ensto Arcteq AQ-L3 0 Series Instruction Manual
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ensto Arcteq AQ-L3 0 Series Instruction Manual

Line differential protection device
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AQ-L3x0
Line differential protection device
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  • Page 1 AQ-L3x0 Line differential protection device Instruction manual...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table of contents 1 Document inf 1 Document informa ormation tion ..............................................4 4 2 Saf 2 Safe e t t y inf y informa ormation tion ................................................6 6 3 Abbr bbre e via viations...
  • Page 3 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.4.12 Event recorder....................... 161 6.4.13 Measured values ....................166 6.4.14 Status monitoring for switching devices ..............167 6.4.15 Trip circuit supervision ................... 167 7 Line diff 7 Line differ erential communic ential communica a tion applic tion applica a tions tions ................
  • Page 4 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Disclaimer Please read these instructions carefully before using the equipment or taking any other actions with respect to the equipment. Only trained and qualified persons are allowed to perform installation, operation, service or maintenance of the equipment.

  • Page 5: Document Inf

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.00 1 Document information Table. 1 - 1. History of Revision 1. R R e e vision vision 1.00 1.00 Date November 2010 Changes • The first revision of the manual. R R e e vision vision 1.01...
  • Page 6 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.00 R R e e vision vision 1.07 1.07 Date March 2015 • Description for the trip logic block revised. Changes • Description for the line measurement added. •...

  • Page 7: Saf Y Informa Ormation Tion

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 2 Safety information Instruction manual Version: 2.00 2 Safety information This document contains important instructions that should be saved for future use. Read the document carefully before installing, operating, servicing, or maintaining this equipment. Please read and follow all the instructions carefully to prevent accidents, injury and damage to property.

  • Page 8: Abbr Bbre E Via Viations Tions

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 3 Abbreviations Instruction manual Version: 2.00 3 Abbreviations A A C C alternating current A A VR automatic voltage regulator circuit breaker CBFP CBFP circuit breaker failure protection CPU U central processing unit C C T T current transformer C C T T S S current transformer supervision...
  • Page 9 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 3 Abbreviations Instruction manual Version: 2.00 intelligent electronic device IO IO inputs and outputs L L CD liquid-crystal display light-emitting diode normally closed normally open Network Time Protocol radio frequency R R CA relay characteristic angle root mean square SCAD SCADA A...

  • Page 10: General

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 4 General Instruction manual Version: 2.00 4 General The AQ-L3x0 line protection IED is a member of the AQ-300 product line. The AQ-300 protection product line in respect of hardware and software is a modular device. The hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions.

  • Page 11: Ied User Interface Erface

    5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.1 Front panel Instruction manual Version: 2.00 5 IED user interface 5.1 Front panel The figure below presents the front panel structure for AQ-300 series units, while the table below the image describes the functions of the front panel's various elements.

  • Page 12: Led Assignment

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.2 LED assignment Version: 2.00 Function Description The device has four (4) capacitive operational buttons: • "X" (below the LED label) latches and resets the LEDs. Operation • The button with a blue icon (top right) changes the touch screen menus. buttons •...
  • Page 13 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.3 Touch screen Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The image below depicts the main screen of the front panel as well as the "ON", "OFF" and "Change screen" buttons. Figure. 5.3 - 2. The main menu and three operation buttons. The t The touch scr ouch screen...
  • Page 14 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.3 Touch screen Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.3 - 3. Lock status indicator, as displayed in the main menu. The lock sta lock stat t us indic us indica a t t or or shows whether a password is required to unlock the device before parameters or settings can be changed.
  • Page 15 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.3 Touch screen Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.3 - 4. The password input screen. NOTICE! TICE! The lock icon is displayed even when the device has no password! Parameter menu In the parameters menu (below) you can view, set and edit certain parameters within the device.
  • Page 16 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.3 Touch screen Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.3 - 5. The parameter set menu. The A A ctiv ctiva a t t e but e butt t on on activated the selected parameter set, which the device will now use. Depending on the device's configuration, the "Activate"...
  • Page 17 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.3 Touch screen Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • Floating-point number A number with a decimal point, entered with the number pad. Please note that the pad has the decimal point available only when the value can be entered as a floating-point number! •...
  • Page 18 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.3 Touch screen Version: 2.00 Online measurement menu The online measurement menu displays real-time data depending on what is connected to the device. When you have selected a specific function block from the online functions list, clicking the V V ie iew w but butt t on takes you to a new window that displays the parameters and their current values.
  • Page 19 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.3 Touch screen Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.3 - 9. Event structure. NOTICE! TICE! The events menu does no not t display the whole event log, only the first few hundred items in the log! System settings menu Figure.
  • Page 20 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.3 Touch screen Version: 2.00 Table. 5.3 - 5. The system settings. Setting Description System parameters and station bus settings Please contact your local network administrator for further information about these (IP address, settings.

  • Page 21: The Embedded Web Server

    5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.3 - 11. Turning on Q2. (1) First, we press Q2 on the touch screen to highlight the object. This causes Q2 to start blinking for a short while;...

  • Page 22: Ethernet Connections

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 • provide remote or local firmware updgrades • perform administrative tasks. System requirements In order to access the device interface you need a compatible web browser as well as an Ethernet connection.
  • Page 23 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The diagram below depicts the three (3) different CPU versions and their structures: Figure. 5.4.1 - 12. The three CPU versions. Settings needed for Ethernet connection The AQ-300 devices can only be accessed over Ethernet-based communication protocols.
  • Page 24 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 Make sure that your browser does NO NOT T use a proxy server while accessing an AQ-300 device. However, if there is a proxy server in your network, contact the system administrator and have them add an exception.
  • Page 25 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.1 - 14. Using the RJ45 connection. The crossover cable's pinout has been depicted in the diagram below: Figure. 5.4.1 - 15. The pinout of the crossover cable. Please note that the cable's RJ45 connector can also be connected to an Ethernet switch.

  • Page 26: Getting Started

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 ST-type fiber optic connection The ST-type fiber optic connector of the 100Base-FX Ethernet provides a connection to an Ethernet switch with an identical fiber optic input. When using this connection, all the network's IEDs with client functionalities (e.g.
  • Page 27 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.2 - 17. Web server elements. The menu that is currently selected is highlighted in black (in the image above, the main menu is selected).

  • Page 28: Menu Items

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 5.4.3 Menu items Main menu Figure. 5.4.3 - 18. The main menu and its elements. In the main menu you can control the device's front panel. The image of a touch screen (located on the right) behaves the same way as the actual touch screen.
  • Page 29 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Parameters menu Figure. 5.4.3 - 19. The parameters menu and its elements. You can view and change various parameters and variables in this menu. You can manage the different parameter sets by resetting, renaming, exporting and importing them.
  • Page 30 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 In the "Parameter set" section of the page there are options for managing the parameter sets. The section lists all the available parameter sets, and each can be manipulated with the buttons located on the right of the line.
  • Page 31 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.3 - 21. The system settings menu. Table. 5.4.3 - 7. The system setting sections and their content. Section name Description If enabled, the device asks you to confirm the saving of new settings by pressing the "I"...
  • Page 32 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 Section name Description Contain the parameters to control the LCD panel's behaviour. The light switches off after its set timeout. LCD backlight The "Backlight group"...
  • Page 33 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.3 - 23. Elements of the events menu. With the R R e e fr fresh esh button you can refresh the list displaying the events, the E E ra rase all e se all ev v ents ents button clears the list on the screen, and the Expor...
  • Page 34 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.3 - 25. Disturbance recorder. The "Recorded disturbances" section lists all disturbance records. You can refresh the list with the R R e e fr fresh esh button to display any new disturbance records that have occurred after the page was opened or refreshed last.
  • Page 35 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 You can set a setpoint by clicking anywhere on the graph, and the positioning the cursor to a desired second point. The preview then displays the timestamp of the first setpoint, and the time difference between the two setpoints.
  • Page 36 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 Advanced Figure. 5.4.3 - 29. The Advanced menu. This menu displays the additional, more advanced options. You can set a password request before a user is allowed access to these options.
  • Page 37 5 IED user interface A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5.4 The embedded web server Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The Ge Get r t repor eport t button generates a .zip file that has all of the log files archived together. The files have valuable information and they can help in analyzing errors and malfunctions;...

  • Page 38: Troubleshooting

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 5 IED user interface Instruction manual 5.4 The embedded web server Version: 2.00 Figure. 5.4.3 - 32. Update manager. 5.4.4 Troubleshooting Some browsers have a tendency to handle and cache various JavaScript function improperly, and this may cause anomalies and errors in the interface.

  • Page 39: Soft E Set T Up Up

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.1 Functions included in AQ-L3x0 Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6 Software setup 6.1 Functions included in AQ-L3x0 In this chapter are presented the protection and control functions as well as the monitoring functions. The implemented protection functions are listed in the table below.

  • Page 40: Measurements

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 BRF50MV CBFP 50BF Breaker failure protection Table. 6.1 - 10. Available control and monitoring functions. Name Name ANSI ANSI Descrip Description tion TRC94 Phase-selective trip logic Dead line detection Voltage transformer supervision SYN25...
  • Page 41 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.2.1 - 33. Example connection. Table. 6.2.1 - 11. Values for the example above. Phase current CT: Ring core CT in Input I0: CT primary 100A I0CT primary 10A CT secondary 5A I0CT secondary 1A...
  • Page 42 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 The performed basic calculation results the Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle and the true RMS value. These results are processed by subsequent protection function blocks and they are available for on-line displaying as well.

  • Page 43: Voltage Measurement And Scaling

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Measured value Dim. Explanation Angle Ch - I3 degree Vector position of the current in channel IL3 Current Ch - I4 A(secondary) Fourier basic component of the current in channel I4 Angle Ch - I4 degree Vector position of the current in channel I4...
  • Page 44 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 The connection of the first three VT secondary windings must be set to reflect actual physical connection of the main VTs. The associated parameter is “Connection U1-3“. The selection can be: Ph-N, Ph-Ph or Ph-N-Isolated.
  • Page 45 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.2.2 - 36. Phase-to-phase connection. Ph-N Voltage: Residual voltage: Rated Primary U1-3: 20kV Rated Primary U4: 11.54A (=20kV/√3) Range: Type 100 The fourth input is reserved for zero sequence voltage or for a voltage from the other side of the circuit breaker for synchron switching.
  • Page 46 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 Parameter name Title Selection range Default VT4_Ch13Nom_EPar_ Connection U1-3 Ph-N, Ph-Ph, Ph-N-Isolated Ph-N Selection of the fourth channel input: phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltage VT4_Ch4Nom_EPar_ Connection U4 Ph-N,Ph-Ph Ph-Ph Definition of the positive direction of the first three input channels, given as normal or inverted...

  • Page 47: Line Measurement

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Measured value Dim. Explanation Angle Ch - U2 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel UL2 Voltage Ch - U3 V(secondary) Fourier basic component of the voltage in channel UL3 Angle Ch - U3 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel UL3...
  • Page 48 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 The outputs of the line measurement function are • displayed measured values • reports to the SCADA system. NOTICE! TICE! The scaling values are entered as parameter setting for the “Voltage transformer input” function block and for the “Current transformer input”...
  • Page 49 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.2.3 - 37. Measured values in a configuration for compensated networks. The available quantities are described in the configuration description documents. Reporting the measured values and the changes For reporting, additional information is needed, which is defined in parameter setting.
  • Page 50 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 The selection of the reporting mode items is explained in next chapters. "Amplitude" mode of reporting If the “Amplitude” mode is selected for reporting, a report is generated if the measured value leaves the deadband around the previously reported value.
  • Page 51 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.2 Measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Parameter name Title Dim. Step Default Range value for the apparent power MXU_SRange_FPar_ Range value - S 100000 0.01 Deadband value for the current MXU_IDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - I 2000 Range value for the current...
  • Page 52 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.2 Measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.2.3 - 39. Reporting when Integrated mode is selected. Periodic reporting Periodic reporting is generated independently of the changes of the measured values when the defined time period elapses.

  • Page 53: Protection Functions

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Parameter name Title Dim. Step Default Deadband value for the phase-to-neutral voltage MXU_UPhDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - U ph-N 0.01 Range value for the phase-to-neutral voltage MXU_UPhRange_FPar_ Range value - U ph-N 1000...
  • Page 54 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The variables in the image above are: • t (seconds) = theoretical operating time if G>G (without additional time delay) • G = measured peak value or Fourier base harmonic of the phase currents •...

  • Page 55: Residual Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.3.2 Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection (I0>; 50N/51N) The residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function operates according to instantaneous characteristics, using the residual current (IN=3Io). The setting value is a parameter, and it can be doubled with dedicated input binary signal.

  • Page 56: Three-Phase Time Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The algorithm generates a trip command without additional time delay based on the Fourier components of the phase currents or peak values of the phase currents in case if the user set pick-up value is exceeded.
  • Page 57 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The function includes a blocking signal input which can be configured by user from either IED internal binary signals or IED binary inputs through the programmable logic. Operating characteristics of the definite time is presented in the figure below.
  • Page 58 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.3 - 26. Parameters and operating curve types for the IDMT characteristics. Curve family Characteristics α NI (normally inverse) 0.14 0.02 VI (very inverse) 13.5 EI (extremely inverse) LTI (long time inverse)
  • Page 59 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.3 - 47. IEC - VI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20. Figure. 6.3.3 - 48. IEC - EI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20.
  • Page 60 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.3 - 49. IEC - LTI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20. Figure. 6.3.3 - 50. IEEE/ANSI - NI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20.
  • Page 61 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.3 - 51. IEEE/ANSI - MI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20. Figure. 6.3.3 - 52. IEEE/ANSI - VI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20.
  • Page 62 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.3 - 53. IEEE/ANSI - EI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20. Figure. 6.3.3 - 54. IEEE/ANSI - LTI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20.
  • Page 63 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.3 - 55. IEEE/ANSI - LTVI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20. Figure. 6.3.3 - 56. IEEE/ANSI - LTEI operating curves with minimum and maximum pick-up settings and TMS settings from 0.05 to 20.
  • Page 64 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Resetting characteristics for the function depends on the selected operating time characteristics. For the IEC type IDMT characteristics the reset time is user settable and for the ANSI/IEEE type characteristics the resetting time follows equation below.

  • Page 65: Residual Time Overcurrent Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.3 - 28. Setting parameters of the time overcurrent function. Setting Parameter value Step Default Description / range DefinitTime IEC Inv IEC VeryInv IEC ExtInv IEC LongInv ANSI Inv...
  • Page 66 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The variables in the image above are: • t (seconds) = theoretical operating time if G>G (without additional time delay) • G = measured value of the Fourier base harmonic of the residual current •...

  • Page 67: Three-Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.4 - 29. Setting parameters of the residual time overcurrent function. Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description Range DefinitTime IEC Inv IEC VeryInv IEC ExtInv IEC LongInv ANSI Inv...
  • Page 68 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.5 - 59. The structure of the directional overcurrent protection algorithm. Based on the measured voltages and currents the function block selects the lowest calculated loop impedance of the six loops (L1L2, L2L3, L3L1, L1N, L2N, L3N).
  • Page 69 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.5 - 60. Directional decision characteristics. The voltage must be above 5% of the rated voltage and the current must also be measurable. If the voltages are below 5% of the rated voltage then the algorithm substitutes the small values with the voltage values stored in the memory.

  • Page 70: Residual Directional Overcurrent Protection (I0Dir>; 67N)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Setting value Parameter Step Default Description / range DefinitTime IEC Inv IEC VeryInv IEC ExtInv IEC LongInv ANSI Inv Operating mode selection of the function. Can be disabled, Operation ANSI ModInv DefinitTime...
  • Page 71 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.6 - 61. The structure of the residual directional overcurrent protection algorithm. The block of the directional decision generates a signal of TRUE value if the UN=3Uo zero sequence voltage and the IN=-3Io current is sufficient for directional decision, and the angle difference between the vectors is within the preset range.
  • Page 72 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.6 - 63. Wattmetric and varmetric operating characteristics. In the in the figure above are presented the characteristics of the wattmetric and varmetric operating principles in forward direction.

  • Page 73: Current Unbalance Protection (60)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description range DefinitTime IEC Inv IEC VeryInv IEC ExtInv IEC LongInv ANSI Inv ANSI Selection of the function disabled and the timing ModInv Operation DefinitTime...
  • Page 74 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.7 - 64. The structure of the current unbalance protection algorithm. The analogue signal processing principal scheme is presented in the figure below. Figure.

  • Page 75: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.7 - 32. Setting parameters of the current unbalance function. Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description range Operation Selection for the function enabled or disabled. Start Activated Selection if the function issues either "Start"...
  • Page 76 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.8 - 66. Operation logic of the CBFP function. Table. 6.3.8 - 33. Setting parameters of the CBFP function. Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description range...

  • Page 77: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.3.9 Overvoltage protection (U>; 59) The overvoltage protection function measures three phase to ground voltages. If any of the measured voltages is above the pick-up setting, a start signal is generated for the phases individually. Figure.

  • Page 78: Residual Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.10 - 68. The principal structure of the undervoltage function. The general start signal is set active if the voltage of any of the three measured voltages is below the level defined by pick-up setting value.

  • Page 79: Thermal Overload Protection (T>; 49)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.11 - 69. The principal structure of the residual overvoltage function. The general start signal is set active if the measured residual voltage is above the level defined by pick- up setting value.
  • Page 80 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.12 - 70. The principal structure of the thermal overload function. In the figure above is presented the principal structure of the thermal overload function. Theinputs of the function are the maximum of TRMS values of the phase currents, ambienttemperature setting, binary input status signals and setting parameters.

  • Page 81: Line Differential Protection (87L) - Transformer Not In Protected Zone

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description range Rated 60…200 Rated temperature of the protected object. temperature Base Rated ambient temperature of the device related to allowed 0…40 deg 40 deg temperature...
  • Page 82 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.13 - 71. Structure of the line differential protection algorithm. The inputs are • the Fourier base component values of three phase currents at the local line end •...
  • Page 83 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.13 - 38. Current compensation parameters. Parameter Setting range Step Default Explanation LocalRatio 0.10…2.00 0.01 1.00 Local end current ratio compensation factor. RemoteRatio 0.10…2.00 0.01 1.00...
  • Page 84 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.13 - 72. The line differential protection characteristics. Decision logic Decision logic The decision logic combines the following binary signals: • Start signals of the line differential characteristic module •...
  • Page 85 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.13 - 40. Measured and displayed values of line differential function. Measured value Dim. Explanation I Diff L1 p.u. Differential current in line L1 I Diff L2 p.u.
  • Page 86 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.13 - 42. The binary output signals of the line differential function. Binary output signal Signal title Explanation Trip command of the line differential protection function DIFF87L_T _TrL1_ rL1_GrI_ Trip L1...

  • Page 87: Line Differential Protection (87L) - Transformer In Protected Zone

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.13 - 74. Process bus settings for line differential protection. 6.3.14 Line differential protection (87L) – transformer in protected zone The AQ 300 series has two kinds of line differential algorithms available, one with transformer in the protected zone and one without.
  • Page 88 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 • the harmonic restraint decision from the remote end • the sampled values of three local phase currents • parameters • status signals. The outputs are •...
  • Page 89 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • Decision logic The decision logic module decides if the differential current of the individual phases is above the characteristic curve of the differential protection function. The second and fifth harmonic ratio of the local current, relative to the basic harmonic content can restrain the operation of the differential protection function.
  • Page 90 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.14 - 44. Vector shift compensation with transformation to the delta delta side. conn. Code Transformation of the local side currents Transformation of the remote side currents group Dy11 Dz10...
  • Page 91 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 conn. Code Transformation of the local side currents Transformation of the remote side currents group Yd11 Yz11 Magnit gnitude compensa ude compensation tion The differential currents are calculated using the (I1Rshift, I1Sshift, I1Tshift) and (I2Rshift, I2Sshift, I2Tshift) values and the DIF87L_TRPr_IPar (TR local) and DIF87L_TRSec_IPar (TR remote) parameters, defined by the turn’s ratio of the transformer and that of the current transformers, resulting the currents with the apostrophe (’).
  • Page 92 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 76. Principal scheme of the vector shift compensation. The inputs are: • The three phase Fourier current vectors of the local side (IL1_F1_local,IL2_F1_local, IL3_F1_local) •...
  • Page 93 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The differential current can be high in case of over-excitation of the transformer, due to thecurrent distortion caused by the transformer iron core symmetric saturation. In this case thefifth harmonic content of the differential current is applied to disable the operation of thedifferential protection function.
  • Page 94 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Parameters The outputs of the modules are the status signals for each phase and for second and fifth harmonics separately, indicating the restraint status caused by high harmonic contents. Figure.
  • Page 95 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 79. Principal scheme of the current magnitude calculation. The inputs are the Fourier vectors of the phase-shifted currents: The differential currents after phase-shift: The local currents after phase-shift: The remote currents after phase-shift: The outputs are the magnitude of the calculated currents:...
  • Page 96 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The magnitudes of the remote currents after phase-shift: The restraint (bias) current for all phases is calculated as the maximum of the six currents: M_Ibias = MAX(M_I1Rshift';...
  • Page 97 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 81. Principal scheme of evaluation of differential protection characteristics. The inputs are the magnitude of the calculated currents: The magnitudes of the differential currents after phase-shift: The magnitudes of the local currents after phase-shift: The magnitudes of the remote currents after phase-shift: Decision logic...
  • Page 98 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The inputs are the internal calculated status signals of the differential characteristics module, those of the 2nd harmonic restraint and 5th harmonic restraint modules and binary input parameters. These signals are processed by the decision logic of the device described in the following figure.
  • Page 99 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 I2n = 1.05 A (secondary side) Example se Example set t ting parame ting paramet t ers Substation “A”, 120 kV TR local = 91 % (This is a free choice, giving the currents of the 120 kV side current transformer’s current, related to the rated current of the CT.) TR remote = 105 %...
  • Page 100 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 83. Function block of the line differential protection function with transformer within protected zone. The binary input and output status signals of the line differential function with transformerwithin protected zone are listed in tables below.
  • Page 101 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Binary output signal Signal title Explanation DIFF87L_R _Rec12_ ec12_GrI_ Received Ch12 Free configurable signal received via communication channel Communication failure signal DIFF87L_CommF _CommFail_ ail_GrI_ CommFail Signal indicating communication failure Setting considerations of the line differential protection...
  • Page 102 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 This indicates that the connection group of this transformer is Yd11.) Here the primary currents form a symmetrical system: The secondary currents can be seen on the figure (please consider the division factor √3 in the effective turn’s ratio): P P ha hase se-t -to-pha o-phase fa...
  • Page 103 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The delta side currents can be seen on this figure: P P ha hase se-t -to-pha o-phase fa se fault on the delta ult on the delta side side Assume I current on the secondary delta side between phases "s"...
  • Page 104 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 88. Currents inside the transformer at single phase fault at the Y side (Bauch effect). On this figure k is the current ratio. The primary Y side currents are: On the delta side there are no currents flowing out of the transformer: Assume I fault current at the Y side in phase R in case of solidly grounded neutral.
  • Page 105 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.14 - 89. Currents inside the transformer at single phase fault at the Y side, supply at the delta side. On this figure k is the current ratio. The primary Y side currents are: The delta side currents can be seen on this figure: C C heck...
  • Page 106 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The secondary currents are drawn in the above-mentioned figure (consider the division by √3 as defined by the turn's ratio): The secondary currents are transformed by the unit matrix. It means that only the turn's ratio is considered: These currents are the same (with the round-off errors of.
  • Page 107 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The input currents from the secondary side of the transformer can be seen in the above-mentioned figure: These secondary side currents are transformed with the unit matrix, so only the turn's ratio has to be considered: These currents are the same (with the round-off errors of.
  • Page 108 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The input currents from the primary Y side can be seen in the above-mentioned figure: The transformation of these Y side currents: These currents are the same (with the round-off errors of. 0.5%) as the secondary transformed currents, but multiplied by „-1”.
  • Page 109 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 These secondary currents are transformed with the unit matrix, so only the turn’s ratio is considered: Because of zero currents, the differential protection is stable. Now suppose I fault current in phase R on the external primary side of the transformer, if the neutral is grounded.

  • Page 110: Overfrequency Protection (F>; 81O)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The currents are balanced; the differential protection does not generate a trip command. Setting parameters Table. 6.3.14 - 47. Setting parameters of the line differential protection with transformer within protected zone. Parameter Setting range Step Default...

  • Page 111: Underfrequency Protection (F<; 81U)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The over-frequency protection function is usually applied to decrease generation to control the system frequency. Another possible application is the detection of unintended island operation of distributed generation and some consumers.

  • Page 112: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection (Fd/Ft>/<; 81R)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 For the confirmation of the measured frequency, at least four subsequent identical measurements are needed. Similarly, four invalid measurements are needed to reset the measured frequency to zero. The basic criterion is that the evaluated voltage should be above 30% of the rated voltage value.

  • Page 113: Pole Slip (78)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting Parameter value / Step Default Description range Start Activated Selection if the function issues either “Start” signal alone orboth Deactivated signal only Deactivated “Start”...
  • Page 114 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The characteristic feature of pole slipping is that the impedance locus leaves the characteristic at a location, where the sign of the calculated resistance (e.g –Rleaving) is opposite to that of the entering location (e.g.
  • Page 115 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • the binary output status signals. The software modules of the pole slipping protection function are as follows: Z_CAL Z_CALC C calculates the impedances (R+jX) of the three phase-phase measuring current loops. Quadrila Quadrilat t eral charact eral characteristic...
  • Page 116 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 = the positive sequence resistance of the line or cable section between the fault location and the relay location = the positive sequence inductance of the line or cable section between the fault location and the relay location L1, L2, L3 = the three phases The applied numerical method is solving the differential equation of the faulty loop, based on the...
  • Page 117 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The characteristics of the pole slip protection function (Quadrilateral characteristics) The method is an impedance-based comparison. The operate decision is based on quadrilateral characteristics. The calculated R1 and X1= L1 co-ordinate values of the three measuring loops define three points on the complex impedance plane.
  • Page 118 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The input values are calculated by the module Z_CALC. Table. 6.3.18 - 53. The input calculated impedances of the quadrilateral characteristics module. Calculated value Dim.
  • Page 119 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The duration of the trip pulse is defined by parameter setting Table. 6.3.18 - 57. Trip pulse parameter setting. Parameter Setting value / range Description Operation Parameter for disabling the function.

  • Page 120: Teleprotection (85)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Table. 6.3.18 - 60. Minimal current enabling. Parameter Setting value / range Step Description IPh Base Sens 10…30 Definition of minimal current enabling impedance calculation The positive sequence current is considered to be sufficient if it is above the level set by parameter PSLIP78_Imin_IPar_ (IPh Base Sens).
  • Page 121 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • Direct trip command • Permissive signal • Blocking signal. To increase the reliability of operation, in this implementation of the telecommunication function the sending end generates a signal, which can be transmitted via two different channels.
  • Page 122 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.19 - 96. Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Pickup: Send signal generation. Figure. 6.3.19 - 97. Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Pickup: Trip command generation. Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Overreach The protection system uses telecommunication, with underreach setting at each section end.
  • Page 123 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.19 - 99. Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Overreach: Trip command generation. P P ermissiv ermissive Ov e Overr erreach T each Transf ransfer T er Trip (PO rip (POT T T T ) )
  • Page 124 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 The protection system uses telecommunication. The signal is transmitted when a fault is detected in forward direction. This signal is prolonged if a general trip command is generated. Receipt of the signal at the other end permits the initiation of tripping by the local protection if it detected a fault in forward direction.
  • Page 125 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.19 - 104. Directional blocking: Send signal generation. Figure. 6.3.19 - 105. Directional blocking: Trip command generation. D D ir irect underr ect underreaching transf eaching transfer trip (DUT er trip (DUTT T ) ) The IEC standard name of this mode of operation is Intertripping Underreach Protection (IUP).
  • Page 126 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.3 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.3.19 - 106. Directional Underreaching Transfer Trip: Send signal generation. Figure. 6.3.19 - 107. Directional Underreaching Transfer Trip: Trip command generation. Function block Figure.

  • Page 127: Inrush Current Detection (68)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.3 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Signal title Explanation Receive opp. 2 Signal2 received from the opposite end Z Gen.start Fw Protection start in forward direction Z Underreach Start Start of the underreaching zone (e.g. Z1) Z Overreach Start Start of the overreaching zone (e.g.

  • Page 128: Control, Monitoring And Measurements

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 The inrush current detection function block analyses the second harmonic content of the current, related to the fundamental harmonic. If the content is high, then the assigned status signal is set to “true”...
  • Page 129 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 The list of the sources of the WARNING state can be extended using the Common function block. This additional signal is programmed by the user with the help of the graphic logic editor. 2.
  • Page 130 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Table. 6.4.1 - 65. The binary output status signals. Binary output status signal Title Explanation Common_ExtWarning_GrO_ ExtWarning Input to generate a Warning state of the device. Common_ExtLoc1_GrO_ ExtLoc1 Input1 to set the state of group 1 to Local...

  • Page 131: Trip Logic (94)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.4.1 - 67. Setting parameters. Setting value/ Parameter Description range Ext LR "0" means no external local/remote setting is enabled, the local LCD touch-screen Source is the only source of toggling.
  • Page 132 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.2 - 112. Trip logic block #1 has been assigned as HV side trip to activate trip contact E02. Trip logic block #2 has been assigned as MV side trip to activate trip contact E04.

  • Page 133: Dead Line Detection (Dld)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.4.3 Dead line detection (DLD) The “Dead Line Detection” (DLD) function generates a signal indicating the dead or live state of the line.

  • Page 134: Voltage Transformer Supervision (Vts)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Table. 6.4.3 - 69. The binary input status signals. Binary status signal Explanation DLD_Blk_GrO_ Output status defined by the user to disable the dead line detection function. Table.
  • Page 135 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • Zero sequence detection (for typical applications in systems with grounded neutral): “VT failure” signal is generated if the residual voltage (3Uo) is above the preset voltage value AND the residual current (3Io) is below the preset current value.
  • Page 136 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.4 - 117. Decision logic of the voltage transformer supervision function. NOTICE! TICE! For the operation of the voltage transformer supervision function the “ Dead line detection function”...

  • Page 137: Current Transformer Supervision (Cts)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Table. 6.4.4 - 73. Setting parameters of the VTS function. Setting Parameter value/ Step Default Description range Neg. Operating mode selection for the function. Operation can be either Sequence Neg.

  • Page 138: Synchrocheck (Dv/Da/Df; 25)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Binary status signal Title Explanation CTSuperV_CtF CtFail ail_GrI_ CtFail CT failure signal Table. 6.4.5 - 75. Setting parameters. Setting Parameter Step Default Description value/range Operating mode selection for the function.
  • Page 139 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • Energizing check: ◦ Dead bus, live line ◦ Live bus, dead line ◦ Any Energizing case (including Dead bus, dead line) •...
  • Page 140 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 The SYN25_Com block selects the appropriate voltages for processing and calculates the voltage difference, the frequency difference and the phase angle difference between the selected voltages. The magnitude of the selected voltages is passed for further evaluation.
  • Page 141 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.6 - 122. Synchrocheck evaluation function structure. This evaluation software block is used for two purposes: for the automatic reclosing command (the signal names have the suffix “A”) and for the manual close request (the signal names have the suffix “M”).
  • Page 142 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.6 - 123. The function block of the synchrocheck/synchroswitch function. The progress is indicated by the output status signal (SynInProgr Auto/Manual). The started command can be canceled using the input signal (Cancel Auto/Manual).
  • Page 143 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Binary status signal Title Explanation FreqDiff OK The frequency difference is appropriate for automatic closing command, SYN25_FrOKA_GrI_ Auto evaluated for synchrocheck. Angle OK SYN25_AngOKA_GrI_ The angle difference is appropriate for automatic closing request.
  • Page 144 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Setting Parameter value/ Step Default Description range Automatic synchroswitching selection. Selection may be SynSW Auto enabled "On" or disabled "Off". DeadBus Energizing mode of automatic synchroswitching. Selections LiveLine Energizing DeadBus...

  • Page 145: Auto-Reclosing (Mv) (79)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting Parameter value/ Step Default Description range Phase difference checking of the manual synchroswitch mode. MaxPhaseDiff 5…80 deg 20 deg If the measured phase difference is below this setting the condition applies.
  • Page 146 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Cycles The automatic reclosing function can control up to four reclosing cycles, separately for earth faults and for multi-phase faults. Depending on the preset parameter values (EarthFaults Rec,Cycle) and (PhaseFaults Rec,Cycle), there are different modes of operation, both for earth faults and for multi- phase faults: •...
  • Page 147 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 If the conditions of the synchronous state are not fulfilled, another timer starts. The waiting time is defined by the user as parameter value (Sync-switch Max.Tim). This separate function controls the generation of the close command in case of relatively rotating voltage vectors for the circuit breaker to make contact at the synchronous state of the rotating vectors.
  • Page 148 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 • If the parameter (CB State Monitoring) is set to TRUE and the circuit breaker is in Open state, i.e., the value of the (CB OPEN position) status variable gets TRUE. •...

  • Page 149: Auto-Reclosing (Hv) (79)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting value/ Parameter Step Default Description range 10…1 000 000 Supervision 1 000 ms Waiting time for circuit breaker ready signal. Time Sync- 500…100 000 10 000...
  • Page 150 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 The starting signal of the cycles can be generated by any combination of the protection functions or external signals of the binary inputs. The selection is made by graphic equation programming. The automatic reclosing function is triggered if as a consequence of a fault a protection function generates a trip command to the circuit breaker and the protection function resets because the fault current drops to zero or the circuit breaker’s auxiliary contact signals open state.
  • Page 151 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 If the reset state of the TRIP command is selected to start the HV automatic reclosing function, then the conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The binary status variable to be programmed is: REC79_Tr_GrO_ (AutoReclosing Start).
  • Page 152 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Special dead time for the first cycle This special dead time can be necessary for the following reason: Assume a line between substations A and B, and a protection system without tele-protection. In the event of a three-phase fault near substation B, the protection at A generates a trip command according to the second zone’s time setting only, and starts measuring the dead time with considerable delay as compared to the protection at B, which generates a trip command immediately due to the close-in...
  • Page 153 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Reclosing with synchronous state supervision Reclosing is possible only if the conditions required by the “synchro-check” function are fulfilled. This state is signaled by the binary variable REC79_SynRel_GrO_ (SYNC Release). The conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor.
  • Page 154 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Behavior in case of evolving fault In case of evolving faults (when a single-phase fault detected changes to multi-phase fault), the behavior of the automatic reclosing function is controlled by the preset parameter value REC79_EvoFlt_EPar_ (Evolving fault).
  • Page 155 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 • The dead time is prolonged further then the preset parameter value REC79_DtDel_TPar_ (DeadTime Max.Delay). • The waiting time for the “SYNC Release” signal is too long. •...
  • Page 156 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Setting value/ Parameter Step Default Description range Disabled 1. Enabled PhaseFault 1.2. Enabled Selection of the number of reclosing sequences for line-to- RecCycle 1.2.3.

  • Page 157: Switch-On-To-Fault

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Setting value/ Parameter Step Default Description range 4.Dead 10…100 000 Dead time setting for the fourth reclosing cycle for multi- 800 ms Time 3Ph phase fault.
  • Page 158 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.9 - 124. The scheme of the switch-on-to-fault preparation. The binary input signals of the “switch-onto-fault” detection function are: • CBClose Manual close command to the circuit breaker. •...

  • Page 159: Voltage Variation (Voltage Sag And Swell)

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.4.10 Voltage variation (voltage sag and swell) Short duration voltage variations have an important role in the evaluation of power quality. Short duration voltage variations can be: •...
  • Page 160 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 The inputs of the sag and swell detection function are: • RMS values of the of three phase-to-phase voltages • Binary input •...

  • Page 161: Disturbance Recorder

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.10 - 130. Example sag and swell. 6.4.11 Disturbance recorder The disturbance recorder function can record analog signals and binary status signals. These signals are user configurable.

  • Page 162: Event Recorder

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Figure. 6.4.11 - 131. The function block of the disturbance recorder function. The binary input and output status signals of the dead line detection function are listed intables below. Table.
  • Page 163 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Trip L1 Trip command in phase L1 Trip L2 Trip command in phase L2 Trip L3 Trip command in phase L3 General Trip General trip command R R esid esidual instantaneous o...
  • Page 164 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Definit finite time o e time ov v er erv v olta oltage pr ge pro o t t ection function (T ection function (TO O V59) V59) Low Start L1...
  • Page 165 6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Rat t e e -of-change of fr -of-change of frequency pr equency pro o t t ection function (FR ection function (FRC81) C81) Low General Start Low setting stage general start signal...
  • Page 166 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Frequency Frequency violation CB1P CB1Pol ol Status value Status of the circuit breaker Enable Close Close command is enabled Enable Open Open command is enabled Local Local mode of operation Operation counter...

  • Page 167: Measured Values

    6 Software setup A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Instruction manual Version: 2.00 6.4.13 Measured values The measured values can be checked on the touch-screen of the device in the “On-line functions” page, or using an Internet browser of a connected computer. The displayed values are secondary voltages and currents, except the block “Line measurement”.

  • Page 168: Status Monitoring For Switching Devices

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 6 Software setup Instruction manual 6.4 Control, monitoring and measurements Version: 2.00 Analog value Explanation Line thermal pr Line thermal pro o t t ection ection Calc. Temperature Calculated line temperature S S ynchr ynchrocheck ocheck Voltage Diff...

  • Page 169: Line Diff Ential Communica A Tion Applic Tion Applica A Tions Tions

    7 Line differential communication applications A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7.1 Peer-to-peer communication Instruction manual Version: 2.00 7 Line differential communication applications This chapter is intended to explain different line differential protection communication methods with AQ 300 devices. 7.1 Peer-to-peer communication Direct link If dark fiber is available between two substations the peer-to-peer communication mode is recommended.

  • Page 170: Pilot Wire Application

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7 Line differential communication applications Instruction manual 7.2 Pilot wire application Version: 2.00 7.2 Pilot wire application Pilot wire application allows protection devices to communicate with each other via traditional copper wire. The xDSL technology supports high speed and reliable communication channel establishment via 2-8 wire copper lines.

  • Page 171: Line Differential Communication Via Telecom Networks

    7 Line differential communication applications A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7.3 Line differential communication via telecom networks Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Interface/connector Type @ MODEM side SFP multi-mode 1310 nm, LC connector 7.3 Line differential communication via telecom networks Communication via G.703 64 kbit/s co-directional interface (E0) The AQ 300 device also supports line differential communication via telecom networksusing G.703.1 64kbit/s co-directional interface type.
  • Page 172 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7 Line differential communication applications Instruction manual 7.3 Line differential communication via telecom networks Version: 2.00 Figure. 7.3 - 136. IEEE C37.94 communication scheme. Connector type: ST Wavelength: 850 nm Optical output power: -15 dBm Optical input sensitivity: -34 dBm Data rate: 64...768 kbit/s Communication via 2.048 Mbit/s (E1/T1) N×64 kbit/s interface...

  • Page 173: Redundant Line Differential Comunication

    7 Line differential communication applications A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7.4 Redundant line differential comunication Instruction manual Version: 2.00 7.4 Redundant line differential comunication The data interchange over the two communication channels is carried out in parallel way which enables hot standby operation.

  • Page 174: Three Terminal Line Differential Communication

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7 Line differential communication applications Instruction manual 7.5 Three terminal line differential communication Version: 2.00 Figure. 7.4 - 139. 100Base redundant communication scheme. 7.5 Three terminal line differential communication With an additional communication card added to AQ 300 device a three terminal line differential communication between IEDs can be implemented.

  • Page 175: Sy Y St Stem Int 8 S Em Integra Egration Tion

    8 System integration A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 7.5 Three terminal line differential communication Instruction manual Version: 2.00 8 System integration The AQ-L3x0 contains two ports for communicating to upper level supervisory system and one for process bus communication. The physical media or the ports can be either serial fiber optic or RJ-45 or Ethernet fiber optic.

  • Page 176: Block Diagrams

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 9 Connections Instruction manual 9.1 Block diagrams Version: 2.00 9 Connections 9.1 Block diagrams NOTICE! TICE! The structure of both AQ-L350 (the half-rack version) and AQ-L390 (the full rack version) is the same, except AQ-F390 has more option card slots available. Block diagram of AQ-L350 with minimum options Figure.

  • Page 177: Connection Example

    9 Connections A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 9.2 Connection example Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Block diagram of AQ-L350 with all options Figure. 9.1 - 142. Block diagram of AQ-L350 with all options installed. O12+ 1101 PS+ 1030 DI 1 DI 2 AQ-L350 DI 3...
  • Page 178 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 9 Connections Instruction manual 9.2 Connection example Version: 2.00 Figure. 9.2 - 143. Connection example of AQ-L350. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00073...

  • Page 179: Construction And Installation Tion

    10 Construction and installation A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10.1 Construction Instruction manual Version: 2.00 10 Construction and installation 10.1 Construction The Arcteq AQ-L3x0 line protection IED consists of hardware modules. Due to its modular structure the optional positions for the slots can be user defined in the ordering of the IED to include I/O modules and other types of additional modules.

  • Page 180: Cpu Module

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10 Construction and installation Instruction manual 10.2 CPU module Version: 2.00 Position Module identifier Explanation CPU+ 1281 Processor and communication module B, H, I Spare — 10.2 CPU module The CPU module contains all the protection, control and communication functions of the AQ-x3xx device.

  • Page 181: Binary Input Module(S)

    10 Construction and installation A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10.4 Binary input module(s) Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Main features of the power supply module: • 30 W input. • Maximum 100 ms power interruption time: measured at nominal input voltage with nominal power consumption.

  • Page 182: Binary Output Module(S)

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10 Construction and installation Instruction manual 10.5 Binary output module(s) Version: 2.00 10.5 Binary output module(s) Figure. 10.5 - 147. The binary output module R8+ 80. The signaling output modules can be ordered as 8 relay outputs with dry contacts. The binary output modules are: •...

  • Page 183: Tripping Module

    10 Construction and installation A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10.6 Tripping module Instruction manual Version: 2.00 10.6 Tripping module Figure. 10.6 - 148. The tripping module TRIP+ 2101. The tripping module applies direct control of a circuit breaker. The module provides fast operation and is rated for heavy duty controlling.

  • Page 184: Voltage Measurement Module

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10 Construction and installation Instruction manual 10.7 Voltage measurement module Version: 2.00 10.7 Voltage measurement module Figure. 10.7 - 149. The voltage measurement module VT+ 2211. For voltage related functions (over- /under -voltage, directional functions, distance function,power functions) or disturbance recorder functionality this module is needed.

  • Page 185: Current Measurement Module

    10 Construction and installation A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10.8 Current measurement module Instruction manual Version: 2.00 10.8 Current measurement module Figure. 10.8 - 150. Connector allocation of the current measurement module. Current measurement module is used for measuring current transformer output current. Module includes three phase current inputs and one zero sequence current input.

  • Page 186: Installation And Dimensions

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10 Construction and installation Instruction manual 10.9 Installation and dimensions Version: 2.00 10.9 Installation and dimensions Figure. 10.9 - 151. Dimensions of AQ-x35x IED. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00073...
  • Page 187 10 Construction and installation A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 10.9 Installation and dimensions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Figure. 10.9 - 152. Panel cut-out and spacing of AQ-x35x IED. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00073...

  • Page 188: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11 Technical data Instruction manual 11.1 Protection functions Version: 2.00 11 Technical data 11.1 Protection functions Breaker failure protection function CBFP, (50BF) Current inaccuracy <2 % Re-trip time Approx. 15ms Operation time inaccuracy + 5ms Current reset time 20ms Current unbalance protection function (60)
  • Page 189 11 Technical data A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11.1 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Pickup time 25 – 30ms Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection I0> (50N) Operating characteristic Instantaneous Picku-up current inaccuracy <2% Reset ratio 0.95 Operate time at 2*In <15 ms Peak value calculation <25 ms...
  • Page 190 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11 Technical data Instruction manual 11.1 Protection functions Version: 2.00 Operation time inaccuracy ±5% or ±15ms Reset ratio 0.95 Minimum operating time with IDMT 35ms Reset time Approx 35ms Transient overreach Pickup time 25 – 30ms Angular inaccuracy <3°...
  • Page 191 11 Technical data A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11.1 Protection functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Underfrequency protection function f< (81U) Operating range 40 - 70 Hz Operating range inaccuracy 30 mHz Effective range inaccuracy 2 mHz Minimum operating time 140 ms Operation time inaccuracy +10 ms...

  • Page 192: Control Functions

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11 Technical data Instruction manual 11.2 Control functions Version: 2.00 Voltage effective range 2-110% of Un ±1% of Un Impedance effective range 0.1-200 Ohm In=1A ±5% 0.1-40 Ohm In=5A 48Hz-52Hz ±5% Zone static accuracy 49.5-50.5Hz ±2% Operate time...

  • Page 193: Monitoring Functions

    11 Technical data A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11.3 Monitoring functions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 11.3 Monitoring functions Current transformer supervision function CTS Pick-up starting inaccuracy at In <2% Minimum operation time 70ms Reset ratio 0.95 Voltage transformer supervision function VTS Pick-up voltage inaccuracy Operation time inaccuracy <20 ms...
  • Page 194 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11 Technical data Instruction manual 11.4 Hardware Version: 2.00 Current measurement module 1/5A (parameter settable) Nominal current 0.2A (ordering option) Number of channels per module 50Hz Rated frequency 60Hz (ordering option) Burden <0.1VA at rated current 20A (continuous) Thermal withstand 500A (for 1s)

  • Page 195: Tests And Environmental Conditions

    11 Technical data A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11.5 Tests and environmental conditions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 Breaking capacity 0.2A (L/R=40ms, 220Vdc) Binary output module Rated voltage Un 250Vac/dc Number of outputs per module 7 (NO) + 1(NC) Continuous carry Breaking capacity 0.2A (L/R=40ms, 220Vdc) High speed trip module...
  • Page 196 A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11 Technical data Instruction manual 11.5 Tests and environmental conditions Version: 2.00 Impulse test voltage acc- to IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50us, 0.5J Mechanical tests 2 ... 13.2 Hz ±3.5mm Vibration test 13.2 ... 100Hz, ±1.0g Shock/Bump test acc.

  • Page 197: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion

    12 Ordering information A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 11.5 Tests and environmental conditions Instruction manual Version: 2.00 12 Ordering information Visit https://configurator.arcteq.fi/ to build a hardware configuration, define an ordering code and get a module layout image. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00073...

  • Page 198: Contact And R Ence Informa Ormation Tion

    A A Q Q -L3x0 -L3x0 13 Contact and reference information Instruction manual 11.5 Tests and environmental conditions Version: 2.00 13 Contact and reference information Manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370...

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