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Moxa Technologies ioPAC 8020-C Series User Manual

Moxa Technologies ioPAC 8020-C Series User Manual

Programmable rtu controller
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Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers
User's Manual
Third Edition, June 2012
www.moxa.com/product
© 2012 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.

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Summary of Contents for Moxa Technologies ioPAC 8020-C Series

  • Page 1 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User’s Manual Third Edition, June 2012 www.moxa.com/product © 2012 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Page 2: Copyright Notice

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User’s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement. Copyright Notice © 2012 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    I/O and Communication Module Installation ................... 2-2 Installing the RTU Controller on a DIN-Rail .................... 2-3 ioPAC 8020-C Series ........................2-3 Removing ioPAC 8020-C Series from the DIN-Rail ..............2-4 ioLogik W5348-C Series ....................... 2-4 Grounding the RTU Controller ....................... 2-4 ioPAC 8020-C Series ........................
  • Page 4 Updating the Time Automatically ....................3-7 Executing Scheduled Commands with Cron Daemon ................3-7 Managing Communications ....................... 4-1 Telnet/FTP ............................4-2 Enabling the Telnet/FTP Server ..................... 4-2 Disabling the Telnet/FTP Server ....................4-2 DNS ..............................4-2 Web Service—Apache .......................... 4-3 Installing PHP for Apache Web Server ....................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    The following topics are covered in this chapter:  Overview  Software Architecture  Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)  Software Package  Available Products  ioPAC 8020-C Series  ioLogik W5348-C Series  Product Specifications  ioPAC 8020 Series  ioLogik W5348 Series...

  • Page 6: Overview

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction Overview The Moxa C programmable RTU controller uses the Moxa ART RISC CPU. The RISC architecture and advanced semiconductor technology provide the RTU controller with a powerful computing engine and communication functions without generating a lot of heat. A 32 MB NOR Flash ROM, 64 MB on-board SDRAM, and an SD socket provide enough memory for you to install application software and store data directly on the RTU controller.

  • Page 7: Journaling Flash File System (Jffs2)

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2) The Root File System and User directory in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2). The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory. This operation is transparent to users.

  • Page 8: Available Products

    Glibc(V2.2.5) POSIX standard C library Available Products ioPAC 8020-C Series ioPAC 8020-5-M12-C-T: ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual M12 Ethernet LAN ports and 5 I/O slots, C programming capability, -40 to 75°C operating temperature ioPAC 8020-5-RJ45-C-T: ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual RJ45 Ethernet LAN ports and 5 I/O slots, C programming capability, -40 to 75°C operating temperature...

  • Page 9: Product Specifications

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction Product Specifications ioPAC 8020 Series Computer CPU: ARM9 based CPU, 32-bit/160 MHz OS: Linux Clock: Real-time clock with battery backup SDRAM: 64 MB Flash: 32 MB SD™ Slot: Up to 32 GB (SD 2.0 compatible) Note: For units operating in extreme temperatures, industrial grade, wide-temperature SD cards are required.

  • Page 10: Iologik W5348 Series

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction Freefall: IEC 60068-2-32 Vibration: IEC 60068-2-6 Rail Traffic: EN 50155, EN 50121-3-2, EN 50121-4 Green Product: RoHS, CRoHS, WEEE Note: Please check Moxa’s website for the most up-to-date certification status. MTBF (mean time between failure) Time: 690,214 hrs Database: Telcordia (Bellcore) Warranty...
  • Page 11 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction I/O Mode: Voltage / Current Input Range: 0 to 10 V, ±10 V, ±5 V, 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA Accuracy: • ±0.1% FSR @ 25°C • ±0.3% FSR @ -30 and 70°C Sampling Rate (all channels): •...
  • Page 12 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Introduction Operating Temperature: Standard Models: -10 to 55°C (14 to 131°F) Wide Temp. Models: ioLogik W5348-HSDPA-C: -20 to 70°C (-4 to 158°F) Storage Temperature: -40 to 85°C (-40 to 185°F) Ambient Relative Humidity: 5 to 95% (non-condensing) Standards and Certifications Safety: UL 508, EN 60950-1, NCC EMI:...

  • Page 13: Getting Started

    The following topics are covered in this chapter:  I/O and Communication Module Installation  Installing the RTU Controller on a DIN-Rail  ioPAC 8020-C Series  ioLogik W5348-C Series  Grounding the RTU Controller  ioPAC 8020-C Series ...

  • Page 14: I/O And Communication Module Installation

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started I/O and Communication Module Installation The 5 I/O modules and single communication module may be selected for installation on the ioPAC 8020 system; all modules may be hot-swapped, allowing for convenient installation/removal at anytime. Care should be taken before installing the modules: 1.

  • Page 15: Installing The Rtu Controller On A Din-Rail

    Getting Started Installing the RTU Controller on a DIN-Rail ioPAC 8020-C Series The aluminum DIN-rail attachment plate should already be fixed to the back panel of the ioPAC 8020-C when you take it out of the box. If you need to reattach the DIN-rail attachment plate to the ioPAC 8020-C, make sure the spring-loaded bracket is situated towards the bottom, as shown in the following figures.

  • Page 16: Removing Iopac 8020-C Series From The Din-Rail

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Removing ioPAC 8020-C Series from the DIN-Rail To remove the ioPAC 8020-C from the DIN-rail, use a screwdriver to push down the spring-loaded bracket until it locks in place, as shown in the diagram to the right. Next, rotate the bottom of the switch upwards and then remove the switch from the DIN-rail.

  • Page 17: Iopac 8020-C Series

    It takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up. Once the system is ready, the Ready LED will light up. Power Terminal Block for ioLogik W5348-C Series Power Terminal Block for ioPAC 8020-C Series...

  • Page 18: Led Indicators

    The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is ready. ATTENTION This product is intended to be supplied by a Listed Power Unit with output marked “LPS” and rated for 12 to 36 VDC, 1.2A (minimum requirements) LED Indicators ioPAC 8020-C Series Mark Function Description Power...

  • Page 19: Serial Console

    To use the serial console, remove the cover from the front and top panel first, and attach the 4-pin serial console cable to the console port. Console Port for the ioPAC 8020-C Series Serial Console Port Console Port for the ioLogik W5348-C Series...
  • Page 20 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started STEP 2: Install the Moxa PComm Lite to the host Windows PC. STEP 3: Run the PComm Lite Terminal Emulator from Start\Programs\PComm Lite Ver 1.x\Terminal Emulator. STEP 4: Click on Profile\Open. STEP 5: Specify the COM port that is connecting the RTU controller, and configure the settings to 115,200, 8, none, and 1.

  • Page 21: Telnet Console

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Telnet Console It will be easy to use the system embedded command “telnet” to connect the RTU controller via network connection. The default IP address and Netmask are given below: Default IP Address Netmask LAN 1 192.168.127.254...

  • Page 22: Ssh Console

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started SSH Console The RTU controller supports an SSH console to provide users with better security options. Windows Users Click on the link http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html to download PuTTY (free software) to set up an SSH console for the Moxa RTU in a Windows environment. The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required.

  • Page 23: Installing Rtuadmin

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Installing RTUAdmin Insert the Document and Software CD into the host computer. In the Software\utility\RTUAdmin\RTUAdminSetup directory of the CD, locate and run SETUP.EXE. The installation program will guide you through the installation process and install the ioAdmin utility. After the installation is finished, run ioAdmin from the Windows Start menu.

  • Page 24: Menu Bar

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Menu Bar The Menu bar has four items: File, System, Sort, and Help. File Use the File\Exit to close the RTUAdmin. System a. Auto Search: Searches for Moxa RTU controllers on the local network. b.

  • Page 25: Sync Rate Status

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Sync Rate Status Indicates the period that RTUAdmin has been launched. Status Bar Displays the current time. Configuring the Ethernet Interface The network settings of the Moxa C programming RTU controller can be modified with the serial console port, or online over the network.

  • Page 26: Adding A Default Gateway

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started #/etc/init.d/networking restart NOTE After changing the IP settings, use the networking restart command to activate the new IP address. Users must modify the /etc/network/interfaces to store the new settings. Using commands such as #ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 WILL NOT save the settings to the flash memory.

  • Page 27: Installing The Tool Chain (Linux)

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Installing the Tool Chain (Linux) The Linux Operating System must be pre-installed in the host PC before installing the RTU controller’s GNU Tool Chain. Fedora Core or compatible versions are recommended. The Tool Chain requires approximately 150 MB of hard disk space on your PC.

  • Page 28: Uploading And Running The "Hello" Program

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Users should see the following response: [root@localhost hello]# make /usr/local/arm-linux/bin/arm-linux-gcc –o hello-release hello.c /usr/local/arm-linux/bin/arm-linux-strip –s hello-release /usr/local/arm-linux/bin/arm-linux-gcc –ggdb -o hello-debug hello.c [root@localhost hello]# _ The hello-release and hello-debug are described as below: hello-release—An ARM platform executable file (created specifically to run on the Moxa RTU Controllers) hello-debug—An ARM platform GDB debug server execution file (see Chapter 5 for details) NOTE Since the Moxa’s tool chain places a specially designed Makefile in the directory /tmp/example/ hello, be...

  • Page 29: Managing The Rtu Controllers

    Managing the RTU Controllers This chapter includes information for version control, deployment, updates, and peripherals. The information in this chapter will be useful when users need to run the same application on several Moxa RTU controllers. The following topics are covered in this chapter: ...

  • Page 30: System Version Information

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers System Version Information To verify the hardware capability of the target RTU controller, and the supported software, check the version numbers of your Moxa RTU controller’s hardware, kernel, and user file system. Contact Moxa to verify the hardware version.

  • Page 31: Loading Factory Defaults

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers 3. In Moxa RTU Controller’s console, perform the following commands to use the built-in FTP client to retrieve the firmware file (xxxx.hfm) from the host PC to the RTU controller: /mnt/ramdisk# ftp <remote FTP Server’s IP> Login Name: xxxx Login Password: xxxx ftp>...
  • Page 32 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers httpd Apache WWW Server daemon Perform the command “ps -ef” to list all the running processes. 192.168.127.254 - PuTTY root@Moxa:~# cd /etc root@Moxa:/etc# ps –ef VmSize Stat Command 1 root 532 S init [3] 2 root SWN [ksoftirqd/0]...

  • Page 33: Setting The Run-Level

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers The following diagram shows how to edit the last line of the rc.local to activate the complied example “tcps2-release”, and run in the background. 192.168.127.254 - PuTTY # !/bin/sh if [ -f /home/autoexec.sh ]; then /home/autoexec.sh # Add the new daemons or programs starting from the next line /home/tcps2-release &~...

  • Page 34: Adjusting The System Time

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually The Moxa C programming RTU controller has two time settings. One is the system time, and the other is the RTC (Real Time Clock) time kept by the RTU controller’s hardware. Use the #date command to query the current system time or set a new system time.

  • Page 35: Updating The Time Automatically

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers 10.120.53.100 - PuTTY root@Moxa:~# date ; hwclock Sat Jan 1 00:00:36 CST 2000 Sat Jan 1 00:00:37 2000 -0.772941 seconds root@Moxa:~# ntpdate time.stdtion.gov.tw 9 Dec 10:58:53 ntpdate[207]: step time server 220.130.158.52 offset 155905087.984256 root@Moxa:~# hwclock –w root@Moxa:~# date ;...
  • Page 36 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers user command hour date month week user command 0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6 (0 is Sunday) The following example demonstrates how to use Cron. How to use Cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8:00. STEP1: Write a shell script named fixtime.sh and save it to /home/.

  • Page 37: Managing Communications

    Managing Communications In this chapter, it explains how to configure the RTU controller’s communication functions. The following topics are covered in this chapter:  Telnet/FTP  Enabling the Telnet/FTP Server  Disabling the Telnet/FTP Server  DNS  Web Service—Apache ...

  • Page 38: Telnet/Ftp

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Telnet/FTP The Telnet and FTP Server service is enabled by default on the RTU controller. To enable or disable the Telnet/ftp server, users need to edit the file /etc/inetd.conf. Enabling the Telnet/FTP Server The following example shows the default content of the file /etc/inetd.conf.

  • Page 39: Web Service-Apache

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Web Service—Apache The Apache web server’s main configuration file is /etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf, with the default homepage located at /home/httpd/htdocs/index.html. Save the customized homepage to the following directory: /home/httpd/htdocs/ Save the customized CGI page to the following directory: /home/httpd/cgi-bin/ Before modifying the homepage, use a browser from the host PC to perform a test to see if the Apache Web Server is working.

  • Page 40: Installing Php For Apache Web Server

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Installing PHP for Apache Web Server The Moxa C programming RTU controller supports the PHP option. However, since the PHP file is 3 MB, it is not installed by default. To install it, first make sure there is enough free space (at least 3 MB) on the target RTU controller’s flash ROM.
  • Page 41 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Step 3: Download the PHP package. Users can locate the package in Software and Document CD/Software/php/php.tgz 192.168.127.254 - PuTTY root@Moxa:/bin# cd /mnt/ramdisk root@Moxa:/mnt/ramdisk# ftp 192.168.127.130 Connected to 192.168.127.130. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.1) Name (192.168.127.130:root): root 331 Please specify the password.

  • Page 42: Iptables

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Step 5: Change directory to “php”. Run “install.sh” and select “Install PHP Package”. 192.168.127.254 - PuTTY root@Moxa:/mnt/ramdisk# cd php root@Moxa:/mnt/ramdisk/php# ./install.sh Press the number: 1. Install PHP package 2. Uninstall PHP package 3. Exit. Start to install PHP.
  • Page 43 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy. The Moxa C programming RTU controller supports the following sub-modules. Be sure to use the module that matches the real application. ip_conntrack ipt_MARK ipt_ah ipt_state ip_conntrack_ftp ipt_MASQUERADE ipt_esp ipt_tcpmss...

  • Page 44: Observe And Erase Chain Rules

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Use the lsmod command to check if the ip_tables module has already been loaded in the Moxa RTU unit. Use the modprobe command to insert and enable the module. Use the following command to load the modules (iptable_filter, iptable_mangle, iptable_nat): #modprobe iptable_filter NOTE IPTABLES plays the role of packet filtering or NAT.

  • Page 45: Append Or Delete Rules

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications POSTROUTING: To alter packets as they are about to be sent out. Examples: #iptables –P INPUT DROP #iptables –P OUTPUT ACCEPT #iptables –P FORWARD ACCEPT #iptables –t nat –P PREROUTING ACCEPT #iptables –t nat –P OUTPUT ACCEPT #iptables -t nat –P POSTROUTING ACCEPT In this example, the policy accepts outgoing packets and denies incoming packets.

  • Page 46: Nat

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications # iptables –A INPUT –i eth0 –p all –m mac -–mac-source 01:02:03:04:05:06 –j DROP NOTE: In Example 7, remember to issue the command #modprobe ipt_mac first to load module ipt_mac. NAT (Network Address Translation) protocol translates IP addresses used on one network to different IP addresses used on another network.

  • Page 47: Dial-Up Service-Ppp

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications # Edit the rc.local file to make this shell startup automatically. # vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local # Add a line in the end of rc.local /home/nat.sh EXIF=‘eth0’ # This is an external interface for setting up a valid IP address. EXNET=‘192.168.4.0/24’...

  • Page 48: Example 1: Connecting To A Ppp Server Over A Simple Dial-Up Connection

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Example 1: Connecting to a PPP Server over a Simple Dial-up Connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server by modem. Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name and password. Note that debug and default route 192.1.1.17 are optional. #pppd connect ‘chat -v “...

  • Page 49: Example 2: Connecting To A Ppp Server Over A Hard-Wired Link

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications defaultroute Once the PPP link is established, make it the default route; if you have a PPP link to the Internet, this is probably what you want. 192.1.1.17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x.x.x.x:y.y.y.y. Here x.x.x.x is the local IP address and y.y.y.y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection.

  • Page 50: Setting Up A Machine For Incoming Ppp Connections

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Try typing: netstat –nr It should show three routes, similar as the following: Kernel routing table Destination iface Gateway Genmask Flags Metric 129.67.1.165 ppp0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 0 lo 0.0.0.0 ppp0 129.67.1.165 0.0.0.0 6298...

  • Page 51: Ppp Over Cellular

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications 4. Edit the file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets and add the following: “username@hinet.net”*“password”* “username@hinet.net” is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account. “password” is the corresponding password for the account. 5.

  • Page 52: Nfs (Network File System)

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Create a pppd configuration “cellular-connect” at /etc/ppp/peers Perform the command #pppd call cellular-connect NFS (Network File System) The Network File System (NFS) is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine, as if it were on a local hard drive, allowing fast, seamless sharing of files across a network.

  • Page 53: Mail

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Mail smtpclient is a minimal SMTP client that takes an email message body and passes it on to an SMTP server. It is suitable for applications that use email to send alert messages or important logs to a specific user. NOTE Click on the following link for more information about smtpclient: http://www.engelschall.com/sw/smtpclient/...

  • Page 54: Setup 1: Ethernet Bridging For Private Networks On Different Subnets

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Setup 1: Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1. Set up four machines, as shown in the following diagram. Host A (B) represents one of the machines that belongs to OpenVPN A (B). The two remote subnets are configured for a different range of IP addresses.
  • Page 55 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications netmask ) NETMASK=$f2 broadcast ) BROADCAST=$f2 esac done break done < /etc/network/interfaces # get the ip address of the specified interface mname= module_up() oIFS=$IFS IFS=‘ ‘ FOUND=“no” for LINE in `lsmod` TOK=`echo $LINE | cut -d’ ‘ -f1` if [ “$TOK”...
  • Page 56 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications openvpn --mktun --dev tap${i} # connect tap device to the bridge brctl addif br0 tap${i} # null ip address of tap device ifconfig tap${i} 0.0.0.0 promisc up i=`expr $i + 1` if [ $i -ge $maxtap ]; then break done # null ip address of internal interface...
  • Page 57 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications exit 0 #---------------------------------- end ----------------------------- Run the shell command to start, stop, or restart the OpenVPN # sh /etc/openvpn/openvpn-bridge start # sh /etc/openvpn/openvpn-bridge stop # sh /etc/openvpn/openvpn-bridge restart 3. Create a configuration file named A-tap0-br.conf and an executable script file named A-tap0-br.sh on OpenVPN A.

  • Page 58: Setup 2: Ethernet Bridging For Private Networks On The Same Subnet

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Iface 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 eth0 Interface eth1 is connected to the bridging interface br0, to which device tap0 also connects, whereas the virtual device tun sits on top of tap0. This ensures that all traffic from internal networks connected to interface eth1 that come to this bridge write to the TAP/TUN device that the OpenVPN program monitors.

  • Page 59: Setup 3: Routed Ip

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Setup 3: Routed IP 1. Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram: 2. Create a configuration file named “A-tun.conf” and an executable script file named “A-tun. sh”. # point to the peer remote 192.168.8.174 dev tun secret /etc/openvpn/secrouter.key...
  • Page 60 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Note that the parameter “ifconfig” defines the first argument as the local internal interface and the second argument as the internal interface at the remote peer. Note that $5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file. Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file.

  • Page 61: Tool Chains For Application Development

    Tool Chains for Application Development In this chapter we describe how to install a tool chain on the host computer to develop user applications. In addition, the process for performing cross-platform development and debugging is also introduced. For clarity, the MOXA C Programming RTU controller is called a target system. The following topics are covered in this chapter: ...

  • Page 62: Linux Tool Chain

    The prefix is “i386-linux-” for x86 environments and “arm-linux-” for MOXA RTU controllers. For example, “gcc” is the native C compiler, whereas “arm-linux-gcc” is the cross C compiler for the ARM-based ioLogik W5348-C/ioPAC 8020-C series.

  • Page 63: On-Line Debugging With Gdb

    Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Tool Chains for Application Development Moxa provides cross compiler tools for the following native compilers. Simply add the “arm-linux-” prefix. Manages archives (static libraries) Assembler c++, g++ C++ compiler C preprocessor C compiler Debugger Linker Lists symbols from object files objcopy Copies and translates object files...

  • Page 64: Programmer's Guide

    Programmer's Guide This chapter includes important information for programmers. The following topics are covered in this chapter:  Flash Memory  C Library  APIs...

  • Page 65: Flash Memory

    2. Users can create the user file system on the host PC or the target platform and copy it to the ioLogik W5348-C series or the ioPAC 8020-C series. C Library The ioLogik W5348-C series and ioPAC 8020-C series both support control devices with Moxa APIs. Users will need to include libmoxa_pgm.h to use the following Moxa APIs. APIs...

  • Page 66: Software Lock

    Software Lock “Software Lock” is an innovative technology developed by Moxa. It can be adopted by a system integrator or developer to protect his applications from being copied. An application is compiled into a binary format bound to the embedded computer and the operating system (OS) that the application runs on. As long as one obtains it from the computer, he/she can install it into the same hardware and the same operating system.

  • Page 67: System Commands

    System Commands Linux normal command utility collection: File manager 1. cp copy file 2. ls list file 3. ln make symbolic link file 4. mount mount and check file system 5. rm delete file 6. chmod change file owner & group & user 7.
  • Page 68 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers System Commands 4. ifconfig set network ip address 5. tracerout trace route 6. tftp 7. telnet 8. ftp Process 1. kill kill process 2. ps display now running process Other 1. 3dmesg dump kernel log message 2.

  • Page 69: Module Specifications And Wiring

    Module Specifications and Wiring 16-channel 24 VDC Digital Input Module RM-1602-T: 16 digital inputs, 24 VDC, sink/source type Inputs per Module: 16 channels, sink/source type On-state Voltage: 24 VDC nominal, 10 VDC min. OFF-state Voltage: 0 to 3 VDC, 3 VDC max. Input Impedance: 3K ohms (typical) Common Type: 16 channels / 2 DI_COMs Response Time: 100 ms...
  • Page 70 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Module Specifications and Wiring 16-channel Digital Output Module RM-2600-T: 16 digital outputs, 24 VDC, sink type, 0.2 A Outputs er Module: 16 channels, 24 VDC, sink type Output Impedance: 120m ohms (typical) Off-state Resistance: 500K ohms (typical) Response Time: 100 ms Over Current Protection: 200 mA per channel Isolation: I/O to logic (photocoupler isolation)
  • Page 71 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Module Specifications and Wiring 8-channel Analog Input Module, 16-bit Resolution RM-3810-T: 8 analog inputs, 0 to 10 V, 16 bits Inputs per Module: 8 channels, differential Input Current Range: 0 to 10 VDC Input Impendence: > 10M ohms Resolution Range: 16 bits, 0.15 μA/bit Data Format: 16-bit integer (2’s complement) Accuracy:...

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