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Orban OPTIMOD 8400 Operating Manual

Digital audio processor
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Operating Manual
OPTIMOD
8400
Digital Audio Processor
Manual for Version 3.0 and Higher Software

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Summary of Contents for Orban OPTIMOD 8400

  • Page 1 Operating Manual OPTIMOD 8400 Digital Audio Processor Manual for Version 3.0 and Higher Software...
  • Page 2 European Parliament, this product must not be discarded into the municipal waste stream in any of the Member States. This product may be sent back to your Orban dealer at end of life where it will be reused or recycled at no cost to you.
  • Page 3 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the appliance is operated. Retain Instructions: The safety and operation instructions should be retained for future reference. Heed Warnings: All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to. Follow Instructions: All operation and user instructions should be followed.
  • Page 4 Safety Instructions (German) Gerät nur an der am Leistungsschild vermerkten Spannung und Stromart betreiben. Sicherungen nur durch solche, gleicher Stromstärke und gleichen Abschaltverhaltens ersetzen. Sicherungen nie überbrücken. Jedwede Beschädigung des Netzkabels vermeiden. Netzkabel nicht knicken oder quetschen. Beim Abziehen des Netzkabels den Stecker und nicht das Kabel enfassen.
  • Page 5 (2) Check the other sections of the Manual (consult the Table of Contents and Index) to see if there might be some suggestions regarding your problem. (3) After reading the section on Factory Assistance, you may call Orban Customer Service for advice during normal California business hours. The number is (1) 510/351-3500.
  • Page 7 Operating Manual OPTIMOD 8400 Digital Audio Processor...
  • Page 8 (grounded through a protective resistor) and a static safe workbench with a con- ductive surface should be used. This will prevent any buildup of damaging static. OPTIMOD 8400 is protected by U.S. patents 4,208,548; 4,460,871; 5,737,434; 6,337,999; 6,434,241; 6,618,486; 6,937,912. Other patents pending.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels ..............1-10 Best Location for OPTIMOD-FM..................1-11 ....................1-13 TUDIO RANSMITTER Transmission from Studio to Transmitter ................1-13 Using the Orban 8100AST (or 8100A/ST) Studio Chassis with the 8400......1-16 STL and Exciter Overshoot....................1-16 ..............1-17 SING OSSY EDUCTION IN THE TUDIO ..............1-17...
  • Page 10 Fig. 2-3: Separation vs. load capacitance for 8400 and Orban stereo encoders using 8200-style line driver (8200, 2200, 8208, and 8218). Test frequency = 15 kHz............ 2-10 ..........................2-11 ROUNDING Power Ground........................2-11 Circuit Ground ........................2-12 8400 F .........................
  • Page 11 8400’ ..............3-6 BOUT THE IGNAL ROCESSING EATURES Dual-Mono Architecture.......................3-6 Signal Flow...........................3-6 ITU-R 412 Compliance.......................3-11 Two-Band Purist Processing ....................3-12 Digital Radio Processing....................3-12 Input/Output Delay ......................3-13 Summary ..........................3-13 8400’ ...................3-13 USTOMIZING THE OUND Basic Modify ........................3-14 Intermediate Modify......................3-15 Advanced Modify ........................3-15 Gain Reduction Metering....................3-16 ..................3-16 BOUT THE ROCESSING...
  • Page 12 ......................4-2 OUTINE AINTENANCE .............. 4-3 EMOVING AND EPLACING ARTS AND SSEMBLIES ....................4-8 IELD UDIT OF ERFORMANCE Table 4-1: Decoder Chart for Power Supervisor................4-11 Table 4-2: Layout Diagram of J7, with expected voltages on each pin ......... 4-11 Table 4-3: Typical Power Supply Voltages and AC Ripple ............
  • Page 13 Display Interface Circuit Board ..................6-19 Composite Input/Output Circuit Board ................6-20 Control Circuit Board......................6-20 ..................6-21 CHEMATICS SSEMBLY RAWINGS Figure 6-1: Main Circuit Board Locator ..................6-22...
  • Page 14 Index I/O setup 2- · 34 balanced inputs 2- · 7 output transformer 2- · 8 4000 Transmission Limiter 2- · 19 band mix controls 3- · 54 baseband sepctrum diagram 3- · 39 buttons · 12, 2 Escape 2- · 13, 2 bypass 8100A/ST 1- ·...
  • Page 15 composite output 2- · 9 composite outputs 1- · 8 computer interface gate indicators 2- · 13, 3 Ethernet card 2- · 6 gateway 2- · 53 Modem card 2- · 6 ground lift switch 2- · 3, 6 serial 1 2- · 6 grounding 2- ·...
  • Page 16 lossy data reduction 1- · 17 PC Remote software 3- · 62 peak control criteria 1- · 10 pilot 1- · 8 pop-up menu 2- · 13, 2 port 2- · 54 maintence power routine 3- · 2 cord 2- · 3, 6 memory card 2- ·...
  • Page 17 screen display 3- · 2 quick setup 2- · 23 screens System Setup screen 2- · 23 System Setup 2- · 23 security 2- · 40 serial 1 connector 2- · 6 serial 2 connector 2- · 6 technical data 6- · 1 service 5- ·...
  • Page 19 Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels ..............1-10 Best Location for OPTIMOD-FM..................1-11 ....................1-13 TUDIO RANSMITTER Transmission from Studio to Transmitter ................1-13 Using the Orban 8100AST (or 8100A/ST) Studio Chassis with the 8400......1-16 STL and Exciter Overshoot....................1-16 ..............1-17 SING OSSY EDUCTION IN THE TUDIO ..............1-17...

  • Page 20: 8400 Optimod-Fm Digital Audio Processor

    Because OPTIMOD-FM incorporates several audio processing innovations exclu- sive to Orban products, you should not assume that it can be operated in the same way as less sophisticated processors. If you do, you may get disappointing results.

  • Page 21: User-Friendly Interface

    OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION ates in parallel with the FM peak limiting. The look-ahead limiting is optimized to make the most of the limited bit-rate codec used in the iBiquity system’s digital channel. By eschewing any clipping, the HD output prevents the codec from wasting precious bits encoding clipping distortion products, allowing the codec to instead use its entire bit budget to encode the desired program material.

  • Page 22: Flexible Configuration

    OPTIMOD-FM has a subcarrier input that is mixed with the output of OPTIMOD- FM’s stereo encoder before application to the composite output connectors. • All input, output, and power connections are rigorously RFI-suppressed to Orban’s traditional exacting standards, ensuring trouble-free installation. •...

  • Page 23: Controllable

    • OPTIMOD-FM is equipped with a serial port to interface to an IBM-compatible computer running Orban’s PC Remote software. The connection can either be direct or through an external modem. • OPTIMOD-FM has a second serial port that allows the user to set up security and communications parameters through a simple ASCII terminal program running on any PC.

  • Page 24: Presets In Optimod-Fm

    INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Presets in OPTIMOD-FM There are two distinct kinds of presets in OPTIMOD-FM: Factory Presets and User Pre- sets. Factory Presets The Factory Presets are our “factory recommended settings” for various program formats or types. The description indicates the processing structure and the type of processing.

  • Page 25: Digital Aes/Ebu Left/Right Input/Output

    OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION • Analog left/right inputs and outputs. • Composite stereo outputs. • Subcarrier (SCA and RDS/RBDS) input. The 8400HD option adds: • A second AES/EBU digital output, which carries the HD-processed signal. • A second stereo pair of analog outputs, switchable between the low-latency “moni- tor”...

  • Page 26: Stereo Analog Baseband Composite Output

    INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Stereo Analog Baseband Composite Output The stereo encoder has two unbalanced analog baseband outputs on two BNC connectors on the rear panel. Each output can be strapped for 0 or 75Ω source impedance, and can drive up to 8V peak-to-peak into 75Ω in parallel with up to 0.047μF (100ft/30m of RG- 59/U cable) before any significant audible performance degradation occurs (see footnote on page 1-12 and refer to Fig.

  • Page 27: Computer Interface

    OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION • Switch the stereo encoder to stereo, mono from left, mono from right, or mono from sum audio input. • Switch the 8400 to use either the analog input or the digital input. • Reduce the stereo main and subchannel modulation to compensate for transmitter overshoot and subcarrier inputs (SCAs).

  • Page 28: Location Of Optimod-Fm

    1-10 INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Location of OPTIMOD-FM Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels The audio processing circuitry in OPTIMOD-FM produces a signal that is pre- emphasized to either the 50μs or 75μs standard curve. It is precisely and absolutely high...

  • Page 29: Best Location For Optimod-Fm

    1-11 OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION Best Location for OPTIMOD-FM The best location for OPTIMOD-FM is as close as possible to the transmitter, so that its stereo encoder output can be connected to the transmitter through a circuit path that in- troduces the least possible change in the shape of OPTIMOD-FM’s carefully peak- limited waveform —...
  • Page 30 You will achieve a louder sound on the air, with better control of peak modulation, than if you use most external stereo encoders. An exception is Orban’s 8218 stereo encoder, which does not add overshoot. However, because it accepts audio in left/right form, the 8218 will not let you exploit the 8400’s composite limiter.

  • Page 31: Studio-Transmitter Link

    1-13 OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION Studio-Transmitter Link Transmission from Studio to Transmitter There are five types of studio-transmitter links (STLs) in common use in broadcast ser- ® vice: uncompressed digital, digital with lossy compression (like MPEG, Dolby , or APT- ® ), microwave, analog landline (telephone/post line), and audio subcarrier on a video microwave STL.
  • Page 32 1-14 INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Some links may use straightforward PCM (pulse-code modulation) without lossy data reduction. If you connect to these through an AES/EBU digital interface, these can be very transparent provided they do not truncate the digital words produced by the devices driving their inputs.
  • Page 33 The microwave transmitters at the studio are protected from overload by one of Orban’s Studio Level Control Systems, such as the 8200ST. These units also perform the gain riding function ordinarily executed by the AGC section of the 8400’s processing, and optimize the signal-to-noise ratio obtain-...

  • Page 34: Using The Orban 8100Ast (Or 8100A/St) Studio Chassis With The 8400

    ORBAN Model 8400 Some consultants presently offer modifications to minimize or eliminate this problem. If your exciter or STL has this problem, you may contact Orban Customer Service for the latest information on such services. Analog Landline (PTT/post office line) Analog landline quality is extremely variable, ranging from excellent to poor.

  • Page 35: Using Lossy Data Reduction In The Studio

    1-17 OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION Using Lossy Data Reduction in the Studio Many stations are now using lossy data reduction algorithms like MPEG-1 Layer 2 to increase the storage time of digital playback media. In addition, source material is often supplied through a lossy data reduction algorithm, whether from satellite or over land- lines.

  • Page 36: Studio Line-Up Levels And Headroom

    1-18 INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Studio Line-up Levels and Headroom The studio engineer is primarily concerned with calibrating the equipment to provide the required input level for proper operation of each device, and so that all devices operate with the same input and output levels. This facilitates patching devices in and out without recalibration.

  • Page 37: Transmission Levels

    Composite Output Level The Orban 8400 Audio Processor controls instantaneous, absolute peak levels to a toler- ance of approximately ±0.1 dB. Composite modulation is indicated in percentage modu- lation, absolute instantaneous peak indicating.

  • Page 38: Monitoring On Loudspeakers And Headphones

    1-20 INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 Note that if the 8400’s subcarrier inputs are used, the meter will not indicate the subcarri- ers’ effect on composite modulation because the subcarriers are mixed into the composite signal in the analog domain, after it is metered. Therefore, you must mentally add the subcarriers to the meter indication, or refer to an external, calibrated modulation monitor.
  • Page 39 1-21 OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION which most talent finds uncomfortable and distracting. However, the normal delay through the 8400 (from input to FM outputs) is about 20 ms when bass Hard Medium clipping is selected, as it is in all factory presets other than those with “LL” (“low la- tency”) in their names.

  • Page 40: Eas Test

    1-22 INTRODUCTION ORBAN Model 8400 If the talent relies principally on headphones to determine whether the station is on the air, simple loss-of-carrier and loss-of-audio alarms should be added to the system. The 8400 can be interfaced to such alarms through any of its eight its GPI remote control in- puts, cutting off the low-delay audio to the talent’s phones when an audio or carrier fail-...

  • Page 41: Warranty, Feedback

    1-23 OPTIMOD-FM INTRODUCTION Press and hold right to the System Setup: Network/Remote 2 screen. Locate Select the desired Remote Interface input (1-8), using button. Locate Turn the control knob to display , then press the button. Bypass Enter to a different Remote Interface input, turn the control knob to display G) Locate Exit , then press the...
  • Page 43 Section 2 Installation 8400........................2-2 NSTALLING THE 8400 R ........................2-6 ANEL ................2-7 UDIO NPUT AND UTPUT ONNECTIONS AES/EBU D ..................2-8 IGITAL NPUT AND UTPUT ................2-9 OMPOSITE UTPUT AND UBCARRIER NPUT ..........................2-11 ROUNDING 8400 F ........................2-12 RONT ANEL )...........2-14 NSTALLATION OF TUDIO EVEL ONTROLLER OPTIONAL...

  • Page 44: Installing The 8400

    Complete the Registration Card and return it to Orban. (please) The Registration Card enables us to inform you of new applications, per- formance improvements, software updates, and service aids that may be de- veloped, and it helps us respond promptly to claims under warranty without our having to request a copy of your bill of sale or other proof of purchase.
  • Page 45 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION voltage requirements. To change the operating voltage, set the Voltage Se- to 115V (for 90-130V) or 230V (for 200-250V) as appropriate. lect Install the proper fuse and fuse holder, per your country’s standards. The 8400 is shipped from the factory with the fuse, and fuse holder re- moved.
  • Page 46 Ground Lift ground loop by using Orban’s CIT25 Composite Isolation Transformer. If the CIT25 is in use, the switch will almost always be set to Ground Lift GROUND For RFI protection, the 8400’s headphone output gets its ground return from...
  • Page 47 8400_Vxxx_installation.pdf (where xxx represents the version number of the software). You can access this file from the Orban/Optimod 8400 folder in your com- puter’s Start Menu after you have run Orban’s PC Remote installer software or version 1.0 or greater of Orban’s 8400 software update software. You can use Adobe’s .pdf reader application to open and read this file.

  • Page 48: 8400 Rear Panel

    INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 This file is also available from the /8400/Documentation/Vxxx folder at Orban’s ftp site, ftp.orban.com. You can also connect a computer to the 8400’s connector to recall passwords and Serial 2 to administer communications and security, all using simple ASCII strings. See Adminis- tering the 8400 through Serial Port #2 on page 2-46.

  • Page 49: Audio Input And Output Connections

    OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Two Composite Baseband Outputs are provided, each with independent output level control. The second composite output can be reconfigured in software as a Pilot Refer- ence Output useful for RDS (RBDS) subcarrier generators that require an external sync reference.

  • Page 50: Analog Audio Output

    INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 • In low RF fields (like a studio site), connect the cable shield at 8400 input only—it should not be connected at the source end. In high RF fields (like a transmitter site), also connect the shield to pin 1 of the male XLR-type connector at the 8400 input.

  • Page 51: Composite Output And Subcarrier Input

    OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION dB. The reference level is adjustable using the Digital Reference Level control. The 8400 is a “multi-rate” system and its internal sample rate is 32 kHz and multiples thereof (up to 512 kHz). The output is strictly band-limited to 16 kHz.
  • Page 52 0.01 Load Capacitance (μF) Fig. 2-3: Separation vs. load capacitance for 8400 and Orban stereo encoders using 8200-style line driver (8200, 2200, 8208, and 8218). Test frequency = 15 kHz. The subcarrier inputs are provided for convenience in summing subcarriers into the baseband prior to their presentation to the FM exciter.

  • Page 53: Grounding

    2-11 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Connect your subcarrier generator(s) to the 8400’s subcarrier input(s) with coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors. The subcarrier inputs have 600Ω impedance and are unbalanced. To mini- mize noise pickup and to be compatible with the output levels available from many subcarrier generators, gain from the subcarrier input to the composite output is fixed at –20 dB.

  • Page 54: Circuit Ground

    Ground Lift to break the ground loop that would otherwise occur. LIFT Alternately, you can balance and float the exciter input with the Orban CIT25 Composite Isolation Transformer—see page 2-10. • In high RF fields, the system is usually grounded through the equipment rack in which the 8400 is mounted.
  • Page 55 AGC processing that precedes AGC meters the multiband compressor. Full-scale is 25 dB gain reduction. Because the AGC is a two-band unit with Orban’s patented bass coupling system, the two meters indicate the gain reduction of the AGC Master and Bass bands.

  • Page 56: Installation Of Studio Level Controller (Optional)

    MPX Power Controller is turned Installation of Studio Level Controller (optional) If using an Orban 8100AST (or 8100A/ST) Studio Chassis, refer to page 1-16. [Skip this section if you are not using a studio level controller ahead of the 8400. Con- tinue with “Quick Setup”...
  • Page 57 2-15 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION TOP OF MAIN BOARD Clipper Jumpers Output Pre-Emphasis Jumpers FLAT PRE-EMPHASIZED CLIPPER ON CLIPPER OFF LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT Line-up Level Jumpers *PEAK LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT Fig. 2-4: 8200ST Jumper Settings (*Factory Configuration) If you have defeated the STL transmitter’s pre-emphasis, place jumpers JE and JF in the “PRE-EMPHASIZED”...
  • Page 58 2-16 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 If you cannot defeat the STL transmitter’s pre-emphasis, place jumpers JE and JF in the “FLAT” position. Replace the top cover, then replace all screws snugly. (Be careful not to strip the threads by fastening the screws too tightly.) 2.

  • Page 59: If You Are Using Orban 464A Co-Operator

    2-17 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION We recommend 8-15 dB gain reduction for most formats. If you are using Orban 464A Co-Operator JUMPER A: CLIPPER DEFEAT OPERATE JUMPER C: RIGHT OUTPUT FLAT PRE–EMPHASIZED JUMPER B: LEFT OUTPUT PRE–EMPHASIZED FLAT Fig. 2-5: 464A Jumper Settings...
  • Page 60 2-18 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 If you have defeated the STL transmitter’s pre-emphasis, place jumpers B and C in the “PRE-EMPHASIZED” position. If you cannot defeat the STL transmitter’s pre-emphasis, place jumpers B and C in the “FLAT” position. Replace the top cover, then replace all screws snugly. (Be careful not to strip the threads by fastening the screws too tightly.)

  • Page 61: If You Are Using An Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter

    MODE STEREO If you are using an Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter If the STL uses pre-emphasis, its input pre-emphasis network will probably in- troduce overshoots that will increase peak modulation without any increase in average modulation. We therefore strongly recommend that the STL transmit- ter’s pre-emphasis be defeated (freeing the STL from such potential over-...
  • Page 62 2-20 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Fig. 2-6: 4000 Jumper Locations Activate the high frequency limiter. Place jumpers JI and JJ in the “HF LIMITER ACTIVE” position. JUMPER JJ JUMPER JI HF LIMITER ACTIVE HF LIMITER Fig. 2-7: 4000 HF Limiter Jumpers Set pre-emphasis of the high frequency limiter.
  • Page 63 2-21 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Fig. 2-8: 4000 Pre-Emphasis Jumpers JUMPER JD FLAT PRE-EMPHASIZED Fig. 2-9: 4000 Pre-Emphasis Jumpers Set the two channels for stereo coupling. Place jumpers JG1, JG2, and JG3 in the “COUPLED” position. JUMPER JG1 JUMPER JG3 JUMPER JG2 COUPLED INDEPENDENT Fig.
  • Page 64 2-22 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 3. Calibrate the 4000’s Output level to the STL. Press both buttons on the 4000’s front panel. TONE Adjust the 4000’s Channel A and B (Output) levels for 100% peak modula- tion of the STL.

  • Page 65: Quick Setup

    2-23 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION If gain reduction is indicated, the standard line-up level is above threshold (less than 7 dB below 100% modulation). System calibration will require that the button be pressed, either on the front panel or by remote con- TEST trol, when system line-up calibration is performed.
  • Page 66 A) Locate Set studio chassis mode. Set the field to if you have a studio chassis (such as an Orban 8200ST OPTIMOD-Studio, Orban 464A Co-Operator, or similar AGC) installed at your studio feeding the studio-to-transmitter link. This setting appropriately defeats the 8400’s AGC for all presets.
  • Page 67 If you are using an Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter, set field to (so that the AGC function in the 8400 continues to work). The Orban 4000 is a trans- mission system overload protection device; it is normally operated below threshold. It is not designed to perform an AGC or gain-riding function, and it cannot substitute for the AGC function in the 8400.
  • Page 68 2-26 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Adjust the Digital Input Reference so that the meter reads an average of 10 dB gain reduction. [−30 to –10 dBFS (VU), or –22 to –2 dBFS (PPM)] in 0.5 dB steps.] settings track each other with an Digital Reference Level VU offset of 8 dB.
  • Page 69 2-27 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION This output can provide a second composite signal with an independently adjustable level. This usually drives a back-up FM exciter. The second out- put can also be set to provide a 19 kHz output for Pilot Reference RDS/RBDS generators.
  • Page 70 2-28 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 gramming and activating at least one 8400 GPI input. If you have the same subcarrier injection at all times, a more convenient alternative is to set the de- sired modulation level by using the control(s). Then turn up Composite Level the pilot injection control until the injection equals 9% modulation.
  • Page 71 2-29 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION 12. Complete Quick Setup. A) Locate to the Finished screen (System Setup: Quick Setup 10). Press once to return to the System Setup screen, or twice to display the Me- Escape ters screen. Or, press the control knob to display the pop-up Menu. Quick Setup is finished, unless your country is required to meet ITU-R 412- 7 requirements (see next step).

  • Page 72: Analog And Digital I/O Setup

    1. Temporarily set the studio chassis mode to “No.” Navigate to the Input/Output: Utilities screen and set Studio Chassis If you are using a studio chassis like the Orban 8200ST, you will restore this setting to after the setup procedure is complete.
  • Page 73 Calibrate with unprocessed audio, step (B), page 2-31, or • Calibrate with a Studio Level Control System that has a built-in 100% Calibra- tion Tone, such as the Orban 8200ST-Studio Chassis or the Orban 4000 Trans- mission Limiter, step (C), page 2-31, or •...
  • Page 74 2-32 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Calibrate with an Orban 464A Co-Operator: [Skip this step if you are calibrating in another manner.] The 464A does not have a built-in 100% tone. The easiest way to set the 8400 input peak clipping level is to temporarily re-adjust the 464A to pro- duce clipped waveforms on program material to give a clear indication of peak clipping level.
  • Page 75 (typically 0VU if your console uses VU me- ters). If you are using an Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter, press its two TEST buttons. Feed a tone through your console at the level to which you normally peak program material (typically 0VU if your console uses VU meters).
  • Page 76 2-34 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Adjust the Reference Level to make the 8400’s meters indicate an average of 10 dB gain reduction when the console’s VU or PPM is peaking at its normal level. If the gain reduction meter averages less than 10 dB gain reduction (higher on the meter), re-adjust the to a lower level.
  • Page 77 2-35 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION [Skip steps (D) through (I) if you will not be using the digital output.] (See the notes immediately above.) Set the digital output (sample rate). Samp Rate [32], [44.1], or [48], in kHz The 8400’s fundamental sample rate is always 32 kHz, but the internal sam- ple rate converter sets the rate at the 8400’s digital output.
  • Page 78 If you are using such software, we strongly urge you to upgrade to the latest version. You can download it from www.orban.com. Click “Downloads” and navigate to the 8400 folder. 8. Configure Composite Outputs [Skip this step if you are not using the composite baseband outputs.]...
  • Page 79 2-37 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Choose the function of the Composite 2 Output This output can provide a second composite signal with independently ad- justable level. This usually drives a back-up FM exciter. The second output can also be set to provide a 19 kHz output for RDS/RBDS Pilot Reference generators.
  • Page 80 2-38 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 If you use the low-delay output to drive both your studio monitor speakers and talent headphones (which may be necessary if your console has only one moni- tor input for both), we recommend connecting a loss-of-carrier alarm to one of the 8400’s GPI inputs and programming this input to mute the monitor output...

  • Page 81: Using Clock-Based Automation

    2-39 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Using Clock-Based Automation 1. If you have not already done so, set the system clock. Navigate to System Setup, Place/Date/Time Navigate to Screen 1 to set the time and date. Set the Clock Control to Internal or Line Sync. Line sync uses the AC line as a reference.

  • Page 82: Security And Passcode Programming

    2-40 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Navigate to the each day of the week in turn, and use the rotary encoder to turn the day on or off. You can program the event to occur on as many days as you wish.
  • Page 83 2-41 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION 4. Presets and Automation 5. Presets Only passcodes with access let you do software updates and set passcode All Screens permissions. Each Passcode is unique; the software will not let you create duplicate Passcodes. Fur- ther, to prevent accidental lockout, the software requires you to have at least one pass- (administrator) privileges.

  • Page 84: To Unlock The Front Panel

    2-42 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 case sensitive. For example, if you set up your passcode as OOPS25, you must enter it as OOPS25, not as oops25 or Oops25. When you have finished creating your passcode, write it down so you do not forget Choose .

  • Page 85: 8400 User Interface Behavior During Lockout

    2-43 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION If you enter a Passcode that does not exist, an “Invalid Passcode” message ap- pears. Choose Unlock. You will be able to access 8400 functions allowed by the privilege level of your passcode. After you have finished working, the panel will automatically re-lock after the time delay set in step 2 on page 2-41.
  • Page 86 8400 with the ADMIN passcode. The longer a passcode is, the more secure it is. Moreover, the most secure passcodes use a random combination of letters and numbers. Security and Orban’s PC Remote Application Any passcodes set on the 8400 will allow the PC Remote application to connect via di- rect, modem and Ethernet connections at the level authorized by the passcode.

  • Page 87: If You Have Forgotten Your "All Screens" Passcode

    2-45 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION If you have forgotten your “All Screens” passcode… You can access the 8400 even if you have forgotten your passcode. There are All Screens several ways to do this. 1. If your unit is an 8400 (i.e., if it has a full-featured front panel): Press the Enter button within one second after the 8400 displays its initial splash...

  • Page 88: Administering The 8400 Through Serial Port #2

    2-46 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 Apply power to your 8400 with pins 2 and 3 still connected. Keep pins 2 and 3 connected for at least 70 seconds after application of power. This will create a new passcode, ADMIN, having access.

  • Page 89: Connecting To The 8400 Via A Terminal Program On A Pc

    2-47 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Text that the user enters appears in MONOSPACED BOLD Responses that the 8400 transmits at Serial 2 port appear in monospaced normal The symbol “ ” means CR (for received commands) and CR+LF (for trans- mitted responses from 8400). Connecting to the 8400 via a Terminal Program on a PC The procedure in step 2 on page 2-44 provides a simple means to regain access to an 8400 from which you are locked out.

  • Page 90: Administrative Operations

    2-48 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 • Wrap lines that exceed terminal width • Uncheck: Append line feeds to incoming line ends • Force incoming data to 7 bit ASCII Leave “Line delay” and “Character delay” at their default values. You can now type in commands described in the specification in Administra- tive Operations, immediately below.
  • Page 91 2-49 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Valid arguments follow the same rules for passcode entries made from the front panel and via 8400PC: • Passcode length must be 1– 8 characters • Only alphanumeric characters are allowed (0…9 and A…Z). No punctuation or extended characters are allowed. •...
  • Page 92 2-50 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 5. To change the Modem Init string: Applies only for modem connections (via 8400’s Serial 1 port) Command Response MO ATF0S0=4 MO[ATF0S0=4] entered Using MO[ATF0S0=4] The 8400 appends CR+LF to the modem init string as transmitted to a modem (physically connected to Serial 1).

  • Page 93: Diagnostic Operations

    2-51 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Diagnostic Operations These provide a status report indicating essential information: Command Response 8400 Status: Ver. 2.1.x.x Bootrom: 4 mmm. dd, yyyy HH:MM:SS On Air: LOUD-HOT+BASS User Presets: Memory Total: 16318464 Init Available: 13606912 Mem Available: 10022480 Mem Contiguous: 9420800 Heap Available: 15952...

  • Page 94: Networking

    [Skip this step if you do not wish to network to 8400, either for downloading software upgrades or for PC Remote Control.] As of version 1.0 and higher, Orban supports two different Ethernet PC Cards for use in the 8400’s rear PC Card slot: The Linksys EC2T Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card, and the Linksys NP10T PCMCIA Ethernet 10BaseT Card.
  • Page 95 2-53 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION The card cannot be “hot-swapped”; be sure to power down the 8400 before installing it. Restore power to the 8400. 2. Set up network parameters. The 8400 uses the TCP/IP network protocol. See your network administrator to get the data required in the following procedure. You can only perform the following procedure from the 8400 front panel—...
  • Page 96 8400.ini file. The 8400.ini file is normally installed on your PC in the following locations: • A shortcut to 8400.ini in your Start Menu: Start / Programs / Orban / Optimod 8400; then select 8400.ini • The actual file location of 8400.ini on your local PC drive:...

  • Page 97: Setting Up An 8400 Memory Card

    Enter key on your computer’s keyboard. Setting Up an 8400 Memory Card As of version 1.0 and higher, Orban supports SanDisk Flashdisk 8MB and 16MB Mem- ory Cards (SanDisk part numbers SDP3B-8-101-B4 and SDP3B-16-101-B4 respec- tively). Use only these cards if you wish to use a memory card with your 8400.

  • Page 98: Installing 8400 Pc Remote Control Software

    1.0 software, x = 1 and y = 0.) The PC Remote software is supplied on a CD shipped with your 8400. You can also download it from www.orban.com. Click “Downloads” and navigate to the 8400 folder. Section 3 of this manual contains instructions for using the PC Remote software.

  • Page 99: Check Hardware Requirements

    (supplied with your 8400), and then use Dial-Up Networking with a RAS null modem (Windows 98) or Direct Cable Connect (Windows 2000 and XP) to make the basic connection. (The Orban update installer application installs the necessary .inf file for the RAS null modem.) The RAS null modem is a file that installs a “virtual modem”...

  • Page 100: Running The Orban Installer Application

    If connecting by cable: a null modem cable (also called a “reverse” cable), sup- plied by Orban with your 8400 when it was shipped. This cable has dB9 female connectors at both ends for connecting the 8400 to the serial port on your com- puter.

  • Page 101: About 8400/Pd

    8400_Vxxx_installion.pdf (where xxx represents the version number of the soft- ware), which you can access from the Orban/Optimod 8400 folder in your com- puter’s Start Menu. You can use Adobe’s .pdf reader application to open and read this file.
  • Page 102 Edit your 8400.ini file to contain the 8400’s default IP address (192.168.155.101). See step 4 on page 2-54. Launch the Orban PC Remote application. It should connect to your 8400/PD after requesting and receiving your passcode. If you wish to change the IP address and/or subnet mask, you must enter a passcode with privileges.

  • Page 103: About 8400Hd

    2-61 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION 2. Using a terminal program connected to the 8400’s serial port #2: Connect to your 8400 by following the instructions in Administering the 8400 through Serial Port #2 on page 2-46. Follow instructions in steps 3 and 4 starting on page 2-49 to set the IP address and subnet mask.

  • Page 104: Delay Difference Between Digital-Channel And Fm Outputs

    2-62 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 feed a digital channel with pre-emphasis, you must allow extra headroom to compensate for the unpredictable peak level changes that the pre-emphasis induces. If the HD output is driving a channel without pre-emphasis, it will control peak levels with an uncertainty of less than 1 dB.
  • Page 105 2-63 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION Meter Sel determines if the Main Meter screen will display the left and right output lev- els of the FM processing or the left and right gain reductions of the digital-channel look- ahead limiter. The HD look-ahead limiter is not stereo-coupled. This prevents limiting on one channel from causing audible modulation effects on the other channel.
  • Page 106 2-64 INSTALLATION ORBAN Model 8400 dither, and you should set it to do so if the input material is insufficiently dithered for these lower word lengths. Dither turns on or off addition of “high-pass” dither before any truncation of the output word.

  • Page 107: Hd Audio Controls

    2-65 OPTIMOD-FM INSTALLATION HD Audio Controls Included with each preset in Advanced Control. Function Control Name Values HD Eq Gain 0…–6 dB; 0.5 dB steps HF Shelving Filter HD Eq Freq 2…– 20 kHz; 1/6-octave steps Look-Ahead Limiter HD Limiter Drive 0…+12 dB;...

  • Page 109: 8400 Front

    Section 3 Operation 8400 F ........................3-2 RONT ANEL ....................3-3 NTRODUCTION TO ROCESSING 8400’ ..............3-6 BOUT THE IGNAL ROCESSING EATURES 8400’ ...................3-13 USTOMIZING THE OUND ..................3-16 BOUT THE ROCESSING TRUCTURES ..................3-17 ACTORY ROGRAMMING RESETS ......................3-24 QUALIZER ONTROLS ....................3-28 TEREO NHANCER ONTROLS AGC C ........................3-30 ONTROLS...
  • Page 110 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 8400 Front Panel Headphone Jack allows you to monitor the output of the processing through head- phones. When the HD option is installed, you can choose the output of the FM or HD processing. Headphone impedance should be 75Ω or higher.

  • Page 111: Introduction To Processing

    AGC meters show the gain reduction of the slow AGC processing that precedes the mul- tiband compressor. Full-scale is 25 dB gain reduction. The AGC is a two-band unit with Orban’s patented bass coupling system. The two meters indicate the gain reduction of the AGC Master and Bass bands.

  • Page 112: Distortion In Processing

    In FM processing, there is a direct trade-off between loudness, brightness, and distortion. You can improve one only at the expense of one or both of the others. Thanks to Orban’s psychoacoustically optimized designs, this is less true of Orban processors than of any others.

  • Page 113: Optimod-Fm-From Bach To Rock

    OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION OPTIMOD-FM—from Bach to Rock You can adjust OPTIMOD-FM so that the output sounds: • As close as possible to the input at all times (using the Two-Band structure), or • open but more uniform in frequency balance (and often more dramatic) than the input (using the Five-Band structure with slow release times), or •...

  • Page 114: About The 8400'S Signal Processing Features

    Another unfortunate trend is the tendency to put so much high frequency energy on the CDs that this energy cannot possibly survive the FM pre-emphasis/de-emphasis process. Although the 8400 loses less high frequency energy than any previous Orban processor (due to improvements in high frequency limiting and clipping technology), it is neverthe- less no match for CDs that are mastered so bright that they will curl the vinyl off car dashboards.
  • Page 115 Stereo Enhancement: The 8400 provides two different stereo enhancement algorithms. The first is based on Orban’s patented analog 222 Stereo Enhancer, which increases the energy in the stereo difference signal (L–R) whenever a transient is detected in the stereo sum signal (L+R).
  • Page 116 Two-Band Gated AGC: One of the 8200’s secrets was that its AGC is a two-band de- vice, using Orban’s patented “master/bass” band coupling. The 8200’s LCD showed only the AGC “master” band gain reduction. In the 8400, we bring out all of the two-band AGC controls so the user can adjust them, including thresholds, ratio, attack times, release times, and master/bass coupling.
  • Page 117 The curves are matched to better than 0.15 dB. This means that their sound is very close to the sound of an Orban analog para- metric. They also use very high quality filter algorithms to ensure low noise and distor- tion.
  • Page 118 DSP-derived Stereo Encoder: The 8400’s stereo encoder is derived from algorithms first developed for the high-performance Orban 8218 stand-alone encoder. The 8400’s stereo encoder operates at 512 kHz-sample rate to ease the performance requirements of the D/A converter’s reconstruction filter, making it possible to achieve excellent stereo...

  • Page 119: Itu-R 412 Compliance

    3-11 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Nevertheless, we are aware that many engineers are fond of composite clipping. We therefore undertook a research project to find a way to peak-control the composite wave- form without significantly compromising separation, pilot protection, or subcarrier pro- tection, and without adding the pumping typical of simple gain-control “look-ahead”...

  • Page 120: Two-Band Purist Processing

    3-12 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 The 8400 gives you control over the multiplex power threshold (in the Input/Output Utilities screen). This allows you to compensate for overshoots in the signal path up- stream from the 8400, preventing excessive reduction of the multiplex power.

  • Page 121: Input/Output Delay

    Summary The 8400 provides numerous important advances over the digital signal processing in Orban’s popular 8200. By devoting over five times the DSP processing power to the problem, the 8400 reduces bass distortion, opens up high frequency response, and pre- vents audible clipping distortion on difficult program material.

  • Page 122: Basic Modify

    Basic level of control. The combinations of subjective setup control settings produced by this control have been optimized by Orban’s audio process- ing experts on the basis of years of experience designing audio processing, and upon hundred of hours of listening tests.

  • Page 123: Intermediate Modify

    You can then save the set- tings in a User Preset and recall it whenever you wish. For the first time in an Orban FM processor, compressor attack times and thresholds are available, along with settings affecting the automatic clipping distortion control (new to the 8400).

  • Page 124: Gain Reduction Metering

    3-16 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Gain Reduction Metering Unlike the metering on some processors, when any OPTIMOD-FM gain reduction meter indicates full-scale (at its bottom), it means that its associated compressor has run out of gain reduction range, that the circuitry is being overloaded, and that various nastinesses are likely to commence.

  • Page 125: Factory Programming Presets

    Protection Limiter, Two-Band and Five-Band sections that follow. Factory Programming Presets Each Orban factory preset has full Less/More capability. The table below shows the pre- sets, including the source presets from which they were taken and the nominal Less/More setting of each preset.

  • Page 126: Factory Programming Presets

    Basic Modify and make small changes to the Bass, Mid EQ, and HF EQ controls. Unlike Orban’s 8200, you can make changes in EQ (and stereo enhancement) without losing the ability to use settings.
  • Page 127 3-19 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION FACTORY PROGRAMMING PRESETS OLDIES-PROCESSED OLDIES-PROCESSED ROCK-DENSE ROCK-DENSE ROCK-LIGHT ROCK-LIGHT ROCK-MEDIUM ROCK-MEDIUM ROCK-MEDIUM+Mid-bass ROCK-MEDIUM+Mid-bass ROCK-MEDIUM+LOW BASS ROCK-MEDIUM+LOW BASS ROCK-OPEN ROCK-OPEN ROCK-SMOOTH ROCK-SMOOTH ROCK-SOFT ROCK-SOFT SPORTS SPORTS URBAN-LIGHT URBAN-LIGHT URBAN-HEAVY URBAN-HEAVY Table 3-1: Factory Programming Presets PROTECTION: is a two-band preset with a high amount of band cou- PROTECTION pling.
  • Page 128 3-20 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 ence energy to help vocals to stand out. The preset uses the COUNTRY-LIGHT ROCK- source preset. Modern country stations might also find LIGHT ROCK-MEDIUM ROCK- useful if they want a brighter, more up-front sound. OPEN...
  • Page 129 GREGG LL bass sound similar to the classic five-band Gregg Labs FM processors designed by Orban’s Vice President of New Product Development, Greg Ogonowski. Dynamically, these presets produce a slight increase in bass energy below 100 Hz and a decrease of bass energy centered at 160 Hz.
  • Page 130 3-22 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 In terms of loudness, midrange texture, and HF texture, these presets are similar to the presets. LOUD-HOT+BASS presets were introduced with version 3.0 software. GREGG MINIMUM DELAY: This is a general-purpose preset using low latency mode to achieve a delay of 15 ms (even though it does not have an “LL”...
  • Page 131 3-23 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION intelligible sound from widely varying source material, particularly source material that is “hot from the field” with uncontrolled quality. It extensively exploits distortion control to achieve a very clean, highly compressed, but unclipped sound quality. SPORTS: Similar to NEWS-TALK except the AGC Release...

  • Page 132: Equalizer Controls

    3-24 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 URBAN: There are two presets: . These are similar to URBAN (Rap) HEAVY LIGHT but with a different bass sound. They use the 3-pole ROCK-MEDIUM ROCK-OPEN (18 dB/octave) shape on the bass equalizer. HEAVY is appropriate for Urban, URBAN- Rap, Hip-Hop, Black, R&B, Dance and other similar formats.
  • Page 133 Low Frequency Parametric Equalizer is a specially designed parametric equalizer whose boost and cut curves closely emulate those of a classic Orban analog parametric equalizer with conventional bell-shaped curves (within ±0.15 dB worst-case). This pro- vides warm, smooth, “analog-sounding”...
  • Page 134 100 Hz in combination with a Bass Shelf boost at 6 dB/octave. The equalizer, like the classic Orban analog parametrics such as the 622B, has constant “Q” curves. This means that the cut curves are narrower than the boost curves.
  • Page 135 3-27 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION midrange bands (by turning the (Multiband Drive) control up), the MB Drive control will have progressively less audible effect. The compressor Mid Gain for the midrange bands will tend to reduce the effect of the Mid frequency boost (in an attempt to keep the gain constant) to prevent excessive stridency in program material that already has a great deal of presence power.

  • Page 136: Stereo Enhancer Controls

    The difference will never exceed the difference that would have otherwise occurred if the lowest frequency band was independently gated. If you are familiar with older Orban processors like the 8200, this is the maximum amount of boost that would have occurred if you had set their...
  • Page 137 3-29 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION The ratio of L–R/L+R of the enhanced signal tries to exceed the threshold set by the L-R/L+R Ratio Limit control. In this case, the enhancer prevents further enhancement in order to prevent excess L–R energy, which can increase multipath distortion. The stereo enhancer has the following controls: Stereo Enhancer Controls Basic/Intermediate Name...

  • Page 138: Agc Controls

    OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 You have somewhat more leeway than you do in older Orban FM processors like the 8200 because the 8400’s new distortion control will work to help prevent audible speech distortion even when the phase rotator is switched out.
  • Page 139 The AGC is also ordinarily defeated if you are using CLASSICAL a studio level controller (like Orban’s 8200ST). However, in this case it is better to defeat the AGC globally in the System Setup screen. AGC Drive control adjusts signal level going into the slow dual-band AGC, and there- fore determines the amount of gain reduction in the AGC.
  • Page 140 3-32 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 background sounds and cause the AGC or multiband compressor to gate, effectively freezing gain to prevent noise breathing. There are two independent gating circuits in the 8400. The first affects the AGC and the second affects the multiband compressor. Each has its own threshold control.

  • Page 141: Advanced Agc Controls

    Previous Orban AGCs had compression ratios very close to ∞:1, which produces the most consistent and uniform sound. However, the 8400 compressor can reduce this ratio to as low as 2:1.
  • Page 142 3-34 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 The range is 25 dB at ∞:1 and 12 dB at 2:1. However, the range of input lev- els that the AGC can handle is unaffected, remaining at 25 dB. Bass Thresh determines the compression threshold of the bass band in the AGC. It can be used to set the target spectral balance of the AGC.

  • Page 143: Clipper Controls

    3-35 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION AGC Crossover allows you to choose , or modes. Allpass LiNoDly Linear Allpass is a phase-rotating crossover like the one used in the 8200’s two-band AGC. It introduces one pole of phase rotation at 200 Hz. The overall frequency response remains smooth as the two bands take different degrees of gain reduction—the response is a smooth shelf without extra peaks or dips around the crossover frequency.
  • Page 144 , which is only available in the Advanced Modify screen. OSComp Dr Bass Clip Thresh sets Orban’s patented embedded bass clipper. It is embedded in the multiband crossover so that any distortion created by clipping is rolled off by part of the crossover filters.
  • Page 145 3-37 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION that material with sustained bass (including speech) will sound substantially less clean than it will with the settings. Medium Soft differs in two ways from the normal mode of the bass clipper: LLHard Hard • automatically defeats the compressor lookahead. This action is LLHard functionally equivalent to setting the control to...
  • Page 146 3-38 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Final Clip Drive control adjusts the level of the audio driving the back end clipping sys- tem that OPTIMOD-FM uses to control fast peaks. The loudness/distortion trade-off is primarily determined by the control. Final Clip Drive...
  • Page 147 3-39 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION do this, back off the (Overshoot Compensation) control and in- OSComp Dr crease the control setting proportionately. Composite Clip Drive Pilot Protection Filter turns the 19 kHz notch filter on or off. It affects the composite output only. The 8400’s composite limiter always protects frequencies above 53 kHz.

  • Page 148: Advanced Clipper Controls

    3-40 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 is actually considerable protection ±1 kHz from the pilot, but the full 60 dB of protection is limited to ±250 Hz. In all cases, the composite limiter protects the baseband to –80 dB from 55 to 100 kHz.

  • Page 149: The Two-Band Structure

    Five-Band structure. Like the “Two-Band Purist” structure in Orban’s OPTIMOD-FM 8200, the 8400’s Two-Band Structure is phase-linear throughout to maximize sonic transparency.
  • Page 150 3-42 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 These are the only two-band presets (other than the presets). PROTECTION Classical music is traditionally broadcast with a wide dynamic range. However, with many recordings and live performances, the dynamic range is so great that the quiet pas- sages disappear into the noise on most car, portable, and table radios.

  • Page 151: Customizing The Settings

    3-43 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Customizing the Settings Each Two-Band Factory Preset has a control (located in the Basic Modify Less/More screen) that adjusts on-air loudness. simultaneously adjusts all of the process- Less/More ing controls to optimize the trade-offs between unwanted side effects as processing levels are decreased or increased.
  • Page 152 3-44 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 gain reduction (with the gain riding set to ) maintains a sense of dynamic range while still controlling levels effectively. Because OPTIMOD-FM’s density gently in- creases between 0 and 10 dB of compression, 10 dB of compression sounds very natural, even on classical music.
  • Page 153 3-45 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION achieved—no further increase in short-term density occurs as more gain re- duction is applied. This avoids the unnatural, fatiguing sound often produced by processors at high gain reduction levels and makes OPTIMOD-FM re- markably resistant to operator gain-riding errors. 2B Gate Thresh (Threshold) control determines the lowest input level that OPTIMOD- FM recognizes as program;...

  • Page 154: Advanced Two-Band Controls

    3-46 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 combination of fast release and independent operation of the bands provides the maxi- mum loudness and density on small radios achievable by the Two-Band structure. But such processing may fatigue listeners with high-quality receivers, and also requires you to activate the AGC to control the average drive level into the two-band compressor, pre- venting uncontrolled build-up of program density.

  • Page 155: The Five-Band Structure

    3-47 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION “0” so that it matches the threshold of the final clipper. Setting it higher than “0” allows more punch (due to clipping) at the expense of higher clipping distortion, which may be particularly annoying on voice. 2B HF Limiting sets the threshold of the high frequency limiter in the Two-Band struc- ture.

  • Page 156: Customizing The Settings

    3-48 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Customizing the Settings Each of these presets can be edited with the control to optimize the trade-off Less/More between loudness and distortion according to the needs of the format. They can be further edited with Basic, Intermediate or Advanced Modify to fine-tune them.
  • Page 157 3-49 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION B1 Attack 4 … 39 k, Off B2 Attack 4 … 39 k, Off B3 Attack 4 … 39 k, Off B4 Attack 4 … 39 k, Off B1 Limiter Attack 0 … 100% B2 Limiter Attack 0 …...
  • Page 158 3-50 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 in an unattractive busier, flatter, or denser sound. It is very important to be aware of the many negative subjective side effects of excessive density when setting controls that af- fect the density of the processed sound.
  • Page 159 3-51 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION unprocessed sound that sounds just right on music and voice when listened to on small table radios, car radios, portables, or home hi-fi systems. The Medium Fast settings ( ) are ideal for a highly competi- MFast MFast2 tive Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format whose ratings depend on attract- ing a large number of listeners (high “cume”) but which does not assume that a...
  • Page 160 3-52 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 when the gate first turns on. This prevents obvious midrange coloration under gated con- ditions, because bands 2 and 3 have the same gain. The gate also independently freezes the gain of the two highest frequency bands (forcing...
  • Page 161 3-53 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION (the input noise) in sync with the input program material. Set the MB Down Expander control higher until you can no longer hear the noise modulation. This is the best setting. Obviously, the correct setting will be different for a sporting event than for classical mu- sic.

  • Page 162: Advanced Multiband And Band Mix Controls

    These controls, which have never previously been available in an Orban processor, are risky and difficult to adjust appropriately. They affect the sound of the processor in many subtle ways. The main trade-off is “punch”...
  • Page 163 3-55 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION The look-ahead delay time in bands 3, 4, and 5 automatically tracks the set- ting of the time controls to minimize overshoot for any attack time Attack setting. MB Limit Thr sets the threshold of the clipping distortion controller with reference to the threshold of the final clipper, in dB.
  • Page 164 3-56 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 MB DownExpStCpl (Multiband Downward Expander Stereo Coupling) determines whether the multiband downward expander stereo coupler is on or off. B1/B2 Xover (Band 1 to Band 2 Crossover Frequency) sets the crossover frequency be- tween bands 1 and 2 to either 100 Hz (as it was in all previous versions of the 8400 soft- ware) or 200 Hz.

  • Page 165: Itu-R Multiplex Power Controller

    3-57 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Speech is detected if (1) the input is mono, and (2) there are syllabic pauses at least once every 1.5 seconds. Speech with a stereo music background will usually be detected as “music,” or the detector may switch back and forth randomly if the stereo content is right at the stereo/mono detector’s threshold.
  • Page 166 3-58 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Section 1 of this manual has an extensive discussion of overshoot in trans- mission paths. See page 1-13 and following pages. However, many paths have overshoot, and this forces you to reduce the average modula- tion to avoid overdeviating the transmitter.

  • Page 167: Test Modes

    3-59 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION The multiplex power controller is operational with both the Two-Band and Five-Band processing structures. It is not operational in Test mode and will not prevent the 8400’s test oscillator from producing illegal modulation. It is the responsibility of the operator to make sure that the test oscillator does not violate the ITU requirements.

  • Page 168: Getting The Bass Sound You Want

    3-60 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Getting the Bass Sound You Want Probably the most frequently asked question we get regarding 8400 setup is “How do I get a (such-and-such) bass sound?” It seems that individual preference varies in this area more than anywhere else.
  • Page 169 3-61 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION various 8400 factory presets before making your own adjustments, so you can get a feel for how we made the tradeoff between punch and distortion at the factory. If you set the threshold much above –6 dB, you will typically get some distortion even on steady-state waveforms (depending on where you have set the control).

  • Page 170: Using The 8400 Pc Remote Control Software

    PC are subject to development and change, we have placed these instructions in a file called 8400_Vxxx_installion.pdf (where xxx represents the version number of the software). You can access this file from the Orban/Optimod 8400 folder in your computer’s Start Menu after you have run Orban’s PC Remote installer software or ver- sion 1.0 or greater of Orban’s 8400 software update software.
  • Page 171 “Loading System Files, Please wait.” When run, the Orban PC Remote software installer makes copies of all 8400 factory preset files on your local hard drive and the PC Remote software reads these files to speed up its initialization. If any of these files have been accidentally deleted or damaged, the PC Remote software will refresh them by downloading them from the 8400.
  • Page 172 3-64 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 To choose an item on the main menu: Double-click it. To navigate to another screen at the same menu level (if any): Click the yellow left or right ar- rows at the top of the current screen.
  • Page 173 Note that if you want to restore a user preset to your 8400, it must be in the ~ \ user direc- tory (where ~ is the path to which you initially installed the PC Remote software) or the 8400 PC Remote software will be unable to find it. The default for ~ is: c:\Program Files\Orban\Optimod 8400. Double-click the Save/Save As screen from the main menu.

  • Page 174: Navigation Using The Keyboard

    3-66 OPERATION ORBAN Model 8400 Navigation Using the Keyboard Use the key to bring up the meter screen, as in the 8400. If you are in the meter screen, brings up the main menu. So pressing twice will bring up the main menu from almost anywhere.
  • Page 175 Section 4 Maintenance ......................4-2 OUTINE AINTENANCE ...............4-3 EMOVING AND EPLACING ARTS AND SSEMBLIES ....................4-8 IELD UDIT OF ERFORMANCE...

  • Page 176: Routine Maintenance

    MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 Routine Maintenance The 8400 OPTIMOD-FM Audio Processor uses highly stable analog and digital circuitry throughout. Recommended routine maintenance is minimal. 1. Periodically check audio level and gain reduction meter readings. Become familiar with normal audio level meter readings, and with the normal perform- ance of the G/R metering.

  • Page 177: Removing And Replacing Parts And Assemblies

    OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Removing and Replacing Parts and Assemblies [See Section 6 of this manual for PC board and parts locator diagrams.] 6. Removing the Top Cover. To access the main board, power supply board or display assembly, you must remove the top cover.
  • Page 178 MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 9. Removing the DSP Board. If you have not done so yet, remove the top cover (step 6 on page 4-3). Be sure that power is off. Disconnect the ribbon cable from J504. Remove the five Phillips screws holding the DSP board to the bottom of the chas- sis.
  • Page 179 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Unplug all four cables connecting the front panel to the main chassis, noting where they are connected so you can reconnect them later. To protect the assembly from cosmetic damage, set it down on a soft surface like foam rubber, a quilt, or a blanket. 12.
  • Page 180 MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 The pushbutton switches, joystick, and rotary encoder are all soldered to this board and can be replaced by normal solder rework techniques. 17. Removing the Display Board. You must remove the front panel according to the instructions in step 11 on page 4-4 be- fore you can remove the display board.
  • Page 181 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION If you have not done so, reassemble the front panel according to step 20 on page 4- Be sure that you have plugged into the display board all of the cables that you unplugged when you disassembled the front panel. Replace the PC Card boards.

  • Page 182: Field Audit Of Performance

    MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 the remaining hole). Position over this standoff the RFI contact spring you removed in step (11.B) on page 4-4. Fit the front panel assembly into the front of the chassis, bottom first. Leave the panel tilted at an angle of approximately 45 degrees and reconnect the four front- panel cables.
  • Page 183 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION It is assumed that the technician is thoroughly familiar with the operation of this equip- ment. This procedure is useful for detecting and diagnosing problems with the 8400's perform- ance. It includes checks of frequency response, noise and distortion performance, and output level capability.
  • Page 184 4-10 MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 Right Channel Balance 0.0 dB DI REF VU –15.0 dBFS Navigate to the Input/Output 2 screen, Set controls as in the table below: Out Level +10.0 dBu Output Feeds Xmitter Pre-Emph Flat Out Level –2.8 dBFS...
  • Page 185 4-11 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION +5V Digital +3.3V #1 +3.3V #2 +3.3V #3 +3.3V #4 +3.3V #5 Table 4-1: Decoder Chart for Power Supervisor Measuring the power supply at the test points on the power supply regulator board is not practical with the power supply installed because the heat sink makes the test points inac- cessible.
  • Page 186 4-12 MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 Recall bypass preset: Navigate to the button and press Bypass Enter. Bypass defeats all compression, limiting, and program equalization but re- tains pre-emphasis. Verify a reading (noise) of <–80 dBu at the output of the unit.
  • Page 187 4-13 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Frequency THD+N Typical THD+N Maximum 50 Hz 0.015% 0.03% 100 Hz 0.015% 0.03% 400 Hz 0.015% 0.03% 1 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 2.5 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 5 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 7.5 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 10 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 15 kHz 0.015% 0.03%...
  • Page 188 4-14 MAINTENANCE Orban Model 8400 Sample Rate Tolerance (PPM) Tolerance ( Hz) 32 kHz 50 PPM ±1.60 Hz 44.1 kHz 100 PPM ±4.41 Hz 48 kHz 50 PPM ±2.40 Hz Disconnect the digital source generator from the 8400. 8. Test the 8400’s stereo encoder.
  • Page 189 4-15 OPTIMOD-FM OPERATION Measure the Pilot Modulation on the stereo monitor. It should read 0%. Set the to 0.0%. Measure the de-emphasized noise at the left and right Mod. Level outputs of the stereo monitor. It should not exceed –80 dB below 100% modula- tion.
  • Page 191 OPTIMOD-FM TROUBLESHOOTING Section 5 Troubleshooting ..................5-2 ROBLEMS AND OTENTIAL OLUTIONS Headphones Don’t Work ......................5-2 RFI, Hum, Clicks, or Buzzes ....................5-2 Unexpectedly Quiet On-Air Levels ..................5-2 Poor Peak Modulation Control ....................5-2 Audible Distortion On-Air ....................5-3 Audible Noise on Air......................5-3 Whistle on Air, Perhaps Only in Stereo Reception ...............5-4 Interference From Stereo Into SCA ..................5-5 Shrill, Harsh Sound ......................5-6 Dull Sound ..........................5-6...

  • Page 192: Problems And Potential Solutions

    Particularly if you are using a long run of coaxial cable between the 8400 and the exciter, a ground loop may inject noise into the exciter’s composite input—especially if the ex- citer’s input is unbalanced. The Orban CIT25 Composite Isolation Transformer can al- most always cure this problem.

  • Page 193: Audible Distortion On-Air

    Orban uses the Belar “Wizard” series of DSP-based monitors internally for testing, because these units do not have this difficulty.

  • Page 194: Whistle On Air, Perhaps Only In Stereo Reception

    STL may only be 70-75 dB. In this case, it is wise to use the Orban 8200ST Studio Chassis to perform the AGC function prior to the STL transmitter and to control the STL's peak modulation. This will optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of the entire transmission system.

  • Page 195: Interference From Stereo Into Sca

    OPTIMOD-FM TROUBLESHOOTING The 8400 uses independent composite DACs for the Composite 1 and Com- posite 2 outputs. Therefore, a problem of this nature would likely show up at only one composite output. A whistle could also be caused by power supply oscillation, STL problems, or exciter problems.

  • Page 196: Shrill, Harsh Sound

    TROUBLESHOOTING Orban Model 8400 Shrill, Harsh Sound If you are using the Multi-Band structure, this problem can be caused by excessive HF boost in the HF Equalizer and HF Enhancer. It could also be caused by an excessively high setting of the...

  • Page 197: System Receiving 8400'S Digital Output Will Not Lock

    First, verify that a problem really exists by using a second frequency measuring device and/or verifying the problem with your monitoring service. If the problem is real, contact Orban Customer Service for a crystal replacement; there is no frequency trim available. L–R (Stereo Difference Channel) Will Not Null With Monophonic Input This problem is often caused by relative phase shifts between the left and right channels prior to the 8400’s input.

  • Page 198: Connection Issues Between The 8400 And A Pc, Modem, Or Network

    If you cannot install a RAS null modem because it does not appear on the list of available modems, the information file for the RAS null modem, mdmorban.inf, might be missing from the INF folder under your Windows or Winnt directory. Orban’s installer automatically installs this file, but the file could have been acciden- tally deleted damaged.

  • Page 199: Troubleshooting Connections

    OPTIMOD-FM TROUBLESHOOTING • Port: The port has two functions when version 2.1 software or SERIAL 2 SERIAL 2 higher is running in your 8400: it lets you use a simple hardware technique to create a new passcode (ADMIN) with all screens privileges, and it lets you connect your PC to your 8400 via a terminal program (like HyperTerminal) to administer the 8400.
  • Page 200 Click “Start / Programs / Accessories / Communications / Network and Dialup Con- nections” to bring up the Network Connections screen. In the “Network Connections” window, right-click “Optimod 8400 - Direct” and choose “Properties.” The “Properties” window opens for “Optimod 8400 - Direct Click the “Networking”...
  • Page 201 Click “Start / Programs / Accessories / Communications / Network and Dialup Con- nections” to bring up the Network Connections screen. In the “Network Connections” window, right-click “Optimod 8400 - Modem” and choose “Properties.” The “Properties” window opens for “Optimod 8400 – Modem”.
  • Page 202 Click “Start / Programs / Accessories / Communications / Network Connections” to bring up the Network Connections screen. In the “Network Connections” window, right-click “Optimod 8400 - Direct” and choose “Properties.” The “Properties” window opens for “Optimod 8400 - Direct.”...
  • Page 203 Click “OK” to dismiss the “Advanced TCP/IP Settings” window. On the “Properties” window for “Optimod 8400 – Modem” click the “Advanced” tab. Make sure the “Internet Connection Firewall” setting “Protect my computer and net- work by limiting or preventing access to this computer from the Internet” is un- checked.

  • Page 204: Troubleshooting Ic Opamps

    Click “OK” to dismiss the “Advanced TCP/IP Settings” window. On the “Properties” window for “Optimod 8400 – Modem,” click the “Advanced” tab. Make sure the “Internet Connection Firewall” setting “Protect my computer and net- work by limiting or preventing access to this computer from the Internet” is un- checked.

  • Page 205: Technical Support

    Returned units will be returned C.O.D. if the unit is not under warranty. Orban will pay return shipping if the unit is still under warranty. In all cases, the customer pays transportation charges to the factory (which are usually quite nominal).
  • Page 206 5-16 TROUBLESHOOTING Orban Model 8400 (W), with a minimum bursting test rating of 200 pounds (91 kg). Place the chassis in a plastic bag (or wrap it in plastic) to protect the finish, then pack it in the carton with at least 1.5 inches (4 cm) of cushioning on all sides of the unit.
  • Page 207 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA Section 6 Technical Data .........................6-2 PECIFICATIONS Performance .........................6-2 Installation..........................6-2 .......................6-6 IRCUIT ESCRIPTION Overview ..........................6-6 Control Circuits ........................6-7 User Control Interface and LCD Display Circuits...............6-7 Input Circuits ........................6-8 Output Circuits ........................6-10 DSP Circuit.........................6-12 Power Supply ........................6-12 ........................6-13 BBREVIATIONS ..........................6-14 ARTS Obtaining Spare Parts ......................6-15...

  • Page 208: Specifications

    TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 Specifications It is impossible to characterize the listening quality of even the simplest limiter or com- pressor based on specifications, because such specifications cannot adequately describe the crucial dynamic processes that occur under program conditions. Therefore, the only way to evaluate the sound of an audio processor meaningfully is by subjective listening tests.
  • Page 209 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA Filtering: RFI filtered, with high-pass filter at 0.15 Hz. Analog Audio Output Configuration: Stereo. Flat or pre-emphasized (at 50µs or 75µs), software-selectable. Source Impedance: 50Ω, electronically balanced and floating. Load Impedance: 600Ω or greater, balanced or unbalanced. Termination not required, or recommended.
  • Page 210 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 Connector: XLR-type, female, EMI-suppressed. Pin 1 chassis ground, Pins 2 and 3 trans- former balanced and floating, 110Ω impedance. Filtering: RFI filtered. Composite Baseband Output Configuration: Two outputs, each with an independent software-controlled output level control, output amplifier and connector.
  • Page 211 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA HD (High Definition Digital Radio) Option Configuration: Two field-installable cards: DSP and Input/Output. The DSP receives the output of the multiband limiter and processes it through a look-ahead peak limiter that operates in parallel with the main FM peak limiting system. The DR and FM outputs are always simultaneously active.

  • Page 212: Circuit Description

    RFI / EMI: Tested according to Cenelec procedures. Shipping Weight: 40 lbs. / 18.1 kg Warranty One Year, Parts and Labor: Subject to the limitations set forth in Orban's Standard War- ranty Agreement. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

  • Page 213: Control Circuits

    The disk-on-chip holds the operating system, the Orban executable program, and all pre- set files, both factory and user. There is also a boot ROM that allows the microprocessor to start up before control is handed to the operating system.

  • Page 214: Input Circuits

    TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 A valid remote signal is a momentary pulse of current flowing through remote signal pins. Current must flow consistently for 50msec for the signal to be interpreted as valid. Generally, the 8400 will respond to the most recent control operation whether it came from the front panel, remote interface, or RS-232.
  • Page 215 The A/D oversamples the audio, applies noise shaping, and filters and decimates to 64 kHz sample rate. (An Orban-designed synchronous sample rate converter in the 8400’s DSP performs the final decimation to 32 kHz. This ensures the flattest frequency re- sponse to 15 kHz without aliasing.)

  • Page 216: Output Circuits

    6-10 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 decimation to the 8400 system sample rate being done in the system DSP, as was done for the analog input. A second receiver/converter, IC502, accepts a second digital audio signal to enable the 8400’s output sample rate to be locked to a reference sample rate presented to J501.
  • Page 217 6-11 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA IC203 is used to set the analog output level. It is a digitally controlled gain block that sets its gain according to signals on its three digital input lines. IC204B and associated components form a low-frequency servo amplifier to re- move residual DC from the signal.

  • Page 218: Dsp Circuit

    DSP fails to initialize normally. Please note any such messages and be ready to report them to Orban Customer Service. The DSP chips are located on the DSP board, which is identifiable by the small toroidal inductor, L700, which is mounted on it—see Figure 6-1 on page 6-22.

  • Page 219: Abbreviations

    6-13 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA The power supply circuits are straightforward and no explanation is required beyond the schematic itself. Be aware that C19, C50, C52, and C53 in the switching regulator are premium-quality low-ESR capacitors and must be replaced with equivalent types to en- sure proper operation of the switching supply.

  • Page 220: Parts List

    6-14 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 input/output International Telecommunications Union (formerly CCIR). ITU-R is the arm of the ITU dedi- cated to radio. JFET junction field effect transistor inductor/capacitor liquid crystal display light-emitting diode low-frequency low-pass level midrange/high-frequency midrange/low-frequency modulation N&D...

  • Page 221: Obtaining Spare Parts

    Consult the factory if the listing of a part includes the note “selected” or “realign- ment required.” Orban normally maintains an inventory of tested, exact replacement parts that can be supplied quickly at nominal cost. Standardized spare parts kits are also available. When...

  • Page 222: Input/Output Circuit Board

    6-16 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 29527.000.01 INDUCTOR, FIT44-4 15025.000.01 TRANSTOR, MTG, KIT TO 220 15028.003.01 INSULATOR, 8400 P/S 24308.901.01 IC, LINEAR, DC REG, 5V NEG 24319.000.01 IC, DC NEGATIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR 24325.005.01 IC, VOLT REGULATOR, "T", POS, 5 VOLT 24325.015.01...
  • Page 223 6-17 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA 20131.249.01 RESISTOR , 1/8W, 1% 24.9K R203 R209 R213 R216 20131.499.01 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 49.9K R222 R223 R228 R229 R501 R504 R507 R513 R520 R524 R525 R526 R239 R240 R241 R242 20131.825.01 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 82.5K R104 R123 R303 R320 20132.154.01 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 154K...

  • Page 224: Front Panel Subassembly

    6-18 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 29015.000.01 TRANSFORMER, AES/EBU T500 T501 T502 29508.210.01 FILTER, EMI SUPPRESSION, 50V- L100 L102 L104 L106 L305 L306 L307 L500 L501 L502 L503 L504 L505 L200 L201 L202 L203 29521.000.01 INDUCTOR, 3.9UH, JM391K L204 L205 L206 L207 L308 L309 L310 29522.000.01...

  • Page 225: Display Interface Circuit Board

    6-19 OPTIMOD-FM TECHNICAL DATA 21323.615.01 CAPACITOR, 15uf, TANTALUM, C-CASE 21324.610.01 CAPACITOR, 10uF, 35V, D-CASE 22209.000.01 DIODE, SHOT 1A, 60V, SMD 23214.000.01 TRANSISTOR NPN MMBT3904 24747.000.01 IC, MAX6501, TEMP 65c 24959.000.01 IC, CS4390KS 24960.000.01 IC, OPA2134UA 24988.000.01 IC, SED1353FOA 24989.000.01 IC, LT1613C35 24990.000.01 IC, CY62128, 32P, TSOP U9 U10...

  • Page 226: Composite Input/Output Circuit Board

    6-20 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 Composite Input/Output Circuit Board PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 20039.750.01 RESISTOR, MF, 1/8W, 1%, 75.0 ohm R13 R14 20040.604.01 RESISTOR, MF, 1/8W, 1%, 604 ohm R5 R6 R7 R8 20130.162.01 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 1.62K R9 R10 20130.200.01...

  • Page 227: Drawings

    U8 U22 24327.000.01 IC, REGULATOR, 1086, 3.6 VOLT Schematics, Assembly Drawings The following drawings are included in this manual. These are the sections of the 8400 likely to contain parts serviceable outside the Orban factory. Page Function Description Drawing 6-22...
  • Page 228 6-22 TECHNICAL DATA Orban Model 8400 These drawings reflect the actual construction of your unit as accurately as possible. Any differences between the drawings and your unit are probably due to product improve- ments or production changes since the publication of this manual.
  • Page 229 6-23 OPTIMOD-FM 8400 TECHNICAL DATA +RAW +15V +15V TIFSYNC TIDATA0 +5VA +5VA TIBCLK TIDATA1 -5VA -5VA TMCLK TIDATA2 -15V -15V TDACBCLK TSPARE4 TDACFSYNC LINK3 TODATA3 TIOLINK TMONFSYNC TMONDATA TODATA2 TDACFSYNC TOBCLK TMONBCLK 36.864MHZ TODATA1 TOFSYNC LINK1 24.576MHZ TODATA0 TDOUTBCLK +5VD LINK2 LINK4 TDOUTFSYNC...
  • Page 230 6-24 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN...
  • Page 231 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale Sheet B.
  • Page 232 6-26 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN Title 8400 Control Board Version Drawing Number Rev. Sheet 62075 1 of 1...
  • Page 233 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale Sheet B.Schuler...
  • Page 234 6-28 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN Title 8400 PCA interface Version Drawing Number Rev. Sheet 62095 1 of 1...
  • Page 235 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale...
  • Page 236 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale Sheet B.Schuler...
  • Page 237 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale...
  • Page 238 6-32 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN...
  • Page 239 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. B. Schuler...
  • Page 240 6-34 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN...
  • Page 241 TO REPRODUCE IT, DISCLOSE ITS CONTENTS, OR TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANYTHING INCORPORATING THE CONCEPTS AND Draftsman: DETAILS DISCLOSED BY IT. SUCH CONCEPTS AND DETAILS ARE NOT TO BE USED OTHER THAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF ORBAN. Schematic - No Scale Sheet B.
  • Page 242 6-36 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN...
  • Page 243 0.1U F ECO NO . DAT E REV. DESCRIPTION CK D Revi sion orban -15V 1525 Al va rado Str eet San Leandr o, CA 94577 USA Phone 510- 351- 3500 F AX 510- 351- 0500 Mo del Numb er...
  • Page 244 6-38 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN...
  • Page 245 ECO NO . DAT E REV. DESCRIPTION CK D Revi sion orban 1525 Al va r a do Str eet San L ean dr o, C A 94577 U SA P hone 510- 351- 350 0 DD[0 ..7] D[0 ..7]...
  • Page 246 6-40 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN +5 V A R232 MC LK +5 V A 10O HM 1% (SHT 6) C201 1.0U F R238 + C210 C211 C212 + C213 C214 C232 110O HM 10U F 0.1U F 0.1U F 10U F 0.1U F...
  • Page 247 DESCRIPTION CK D IC308B IC309B Revi sion orban 1525 Al va r a do Str eet San L ean dr o, C A 94577 U SA P hone 510- 351- 350 0 F A X 510- 351- 0500 Mo del Numb er...
  • Page 248 6-42 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN PICSDI IC503 /A ESINCS AES/EBU PICPWR PIC16C67-20/L DI GITA L PICSCK IN PU T TP502 R501 IC500 PICSDO 49. 9K TP-SMT SDA/CDOU T SCL/CCLK J500 FEMA LE L 500 AD 0/CS AD 1/CDIN T500 R500 FILTER...
  • Page 249 REV. DESCRIPTION CK D Revi sion E603 orban 1525 Al va r a do Str eet 74A HCT244 San L ean dr o, C A 94577 U SA P hone 510- 351- 350 0 F A X 510- 351- 0500...
  • Page 250 6-44 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN HF LIMITER FEEDBACK LOOK-AHEAD AES/EBU LIMITER ANALOG 5-BAND 5-BAND IBOC/DAB OPTION COMPRESSOR LIMITER CLIPPING COMPRESSOR/LIMITER ANALOG DISTORTION CONTROL COUPLING CONTROLLER FEEDBACK AES/EBU 5-BAND CLIPPING DISTORTION STEREO 2-BAND EQUALIZER OVERSHOOT STEREO DISTORTION CANCELLED COMP ENHANCER HF ENHANCER...

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