Moxa Technologies IA260 User Manual
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Moxa Technologies IA260 User Manual

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IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux
User's Manual
First Edition, January 2009
www.moxa.com/product
© 2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

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  • Page 1 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual First Edition, January 2009 www.moxa.com/product © 2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
  • Page 2 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Install PHP for Apache Web Server ..................4-5 IPTABLES ..........................4-7 NAT............................4-11 NAT Example ......................4-12 Enabling NAT at Bootup..................4-12 Dial-up Service—PPP......................4-13 PPPoE ............................ 4-16 NFS (Network File System)....................4-18 Setting up the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 as an NFS Client......4-18 Mail............................4-19...
  • Page 4 SNMP ............................ 4-19 OpenVPN..........................4-19 Chapter 5 Development Tool Chains ................5-1 Linux Tool Chain ........................5-2 Steps for Installing the Linux Tool Chain ..............5-2 Compilation for Applications ..................5-2 On-Line Debugging with GDB .................. 5-3 Chapter 6 Programmer’s Guide..................6-1 Flash Memory Map........................

  • Page 5: Chapter 1 Introduction

    Available features include two or four RS-232/422/485 serial ports, two 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port, CF socket for storage expansion, VGA output, two CAN bus ports (IA262 only) and USB host making the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 ideal for your embedded applications. The following topics are covered in this chapter:...

  • Page 6: Overview

    CF socket. The computers come in a compact, IP30 protected, industrial-strength rugged chassis. The DIN-Rail vertical form factor makes it easy to install the IA260/IA261/IA262 embedded computers in small cabinets. This space-saving feature also facilitates easy wiring, and makes the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 the best choice as front-end embedded controllers for industrial applications.

  • Page 7: Journaling Flash File System (Jffs2)

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Introduction The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s built-in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader, Linux Kernel, Root File System, and User directory partitions. In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System, the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 uses a specially designed Root File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use.

  • Page 8: Software Package

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Introduction Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system, this does not preclude the loss of data. The file system will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable. However, if the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next boot, but writes that have already been completed will not be affected.

  • Page 9: Chapter 2 Getting Started

    Getting Started Chapter 2 In this chapter, we explain how to connect the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260, how to turn on the power, how to get started programming, and how to use the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s other functions. The following topics are covered in this chapter:...

  • Page 10: Powering On The Ia260/Ia261/Ia262/Em-2260

    12-48 VDC, 580 mA (minimum requirements). Connecting the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 to a PC There are two ways to connect the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 to a PC: through the serial console port or via Telnet over the network. Or, you can use a monitor connected to the VGA output of the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 to connect directly to the computer.

  • Page 11: Telnet Console

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260. You should first modify your PC’s IP address and netmask so that your PC is on the same subnet as one of IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s two LAN ports. For example, if you connect to LAN 1, you can set your PC’s IP address to 192.168.3.126 and netmask to 255.255.255.0.

  • Page 12: Ssh Console

    When connecting to the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 over a LAN, you must configure your PC’s Ethernet IP address to be on the same subnet as the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 that you wish to contact. If you do not get connected on the first try, re-check the IP settings, and then unplug and re-plug the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s power cord.
  • Page 13 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Getting Started Linux Users From a Linux machine, use the “ssh” command to access the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s console utility via SSH. #ssh 192.168.3.127 Select yes to complete the connection. [root@bee_notebook root]# ssh 192.168.3.127 The authenticity of host ‘192.168.3.127 (192.168.3.127)’ can’t be established.

  • Page 14: Vga Console

    Login: root Password: root Configuring the Ethernet Interface The network settings of the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 can be modified with the Debug Port, or online over the network. Modifying Network Settings In this section, we use the serial console to configure the network settings of the target computer.

  • Page 15: Modifying Network Settings By Command

    Compat Flash (CF) memory card of additional memory space. The CF socket is located on the front panel of the IA260/IA261/IA262. To install a CF card, you must first power off, and then plug the CF card directly into the socket.

  • Page 16: Installing The Tool Chain (Linux)

    The Tool Chain requires approximately 1 GB of hard disk space on your PC. The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Tool Chain software is located on the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 CD. To install the Tool Chain, insert the CD into your PC and then issue the following commands: #mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom #sh /mnt/cdrom/tool-chain/linux/arm-linux_x.x.sh (where x.x indicates the version of...

  • Page 17: Compiling Hello.c

    ARM environment. If you type the #make command from within any other directory, Linux will use the x86 compiler (for example, cc or gcc). Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program Use the following commands to upload hello-release to the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 via FTP. 1. From the PC, type: #ftp 192.168.3.127...

  • Page 18: Managing Embedded Linux

    This chapter includes information about version control, deployment, updates, and peripherals. The information in this chapter will be particularly useful when you need to run the same application on several IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 units. The following topics are covered in this chapter:...

  • Page 19: System Version Information

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Embedded Linux System Version Information To determine the hardware capability of your IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260, and what kind of software functions are supported, check the version numbers of your IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s kernel, and user file system. Contact Moxa to determine the hardware version.
  • Page 20 1. Type the following commands to enable the RAM disk: #upramdisk #cd /mnt/ramdisk 2. Type the following commands to use the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s built-in FTP client to transfer the firmware file (ia260/ia261/ia262/em2260-x.x.x.hfm) from the PC to the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260: /mnt/ramdisk> ftp <destination PC’s IP>...
  • Page 21 200 Port command successful. 150 Opening data connection for ia260/ia261/ia262/em2260-x.x.x.hfm 226 Transfer complete. 13167772 bytes received in 2.17 secs (5925.8 kB/s) ftp> 3. Next, use the upgradehfm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system: #upgradehfm ia260/ia261/ia262/em2260-x.x.x.hfm...

  • Page 22: Loading Factory Defaults

    Enabling and Disabling Daemons The following daemons are enabled when the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 boots up for the first time. snmpd ..SNMP Agent daemon telnetd ..Telnet Server daemon and Client...
  • Page 23 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Embedded Linux To run a private daemon, you can edit the file rc.local, as follows: #cd /etc/rc.d #vi rc.local 192.168.3.127 – PuTTY root@Moxa:~# cd /etc/rc.d root@Moxa:/etc/rc.d# vi rc.local Next, use vi to open your application script. We use the example program tcps2-release, and put it to run in the background.

  • Page 24: Setting The Run-Level

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Setting the Run-Level In this section, we outline the steps you should take to set the Linux run-level and execute requests. Use the following command to enable or disable settings: 192.168.3.127 – PuTTY root@Moxa:/ect/rc.d/rc3.d# ls...

  • Page 25: Adjusting The System Time

    Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 has two time settings. One is the system time, and the other is the RTC (Real Time Clock) time kept by the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s hardware. Use the command to query the current system time or set a new system time. Use...

  • Page 26: Ntp Client

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Embedded Linux NTP Client The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 has a built-in NTP (Network Time Protocol) client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server. Use to update the system #ntpdate <server name>...

  • Page 27: Cron-Daemon To Execute Scheduled Commands

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Cron—Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands Start Cron from the directory . It will return immediately, so you don’t need to /etc/rc.d/rc.local start it with ‘&’ to run in the background. The Cron daemon will search for crontab files, which are named after /etc/cron.d/crontab...

  • Page 28: Chapter 4 Managing Communications

    Managing Communications Chapter 4 In this chapter, we explain how to configure the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s various communication functions. The following topics are covered in this chapter: Telnet / FTP Web Service—Apache Install PHP for Apache Web Server IPTABLES NAT Example Enabling NAT at Bootup Dial-up Service—PPP...

  • Page 29: Telnet / Ftp

    Disable the daemon by typing ‘#’ in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line. The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports DNS client (but not DNS server). To set up DNS client, you need to edit three configuration files: /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, and...

  • Page 30: Web Service-Apache

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Web Service—Apache The Apache web server’s main configuration file is , with the /etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf default homepage located at . Save your own homepage to the /home/httpd/htdocs/index.html following directory: /home/httpd/htdocs/ Save your CGI page to the following directory:...
  • Page 31 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications To open the default CGI page, type http://192.168.13.23/cgi-bin/test-cgi in your browser’s address box. NOTE The CGI function is enabled by default. If you want to disable the function, modify the file /etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf. When you develop your own CGI application, make sure your CGI file is executable.

  • Page 32: Install Php For Apache Web Server

    IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Install PHP for Apache Web Server This embedded computer supports the PHP option. However, since the PHP file is 3 MB, it is not installed by default. To install it yourself, first make sure there is enough free space (at least 3 MB) on your embedded flash ROM).
  • Page 33 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications If you want to uninstall PHP, follow steps 2 to 4 but select the uninstall option.

  • Page 34: Iptables

    A rule (such as a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table) is called a “target.” The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports 3 types of IPTABLES table: Filter tables, NAT tables, and Mangle tables: A. Filter Table—includes three chains: INPUT chain—filters all incoming traffic destined for the local host.
  • Page 35 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy. Incoming Packets Mangle Table PREROUTING Chain NAT Table PREROUTING Chain Local Host Other Host Packets Packets Mangle Table Mangle Table INPUT Chain FORWARD Chain Filter Table...
  • Page 36 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports the following sub-modules. Be sure to use the module that matches your application. ip_queue ipt_REDIRECT ipt_ah iptable_filter ip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_ecn iptable_mangle ipt_CLUSTERIP ipt_SAME ipt_iprange iptable_nat ipt_ECN ipt_TOS ipt_owner iptable_raw ipt_LOG...
  • Page 37 For packets coming into the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260. OUTPUT: For locally-generated packets. FORWARD: For packets routed out through the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260. PREROUTING: To alter packets as soon as they come in. POSTROUTING: To alter packets as they are about to be sent out.

  • Page 38: Nat

    Example 5: Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21. # iptables –A INPUT –i eth0 –p tcp --dport 21 –j DROP Example 6: Accept TCP packets from 192.168.0.24 to IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s port 137, 138, 139 # iptables –A INPUT –i eth0 –p tcp –s 192.168.0.24 --dport 137:139 –j ACCEPT Example 7: Log TCP packets that visit IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s port 25.

  • Page 39: Nat Example

    Enabling NAT at Bootup In most real world situations, you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 boots up. The following script is an example. #!/bin/bash # If you put this shell script in the /home/nat.sh # Remember to chmod 744 /home/nat.sh...

  • Page 40: Dial-Up Service-Ppp

    Modem / PPP access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s Ethernet port. Since PPP is a peer-to-peer system, the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 can also use PPP to link two networks (or a local network to the Internet) to create a Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • Page 41 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Double quotes—don’t wait for a prompt, but proceed with the following instead (note that you must include a space before the second quotation mark). ATDT5551212 Dial the modem, and proceed with the following.
  • Page 42 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications How to check the connection Once you’ve set up a PPP connection, there are some steps you can take to test the connection. First, type: /sbin/ifconfig (The file ifconfig may be located elsewhere, depending on your distribution.) You should be able to see all the network interfaces that are UP.

  • Page 43: Pppoe

    The following example does not check the username and password: pppd/dev/ttyM0 115200 crtscts modem 192.168.16.1:192.168.16.2 PPPoE 1. Connect IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross-over cable, HUB, or switch. 2. Log into the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 as the root user.
  • Page 44 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications 4. Edit the file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets and add the following: “username@hinet.net” * “password” * “username@hinet.net” is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account. “password” is the corresponding password for the account.

  • Page 45: Nfs (Network File System)

    NFS allows users to develop applications for the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260, without worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available. The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports NFS protocol for client.

  • Page 46: Mail

    ONLY the period ‘.’ character. You will need to add your hostname to the file /etc/hosts. SNMP The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 has built-in SNMP V1 (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent software. It supports RFC1317 RS-232 like group and RFC 1213 MIB-II. NOTE Click on the following links for more information about MIB II and RS-232 like groups: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1213.html...
  • Page 47 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Setup 1: Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1. Set up four machines, as shown in the following diagram. local net OpenVPN A Host A LAN1: 192.168.2.173 LAN1: 192.168.2.171 LAN2: 192.168.8.173 LAN1: 192.168.8.174...
  • Page 48 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications address ) IPADDR=$f2 netmask ) NETMASK=$f2 broadcast ) BROADCAST=$f2 esac done break done < /etc/network/interfaces # get the ip address of the specified interface mname= module_up() oIFS=$IFS IFS=‘ ‘ FOUND=“no” for LINE in `lsmod` TOK=`echo $LINE | cut -d’...
  • Page 49 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications ifconfig tap${i} 0.0.0.0 promisc up i=`expr $i + 1` if [ $i -ge $maxtap ]; then break done # null ip address of internal interface ifconfig $iface 0.0.0.0 promisc up # enable bridge ip...
  • Page 50 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications 3. Create a configuration file named A-tap0-br.conf and an executable script file named A-tap0-br.sh on OpenVPN A. # point to the peer remote 192.168.8.174 dev tap0 secret /etc/openvpn/secrouter.key cipher DES-EDE3-CBC auth MD5 tun-mtu 1500...
  • Page 51 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications 6. To create an indirect connection to Host B from Host A, you need to add the following routing item: route add –net 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 To create an indirect connection to Host A from Host B, you need to add the following routing item: route add –net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0...
  • Page 52 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Setup 3: Routed IP 1. Set up the four machines as shown in the following diagram: local net OpenVPN A Host A LAN1: 192.168.2.173 LAN1: 192.168.2.171 LAN2: 192.168.8.173 LAN1: 192.168.8.174 LAN1: 192.168.4.172 LAN2: 192.168.4.174...
  • Page 53 IA260-261-262 EM-2260 LX User’s Manual Managing Communications Note that the parameter “ifconfig” defines the first argument as the local internal interface and the second argument as the internal interface at the remote peer. Note that $5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file. Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file.

  • Page 54: Development Tool Chains

    This chapter describes how to install a tool chain in the host computer that you use to develop your applications. In addition, the process of performing cross-platform development and debugging are also introduced. For clarity, the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 embedded computer is called a target computer.

  • Page 55: Linux Tool Chain

    In the case of x86 environments, the prefix is i386-linux- and in the case of IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 ARM boards, it is arm-linux-. For example, the native C compiler is gcc and the cross C compiler for ARM in the...

  • Page 56: On-Line Debugging With Gdb

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Development Tool Chains The following cross compiler tools are provided: Manages archives (static libraries) Assembler c++, g++ C++ compiler C preprocessor C compiler Debugger Linker Lists symbols from object files objcopy Copies and translates object files...

  • Page 57: Chapter 6 Programmer's Guide

    Programmer’s Guide Chapter 6 This chapter includes important information for programmers. The following functions are covered in this chapter: Flash Memory Map Device API RTC (Real Time Clock) Buzzer UART MoxaCAN Programming Guide Digital I/O...

  • Page 58: Flash Memory Map

    3. Users can create the user file system on the PC host or target platform, and then copy it to the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260. Device API The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports control devices with the ioctl system API. You will need to include <moxadevice.h>, and use the following ioctl function. int ioctl(int d, int request,…);...

  • Page 59: Buzzer

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide Buzzer The device node is located at /dev/console. The IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 supports Linux standard buzzer control, with the IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260’s buzzer running at a fixed frequency of 100 Hz. You must include <sys/kd.h>. Function: KDMKTONE ioctl(fd, KDMKTONE, unsigned int arg);...
  • Page 60 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide Example to set the baudrate #include <moxadevice.h> #include <termios.h> struct termios term; fd, speed; fd = open(“/dev/ttyM0”, O_RDWR); tcgetattr(fd, &term); term.c_cflag &= ~(CBAUD | CBAUDEX); term.c_cflag |= B4000000; tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &term); speed = 500000;...

  • Page 61: Moxacan Programming Guide

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide MoxaCAN Programming Guide Introduction CAN is a broadcast serial bus standard for connecting electronic control units (ECUs). Each node is able to send and receive messages, but not simultaneously: a message (consisting primarily of an ID—usually chosen to identify the message-type/sender—and up to eight message bytes) is transmitted serially onto the bus, one bit after another.
  • Page 62 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide unsigned char byte6; unsigned char byte7; unsigned char byte8; } byte; } can_data_u; typedef struct user_frame_struct { info; // RTR & extend ID flag #define USER_RTR BIT(0) #define USER_EXTEND_ID BIT(1) data_length; can_data_u data; } user_frame_t;...
  • Page 63 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide memset(&txframe, 0, sizeof(txframe)); memset(&txframe, 0, sizeof(rxframe)); txframe.id = 12; txframe.data_length = MAX_CAN_DATA_LENGTH; txframe.info |= USER_EXTEND_ID; for ( i=0; i<MAX_CAN_DATA_LENGTH; i++ ) txframe.data.array[i] = 0x30+i; i = write(fd1, &txframe, sizeof(txframe)); printf(“Write port1 data return = %d\n”, i);...

  • Page 64: Digital I/O

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide $(STRIP) $(TARGET)-release $(TARGET1)-release clean: rm -f *.o $(TARGET)-debug $(TARGET)-release $(TARGET1)-debug $(TARGET1)-release Digital I/O Digital Output channels can be set to high or low. The channels are controlled by the function call set_dout_state( ). The digital input channels can be used to detect the state change of the digital input signal.
  • Page 65 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide Description: To get the DOUT port state. Input: int doport - get the current state of which DOUT port. int *state - save the current state. Output: state - DIO_HIGH (1) for high, DIO_LOW (0) for low.
  • Page 66 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide int get_din_event(int diport, int *mode, long int *duration) Description: To retrieve the DIN event configuration, including mode (DIN_EVENT_HIGH_TO_LOW or DIN_EVENT_LOW_TO_HIGH), and the value of “duration.” Input: int diport - which DIN port you want to retrieve.
  • Page 67 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide static void lowtohighevent(int diport) printf("\nDIN port %d low to high.\n", diport); int main(int argc, char * argv[]) int i, j, state, retval; unsigned long duration; while( 1 ) { printf("\nSelect a number of menu, other key to exit. \n\ 1.
  • Page 68 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide } else if ( i == 3 ) { // set low to high event printf("Please keyin the DIN number : "); scanf("%d", &i); printf("Please input the DIN duration, this minimun value must be over %d :", MIN_DURATION);...
  • Page 69 IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual Programmer’s Guide printf("Select error, please select again !\n"); switch(retval) { case DIO_ERROR_PORT: printf("DIO error port\n"); break; case DIO_ERROR_MODE: printf("DIO error mode\n"); break; case DIO_ERROR_CONTROL: printf("DIO error control\n"); break; case DIO_ERROR_DURATION: printf("DIO error duratoin\n"); case DIO_ERROR_DURATION_20MS: printf("DIO error! The duratoin is not a multiple of 20 ms\n");...

  • Page 70: Appendix A System Commands

    System Commands Appendix A Linux normal command utility collection File manager 1. cp copy file 2. ls list file 3. ln make symbolic link file 4. mount mount and check file system 5. rm delete file 6. chmod change file access permissions 7.

  • Page 71: Process

    IA260/IA261/IA262/EM-2260 Linux User’s Manual System Commands Process 1. kill kill process 2. ps display now running process Other 1. dmesg dump kernel log message 2. stty to set serial port 3. mknod make device node 4. free display system memory usage 5.

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