduces an image noise, by analyzing all pixels within the specified radius and giving the central pixel the averaged value of the reviewed pixel characteristics. As a result, the extremes of pixel color and brightness are depressed and the image looks slightly blurred.
Page 85: Binarization And Color Separation
7 Binarization and Color Separation This chapter describes the procedures of converting color and grayscale images to monochrome raster images (raster layers). The original image is a raster file, obtained after color or grayscale scanning. Binarization creates monochrome raster images, containing black-and-white representation of color objects.
Page 86: General Notes
WiseImage – User’s Guide General notes Monochrome images, also referred to as “black-and-white” or “bitonal”, use one bit to represent each pixel color (black or white). Grayscale images, also referred to as “gray-level”, consist of different gray tone pixels. Grey levels vary from 0 (black) to 255 (white). Thus, in grayscale images, one byte is sufficient to store information on each pixel color.
Page 87: Binarization
7 Binarization and Color Separation Binarization Binarization creates a new monochrome image of a specified color, which is placed on the specified layer. Using the specific criterion the program defines which pixels of the original (color or grayscale) image should become black (foreground pixels), and which ones should become white (background pixels), and then generates a monochrome image and places it on a new raster layer.
Page 88 WiseImage – User’s Guide Range by RGB With this method you can convert color dots of the specified RGB ranges to image dots. To specify an RGB range you should first select a central range color. The Red, Green, and Blue components of this color define the position of the RGB range central point.
Page 89: Binarization Dialog Box
7 Binarization and Color Separation Binarization dialog box Binarization of color images is performed using the Binarization dialog box. To open the Binarization dialog box Choose Binarization from the rImage menu. - or - Click the button on the WiseImage toolbar. The Binarization dialog with the Range tab open The controls and buttons described below are the same for the Threshold and Ranges tabs of the Binarization dialog box.
Page 90 WiseImage – User’s Guide Depending on the chosen tab, this list allows you to select a binarization method. For example, if the Range tab is chosen, you can choose Range by Grey, Range by RGB or Range by HSV. Channel You can choose a color information channel type from this list.
Page 91 7 Binarization and Color Separation Range tab The Range tab is used to tune the following range methods: Range by Grey, Range by RGB or Range by HSV. Colors This list shows information on the central colors of the specified ranges and allows you to select a range for correction and deletion.
Page 92 WiseImage – User’s Guide Sliders of channel histograms This tab has three triangular sliders on the histogram channels corresponding to the selected binarization method. These sliders allow you to change the central color components (grey central level) and the half-length of the range selected from the Colors field.
Page 93: Tuning Binarization
7 Binarization and Color Separation Tuning Binarization To fine-tune the binarization procedure you should choose an appropriate method. The selected method type defines a customizing method. For each of the two threshold methods you should specify one or three threshold values next to the histogram.
Page 94 WiseImage – User’s Guide By default, this parameter is specified as an average value. If you binarize large filled areas, then decrease this parameter (close to Lo mark) to reduce the quantity of raster speckles and non-filled holes when binarizing objects. If you try to get a monochrome layer containing images of small or thin objects –...
Page 95: Running Binarization
7 Binarization and Color Separation To delete a range Click an element corresponding to the range you what to delete in the Colors list, press the Remove Color button. Running Binarization Binarization creates a new monochrome image of a specified color, which is placed on the specified AutoCAD layer.
Page 96 WiseImage – User’s Guide 4. Press ENTER twice to accept the default image insertion point and image scale: 0, 0 and 1. The program will insert an image in scale 1:1 – one AutoCAD unit corresponds to one millimeter of the raster image. Binarization Open the Binarization dialog box.
Page 97 7 Binarization and Color Separation Þ It is sufficient to specify one range to binarize isolines in this image. For this purpose indicate a point with coordinates X= 37.45 and by Y= 27.19. The central color shall be H:28, S:53, and V:78. The range half-lengths are 28, 25, 25, respectively.
Page 98 WiseImage – User’s Guide Make sure that you are satisfied with the sample binarization result, then start the procedure, by clicking the Apply button. During binarization the screen displays a dialog box where the progress is indicated in percent. The Cancel button can also be used to interrupt the operation.
Page 99 7 Binarization and Color Separation Create two ranges using the middle eyedropper button. Using the button, place the preview area in the central part of the images shown in the figure below. Then choose the Fit Preview command in the View menu.
Page 100: Adaptive Binarization
WiseImage – User’s Guide Adaptive Binarization This command is designed for correcting raster images that have been acquired by scanning blueprint and sepias in grayscale mode. This command enhances those images by improving the binarization in order to make the images readable. Because binarizing images on which the background has a different brightness and the noise and speckles are spread unevenly produces poor results, the Adaptive Binarization tool combines binarization with cleaning of the image.
Page 101: Color Separation
7 Binarization and Color Separation All the parameters of this dialog are set using the sliders or by typing appropriate values in corresponding fields. Set the Radius value –the radius within which the program will be analysing the level of noise to be cleaned. The greater this value, the more pixels surrounding the color transition boundary will be analyzed.
Page 102: Color Reduction
WiseImage – User’s Guide The dots belonging to basic subsets, which correspond to colors of one category, form this category. For example, consider an image with a blue line passing across yellow and white background. Actually, this line consists of blue and green dots. Thus to classify the image dots correctly, you need to define three categories: the first one with yellow basic color where all dots of yellow background will be put, the second one with white basic color where all dots of white background will be put, and the third one...
Page 103 7 Binarization and Color Separation Color separation dialog box You specify category attributes and basic colors in Categories and Colors of the Color Separation dialog box. Categories contains a list of specified categories, and buttons that allow to create, modify, and delete category definitions. Colors displays a list of basic colors of a category selected from the Categories list box and buttons that allow to add or delete the basic colors of a selected category.
Page 104 WiseImage – User’s Guide Enter a new category name in Name and/or select a symbolic color from the palette. Click OK. Note that the category set of basic colors is not changed when its definition is modified. To add a category basic color Select the required category from the Categories list.
Page 105 7 Binarization and Color Separation Running color separation When performing the separation procedure, the program creates a separate monochrome image for each category and places the object points, belonging to this category on this image. The AutoCAD layers are created in the drawing, on which new raster images are placed.
Page 106: Color Reduction
WiseImage – User’s Guide describing each category. You should select color samples both in the middle and closer to the object boundary. - or - Use the Noise Reduction slider and Descpeckle option to redistribute dots by categories. Þ Deleting and modifying the definition of a set of category basic colors are irreversible operations.
Page 107: Filtering Monochrome Images
8 Filtering Monochrome Images Monochrome filters are used to process bitonal images. Applying filters can considerably increase image quality and reduce the size of raster image files. This chapter describes the following monochrome filters: · Speckle Remover · Hole Remover ·...
Page 108 WiseImage – User’s Guide The filter can be used after such procedures as binarization and layering to remove small raster objects in the obtained monochrome images’ layers. Monochrome raster fragment, obtained After speckle removing after binarization To remove raster speckles Select the image, or part of the image that you want to process and start the filtration using one of the following methods: Click the Speckle Remover button on the Raster Image toolbar.
Page 109: Hole Remover
8 Filtering Monochrome Images Click the button and pick two pixels on the screen. The program will estimate the speckle size equal to the distance between these pixels. Choose Apply. Hole Remover This filter removes small sized holes in raster objects. Only holes which are smaller than the specified value are removed.
Page 110: Smoothing
WiseImage – User’s Guide 2. Specify the maximum size of holes to be removed in the current units (left box) or in points (right box). - or - Set the Auto Estimating option so that the filter automatically estimates hole size before filtration.
Page 111 8 Filtering Monochrome Images On the second step the filter turns the pixels with a brightness value less than the Threshold value black. The wide black lines in the figure above show the boundary within which the pixels turn black and outside of which pixels turn white. If the Threshold value increases, then it causes the object to thicken.
Page 112: Thinning
WiseImage – User’s Guide Thinning The Thinning filter makes raster fragments thinner by a specified number of pixels in specified directions – horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. This filter has a supplementary parameter that allows thinning raster objects up to a skeleton (only pixels in the middle are left).
Page 113: Thickening
8 Filtering Monochrome Images Thickening The Thickening filter makes raster objects thicker by a specified number of pixels. You can choose a combination of thickening directions. The following figure below shows the Thickening filtration effect if all directions are chosen. The left picture shows the original raster image, and the picture on the right shows the result of Thickening filtration after three passes.
Page 114: Contour
WiseImage – User’s Guide After the image selection the following dialog box appears: 2. Select a desired thickening direction: Horizontal – by horizontal, Vertical – by vertical, All – horizontal, vertical and diagonal. 3. Choose Apply. Contour Contour filters convert filled raster areas of the image to one-pixel outlines. The 4- coupling filter creates 4-coupling areas;...
Page 115: Inversion
8 Filtering Monochrome Images Click the 4-coupling or 8-coupling button on the Raster Image toolbar. From the rFilter menu Select 4-coupling, and then 8-coupling. - or - Start filtration without selecting an image. Select an image you want to process from the selection dialog box. For more detailed information on the selection procedure see “Selecting Several Images”...
Page 116: Filling Raster Line Breaks
WiseImage – User’s Guide Filling Raster Line Breaks To eliminate the breaks in raster lines use Line Breaks Filling command. This operation can be performed only with monochrome raster images. To perform the command, set up the Max line width and max Gap Jump. These values can be obtained by measuring directly from the raster image by using the appropriate buttons.
Page 117: Objects Separation By Type And Size
8 Filtering Monochrome Images If satisfied with the results in the preview window, then move on to step 5 below. If not, then reset the wrong value for Max Width of Max Gap to Jump. Repeat the measurement of required parameters. Play around with the accuracy slider to fine tune the image, if needed.
Page 118 WiseImage – User’s Guide To fill in the Output Layer field you need to make the same actions for all the dialogs: § Enter a name of the layer to place an image containing selected objects; § Set a color for this layer – click on the color sample located next to the field and select a color from the dialog.
Page 119 8 Filtering Monochrome Images In the Hatch Angle field specify the hatch angle. To bring objects back to the original image Select objects to bring back to the initial image using one of the selection methods. If all the objects are to be brought back, then select the created raster image by its vector frame and choose Merge in the rEdit menu.
Page 120: Working With Raster Selection
9 Working with Raster Selection This chapter describes the methods of raster data selection for monochrome images. The intelligent object technology for raster object selection implemented in the program allows editing a raster image using methods similar to those used when handling AutoCAD vector drawings.
Page 121: Selecting Procedure
WiseImage – User’s Guide Selecting Procedure A raster selection set can be composed from raster parts selected from various images. Selecting procedure may consist of several steps. On each one step raster data selection is only made on one image. The selected raster data is highlighted with a color on the screen.
Page 122: Raster Selection Composition
9 Working with Raster Selection Raster Selection Composition During selection the raster data is placed in a temporary buffer, called a raster selection set. The selecting process may consist of an arbitrary number of steps. This procedure is called raster selection set composition. A raster selection set can be composed from parts of various images.
Page 123: Hybrid Selection
WiseImage – User’s Guide when selecting it. When data is removed from the selection set it is no longer highlighted. Selecting/Unselecting all Two further operations add convenience and flexibility to usage of selection modes: Select All and Unselect All. Both operations are represented by commands in the Edit menu and buttons on the Select toolbar.
Page 124: Selection Tools
9 Working with Raster Selection In Hybrids on mode the selection result is a set of all vector objects crossed by fence. Note grips at the ends of lines. Grips In Hybrids off mode the selection result is raster fragment, containing the raster objects that were crossed by fence.
Page 125: Raster Select And More Raster Select Toolbars
WiseImage – User’s Guide There are four groups of the rSelect options, described in the following table. Options Function ALL, Window, Polygon, Line, Arc, Defines a selection style and Circle, Object, Symbol, CWindow, algorithm. WWindow, WPolygon, CPolygon, For information see “Standard Fence Selection Styles ”.
Page 126: Standard Selection Styles
9 Working with Raster Selection Standard Selection Styles The All option selects an entire raster image. To select an entire raster image Click the button on the Raster Select toolbar or enter all to the rSelect command prompt. Þ The All selection option causes deselecting on the current image. Window Selects all raster data within a rectangular area, specified by two opposite corners.
Page 127: Raster Objects And Selection Types
WiseImage – User’s Guide Style Picking procedure Raster data selected rSelect option Crossing Draw a selection Inside the window including CWindow Window window raster objects crossed by its boundary Within Draw a selection Inside the polygon WPolygon Polygon polygon excluding raster objects crossed by its boundary CPolygon Crossing...
Page 128 9 Working with Raster Selection Floodfilling isolated area on the raster image Line Following raster polyline segments Object Type Recognition raster entities The following three examples explain of selecting in Object style, but the algorithms work the same way when selecting in Within Window, Crossing Window, Within Polygon, Crossing polygon and Fence styles.
Page 129 WiseImage – User’s Guide In this case the entire object is selected, as all its dots are contiguous. This method is useful for selecting standalone objects of arbitrary shape: characters, symbols, etc. To select an area on the raster Click the button on the Select Raster toolbar. Click on any point of the raster object.
Page 130 9 Working with Raster Selection The figure shows that the program has selected the part of the raster line until it meets the intersection with the other raster objects. To select a part of a raster polyline between two nodes 1.
Page 131: Selection By Window And Polygon
WiseImage – User’s Guide description of Max Width and Max Break see “Tuning Selection ” on page 142. If selecting by picking when object recognition is on, then the program selects the entire raster line as shown with outlines on the left figure. Note that, when selecting, intersections of the selected line with other raster objects are not removed.
Page 132 9 Working with Raster Selection Comparing the Crossing Window selection methods Let us consider several examples that illustrate the difference between raster selection types that apply to the same selection methods. In the first example we select raster using the Crossing Window method with the different raster selection types.
Page 133 WiseImage – User’s Guide Floodfilling Here the selection window is defined by the same points as in the two previous cases. However, using the Floodfilling selection type, you select all raster object parts - the entire raster, as shown in the figure, and the deletion deletes everything.
Page 134: Selecting By Fence
9 Working with Raster Selection Floodfilling The figure shows the result of using the Within Window selection method based on Floodfilling. The program only selects an isolated raster object (character “A”), and excludes all the other raster objects because they are contiguous. Selecting by Fence To select with the Fence method you need to specify a set of points, which determine the vertices of an open polygon.
Page 135 WiseImage – User’s Guide The following figure illustrates an example of isolated object selection by fence (the red button on the More Raster Select toolbar). The figure on the left shows the open polygon used to select the text. The figure on the right shows the selected raster objects.
Page 136 9 Working with Raster Selection In the following figures the selected raster objects are indicated with outlines. In the first figure there are two vertical lines, selected entirely after the use of the Object type recognition method (the green button on the Raster Select toolbar). Selected lines In the second figure there are two segments of these lines, located within the table adjacent horizontal lines.
Page 137: Forced Selection
WiseImage – User’s Guide Forced Selection The Line, Arc, and Circle methods select raster entities of a specified type. These selection methods require drawing a reference rubberline of an appropriate type over a raster object to be selected. The program selects the specified raster object if it is recognized as a raster entity of the specified type.
Page 138: Raster Symbol Selection
9 Working with Raster Selection Raster Symbol Selection The Symbol selection method allows selecting by picking the raster objects which have matching predefined templates. The procedure of defining of symbol sample is described in “Setting Up Symbol Recognition Options” on page 212. To select a raster symbol 1.
Page 139: Tuning Selection
WiseImage – User’s Guide Tuning Selection Tuning selection is performed in the Options tab of the Conversion Options dialog box. You can control the raster object selection methods, based on Object Recognition and Line Following algorithms. To set raster selection parameters 1.
Page 140: Raster Selection Parameters
9 Working with Raster Selection Raster Selection Parameters Raster selection is affected by three parameters in the Options tab: Max Width, Max Break and Approximation Accuracy. Max Width Defines the maximum width of raster objects that can be selected with the methods based on Object Type Recognition and Line Following.
Page 141: Changing The Status Of Selected Data
WiseImage – User’s Guide Changing the Status of Selected Data When selecting raster, the program creates a temporary raster image where the raster data, selected from the current image is moved. The temporary image is given the status of raster selection set. This temporary image has the same size and insertion point as the original one.
Page 142: Merging Copy
9 Working with Raster Selection with less color depth into the destination images with a greater color depth: monochrome into grayscale and color, grayscale into color (not into monochrome) color into color only. The names of images that do not fit are excluded from the list of the dialog box.
Page 143: Moving And Resizing Image Parts
WiseImage – User’s Guide move them to a separate layer in order to further recognize texts or modify them manually using AutoCAD tools. On the detaching operation, a separation set becomes a regular image and is placed on the current AutoCAD layer. This operation can involve automatic cropping of the obtained raster images by raster data boundary (by raster selection clipping boundary).
Page 144: Duplicating Parts Of An Image
9 Working with Raster Selection - or - Use the button on the WiseImage toolbar (Merge a Copy command from the rEdit menu) to insert a copy of the transformed data. Thus, you can insert several copies of modified data into one or several images. Duplicating Parts of an Image Since raster selection set is an AutoCAD object, you can copy it using the commands COPY, ARRAY, as well as copy using dragging and the CTRL key.
Page 145 WiseImage – User’s Guide raster image CS_PLAN.TIF (or CS_PLAN.DWG), located in the SAMPLES folder of the WiseImage program. Starting AutoCAD with WiseImage and checking setup of measurement units 1. Run WiseImage. 2. From the Format menu choose Units. In the displayed dialog box Units choose millimeters.
Page 146 9 Working with Raster Selection 4. Specify a base point. Specify a point in the center of the raster selection. 5. Enter the Reference option in the r command line, press ENTER. 6. Indicate in the image a reference angle equal to the detail skew angle. Specify the point (1) above the left edge of the top side of the detail, move the cursor so that the rubber line, linking the cursor and the first point is parallel to the top side of the detail.
Page 147 WiseImage – User’s Guide The figure above shows the result of the Rotate command operation. The raster selection has been converted into a new raster image and its color is changed. Add new raster data to the original image. 8. Click on the new image boundary to be selected. From the rEdit menu choose Merge.
Page 148: Erasing Image Parts
9 Working with Raster Selection The figure below illustrates the result of the operation. Erasing Image Parts You can remove the selected raster objects, using the AutoCAD command ERASE. To erase an image part 1 Select raster data. 2 Indicate with cursor the raster selection boundary to select it as an AutoCAD object.
Page 149: 10 Creating Raster Objects
10 Creating raster objects This chapter describes the WiseImage tools used to draw on raster images of different types – monochrome, grayscale, and color. By using pixel editing tools, you can draw line segments, open polygons and arbitrary curves of a specified width. If you work with monochrome images, then these tools also allow you to draw with the background color, enabling you to erase an image.
Page 150: Pixel Editing
WiseImage – User’s Guide Pixel Editing Using the pixel editing tools, you can draw the following types of objects on raster images: line segments, polylines made of linear segments, arbitrary curves and filled circles of a specified diameter. The pixel editing tools can handle images of all types: monochrome, grayscale and color.
Page 151: Floodfilling And Erasing With Floodfilling
10 Creating raster objects Click the PixelDraw button on the WiseImage toolbar. From the rEdit menu choose PixelDraw. - or - Start the operation without selecting an image. Select an image you want to process using the dialog box. If you edit a monochrome image, then the following prompt appears: eXit/Undo/Width/Draw/Erase/dOts/Lines/Polylines/Freehand If you want to modify a line width, then choose the Width option and enter a new line width in AutoCAD units or measure it on screen, specifying two points.
Page 152: Rasterizing Vector Objects
WiseImage – User’s Guide Selecting an image to fill is performed using the following rule. If there is only one available (visible, placed on an unlocked layer) monochrome image, then the operation will be made on it. Otherwise you should select an image. You can select an image (as an AutoCAD object) before or using the selection dialog box after invoking the command.
Page 153 10 Creating raster objects Note that for some vector objects there is no sense in specifying the rasterization width. These objects are: solid, fill, and TrueType text. If you rasterize such objects, then you will obtain the corresponding filled raster objects. To setup rasterization parameters 1.
Page 154: Running Rasterization
WiseImage – User’s Guide Running Rasterization Rasterization creates raster copies of vector objects, which are inserted into selected raster images, lying underneath the rasterized objects. If you rasterize onto monochrome images, then the obtained raster objects always have the raster image foreground color.
Page 155: 11 Hybrid Editing Tools
11 Hybrid Editing Tools Searching and Replacing Raster and Vector Objects The search and replace operation can find vector or raster (monochrome and color) objects and replace them with any other vector or raster item. The operation can be applied to sets of vector objects. The search and replace operation is performed using the following dialog box.
Page 156 WiseImage – User’s Guide The SRTL tab allows to set and tune Symbol Recognition Template Library for current Search and Replace operation. Work with SRTL tab is similar to work with SRTL editor tool and is described in chapter "Tuning Symbol Recognition Template Library” on page 214.
Page 157 11 Hybrid Editing Tools Specify a base point of the selected vector set. When replacing, the base point of the replacing object is matched to the base point of the found object. 4. If you intend to replace the objects found, then place the raster selection or vector objects in the Replace With box.
Page 158 WiseImage – User’s Guide 2. If a raster object is used as a sample for searching and there are several available (visible, placed on unlocked layers) monochrome images in the drawing, then the selection dialog box appears. Select an image you want to run the Search-Replace procedure on.
Page 159: Raster Snap
11 Hybrid Editing Tools Find Next Click this button and the found item will be skipped To modify position or the size of the replacing object, use the following buttons: Move. Specify a new position for the replacement object’s base point. Scale.
Page 160: Setting Raster Snap
WiseImage – User’s Guide The program highlights with a color marker the point, to which the snap is supposed to be made. If you hold the cursor over the object, then a tooltip with the current snap mode name appears at the point. For each snap type a special marker is used.
Page 161 11 Hybrid Editing Tools The following dialog box appears: The raster snap is only influenced by three parameters of the Options tab: Max Width, Max Break and Approximation Accuracy. Max Width This parameter defines the maximum width of raster objects that the raster snap deals with.
Page 162: Raster Snap Modes
WiseImage – User’s Guide The program defines the Max Width value equal to the length of the part of the line that crosses the raster line. To measure Max Break on an image 1. Click the button next to the Max Break box. 2.
Page 163: Running Raster Snap Modes
11 Hybrid Editing Tools Running Raster Snap Modes The running raster snap modes are specified with the AutoCAD command. You can use both raster and vector snaps simultaneously; both the points of vector objects and those of raster objects are snapped. The snap to a raster has lower priority.
Page 164: 12 Tracing
12 Tracing This chapter describes tracing tools of WiseImage – an interactive procedure that allows you to vectorize any type of raster image, and also to smooth or to delete monochrome raster objects. Tracing is based on the technology of local recognition of geometrical raster entities.
Page 165: Selecting An Image For Tracing
WiseImage – User’s Guide Selecting an Image for Tracing Selecting an image for tracing is performed using the following rules. If there is only one available (visible, placed on an unlocked layer) image in the drawing, then the operation will be performed on it. Otherwise you should select an image. You can select an image (as an AutoCAD object) before starting the command, or later using the selection dialog box.
Page 166: Forced Tracing
12 Tracing When tracing a raster line by picking, the program determines its type (line, arc or circle) and tries to trace the object to the greatest possible extent. The intersections of an entity with other objects are ignored, and the set of points representing the object is extended as long as the form of the raster object matches the recognized entity.
Page 167: Forced Tracing
WiseImage – User’s Guide The procedure of first choosing Select Auto, and then a model is convenient if you trace the majority of objects in automatic mode and trace some objects by models, for example, distorted objects, that would not be recognized by auto recognition. Forced Tracing Forced tracing allows you to replace raster objects with vector ones of a specified type.
Page 168: Trace Hatch
12 Tracing 2. After the line has been recognized, the command completes. To trace an arc 1. Run tracing using one of the following methods: On the Raster to Vector toolbar click Trace Arc button. -or- From the rConvert menu select a tracing mode, and then Arc. If some available raster images are inserted into the picture, then the selection dialog box appears.
Page 169: Tracing Outline
WiseImage – User’s Guide To trace a hatch 1. Run tracing using one of the following methods: On the Raster to Vector toolbar click the Trace Hatch button. -or- From the rConvert menu select a tracing mode, and then Hatch. If several available raster images are inserted into a picture, then a selection dialog box appears.
Page 170: Tracing Polylines (Linefollow)
12 Tracing This command performance is influenced by Export single contour checkbox in Trace tab of Conversion options dialog (see page 188). The black figure was traced with Export The black figure was traced with Export single contour checkbox off. The result single contour checkbox on.
Page 171 WiseImage – User’s Guide When tracing raster polylines you can also use the orthogonalization mode. It allows you to align obtained line segments by the base angle. In the orthogonalization mode the program will generate a vector polyline consisting of segments perpendicular and parallel to the direction specified by you or automatically calculated by the program.
Page 172 12 Tracing The next prompt appears: Point/Direction<Point> 2. Pick any point on the raster line. Starting from this point, WiseImage traces the selected raster line in both directions until in meets the two nearest intersections or breaks. The program automatically determines the tracing direction. The rubber line is stretched from the mouse cursor indicating the current tracing direction.
Page 173 WiseImage – User’s Guide After you have indicated one or several points, setting the initial tracing parameters, the following prompt appears in the command line: [Direction/Backstep/backSegment/drawLine/pan2Center/Redraw/exit/caNcel]<Next point or ENTER to eXit>: 3. To trace the next part of the raster line in the current direction, indicate a point on it.
Page 174: Tracing Raster Symbols
12 Tracing But if you know that the raster line has another form, using the drawLine option you can draw the missing parts, as the figure illustrates. 4. Repeat step 3 until you complete tracing a raster line. To correct a mistake use the Backstep and backSegment options. The first option cancels generation of all polyline segments obtained at the last tracing step, and the second option enables to cancel generation of polyline segments, obtained during polyline tracing.
Page 175 WiseImage – User’s Guide To trace a raster symbol 1. On the Raster to vector toolbar click the Trace symbol button. 2. Indicate a point on the raster symbol. The raster symbol tracing is illustrated in these figures. The original raster symbol and the indication point are shown on the left.
Page 176: Tracing Modes
12 Tracing Tracing modes The tracing mode defines an operation made on the original raster object and the produced vector object. Tracing works on all types of images – monochrome, gray-scale, and color. When working on color and gray-scale images, tracing is only used for interactive vectorization - to create vector objects approximating raster lines.
Page 177: Produce Vector And Erase Raster
WiseImage – User’s Guide Produce Vector and Erase Raster This mode creates approximating vector objects and removes the traced parts of raster lines. To turn on Produce Vector and Erase Raster Click the button on the Raster to Vector toolbar, or from the rConvert menu, select Vector (erase raster), and then specify the submenu item corresponding to the traced object.
Page 178 12 Tracing Click the button on the Raster to Vector toolbar or from the rConvert menu select Smooth raster, and then specify the submenu item appropriate to the traced object. Tracing effect in Smooth Raster mode Tuning Tracing You can control the tuning of the tracing procedure using the Conversion Options dialog box.
Page 179 WiseImage – User’s Guide The Options tab of Conversion Options dialog. Specify the new parameters by entering values or measuring with a ruler on the image, and then click OK.
Page 180: Tracing Parameters Description
12 Tracing Tracing Parameters Description The Options tab Parameter Description Min Length This parameter defines the size of the minimum raster object that can be recognized. Max Width This parameter defines the maximum width of raster lines that can be approximated by lines, arcs, circles, and polylines. If the width of a raster line exceeds Max Width, then the only possible mode is Auto tracing and approximating with an outline object.
Page 181 WiseImage – User’s Guide Parameter Description Base angle Ÿ Enter an angle specifying the base direction of orthogonalization. - or – Ÿ Click the button at the box name and specify two points on the image. The angle value between the line connecting these points and the axis X will be shown in the Base angle.
Page 182 12 Tracing The Table describes the parameters of the Trace tab. Parameter Description Line Follow If this option is on, then the line following tracing automatically Orthogonalization aligns segments of created polylines perpendicular to each other. All segments become either perpendicular or parallel with the base angle.
Page 183: Controlling Properties Of Created Objects
WiseImage – User’s Guide Parameter Description Auto Extend This feature simplifies forced selection and tracing of arcs and vectors lines. While recognizing a line you can click two arbitrary points on it; and WiseImage automatically extends the resulting line to its endpoints.
Page 184 12 Tracing Separate Tab Parameter Description Use table If this checkbox is off, then the program assigns to objects the specified values of AutoCAD color and layer properties, the weight of objects’ lines is set according to the widths of the appropriate raster lines.
Page 185 WiseImage – User’s Guide In this case you need to create ranges from 0 to 0.33 and from 0.33 up to Max Width. Then you can set widths, colors and layers for the created intervals and check out the operation of vectorization or tracing tools with the use of the obtained width table (with the Use the table checkbox on).
Page 186 12 Tracing You can modify boundaries of all intervals except the highest and the lowest, which always have the values Max Width and 0 respectively. Changing the boundary of one interval affects boundary of an adjacent interval. If you set the upper value of a boundary to be greater than the upper value of an adjacent interval, then this interval will be deleted.
Page 187 WiseImage – User’s Guide Indicate the left (lower) interval boundary on the width ruler and drag it to the left across the boundary of the nearest interval – the adjacent interval will be merged, and the created interval will be assigned a new lower boundary. If you drag it across the right (upper) interval boundary, then the interval will be also deleted.
Page 188: Saving Width Table Settings
12 Tracing be assigned the specified color. If you choose the Current value the objects of the specified interval will be created with the current AutoCAD color. To assign a color to an interval Click on the width table line corresponding to the required interval; click the Color column in the list.
Page 189: 13 Vectorization
13 Vectorization Automatic vectorization is a procedure for generating vector objects from original raster images. There are two types of vectorization: recognition of raster entities and approximation of raster objects. The vectorization algorithms of the first type search for raster image fragments, which can be represented as basic geometrical AutoCAD entities, and create appropriate vector objects.
Page 190: Recognition Tab
WiseImage – User’s Guide Specify required parameters, then click OK. Recognition tab From this tab you can select a set of algorithms to be used for raster image vectorization. To vectorize raster images of different types, you need to use various sets of AutoCAD entities.
Page 191: Options Tab
13 Vectorization The vectorization process is directly influenced by the setting of the geometrical parameters of recognition, which are located in the Options tab of this dialog box. Points This algorithm is intended for recognizing elevations marks on geodesic plans and similar images.
Page 192 WiseImage – User’s Guide determined by the Approximating parameter. The lower this value, the larger the deviation can be. Arcs and Circles Turns on the algorithm for recognizing raster circles and arcs. The figure shows the results of vectorization with using Lines and Arcs and Circles.
Page 193: Texts Tab
13 Vectorization polyline. The longer segments are not added to the polyline. This allows you, for example, to trace on maps curved isolines that are crossed by coordinate lines; the algorithm automatically stops on intersections of traced isoline with long straight line of grid.
Page 194: Options Tab
WiseImage – User’s Guide chapter Polylines - approximates central lines of the raster text strings with polylines. Outlines - approximates boundaries of the raster text strings by outline polylines. OCR - recognizes raster text strings and creates AutoCAD text objects. The text style used for creation of these text objects is selected from the WiseImage tab of the Options dialog box of the AutoCAD system.
Page 195 13 Vectorization These parameter values are entered in AutoCAD units. You can enter parameter values from the keyboard or measure their values on the screen. To measure parameters value on the screen Click on the button near the appropriate input box in dialog ( Specify two points on the image.
Page 196: Texts Tab
WiseImage – User’s Guide Max Break Sets the maximum accepted length of raster lines ignored break. If a segment (arc) on the image is broken in two parts and you want to vectorize this segment (arc) as an entire vector object, specify the value of the parameter greater than the distance between two these parts.
Page 197 13 Vectorization The most complicated operation is the raster text recognition using either the built-in module of texts recognition (OCR) or an additional module form a third-party. The WiseImage OCR module recognizes raster texts and creates WiseImage Pro text objects. In addition height and rotation angle of the created texts are calculated. Standard shipment contains two files of OCR characters templates (DEFAULT.OCR and CYRILLIC.OCR), using which the program recognizes the characters of the English alphabet, digits, punctuation marks and special characters (the first half of...
Page 198 WiseImage – User’s Guide Here is a formal description of the word pattern definition: " [% [length] character type] || [letter]] … " Beginning of character sequence definition [length] Any decimal number; absent if length is variable [type] Character type (D,E,e,N,n,S) [letter] Standalone letter Symbol type is specified in the following way:...
Page 199: Training Ocr
13 Vectorization To add a height value 1. Enter a new height value in the edit box. 2. Click the Add button. To delete a height value 1. Select a value from the edit box. 2. Click the Delete button. Character template libraries Specifies a file of character template libraries, which is used on recognition.
Page 200 WiseImage – User’s Guide During the learning process, WiseImage creates templates (topological models) of text characters and places them in the open character template library. You can replace any template in the existing library with your own one. Several templates can correspond to one text character.
Page 201 13 Vectorization Before beginning the training, open the Training OCR dialog box and load the existing library or open a new one. To create a new character template 1. Enter a character in Symbol. 2 Select the raster symbol related to the specified character with one of the selection tools.
Page 202 WiseImage – User’s Guide You can either turn off templates – in this case they will not be used for recognition, or delete them. To delete a character template 1. Select a template. 2. Click the Delete button.
Page 203: Editing Recognized Texts
13 Vectorization Editing recognized texts The WiseImage OCR checks and highlights by bounding rectangles all created vector texts to enable you to review and edit the texts using a special procedure. The edited (or entering a new) text object can be accepted. The acceptance of the recognized text removes checkmark and excludes it from texts that require editing.
Page 204: Using Ocr Professional (Optional)
WiseImage – User’s Guide To move a text string, press the Move button and specify a new position for the text insertion point. To modify the text height, press the Modify height button and specify on the screen or enter a new value of text height on the command line. If you accept the edited text, then press the Accept button.
Page 205 13 Vectorization New tab OCR Pro Changes in Recognition tab Choosing the rConvert > OCR Pro command opens the following dialog window. Options Auto, Matrix Printer, Typewriter and Handprint represent different algorithms of text recognition. Turning on Analyze Layout adds the ability to recognize text strings that are not oriented horizontally.
Page 206: Setting Up Symbol Recognition Options
WiseImage – User’s Guide Setting Up Symbol Recognition Options The procedures of selection, tracing, and automatic vectorization of raster characters are based on the algorithms of raster character recognition by vector templates. Raster symbols can be rotated and scaled in relation to the sample symbol saved in the template;...
Page 207 13 Vectorization Symbol tab The table provides the description of symbol recognition parameters. Parameter Description Srtl path Defines the path to Symbol Recognition Template Library file which stores symbol templates and the information on what symbols should be found and with what they should be replaced. Strategy Defines the strategy used for symbol recognition.
Page 208: Tuning Symbol Recognition Template Library
WiseImage – User’s Guide Tuning Symbol Recognition Template Library The Symbol Recognition Template Library (SRTL) – is a library of symbol templates that is used for symbol recognition and replacing in tracing, automatic vectorization, object selecting and also in Search and Replace as alternative method. The procedures of selection, tracing and automatic vectorization of raster symbols are based on algorithms of raster symbol recognition by vector patterns.
Page 209 13 Vectorization The left part of the dialog box displays the contents of the current template library. This box shows the topological tree of Replace and Search templates. Collapsed Replace items are marked with "+". Open a set of Search items related to the Replace item by clicking on "+".
Page 210 WiseImage – User’s Guide button and specify name for .SRT file in the appeared Save dialog. Use the Open button to open existing library and the New button to create a new one. Þ Since libraries are stored in separate files, these can be deleted and copied, using standard operating system tools.
Page 211 13 Vectorization The figure illustrates a symbol template where the connecting lines are worth adding An arbitrary number of connecting lines can be specified. If the connecting lines are set in the symbol template, then only those symbols will be retrieved which have raster straight lines similar to the symbol’s, with the same points and at the same angles, as on the template;...
Page 212 WiseImage – User’s Guide Click the Select Connection Lines button. Click in the right dialog window on those symbol template objects, which should be the connecting lines. The connecting line is highlighted with red color. If the object is assigned by a line of connection by mistake, then click on it once more to deselect.
Page 213: Running Vectorization
13 Vectorization Save As Saves the library in a new *.SRT file. Select Connection Lines Allows to select connecting lines in the symbol template window of the dialog (useful only for vector template of Search item). Add Search Item Attaches Search item to the specified Replace item. The Replace item must be selected beforehand in the topological tree of the dialog.
Page 214: Automatic Color Vectorization
WiseImage – User’s Guide Select the images you want to process from the selection dialog box. For more detailed information on the selection procedure see “Selecting Several Images” on page 20. The vector objects will appear on top of the original raster. 4.
Page 215 13 Vectorization Switch off the Show Vectors button of this dialog and switch on the Show Raster button Move the Radius slider to its minimum position (equal to 4). Gradually increase the Threshold value until the required objects appear. Use the Smoothing filter if the objects have rough borders. Þ...
Page 216 WiseImage – User’s Guide Smoothing Select this checkbox to smooth the image. The Smoothing slider controls the smooth level. Moving this slider right makes the smooth level higher while moving left makes it lower. Export Raster Switch on this checkbox to obtain a monochrome raster to Layer image or to preview the binarization results.
Page 217 13 Vectorization Visually check the quality of the recognized objects, their color and degree of conformity to the raster image. Re-customize parameters if necessary. To see lines of different colors on separate layers, switch on the Separate by color checkbox. Set the color Number value (usually 1-2 colors more than the real number).
Page 218 WiseImage – User’s Guide Output color Specify a color for the vectorized polyline set. column Step4 Click the Apply button to start vectorization or save the parameters to a file for further use. Þ Vectorization can also be launched with current settings through the Raster to Vector command (chose the Raster to Vector from rConvert menu or click the button on the Raster to Vector toolbar).
Page 219: 14 Vector Correction
14 Vector Correction Vector auto correction This procedure is intended for automatic correction of automatic and semi- automatic vectorization (tracing) results. It processes such vector objects as lines, arcs, and circles. After applying Auto correction it is also recommended to apply manual vector correction, if needed.
Page 220 WiseImage – User’s Guide The following dialog appears: Turn on the Restore Tangents checkbox to restore the contact of lines with arcs. Before applying Restore Tangents Result of the Autocorrect command...
Page 221 14 Vector Correction Turn on the Merge Vectors checkbox to “stick together” vector fragments into one object. The lower figure shows the result of applying Merge for these three lines. Turn on the Remove Small checkbox if automatic vectorization created some vector speckles –...
Page 222: Automatic Polylines Correction
WiseImage – User’s Guide Choose Vector Autocorrect from the rConvert menu. Example of auto correction of vectorization results In this example the Autocorrection command expands and trims selected vectors by correcting their intersections. Automatic polylines correction This command is designed to correct polylines mainly produced as a result of automatic vectorization or tracing.
Page 223 14 Vector Correction Remove Small Segments Consolidates polyline nodes connected with a segment which is smaller or equal to the parameter value shown in Minimal Size to remove. A larger value causes the more distant nodes to consolidate into one. This type of correction allows elimination of overlapped and surplus segments.
Page 224 WiseImage – User’s Guide This type of correction can be used for removal of small vector trash that has appeared as a result of automatic vectorization Kill Internal Objects If this checkbox is set, then during the correction the objects located inside the uncrossed closed polylines will be deleted.
Page 225 14 Vector Correction Combine Closest Polygons Combines closed polylines (polygons), located closer to each other than the maximum size parameter value, into one object. Make Orthogonal Segment This changes a polyline segment to be orthogonal with another. Set the angle value directly in the ‘base angle’ parameter or allow the application to calculate the angle automatically.
Page 226: Index
WiseImage – User’s Guide Index 4-coupling filter....116 SCALE......146 4-Point Correction ....51 TRANSFORM ..... 146 8-coupling filter....116 AutoCorrect ....36, 51 Accuracy ......213 Autocorrection ....225 calibration....... 65 Automatic colour estimation ....... 58 vectorization....220 searching ...... 161 Automatic deskewing ..
Page 227 Index Calibration entity....33 raster to vector..128, 170, Calibration grid .... 59, 66 189, 196 Calibration methods..55, 63 Conversion to RGB, gayscale, Calibration pairs ....55 8-bit indexed ....71 Center Copying options ....39 linefollowing tracing..176 Correct snap mode.....
Page 228 WiseImage – User’s Guide Color Separation... 105 Direction of linefollowing Conversion Options ..142, tracing......176 165, 183, 186, 189, 190, Dots, pixel drawing ..155 Error! Not a valid DPI ........37 bookmark in entry on Drawing page 191, 196, 200, 202, closing......
Page 229 Index selecting by fence ..137 Freehand pixel drawing ..155 selecting within window136 Gamma ......76 trace polyline ....176 Gamma Correction..... 78 Example of Geometric Distortions ..41 autocorrection of GIS ......22, 176 vectorization results .. 228 Grayscale images ....88 calibration.......
Page 230 WiseImage – User’s Guide loading......29 Line widths managing ......22 rounding....... 192 merging ......144 Linear conformal method ... 64 Linefollowing .. 131, 132, 135, moving ......146 resizing ......146 136, 175 selection ......19 Lineweight ....156, 188 unloading......
Page 231 Index Produce Vector and Erase tracing ......174 Raster ....... 182 auto ......176 Smooth Raster without Vector Producing ..182 in Preview Window..17 Modes Paper Formats of selection composition125 changing......34 tracing ......181 folder......34 Monochrome filters ..109 Paper Size .....26, 43 Monochrome images ..
Page 232 WiseImage – User’s Guide Produce Vector and Keep Raster Selection Raster mode....181 color....... 33 Prompt.. 25, 26, 127, 129, 133, composition procedure . 125 155, 156, 171, 177, 178, Raster selection set... 144 Raster Snap Properties of calibration object marker......
Page 233 Index Rotating......37, 48 using clipping boundary . 30 within window methods136 Rounding line widths..192 Rubbersheeting....55 Selection Running Object Snaps ..166 composing modes..125 Saturation ..... 75, 88 tuning... 132, 133, 134, 140, Saving AutoCAD drawings ..31 Selection set transfoming .
Page 234 WiseImage – User’s Guide Steps of tracing....176 tuning......202 Storing Raster Images..37 Threshold by Grey ..... 89 Strategy of symbol recognition Threshold by RGB ..... 89 ........213 Threshold in Smoothing filter Surface Splines method ..64 ........113 Symbol Recognition Template Threshold tab .....
Page 235 Index width table....189 running......219 Type Recognition....133 tuning......195 Undoing and Redoing ..31 Vertex .......187, 198 Vertical orientation..203 Units of measurement ..23 Unloading Raster Images..29 Viewing ......17 Unselecting all....126 Visibility .....19, 101 Unsharp Mask filter ....

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Autodesk 00126-050008-1620A - Autocad 2006 Essentials User Manual

Contents

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Requirements and Licensing

3 Basics

4 Operations with Images

5 Calibrating Raster Images

6 Color Correction and Color Filtration

7 Binarization and Color Separation

8 Filtering Monochrome Images

9 Working with Raster Selection

10 Creating Raster Objects

11 Hybrid Editing Tools

12 Tracing

13 Vectorization

14 Vector Correction

Index

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Summary of Contents for Autodesk 00126-050008-1620A - Autocad 2006 Essentials