Page 1 AQ-F255 Feeder protection device Instruction manual...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table of contents 1 Document inf 1 Document informa ormation tion ..............................................6 6 1.1 Version 2 revision notes ......................6 1.2 Version 1 revision notes ......................9 1.3 Safety information ........................ 10 1.4 Abbreviations........................
Page 3 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.5.3 Parallel voltage regulator..................306 4.5.4 Setting group selection .................... 314 4.5.5 Object control and monitoring.................. 321 4.5.6 Single-pole object control and monitoring ..............332 4.5.7 Indicator object monitoring ..................341 4.5.8 Auto-recloser (79) ....................
Page 4 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5 Option cards........................516 7.5.1 Digital input module (optional).................. 516 7.5.2 Digital output module (optional) ................519 7.5.3 Point sensor arc protection module (optional) ............520 7.5.4 RTD input module (optional) ..................522 7.5.5 Serial RS-232 communication module (optional)............
Page 5 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.18 Overpower (P>; 32O), underpower (P<; 32U) and reverse power (Pr; 32R) protection ....................... 564 8.2.1.19 Power protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32).............. 565 8.2.1.20 Underimpedance protection (Z<; 21U) ............. 566 8.2.1.21 Voltage-restrained overcurrent protection (Iv>;...
Page 6 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Disclaimer Please read these instructions carefully before using the equipment or taking any other actions with respect to the equipment. Only trained and qualified persons are allowed to perform installation, operation, service or maintenance of the equipment.
Page 7: Document Inf
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 1 Document information 1.1 Version 2 revision notes Table. 1.1 - 1. Version 2 revision notes Revision 2.00 Date 6.6.2019 - New more consistent look. - Improved descriptions generally in many chapters. - Improved readability of a lot of drawings and images.
Page 8 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 - Terminology consistency improved (e.g. binary inputs are now always called digital inputs). - Tech data modified to be more informative about what type of measurement inputs are used (phase currents/voltages, residual currents/voltages), what component of that measurement is available (RMS, TRMS, peak-to-peak) and possible calculated measurement values (powers, impedances, angles etc.).
Page 9 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Revision 2.06 Date 21.6.2022 - AQ-F255 Functions included list added: Voltage-restrained overcurrent (Iv>) - Connections image updated - Improved descriptions generally in many chapters. - Improved readability of a lot of drawings and images. - Added synchronizer, single-pole object and single-pole overcurrent protection.
Page 10: Version 1 Revision Notes
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 - Updated the Arcteq logo on the cover page and refined the manual's visual look. - Added the "Safety information" chapter and changed the notes throughout the document accordingly.
Page 11: Safety Information
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Measurement value recorder description added. • ZCT connection added to the current measurement description. • Internal harmonics blocking added to the I>, I0>, Idir>, and I0dir> function descriptions. •...
Page 12: Abbreviations
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 1.4 Abbreviations AI – Analog input AR – Auto-recloser ASDU – Application service data unit AVR – Automatic voltage regulator BCD – Binary-coded decimal CB – Circuit breaker CBFP –...
Page 13 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 1 Document information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 I/O – Input and output IRIG-B – Inter-range instruction group, timecode B LCD – Liquid-crystal display LED – Light emitting diode LV – Low voltage NC – Normally closed NO –...
Page 14: General
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 2 General Instruction manual Version: 2.11 2 General The AQ-F255 feeder protection device is a member of the AQ 250 product line. The hardware and software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions.
Page 15: Device User Int Vice User Interface Erface
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 3 Device user interface Instruction manual Version: 2.11 3 Device user interface 3.1 Panel structure The user interface section of an AQ 200 or AQ 250 series device is divided into two user interface sections: one for the hardware and the other for the software.
Page 16: Configuring User Levels And Their Passwords
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 3 Device user interface Instruction manual Version: 2.11 When the unit is powered on, the green "Power" LED is lit. When the red "Error" LED is lit, the device has an internal (hardware or software) error that affects the operation of the unit. The activation of the yellow "Start"...
Page 17 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 3 Device user interface Instruction manual Version: 2.11 You can set a new password for a user level by selecting the key icon next to the user level's name. After this you can lock the user level by pressing the R R e e t t urn urn key while the lock is selected.
Page 18: Functions Unctions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4 Functions 4.1 Functions included in AQ-F255 The AQ-F255 feeder protection device includes the following functions as well as the number of stages for those functions. Table. 4.1 - 3. Protection functions of AQ-F255. Name (number of ANSI...
Page 19 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name (number of ANSI Description stages) f> f>> f>>> f>>>> 81O/ FRQV (8) Overfrequency and underfrequency protection f< f<< f<<< f<<<< df/dt>/< ROCOF (8) Rate-of-change of frequency (1…8) I2>...
Page 20 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name (number of ANSI Description stages) Transformer status monitoring TRF (1) Incl Included in function packa uded in function package "V". ge "V". Transformer thermal overload protection TOLT (1) TT>...
Page 21: Measurements
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name ANSI Description Disturbance recorder Circuit breaker wear monitor Total harmonic distortion 21FL Fault locator MREC Measurement recorder VREC Measurement value recorder Running hour counter Incl Included in function packa uded in function package "V".
Page 22 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.1 - 2. Current measurement terminology. P P RI: RI: The primary current, i.e. the current which flows in the primary circuit and through the primary side of the current transformer.
Page 23 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The device calculates the scaling factors based on the set values of the CT primary, the CT secondary and the nominal current settings. The device measures the secondary current, the current output from the current transformer installed into application's primary circuit.
Page 24 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • The phase currents are connected to the I01 residual via a Holmgren connection. • The starpoint of the phase current CT's secondary current is towards the line. Phase CT scaling Next, to scale the current to per-unit values, we have to select whether the basis of the phase CT scaling is the protected object's nominal current or the CT primary value.
Page 25 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Once the measurement scaling is tied to the protected object's nominal current, the user must set the appropriate input for the "Nominal current In" setting. One can now see the differences between the two scaling options (CT nominal vs.
Page 26 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.1 - 8. Scalings display (based on the CT nominal). Figure. 4.2.1 - 9. Scalings display (based on the protected object's nominal current). As the images above show, the scaling selection does not affect how primary and secondary currents are displayed (as actual values).
Page 27 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.1 - 10. Connections of ZCT scaling. Troubleshooting When the measured current values differ from the expected current values, the following table offers possible solutions for the problems. W W ARNING! ARNING! If you work with energized CTs, extreme caution needs to be taken when checking the...
Page 28 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Problem Solution The phase currents are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all phases is incorrect. In device settings, go to Measurement → Phasors and check the "Phase current vectors"...
Page 29 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.1 - 11. Common phase polarity problems. The following image presents the most common problems with network rotation (mix phases). These problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the device. If two phases are mixed together, the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1-IL3-IL2 and the measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1.00 (in.
Page 30 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.1 - 12. Common network rotation (mixed phases) problems. Settings Table. 4.2.1 - 7. Settings of the Phase CT scaling. Name Range Step Default Description Scale • CT nom p.u. •...
Page 31 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio between the set primary current and the set CT scaling nominal current. This parameter is only visible if the factor NOM option "Object In p.u."...
Page 32 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.1 - 10. Per-unit phase current measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current 0.000…1 The current fundamental frequency component (in p.u.) × In 0.001 250.000 from each of the phase current channels. ("Pha.curr.ILx") Phase current ILx TRMS...
Page 33 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.1 - 14. Per-unit residual current measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description The current measurement fundamental frequency Residual current I0x 0.00…1 × In 0.01 component (in p.u.) from the residual current channel I01 ("Res.curr.I0x") 250.00 or I02.
Page 34 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.1 - 17. Residual phase angle measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Residual current angle I0x The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or 0.00…360.00 0.01 ("Res.curr.angle I02 current input.
Page 35 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary zero sequence current The secondary measurement from the calculated 0.00…300.00 0.01 ("Sec.Zero sequence zero sequence current. curr.") Table. 4.2.1 - 21. Sequence phase angle measurements. Name Unit Range...
Page 36 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Where: • I = the magnitude of a phase current or a residual current • φ = the angle difference between the phase or residual voltage and the phase or residual current. The following measurements are available from the measured current channels.
Page 37 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Unit Range Step Description Primary positive sequence resistive –100 000.00 The primary resistive current component measurement current 0.01 …100 000.00 from the positive sequence current channel. ("Pos.Seq. Resistive Current Pri.") Primary positive sequence reactive...
Page 38: Voltage Measurement And Scaling
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling The voltage measurement module (VT module, or VTM) is used for measuring the voltages from voltage transformers. The voltage measurements are updated every 5 milliseconds. The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions.
Page 39 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.2 - 14. Connections. The following table presents the initial data of the connection. Table. 4.2.2 - 26. Initial data. P P ha hase v se volta oltage V ge VT T Z Z er ero sequence v...
Page 40 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.2 - 15. Example connections for voltage line-to-line measurement. If only two line-to-line voltages are measured, the third one (U ) is calculated based on the U vectors.
Page 41 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The image collection below presents the device's behavior when nominal voltage is injected into the device via secondary test equipment. The measurement mode is 3LN+U4 which means that the device is measuring line-to-neutral voltages.
Page 42 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Problem Check / Resolution The voltages are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of The measured one or all phases is incorrect. In device settings, go to Measurement → Phasors and voltage amplitudes are check the "System voltage vectors"...
Page 43 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Defines how the secondary voltage is scaled to the primary. "Broken Delta" is the most common mode. Does not affect how protection operates, it only affects the displayed primary voltages.
Page 44 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description The selection of the fourth voltage measurement channel's (U4) polarity (direction). The default setting is for the U4 Polarity positive voltage to flow from connector 7 to connector 8, with the secondary voltage's starpoint pointing towards the line.
Page 45 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.2 - 30. Secondary voltage measurements. Name Range Step Description Secondary The secondary voltage measurement fundamental frequency voltage Ux 0.00…500.00V 0.01V component from each of the voltage channels. ("Ux Volt sec") Secondary voltage Ux...
Page 46 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.2 - 34. Secondary sequence voltage measurements. Name Range Step Description Secondary positive 0.00…4 The secondary measurement from the calculated positive sequence voltage 0.01V 800.00V sequence voltage. ("Pos.seq.Volt.sec") Secondary negative 0.00…4...
Page 47 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description System voltage magnitude 0.00…1 The primary line-to-neutral UL1 voltage fundamental frequency component 0.01V (measured or calculated). You can also select the row where the unit for this is ("System 000.00V volt UL1...
Page 48 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description System voltage angle UL23 0.00…360.00° 0.01° The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated). ("System volt UL23 ang") System voltage angle UL31 0.00…360.00° 0.01° The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated). ("System volt UL31 ang")
Page 49 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.2.2 - 38. Harmonic voltage measurements. Name Range Step Description Harmonics calculation values • Percent Defines whether the harmonics are calculated as percentages ("Harm Abs.or • Absolute or absolute values.
Page 50 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.2 - 19. Distance protection characteristics and directional overcurrent. Voltage memory activates when the above-mentioned criteria are met. Voltage memory uses the "VMEM activation voltage" parameter as voltage amplitude even when the actual measured voltage has decreased below it or close to zero.
Page 51 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 VMEM activ VMEM activa a tion v tion volta oltage ge and Mea Measur sured curr ed current condition 3I> ent condition 3I> When the voltage memory function is enabled, it activates when all line voltages drop below the "VMEM activation voltage"...
Page 52: Power And Energy Calculation
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names M1VT1 Voltage memory blocked ON M1VT1 Voltage memory blocked OFF 4.2.3 Power and energy calculation Power is divided into three magnitudes: apparent power (S), active power (P) and reactive power (Q). Energy measurement calculates magnitudes for active and reactive energy.
Page 53 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.2.3 - 23. Three-phase reactive power (Q) calculation. Active power can be to the forward or the reverse direction. The direction of active power can be indicated with the power factor (Cos (φ), or Cosine phi), which is calculated according the following formula: The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants.
Page 54 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 If the line-to-line voltages are measured but the zero sequence voltage is not measured or is not otherwise known, the three-phase power calculation is based on Aron’s theorem: Both cos(φ) and tan(φ) are calculated in the same way as in the line-to-neutral mode.
Page 55 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • Undefined • Q1 Fwd Cap AV Indicates what the power VA quadrant is at VA Quadrant • Q2 Rev Ind AV Undefined that moment.
Page 56 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • 3PH.Fwd.Act.EP Selects whether the energy is active DC 1…4 • 3PH.Rev.Avt.EP or reactive, whether the direction of Input • 3PH.Fwd.React.EQ.CAP 3PH.Fwd.Act.EP the energy is forward of reverse, and signal •...
Page 57 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description 3PH Power factor 0.0001 The three-phase power factor -1x10 …1x10 Table. 4.2.3 - 44. Single-phase power calculations (L1...L3). Name Unit Range Step Description Lx Apparent power (S) kVA 0.01 The apparent power of Phase Lx in kilo-volt-amperes -1x10...
Page 58 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description Apparent Energy (S) while Export The total amount of exported apparent energy 0.01 -1x10 …1x10 (P) (kVAh or MVAh) while active energy is exported. Apparent Energy (S) while Import The total amount of exported apparent energy 0.01...
Page 59 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Value Name Value Name Value Name Value L1 (S) L1 (S) 4.08 MVA L2 (S) L2 (S) 6.15 MVA L3 (S) L3 (S) 9.77 MVA 3PH (S) H (S) 20.00 MVA L1 (P)
Page 60: Frequency Tracking And Scaling
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Values 3PH (S) 20.00 MVA 3PH (P) 17.32 MW 3PH (Q) 0.00 Mvar 3PH Tan 0.00 3PH Cos 0.87 4.2.4 Frequency tracking and scaling Measurement sampling can be set to the frequency tracking mode or to the fixed user- defined frequency sampling mode.
Page 61 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The measurement error with a fixed 50 Hz sampling The measurement error with frequency tracking frequency when the frequency changes. The constant when the frequency changes. The constant current current is 5 A, the frequency sweep is from 6 Hz to 75 is 5 A, the frequency sweep is from 6 Hz to 75 Hz.
Page 62 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Sampling Displays the tracking frequency that is in use at frequency in 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - that moment. • None • CT1IL1 Frequency • CT2IL1 CT1IL1 The first reference source for frequency tracking.
Page 63: General Menu
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - channel A in Channel A. Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - channel B in Channel B.
Page 64 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.3 - 49. The General menu read-only parameters Name Description Serial number The unique serial number identification of the unit. Firmware version The firmware software version of the unit. Hardware configuration The order code identification of the unit.
Page 65 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • All • COM A If the device has a double Ethernet option card it is possible to AQtivate • Double choose which ports are available for connecting with AQtivate ethernet port Ethernet software.
Page 66: Protection Functions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Reconfigure • - Reloads the mimic to the unit. mimic • Reconfigure Table. 4.3 - 51. General menu logical inputs. Name Description Reset last fault registers Signal set to this point can be used for resetting latest recorded fault register.
Page 67 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.1 - 52. Measurement inputs of the I> function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current...
Page 68 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal • Start • Trip • Blocked • Start A • Start B • Start C • Trip A • Trip B • Trip C Force the status of the function.
Page 69 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.1 - 55. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of NOC block. • Blocked I> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour •...
Page 70 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description harmonic blocking limit Defines the limit of the 2 0.10…50.00%I 0.01%I 0.01%I fund fund fund (Iharm/Ifund) harmonic blocking. If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further.
Page 71 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.1 - 57. Event messages. Event block name Event names NOC1...NOC4 Start ON NOC1...NOC4 Start OFF NOC1...NOC4 Trip ON NOC1...NOC4 Trip OFF NOC1...NOC4 Block ON NOC1...NOC4 Block OFF NOC1...NOC4 Phase A Start ON NOC1...NOC4...
Page 72: Single-Pole Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active. 4.4.2 Single-pole non-directional overcurrent protection (I>; 50/51) The single-pole non-directional overcurrent function is used for instant and time-delayed overcurrent and short-circuit protection.
Page 73 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Peak-to-peak measurement of phase L3 (C) current General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group.
Page 74 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 75 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.2 - 63. Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings. Name Range Step Default Description Inrush harmonic blocking • No Enables and disables the 2 (internal-only trip) • Yes harmonic blocking.
Page 76: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names NOCS1 L2 Start OFF NOCS1 L3 Start ON NOCS1 L3 Start OFF NOCS1 L1 Trip ON NOCS1 L1 Trip OFF NOCS1 L2 Trip ON NOCS1 L2 Trip OFF NOCS1...
Page 77 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.3 - 27. Simplified function block diagram of the I0> fucntion. Measured input The function block uses residual current measurement values. The available analog measurement channels are I and I (residual current measurement) and I (residual current calculated from...
Page 78 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.3 - 67. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description Setting • Disabled Activating this parameter permits changing the pick-up level of the control from Disabled •...
Page 79 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.3 - 69. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of NEF block. • Blocked I0> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour •...
Page 80 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further. If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick-up signal is reset.
Page 81: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Fault current Start/Trip current Pre-fault current Start -200ms current Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active. 4.4.4 Directional overcurrent protection (Idir>; 67) The directional overcurrent function is used for instant and time-delayed overcurrent and short-circuits.
Page 82 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current TRMS...
Page 83 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pick-up settings The I setting parameter controls the pick-up of the I> function. This defines the maximum allowed measured current before action from the function. The function constantly calculates the ratio between the I and the measured magnitude ( I ) for each of the three phases.
Page 84 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.4 - 29. Angle tracking of the Idir> function (3LN/3LL + U mode). Please note in the picture above that the tripping area is linked to the angle of the positive sequence voltage U .
Page 85 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.4 - 31. When Idir> function has been set to "Non-directional" the function works basically just like a traditional non-directional overcurrent protection function. Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 86 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description meas The ratio between the highest measured phase current and the 0.00...1250.00I 0.01I at the pick-up value. moment Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input.
Page 87: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names DOC1...DOC4 Start OFF DOC1...DOC4 Trip ON DOC1...DOC4 Trip OFF DOC1...DOC4 Block ON DOC1...DOC4 Block OFF DOC1...DOC4 No voltage, Blocking ON DOC1...DOC4 Voltage measurable, Blocking OFF DOC1...DOC4 Measuring live angle ON DOC1...DOC4...
Page 88 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.5 - 32. Simplified function block diagram of the I0dir> function. Measured input The function block uses residual current measurement values and neutral voltage measurement values. The available residual current measurement channels are I and I (residual current measurement) and I0Calc (residual current calculated from phase current).The user can select the...
Page 89 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. Table.
Page 90 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.5 - 82. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description 0.005…40.00×I 0.001×I 1.20×I Current pick-up setting 1…75%U 0.01%U 20%U Voltage pick-up setting • Unearthed [32N Var] • Petersen coil GND [32N Watt] Grounding...
Page 91 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Unearthed network Figure. 4.4.5 - 33. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (unearthed network model) (32N) When the unearthed (capacitive) network mode is chosen, the function expects the fault current to be lagging zero sequence voltage by 90 degrees.
Page 92 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The resistance of the fault affects the size of the voltage drop during a fault. In direct earth fault the zero sequence voltage amplitude is equal to the system's line-to-earth voltage. In direct earth fault the voltage of a faulty phase drops close to zero and healthy phase voltages increase to the amplitude of line-to-line voltages.
Page 93 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 When the Petersen coil earthed (compensated) network mode is chosen, the function expects the fault current to be in the opposite direction to the zero sequence voltage. Healthy phases of both healthy and faulty feeders produce a capacitive current similar to the unearthed network.
Page 94 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Directly earthed or small impedance network (67N) Figure. 4.4.5 - 35. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (directly earthed or small impedance network). In a directly earthed network the amplitude of a single-phase fault current is similar to the amplitude of a short-circuit current.
Page 95 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Broad range mode with multi-criteria detection for unearthed and compensated networks When detecting earth faults in compensated long-distance cables and overhead lines, it is in some cases difficult to distinguish between a healthy and a faulty feeder. Merely measuring the angle and the magnitude of residual voltage and currents is not always enough, as changes in symmetrical components of phase currents and voltages are also needed.
Page 96 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The new broad range mode is capable of detecting an earth fault directionally in both unearthed and compensated networks not only by combining the two stages together but by using a new multi-criteria detection.
Page 97 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description • Normal I0dir> • Start Displays the status of the protection function. condition • Trip • Blocked Displays which voltage channel is used by the function. If no voltage channel has been selected the function •...
Page 98 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.5 - 84. Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings. Name Range Step Default Description Inrush harmonic blocking • No Enables and disables the 2 (internal-only trip) • Yes harmonic blocking.
Page 99: Intermittent Earth Fault Protection (I0Int>; 67Nt)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event name DEF1...DEF4 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF1...DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF1...DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip OFF DEF1...DEF4 I0Sinfi Trip ON DEF1...DEF4 I0Sinfi Trip OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately.
Page 100 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 This phenomenon is becoming more frequent as more utilities networks are replacing overhead lines with cables dug into the ground. This development in distribution networks is very understandable as overhead lines are more vulnerable to possible seasonal storm damages.
Page 101 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.6 - 38. An intermittent earth fault in a medium size network tuned close to resonance, as seen by a protection relay of a faulty feeder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 102 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.6 - 39. An intermittent earth fault in a network tuned close to resonance, as seen by a protection relay of a healthy feeder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 103 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.6 - 40. An intermittent earth fault in an undercompensated medium size network, as seen by protection relay of a faulty feeder. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 104 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.6 - 41. Undercompensated medium size network intermittent earth fault seen by a protection relay of a healthy feeder. As can be seen from the figures above, the residual voltage is high both in the network tuned close to resonance and in the undercompensated network.
Page 105 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 More detailed information of the patent can be found on the European Patent Office webpages. The patent's data code is EP3213381 (A1). A link to the patent: https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/ biblio?II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20170906&CC=EP&NR=3213381A1&KC=A1.
Page 106 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting parameter Value Definite operating time delay 0.500 s Spikes to trip > The best verification for the settings is a field test with a test system capable of intermittent earth faults. One network characteristic may vary significantly from another.
Page 107 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pick-up settings The setting parameters U0 Detect spike> and I0 Detect spike > control the pick-up of the I0int> function. They define the maximum allowed measured residual current and voltage before action from the function.
Page 108 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.
Page 109 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and BLOCKED events. Table.
Page 110: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.7 Negative sequence overcurrent/ phase current reversal/ current unbalance protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L) The current unbalance function is used for instant and time-delayed unbalanced network protection and for detecting broken conductors. The number of stages in the function depends on the device model.
Page 111 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current measurement 5 ms Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current measurement 5 ms Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement 5 ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function.
Page 112 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 113 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • t = Operating time • I = Calculated negative sequence 2meas • k = Constant k value (user settable delay multiplier) • I = Pick-up setting of the function Figure.
Page 114: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.7 - 98. Event messages. Event block name Event names CUB1...CUB4 Start ON CUB1...CUB4 Start OFF CUB1...CUB4 Trip ON CUB1...CUB4 Trip OFF CUB1...CUB4 Block ON CUB1...CUB4 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.
Page 115 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.8 - 44. Simplified function block diagram of the Ih> function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values from phase or residual currents. Each measurement input of the function block uses RMS (fundamental frequency component) values and harmonic components of the selected current input.
Page 116 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base The magnitudes (RMS) of phase L2 (B) current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic...
Page 117 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base The magnitudes (RMS) of residual I0 current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic...
Page 118 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • 2 harmonic • 3 harmonic • 4 harmonic • 5 harmonic • 6 harmonic • 7 Harmonic harmonic Selection of the monitored harmonic component. selection harmonic •...
Page 119 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Pick-up setting Ih/IL 5.00…200.00% 0.01% 20.00% (percentage monitoring) Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 120 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT) and inverse definite minimum time delay (IDMT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function"...
Page 121: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.9 Circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP; 50BF/52BF) The circuit breaker failure protection function is used for monitoring the circuit breaker operation after it has received a TRIP signal. The function can also be used to retrip a failing breaker; if the retrip fails, an incoming feeder circuit breaker can be tripped by using the function's CBFP output.
Page 122 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of residual input I measurement Calculated residual current from the phase current inputs 0Calc General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group.
Page 123 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.9 - 109. Operating mode and input signals selection. Name Range Step Default Description • Not in Selects the residual current monitoring source, which can be Not in I0Input •...
Page 124 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.9 - 111. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Description • On • Blocked Displays the mode of CBF block. CBFP LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is behaviour •...
Page 125 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The following figures present some typical cases of the CBFP function. Trip, Retrip and CBFP in the device configuration Figure. 4.4.9 - 46. Wiring diagram when Trip, Retrip and CBFP are configured to the device. The retrip functionality can be used in applications whose circuit breaker has a retrip or a redundant trip coil available.
Page 126 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 47. Retrip and CBFP when "Current" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated and the counters for RETRIP and CBFP start calculating the set operating time.
Page 127 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 48. Retrip and CBFP when "Current and DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated.
Page 128 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 49. Retrip and CBFP when "Current or DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, or the TRIP signal reaches the primary protection stage, the function starts counting down towards the RETRIP and CBFP signals.
Page 129 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Trip and CBFP in the device configuration Figure. 4.4.9 - 50. Wiring diagram when Trip and CBFP are configured to the device. Probably the most common application is when the device's trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil, while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function.
Page 130 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 51. CBFP when "Current" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated and the counter for CBFP starts calculating the set operating time. The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration.
Page 131 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 52. CBFP when "Current and DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated.
Page 132 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.9 - 53. CBFP when "Current or DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, or the TRIP signal reaches the primary protection stage, the function starts counting down towards the CBFP signal.
Page 133 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure. 4.4.9 - 54. Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 134 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Some applications require a dedicated circuit breaker protection unit. When the CBFP function is configured to operate with a digital input signal, it can be used in these applications. When a device is used for this purpose, the tripping signal is wired to the device's digital input and the device's own TRIP signal is used only for the CBFP purpose.
Page 135 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names CBF1 Retrip ON CBF1 Retrip OFF CBF1 CBFP ON CBF1 CBFP OFF CBF1 Block ON CBF1 Block OFF CBF1 DO monitor ON CBF1 DO monitor OFF CBF1 Signal ON...
Page 136: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.10 Low-impedance or high-impedance restricted earth fault/ cable end differential protection (I0d>; 87N) The low-impedance or high-impedance restricted earth fault function is used for residual differential current measurement for transformers. This function can also be used as the cable end differential function.
Page 137 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Angle of phase L2 (B) current Angle of phase L3 (C) current Angle of residual input I01 Angle of residual input I02 General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function.
Page 138 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Differential current calculation mode. This matches the directions of the calculated and measured residual currents to the application. The default setting (Add) means that •...
Page 139 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.10 - 58. "I0 direction" parameter must be set to "Add" when current transformers are facing each other or away from each other. The following figure presents the differential characteristics with default settings. Figure.
Page 140 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.10 - 61. Bias current (the calculation is based on the user-selected mode). Figure. 4.4.10 - 62. Characteristics settings. Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 141 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 {{Default-Series}}. 4.4.10 - 1. The following figures present some typical applications for this function. Figure. 4.4.10 - 63. Cable end differential with natural unbalance in the phase current measurement. When calculating residual current from the phase currents, the natural unbalance can be around 10 % while the used CTs are still within the promised 5P class (which is probably the most common CT accuracy class).
Page 142 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.10 - 64. Cable end differential when a fault occurs. If a starting fault occurs in the cable end, the CED mode catches the difference between the ingoing and the outgoing residual currents.
Page 143 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.10 - 65. Restricted earth fault outside a Y winding transformer. If the fault is located inside of the transformer and thus inside of the protection area, the function catches the fault with high sensitivity.
Page 144 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.10 - 66. Restricted earth fault inside a Y winding transformer. Events and registers The restricted earth fault function (abbreviated "REF" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below.
Page 145: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.10 - 119. Event messages. Event block name Event names REF1 I0d> (87N) Trip ON REF1 I0d> (87N) Trip OFF REF1 I0d> (87N) Block ON REF1 I0d> (87N) Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.
Page 146 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.11 - 67. Simplified function block diagram of the U> function. Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of line-to-line or line-to-neutral (as the user selects).
Page 147 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.11 - 68. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 4.4.11 - 69. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). ©...
Page 148 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.11 - 70. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 2LL+U3+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). P-P Voltages and P-E Voltages selections follow phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltages in the first three voltage channels (or two first voltage channels in the 2LL+U3+U4 mode).
Page 149 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.11 - 124. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description • 1 voltage Operation mode • 2 voltages 1 voltage Pick-up criteria selection • 3 voltages 50.00…150.00%U 0.01%U 105%U Pick-up setting...
Page 150 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.
Page 151 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Definite time operating delay. The setting is active and visible Definite when DT is the selected delay type. operating 0.000…800.000s 0.005s 0.040s When set to 0.000 s, the stage operates as instant stage time without added delay.
Page 152: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names OV1...OV4 Start OFF OV1...OV4 Trip ON OV1...OV4 Trip OFF OV1...OV4 Block ON OV1...OV4 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately.
Page 153 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.12 - 71. Simplified function block diagram of the U< function. Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of line-to-line or line-to-neutral (as the user selects).
Page 154 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.12 - 72. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN+U4 VT connection. Figure. 4.4.12 - 73. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). ©...
Page 155 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.12 - 74. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 2LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). P-P Voltages and P-E Voltages selections follow phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltages in the first three voltage channels (or two first voltage channels in the 2LL+U3+U4 mode).
Page 156 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.12 - 133. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description 0.00…120.00%U 0.01%U 60%U Pick-up setting U Block Block setting. If set to zero, blocking is not in use. The 0.00…100.00%U 0.01%U 10%U...
Page 157 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description The primary voltage level required for trip blocking. If the measured voltage is below this value, the network is U< block 0.0...1 000 000.0V 0.1V considered de-energized and the function will not trip.
Page 158 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Definite time operation (DT): gives the TRIP signal after a user-defined time delay regardless of the measured voltage as long as the voltage is above the U value and thus the pick-up element is active (independent time characteristics).
Page 159 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Operating timer resetting characteristics selection. When Time calc actived, the operating time counter is reset after a set reset after • No release time if the pick-up element is not activated during release •...
Page 160: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Register Description Event Event name Fault type A…A-B-C Pre-trigger voltage Start/Trip -20ms voltage Fault voltage Start/Trip voltage Pre-fault voltage Start -200ms voltage Trip time remaining 0 ms...1800s Used SG Setting group 1...8 active 4.4.13 Neutral overvoltage protection (U0>;...
Page 161 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.13 - 78. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. Figure. 4.4.13 - 79. Simplified function block diagram of the U0> function. Measured input The function block uses phase-to-neutral voltage magnitudes or calculated zero sequence component (as the user selects).
Page 162 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group. Table.
Page 163 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of NOV block. U0> LN • Blocked mode • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour •...
Page 164 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics).
Page 165 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Operating timer resetting characteristics selection. When Time calc active, the operating time counter is reset after a set release reset after • No time if the pick-up element is not activated during this time.
Page 166: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Pn)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.13 - 145. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Fault type L1-G…L1-L2-L3 Pre-trigger voltage Start/Trip -20ms voltage Fault voltage Start/Trip voltage Pre-fault voltage Start -200ms voltage Trip time remaining...
Page 167 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.14 - 81. Earth fault in an isolated network. Figure. 4.4.14 - 82. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. Negative sequence voltage calculation Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation).
Page 168 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.14 - 84. Earth fault in isolated network. Figure. 4.4.14 - 85. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. Figure. 4.4.14 - 86. Simplified function block diagram of the U1/U2>/< function. ©...
Page 169 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral and zero sequence voltage measurements. The user can select the monitored magnitude to be either positive sequence voltage or negative sequence voltage values. Table.
Page 170 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.14 - 148. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description Pick- • Over > Selects whether the function picks-up when the monitored Over> • Under< voltage is under or over the set pick-up value. terms 5.00…150.00%U 0.01%U...
Page 171 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description U1/2 >/< The primary voltage required for tripping. The displayed Pick-up 0.0...1 000 000.0V 0.1V pick-up voltage level depends on the pick-up setting and setting the voltage transformer settings.
Page 172 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Where: • t = operating time • k = time dial setting • U = measured voltage • U = pick-up setting • a = IDMT multiplier setting The following table presents the setting parameters for the function's time characteristics.
Page 173 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release. When using this option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re-activated while the release time count is on-going.
Page 174: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.15 Overfrequency and underfrequency protection (f>/<; 81O/81U) The frequency protection function can be used both in overfrequency and in underfrequency situations, and it has four (4) stages for both. Frequency protection can be applied to protect feeder, bus, transformer, motor and generator applications.
Page 175 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.15 - 89. Simplified function block diagram of the f< function. Measured input The frequency protection function compares the measured frequency to the pick-up setting (given in Hz).
Page 176 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description f> enable f>> enable f>>> enable f>>>> enable • No Enables or disables the stage. f< enable • Yes f<< enable f<<< enable f<<<< enable f>...
Page 177 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset".
Page 178: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Events and registers The frequency function (abbreviated "FRQV" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 179 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.16 - 90. Operation of the df/dt>/< function when the frequency starts but doesn’t trip. The figure above presents an example of the df/dt>/< function's operation when the frequency is decreasing.
Page 180 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Measured input The rate-of-change of frequency protection function compares the measured df/dt>/< ratio to the pick- up setting (given in Hz/s). There are three (3) frequency references available. Please refer to "Frequency tracking and scaling"...
Page 181 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.16 - 162. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description df/dt>/< (1…8) • No used in setting Enables the protection stage in setting group. • Yes group Defines the operation mode of the protection stage.
Page 182 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description df/dt >/< (1...8) The ratio between the rate-of-change-of-frequency and df/dt meas / df/ 0.000...20.000p.u. 0.005p.u. the pick-up value. dt set Expected Displays the expected operating time when a fault 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s operating time...
Page 183: Overpower Protection (P>; 32O)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.16 - 165. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name df/dt>/< Pre-trig (Hz/s) Start/Trip –20ms df/dt>/< f Pre-trig (Hz) Start/Trip –20ms frequency df/dt>/<...
Page 184 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.17 - 93. Simplified function block diagram of the P> function. Measured input The function block uses three phase currents and line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages to calculate active power.
Page 185 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.17 - 167. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description • On • Blocked Set mode of OPW block. P> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode •...
Page 186 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description Time When the function has detected a fault and counts down remaining -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s time towards a trip, this displays how much time is left to trip before tripping occurs.
Page 187: Underpower Protection (P<; 32U)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content.
Page 188 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.18 - 95. Simplified function block diagram of the P< function. Measured input The function block uses three phase currents and line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages to calculate active power.
Page 189 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.18 - 173. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description • On • Blocked Set mode of UPW block. P< LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode •...
Page 190 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.18 - 175. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of UPW block. • Blocked P< LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of behaviour •...
Page 191: Reverse Power Protection (Pr; 32R)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.18 - 176. Event messages. Event block name Event names UPW1 Start ON UPW1 Start OFF UPW1 Trip ON UPW1 Trip OFF UPW1 Block ON UPW1 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.
Page 192 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.19 - 97. Operating characteristics of reverse power protection. Figure. 4.4.19 - 98. Simplified function block diagram of the Pr function. Measured input The function block uses three phase currents and line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages to calculate active power.
Page 193 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement General settings...
Page 194 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.19 - 181. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of RPW block. • Blocked Prev> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of behaviour •...
Page 195: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.19 - 182. Event messages. Event block name Event names RPW1 Start ON RPW1 Start OFF RPW1 Trip ON RPW1 Trip OFF RPW1 Block ON RPW1 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.
Page 196 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.20 - 99. PQ diagram of the pick-up areas in various modes. Figure. 4.4.20 - 100. Simplified function block diagram of the power protection function. Measured input The function block uses three phase currents and line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages to calculate active, reactive or apparent power (as the uset chooses).
Page 197 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.20 - 184. Measurement inputs of the P> function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current measurement Fundamental frequency component of U /V voltage measurement...
Page 198 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Defines whether the used nominal power is set Nominal • Set manually manually or if transformer or generator status • Use Gen nom MVA manually monitoring function defines the nominal power reference...
Page 199 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description Time When the function has detected a fault and counts remaining to -1800.000...1800.000s 0.005s down time towards a trip, this displays how much time trip is left before tripping occurs.
Page 200: Underexcitation Protection (X<; 40)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content.
Page 201 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.21 - 190. Measurement inputs of the X< function. Signal Description Time base Z1 Impedance loop Phase-to-neutral impedance loop 5 ms Z2 Impedance loop Phase-to-neutral impedance loop 5 ms Z3 Impedance loop Phase-to-neutral impedance loop...
Page 202 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.21 - 192. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description X circle offset -50 000...50 000 0.01 -50.00 Sets the distance from origo to the edge of (pri) tripping area.
Page 203 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT). For detailed information on this delay type please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset".
Page 204: Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent Protection (Iv>; 51V)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.22 Voltage-restrained overcurrent protection (Iv>; 51V) Short-circuits that occur close to the generator decrease the fault current which in turn inhibits the operation of a high-set overcurrent stage. The decreasing voltage caused by these faults can be used to decrease the current pick-up level and thus to improve sensitivity.
Page 205 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.22 - 103. Simplified function block diagram of the Iv> function. Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of phase current measurement values. The function block uses fundamental frequency component of phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral and zero sequence voltage.
Page 206 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.22 - 197. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description • On • Blocked Set mode of VOC block. Iv> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode •...
Page 207 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.22 - 199. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On Displays the mode of VOC block. • Blocked Iv> LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of behaviour •...
Page 208 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT) and inverse definite minimum time delay (IDMT). If IDMT is selected for this function, the time delay depends on the ratio between the measured current and the current pick-up level at that moment.
Page 209: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Register Description Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active 4.4.23 Underimpedance protection (Z<; 21U) Underimpedance protection is an alternative for voltage-restrained overcurrent protection. It can be used to detect short-circuit faults near the generator even when the short-circuit current is small. Additionally, under impedance protection can be used as backup protection for transformer protection.
Page 210 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.23 - 202. Measurement inputs of the Z< function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U...
Page 211 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.23 - 204. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description (pri)< 0.10…150.00Ω 0.01Ω 10Ω Pick-up setting as primary side impedance Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 212 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function" and its section "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset".
Page 213: Line Thermal Overload Protection (Tf>; 49F)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.24 Line thermal overload protection (TF>; 49F) The line thermal overload function is used for the thermal capacity monitoring and protection of cables and overhead lines. This function can also be used for any single time constant application like inductor chokes, certain types of transformers and any other static units which do not have active cooling apart from the cables and overhead lines.
Page 214 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 106. Example of thermal image calculation with nominal conditions. The described behavior is based on the assumption that the monitored object (whether a cable, a line or an electrical device) has a homogenous body which generates and dissipates heat with a rate proportional to the temperature rise caused by the current squared.
Page 215 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Where: • t = Measured (or set) ambient temperature (can be set in ̊ C or in ̊ F ) • t = Maximum temperature (can be set in ̊ C or in ̊ F ) for the protected object •...
Page 216 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 108. Example of the relationship between ground temperature and correction factor. The temperature coefficient may be informed in a similar manner to the figure above in a datasheet provided by the manufacturer.
Page 217 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 110. Set correction curve for ambient temperature. The correction curve for ambient temperature is shown in the figure above. The reference temperature for underground cables is usually +15 ̊ C which gives a correction factor of 1.00 (in this case also the nominal temerature).
Page 218 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 111. Example of a high-voltage cable datasheet. The datasheet shows the currents which in a combination with a specific installation and a specific construction method achieve a specific conductor temperature in give standard conditions (e.g. a copper conductor reaches a temperature of 90 °C when, for example, it has a continuous current- carrying capacity of 815 A, an open screen circuit, and is laid in a trefoil formation in soil whose temperature is 15 °C).
Page 219 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 112. General presumptions of high-voltage cables. If the installation conditions vary from the presumed conditions manufacturers may give additional information on how to correct the the current-carrying capacity to match the changed conditions. Below is an example of the correction factors provided a manufacturer (Prysmian) for correcting the current-carrying capacity.
Page 220 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 113. Example of correction factors for the current-carrying capacity as given by a manufacturer. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 221 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 To demonstrate the importance of the k (service factor, current-carrying capacity), let us calculate a cable installation with the correct k factor but without setting it to correct value. First we read the initial data for the setup of the thermal image: A 66 kV copper cable with a cross-section of 500 mm is installed into ground.
Page 222 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 114. Thermal image response with nominal load (installation according to presumptions). As the results show, the end temperature of 68.39 ̊ C is reached when the cable is loaded with a stable current for time equalling five times the time constant τ.
Page 223 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 115. Thermal image response with maximum load (installation according presumptions). The maximum allowed load results in the end temperature of 89.68 ̊ C which means that 99.57 % of the thermal capacity is used.
Page 224 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Therefore, the settings are as follows: • I = 680 A • T = 90 ̊ C • T = 15 ̊ C • T = 15 ̊ C •...
Page 225 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 117. Thermal response with k factor correctly set. When the installation conditions vary from the presumptive conditions, the cable's current-carrying capacity can be reduced so that the temperature of 90 ̊ C is achieved with a 550 A current instead of the 680 A current given in the initial data.
Page 226 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 θ = (I meas Where: • I = the measured current meas • I = the calculated effective nominal current Calcula Calculat t ed time constant: ed time constant: (-0.005[s]×(Tc[min]×60)[s]) τ=e Where:...
Page 227 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.24 - 118. Simplified function block diagram of the TF> function. Measured input The function block uses phase current measurement values. The function block uses TRMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components.
Page 228 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal • Blocked • Alarm1 TF> force Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage • Alarm2 Normal forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. status to •...
Page 229 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description The thermal image status in the restart of the function/ device. The value is given in percentages of the used Cold thermal capacity of the protected object. It is also possible reset 0.0…150.0% 0.1%...
Page 230 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description k at min. The temperature correction factor for the minimum ambient 0.01…5.00xI 0.01xI 1.00xI amb. temperature setting. This setting is visible if "Ambient lin. or temp.
Page 231 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description TF> Inhibit 0.0…150.0% 0.1% INHIBIT activation threshold. level Enable • Disabled TF> Disabled Enabling/disabling the ALARM 1 signal and the I/O. • Enabled Trip TF>...
Page 232 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description • Light / No The function's thermal image status. When the measured current is below 1 % of load the nominal current, the status "Light/No load" is shown. When the measured •...
Page 233 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description/values - TF> Used k for amb. temp: the ambient correction factor at a givenmoment - TF> Max. temp. rise all.: the maximum allowed temperature rise Temp.
Page 234: Transformer Status Monitoring
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names TOLF1 Trip ON TOLF1 Trip OFF TOLF1 Block ON TOLF1 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for TRIP or BLOCKED.
Page 235 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.25 - 119. Simplified function block diagram of the transformer status monitoring function. The function's outputs are dependent on the set transformer data because the measured currents (in p.u.) are related to the transformer nominal values.
Page 236 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The No load No load signal is activated when the current dips below the "No load current" limit (= 0.2 x I )" for longer than ten milliseconds. If the current increases from this situation up to the "Heavy overloading" limit (>...
Page 237 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description LV side The LV side nominal voltage of the transformer. This value nominal 0.1…500.0kV 0.1kV 110.0kV is used to calculate the nominal currents of the LV side. voltage Transformer The transformer's short-circuit impedance in...
Page 238 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description The selection of whether the LV side leads or lags the HV LV side lead • Lead Lead side. The selection is visible only if the option "Manual set" or lag HV •...
Page 239 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Transformer 0.01…250.00 0.01 0.00 The transformer's calculated ratio (= HV/LV). ratio LV side max. The calculated maximum three-phase short-circuit 0.001…500.000kA 0.001kA 0.000kA 3ph SC curr. current in the LV poles of the transformer.
Page 240 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names TRF1 LV side inrush ON TRF1 LV side inrush OFF TRF1 Load normal ON TRF1 Load normal OFF TRF1 Overloading ON TRF1 Overloading OFF TRF1 High overload ON TRF1...
Page 241 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting group selection can be applied to each of the setting groups individually by activating one of the various internal logic inputs or connected digital inputs. The user can also force any of the setting groups on when the "Force SG change"...
Page 242 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • None • SG1 The selection of the overriding setting group. After "Force SG change" • SG2 is enabled, any of the configured setting groups in the device can be •...
Page 243 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Setting The selection of Setting group 6 ("SG6"). Has the third lowest priority input in setting group control. group Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal control is applied, SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed.
Page 244: Transformer Thermal Overload Protection (Tt>; 49T)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.4.26 Transformer thermal overload protection (TT>; 49T) The transformer thermal overload protection function is used for monitoring and protecting thermal capacity in power transformers. The function constantly monitors the instant values of phase TRMS currents (including harmonics up to ) and calculates the set thermal replica status in 5 ms cycles.
Page 245 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.26 - 122. Example of thermal image calculation with nominal conditions. The described behavior is based on the assumption that the monitored object (whether a cable, a line or an electrical device) has a homogenous body which generates and dissipates heat with a rate proportional to the temperature rise caused by the current squared.
Page 246 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Where: • t = Measured (set) ambient temperature (can be set in ̊ C or ̊ F ) • t = Maximum temperature (can be set in ̊ C or ̊ F ) for the protected object •...
Page 247 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.26 - 124. Simplified function block diagram of the TT> function. Measured input The function block uses phase current measurement values. The function block uses TRMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components.
Page 248 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal • Blocked • Alarm1 TT> force Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage • Alarm2 Normal forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. status to •...
Page 249 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description RTD amb. The RTD ambient temperature reading for the thermal image temp. 0…500deg 1deg 15deg biasing. This setting is visible if "RTD" is selected for the read.
Page 250 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pick-up settings The operating characteristics of the machine thermal overload protection function are completely controlled by the thermal image. The thermal capacity value calculated from the thermal image can set the I/O controls with ALARM 1, ALARM 2, INHIBIT and TRIP signals.
Page 251 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further. If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick-up signal is reset.
Page 252 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description • Nominal current calc TT> • Nominal Indicates if nominal current calculation is set wrong and actually used setting is Setting current set 1.0. Visible only when there is a setting fault. alarm fault.
Page 253 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description / values Restart inhibits The number of times the function has activated the Restart inhibit output Trips The number of times the function has tripped Trips Blocked The number of times the function trips has been blocked Events and registers The line thermal overload protection function (abbreviated "TOLT"...
Page 254: Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtd)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Active meas. current T at a given moment Max. temp. rise allowed degrees Temp. rise at a given moment degrees Hot spot estimate degrees Hot spot maximum allowed degrees Trip delay rem.
Page 255 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Settings Table. 4.4.27 - 236. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description • On • Blocked Set mode of RTD block. RTD LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is mode •...
Page 256 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Displays the measured sensor's data validity. If the sensor reading has any • Ok S1...S16 Sensor problems, the sensor data is set to •...
Page 257: Programmable Stage (Pgx>/<; 99)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function offers sixteen (16) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation. Table. 4.4.27 - 238. Event messages. Event block name Event names RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S1...S16 Alarm1 OFF RTD1...
Page 258 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.28 - 239. General settings of the function. Name Range Description • On • Blocked Set mode of PGS block. • Test PSx >/< LN mode This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual •...
Page 259 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description Max (Mag1, The biggest value of the chosen signals is used in the Mag2, Mag3); comparison. Min (Mag1, The smallest value of the chosen signals is used in the Mag2, Mag3) comparison.
Page 260 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description ILx 15 ILx 15 harmonic value (in p.u.) ILx 17 ILx 17 harmonic value (in p.u.) ILx 19 ILx 19 harmonic value (in p.u.) ILx TRMS ILx TRMS value (in p.u.) ILx Ang ILx Angle (degrees)
Page 261 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description UL3Mag UL3 Primary voltage V UL12Ang UL12 angle (degrees) UL23Ang UL23 angle (degrees) UL31Ang UL31 angle (degrees) UL1Ang UL1 angle (degrees) UL2Ang UL2 angle (degrees) UL3Ang UL3 angle (degrees) U0Ang UL0 angle (degrees)
Page 262 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description XLxPri Reactance X L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 primary (Ω) ZLxPri Impedance Z L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 primary (Ω) RLxSec Resistance R L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 secondary (Ω) XLxSec Reactance X L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 secondary (Ω) ZLxSec...
Page 263 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary (mS) B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary (mS) Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary (mS) Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary (mS) Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Table. 4.4.28 - 248. Other measurements Name Description System f.
Page 264 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 265 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.28 - 250. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description • Over > • Over (abs) > • Under < • Under (abs) < • Delta set (%) Comparator mode for the magnitude.
Page 266 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Mode Description C C hange o hange ov v er time er time. If the measured signal changes more than the set pick-up value Delta +/- measval in 20 ms, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The condition is dependent on direction.
Page 267: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content.
Page 268 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.29 - 254. Output signals of the IArc>/I0Arc> function. Outputs Activation condition Channel 1 Light In Channel 2 Light In The arc protection card's sensor channel detects light. Channel 3 Light In Channel 4 Light In Channel 1 Pressure...
Page 269 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. The function's outputs are TRIP, BLOCKED, light sensing etc.
Page 270 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.29 - 127. Scheme with AQ-101 arc protection relays. To set the zones for the AQ-200 models sensor channels start by enabling the protected zones (in this case, Zones 1 and 2).
Page 271 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.4.29 - 128. Scheme with AQ-200 protection devices. The settings for the device supervising the incoming feeder are the same as in the first example. The devices supervising the busbar and the outgoing feeder, however, have a different setting. Both Zones 2 and 3 need to be enabled as there are sensors connected to both Zone 2 and 3 starts.
Page 272 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.29 - 255. Measurement inputs of the U1/U2>/< function. Signal Description Time base samples Samples received by I current measurement channel samples Samples received by I current measurement channel samples Samples received by I current measurement channel...
Page 273 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Channel sensors Channel sensors Channel sensor status Channel sensor Displays the status of the sensor channel. If the number of sensors status • Sensors OK connected to the channel does not match with the set "Channel 1/2/3/ •...
Page 274 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Zone1/2/3/ • Disabled The residual overcurrent allows the zone to trip when light is 4 Res. curr. Disabled • Enabled detected. Enabled Zone1/2/3/ •...
Page 275 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Z1 Trip • Z1 Blocked • Z2 Trip I/I0 Arc> • Z2 Blocked Displays status of the protection function. condition • Z3 Trip • Z3 Blocked • Z4 Trip •...
Page 276 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.4.29 - 259. Event messages. Event block name Event names ARC1 Zone 1...4 Trip ON ARC1 Zone 1...4 Trip OFF ARC1 Zone 1...4 Block ON ARC1 Zone 1...4 Block OFF ARC1 Phase current Blocked ON ARC1...
Page 277: Control Functions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Register Description Phase B current Phase C current Residual current Active sensors 1...4 Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active 4.5 Control functions 4.5.1 Common signals Common signals function has all protection function start and trip signals internally connected to Common START and TRIP output signals.
Page 278: Automatic Voltage Regulator (90)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.1 - 263. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Description • Normal Common signals condition • Start Displays status of the function. • Trip Function blocking Common signals function itself doesn't have blocking input signals.
Page 279 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Utilities have to follow the regional, national and international regulations that specify the acceptable voltage range. For example, in Finland regulations (SFS-EN 50160) require that the distribution voltage is 230 V (phase-to-earth).
Page 280 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 129. Two connection options for voltage measurement. The connection on the left shows the voltage transformer module that has a full voltage connection with complete phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth voltages (3LN+U4; also on modes 3LL + U4 and 2LL+U3+U4);...
Page 281 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 T T ap se ap set t tings tings The properties of the used tap changer are set in the tap settings. They allow for the configuration of the number of tap changer positions, the middle position, and the position indication message.
Page 282 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 131. Connecting mA input to option card. Figure. 4.5.2 - 132. Tap position indication (according to the example settings). Some tap changers might work “inversely”, meaning that the maximum mA measurement indicates that the tap changer is in the lowest position.
Page 283 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 133. Switching the tap position indication. Correcting non-linear mA tap position indication with current scaling When setting up the tap changer settings, it would be ideal to have the mA difference between each step be identical.
Page 284 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 134. Example of Scaled input setting. External mA input There is an alternative to using an RTD & mA card: one can also use an external mA unit (ADAM-4016) which connects to the RS-485 port.
Page 285 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 BCD-coded digital inputs Just like binary coded input position indication, "Binary coded decimal" (BCD) position indication also uses multiple digital inputs. But they are not interchangeable. Difference between the two is the numbering format.
Page 286 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Tap position measured from resistance Instead of mA measurement, RTD resistance is also an applicable option. To use RTD measurement the position indication needs to be scaled in Measurement → AI (mA, DI volt) scaling (see the image below).
Page 287 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 136. Result of the above-mentioned example. In the example figure above, the RTD card's Sensor 1 is used for tap position indication. With these settings the measured resistance (0...180 Ω) is transferred to the tap position 1...19. To use this scaling settting, please select the option "Scaled input"...
Page 288 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 This gives 20 % more total band for regulating, and this setting ensures that the voltage remains within the voltage window after a tap change operation. You can increase the regulating sensitivity by setting a smaller window;...
Page 289 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 In this example situation the set voltage window is still too tight compared to the tap effect. This time the AVR reaches the target window with one tap change, but afterwards the voltage is very close to the limit.
Page 290 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 140. Second voltage window two tap steps from the first voltage window. It is recommended that the operating time for the second (fast) window is in inverse mode, although it can also be set to the definite operating mode.
Page 291 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 141. Inverse operating time characteristics for the second voltage window (U>>/<< window The inverse operating time controls the voltage back to the set target window: the bigger the deviation (dU [%]) is, the smaller the operating time to get the voltage within the target window.
Page 292 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 142. Combined operating time characteristics of both voltage windows. The figure above presents the combined operating time characteristics of both voltage windows as a function of the voltage deviation. As it shows, the faster inverse operation time characteristics are in effect until the voltage deviation hits the U>>/<<...
Page 293 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 143. Instant low command with two time-delayed windows. The pick-up setting recommendation for the instant low function is equal to the the maximum allowed overvoltage subtracted by the tap effect. This way there should not be situations where the voltage is allowed to stay above the maximum allowed voltage for a long time.
Page 294 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 144. Effect of the Instant low setting on time characteristics. The AVR's low voltage blocking prevents the tap changer's operations to avoid the control to the maximum position when the feeding voltage returns to the nominal level (see the image below).
Page 295 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.2 - 145. Low voltage blocking. The recommended setting for low voltage blocking is the maximum tap increase positions effect. For example, if the tap changer has a ± 9 × 1.67 % control range, the undervoltage blocking should be set to 15 % (9 ×...
Page 296 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U Fundamental frequency component of voltage channel U Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (C) current General settings The general settings define the basic control settings for the voltage measurement configuration.
Page 297 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • Raise command on • Lower command on • Operation blocked • Output control blocked • U<<< block on • I> block on •...
Page 298 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Displays the set upper limit of the second U>> setting 0.00…140.00% 0.01% window (compared to the nominal 100 % level). Displays the set upper limit of the U>...
Page 299 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.2 - 267. Control settings parameters. Name Range Step Default Description • Auto Control mode Auto Displays the control mode: automatic or manual. • Manual Max control Sets the maximum time the tap control's output 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 2.000s pulse length...
Page 300 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • Scaling curve 1 (mA) • Scaling curve 2 (mA) • Scaling curve 3 (mA) • Scaling curve 4 Selects the scaled input signal. Scaled input (mA) Scaling curve 1...
Page 301 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Sets the maximum tap position measurement value. mA input high 0.010…20.000mA 0.001mA 20.000mA This setting is not visible when "BCD range coded inputs" or "Binary coded inputs" is the selected input mode.
Page 302 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.2 - 270. Active setting parameters. Name Range Step Default Description Target voltage 70.00…140.00%U 0.01%U 100.00%U Sets the optimal regulating target voltage. (UTGT) U>/< • Not in use Selects whether or not the low-set definite time window Not in use...
Page 303 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Sets the overvoltage threshold for the U>>> instant U>>> low stage. setting 0.10…30.00%U 0.01%U 8.33%U This setting is only visible, when the "U>>> instant in (+UTGT) use"...
Page 304 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description AVR in manual Indicates that the automatic voltage regulation mode is overridden by a manual control. control AVR U>/< Indicates that the threhold of the first voltage window has been exceeded, and that the AVR is started counting time towards the tap change operation.
Page 305 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 When the mimic is loaded to the device, this virtual button can be controlled in through the device HMI panel: choose it with the Ctrl Ctrl button and then use the I I and 0 0 buttons to activate the manual and automatic modes.
Page 306 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.2 - 273. Event messages. E E v v ent block name ent block name Descrip Description tion VRG1 Tap Raise command On VRG1 Tap Raise command Off VRG1 Tap Lower command On VRG1...
Page 307: Version
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 VRG1 Tap control circuit failure On VRG1 Tap control circuit failure Off VRG1 Tap difference failure On VRG1 Tap difference failure Off VRG1 Parallel communication failure On VRG1 Parallel communication failure Off VRG1 Transformer independent control mode...
Page 308 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting up communication between the devices Each voltage regulating device must have a unique ID number chosen. This can be done at Control → Control functions → Voltage regulator menu with Local paraller transformer ID parameter. Define the total number of voltage regulating devices with Parallel group relays parameter.
Page 309 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description In case master device operates and following device Allowed tap leaves behind for more than allowed tap difference, a tap 1-9 steps 2 steps difference difference error will take place if maximum allowed tap difference time is exceeded.
Page 310 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description U> setting UTGT setting window operates as a pickup for an (+UTGT) independent transformer. In master/follower mode, the master device operates as an independent transformer device and 0.10...30.00 0.01 1.50...
Page 311 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The following measurements can be added to the device display mimic: • Transformer ID status to mimic, own transformer ID to display (variable number) • Circulating current (A), circulating current Amperage •...
Page 312 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Measured circulating reactive current amplitude and direction (Idev) Once above-mentioned terms are fulfilled, tap control takes place after deviation delay T1 has passed. In case one control step will not resolve the matter, another step is taken with faster time delay T2. In master &...
Page 313 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.3 - 147. VRG> circulating reactive current mode To run circulating reactive current mode properly, some transformer nameplate values such as transformer rated apparent power Sn, transformer rated voltage Un and transformer short circuit impedance Zk is required.
Page 314 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • X is transformer reactance • I is total combined current amplitude • B is total combined susceptance • I ) = current amplitude imaginary part • I is total imaginary current amplitude •...
Page 315: Setting Group Selection
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Automatic voltage regulator can be blocked internally with two inputs. "AVR Block control outs" blocks output relay controls but doesn't block event activations. "AVR Block op and outs" blocks all operation. Table.
Page 316 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting group selection can be applied to each of the setting groups individually by activating one of the various internal logic inputs and connected digital inputs. The user can also force any of the setting groups on when the "Force SG change"...
Page 317 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • None • SG1 The selection of the overriding setting group. After "Force SG change" • SG2 is enabled, any of the configured setting groups in the device can be •...
Page 318 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Setting The selection of Setting group 6 ("SG6"). Has the third lowest priority input in setting group control. group Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal control is applied, SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed.
Page 319 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Depending on the application's requirements, the setting group control can be applied either with a one-wire connection or with a two-wire connection by monitoring the state of the Petersen coil connection.
Page 320 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.4 - 153. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status with additional logic. The images above depict a two-wire connection from the Petersen coil: the two images at the top show a direct connection, while the two images on the bottom include additional logic.
Page 321 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.4 - 154. Entirely application-controlled setting group change with the cold load pick-up function. In these examples the cold load pick-up function's output is used for the automatic setting group change.
Page 322: Object Control And Monitoring
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names Remote Change SG Request OFF Local Change SG Request ON Local Change SG Request OFF Force Change SG ON Force Change SG OFF SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON SG Request Fail Not configured SG OFF Force Request Fail Force ON...
Page 323 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.5 - 155. Simplified function block diagram of the object control and monitoring function. Settings The following parameters help the user to define the object. The operation of the function varies based on these settings and the selected object type.
Page 324 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • On Displays the mode of OBJ block. • Blocked OBJ LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual behaviour •...
Page 325 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Open requests Displays the number of failed "Open" requests. 0…2 –1 failed Close requests Displays the number of failed "Close" requests. 0…2 –1 failed Clear •...
Page 326 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Range Description Object Ready A link to a physical digital input. Indicates that status of the (Objectx Ready status monitored object. "1" means that the object is ready and the In") spring is charged for a close command.
Page 327 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Range Description Objectx LOCAL The local Close command from a physical digital input Close control input (e.g. a push button). Objectx LOCAL The local Open command from a physical digital input Open control input (e.g.
Page 328 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.5 - 156. Example of an interlock application. In order for the blocking signal to be received on time, it has to reach the function 5 ms before the control command.
Page 329 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.5 - 157. Example of the circuit breaker interrupting life operations. Points 1 and 2 are user settable. The function is triggered from the circuit breaker's "Open" command output and it monitors the three- phase current values in both the tripping moment and the normal breaker opening moment.
Page 330 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal • Alarm1 Condition monitor status Displays the status of the monitor. • Alarm2 0...4 294 967 Open operations Displays the total amount of breaker open operations. 0...4 294 967 Operation time open Displays the latest breaker opening time.
Page 331 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Events and registers The object control and monitoring function (abbreviated "OBJ" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 332 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Description OBJ1...OBJ10 Open Command Fail OBJ1...OBJ10 Close Command Fail OBJ1...OBJ10 Final trip On OBJ1...OBJ10 Final trip Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Contact Abrasion Alarm On OBJ1...OBJ10 Contact Abrasion Alarm Off OBJ1...OBJ10 Switch Operating Time Exceeded On OBJ1...OBJ10...
Page 333: Single-Pole Object Control And Monitoring
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.5.6 Single-pole object control and monitoring The single-pole object control and monitoring function takes care of both for circuit breakers and disconnectors. The monitoring and controlling are based on the statuses of the device's configured digital inputs and outputs.
Page 334 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Single-pole Selects the operating mode of the object. PhaseWise opens all • PhaseWise object breakers if more than one phase gets open command. Three •...
Page 335 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Selects whether the "Object ready" condition is in use for the • Ready High circuit breaker close command. If in use the signal connected Use Object Not in •...
Page 336 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.6 - 294. I/O. Signal Range Description Single-pole object Open Status In Phase A (L1) A link to a physical digital input. The monitored OPEN status of each Single-pole phase.
Page 337 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.6 - 295. Operation settings. Name Range Step Default Description Determines the maximum time between open and close statuses when the breaker switches. If this set time is exceeded and both Breaker 0.02…500.00 0.02...
Page 338 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Range Description Single-pole object Application The Open command from the application for Open A (L1) phase A (L1). Can be any logical signal. Single-pole object Application The Open command from the application for Open B (L2) phase B (L2).
Page 339 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.6 - 158. Example of an interlock application. In order for the blocking signal to be received on time, it has to reach the function 5 ms before the control command.
Page 340 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.6 - 297. Event messages of the OBJS function. Event block name Event names OBJS1 Object A(L1) Intermediate OBJS1 Object A(L1) Open OBJS1 Object A(L1) Close OBJS1 Object A(L1) Bad OBJS1 Object B(L2) Open...
Page 341 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names OBJS1 Sync Is Ok OBJS1 Sync Not Ok Wait for sync OBJS1 Final Trip On OBJS1 Final Trip Off OBJS1 Open Command Fail On OBJS1 Open Command Fail Off OBJS1...
Page 342: Indicator Object Monitoring
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.5.7 Indicator object monitoring The indicator object monitoring function takes care of the status monitoring of disconnectors. The function's sole purpose is indication and does not therefore have any control functionality. To control circuit breakers and/or disconnectors, please use the Object control and monitoring function.
Page 343: Auto-Recloser (79)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Events The indicator object monitoring function (abbreviated "CIN" in event block names) generates events from the status changes in the events listed below. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 344 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The user can select whether there is a set time delay (called 'arcing time') between shots to burn the fault-causing object from the line, or whether normal protection operating times are applied. When a fault is not present when the breaker is closed but reappears soons after (called 'discrimination time' and 'reclaim time'), the auto-recloser function can either arm another shot or give the final trip command and the feeder becomes locked.
Page 345 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 This type of application normally uses an auto-recloser with two shots (one high-speed and one delayed) which are triggered by earth fault protection or overcurrent protection. Short-circuit protection is used for interlocking the auto-recloser in case a clear short-circuit fault occurs in the line.
Page 346 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • from Start with two shots (high-speed succeeds). The signal status graphs describe the statuses of available requests, the statuses of the auto- recloser's internal signals, the statuses of the timers, the breaker controls from the auto- recloser function as well as the breaker status signals.
Page 347 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 163. Signal status graph of the permanent earth fault auto-recloser cycle. 1. An earth fault is found in the protected line causing the I0Dir> protection to start calculating the operating time for a trip.
Page 348 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 10. The I0Dir> stage trips a third time and gives the REQ2 request to the function. However, as the function is in the process of calculating the S S ho hot2 R t2 Reclaim T eclaim Time...
Page 349 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 165. Signal status graph of the semi-permanent earth fault auto-recloser cycle. 1. An earth fault is found in the protected line causing the I0Dir> protection to start calculating the operating time for a trip.
Page 350 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 10. The S S ho hot2 R t2 Reclaim T eclaim Time ime (10 s) is exceeded, and so the AR Running AR Running, S S ho hot 2 Running t 2 Running and AR2 R R equest equested...
Page 351 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 1. An earth fault is found in the protected line causing the I0Dir> protection to start calculating the operating time for a trip. 2. The I0Dir> trips and gives the "Open" command to the breaker's open coil. The auto- recloser function is initiated and the AR Running AR Running, AR2 R AR2 Request...
Page 352 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 169. Signal status graph of the permanent overcurrent auto-recloser cycle. 1. An overcurrent is found in the protected line causing the I> protection to pick up. This activates the AR1 R AR1 Request equested...
Page 353 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 11. The circuit breaker is opened and the I> function's START signal is released, and simultaneously the REQ1 trip signal for auto-reclosing is released. The function is now in a steady lock-out state and waits for the user to manually reset and re-initialize the function by closing the breaker.
Page 354 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 2. The S S ho hot1 Star t1 Start T t Time ime (500 ms) for has elapsed and the auto-recloser function starts running (AR Running Running). This sends an "Open" command to the breaker. 3.
Page 355 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 173. Signal status graph of the transient overcurrent auto-recloser cycle. 1. An overcurrent is found in the protected line causing the I> protection to pick up. This activates the AR1 R AR1 Request equested...
Page 356 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Auto-recloser in meshed or ring networks A typical auto-recloser scheme cannot be applied directly to an overhead line network that has a distributed generation (DG) component; this situation will become more common as renewable power sources become more widespread.
Page 357 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The auto-recloser is sometimes used in time-coordinated, IDMT-protected networks that have old mechanical relays with current-dependent release times. In these cases the operation of the protection selectivity must be guaranteed by allowing all relay timing devices to completely reset during dead time to maintain the correct time discrimination after reclosing to the fault.
Page 358 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 175. Simplified function block diagram of the auto-recloser function. As the diagram above shows, the auto-recloser function is tied to and dependent on the block status information and configuration of the object control and monitoring function.
Page 359 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Range Description Any binary Manual signal in the Allows for the manual resetting of the recloser if locked (e.g. due to Final Trip). reset device Any binary Locks the auto-recloser so that it requires a manual reset before its operation can be signal in the Locking...
Page 360 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description The signal "AR1 Request ON" is activated and displayed when the function is executing a shot Request requested by REQ1. The signal "AR2 Request ON" is activated and displayed when the function is executing a shot Request requested by REQ2.
Page 361 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Operation The signal "AR Operation inhibit" is activated and displayed when the function is in Inhibit mode. inhibit AR Locked The signal "AR Locked" is activated and displayed when the function is in Locked mode. Setting parameters The auto-recloser function has settings that the user can freely configure.
Page 362 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting Range Default Description • AR is inhibit • AR is ready • AR is locked • AR is running • AR is not running • Lock out delay is running •...
Page 363 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.8 - 306. AR General settings. Setting Range Step Default Description • Object 1 Defines the monitored and/or controlled object, and the • Object 2 Object for monitoring and/or controlling signals issued.
Page 364 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting Range Step Default Description Defines the starting delay of the shot, i.e. the minimum time an ARx request has to be active before openign the breaker and entering the dead time delay counting.
Page 365 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.8 - 176. Auto-recloser shot setting parameters. The auto-recloser function's shot settings are grouped into corresponding rows to make the setting of each shot straightforward. From the settings the user can see how the reclosing cycle is executed by each request, which functions initiate requests, and which shots and requests are in use.
Page 366 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The setting example in the image above presents a two-shot auto-recloser. One can see that the REQ1 is started by I> START signal. The starting delay is 500 ms, followed by a 200 ms dead time; after a 200 ms "Arcing"...
Page 367 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Events and registers The auto-recloser function (abbreviated "AR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 368 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names AR1 Request OFF AR2 Request ON AR2 Request OFF AR3 Request ON AR3 Request OFF AR4 Request ON AR4 Request OFF AR5 Request ON AR5 Request OFF Critical request ON Critical request OFF...
Page 369 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names Dead time ON Dead time OFF Arc Discr time ON Arc Discr time OFF Shot reclaim time ON Shot reclaim time OFF Sequence finished OFF Final trip executed OFF Object "Close"...
Page 370 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Date and time Registers dd.mm.yyyy AR Status: AR is ready, AR is not running, AR2 Requested, Executing Shot 1 hh:mm:ss.mss AR Timers: No timers running 0.000 s AR Status: AR is ready, AR is not running, Start time counting, AR2 Requested, Executing dd.mm.yyyy Shot 1 hh:mm:ss.mss...
Page 371 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 4044 AR1 Object "Close" request dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2957 OBJ1 Close request ON dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2958 OBJ1 Close Fail dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2959 OBJ1 Close request OFF dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2960 OBJ1 Close command ON dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss...
Page 372: Zero Sequence Recloser (U0> Recl; 79N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.5.9 Zero sequence recloser (U0> RECL; 79N) When earth fault current is so low that it is not possible for directional earth fault protection functions to detect the direction of the fault, zero sequence recloser control function can be used together with neutral overvoltage (59N) function as a backup for finding an outgoing feeder with a fault while disconnecting as few healthy feeders as possible and reconnecting them back as quickly as possible.
Page 373 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time characteristics When zero sequence recloser function detects neutral overvoltage trip it activates a circuit breaker close command after a set time delay. Please note that the zero sequence recloser function actually follows the "Function blocked input"...
Page 374 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Application example Figure. 4.5.9 - 177. Example application of zero sequence recloser. Each feeder has slighly longer operation time delay than the previous one. Table. 4.5.9 - 314. Common settings for each feeder. Setting Connection U0>...
Page 375 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Read-only parameters The function's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the device's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the device and its Live Edit mode is active.
Page 376: Cold Load Pick-Up (Clpu)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately. The register of the function records the ON event process data for CLOSE and BLOCKED.
Page 377 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.10 - 318. Measurement inputs of the cold load pick-up function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current Pick-up settings The I...
Page 378 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description • Normal • Curr low • Overcurrent CLP condition Displays status of the control function. • CLPU On • CLPU blocked Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input.
Page 379 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 179. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (normal CLPU situation). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current dips below the I setting and has been there for T amount of time.
Page 380 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 180. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (no cold load pick-up, I too short). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function does not activate even when the measured current dips below the I setting, because the T is not exceeded and therefore no cold load pick-up...
Page 381 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 181. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (activated pick-up and instant release due to overcurrent). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current dips below the I setting and has been there for T amount of time.
Page 382 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 182. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (activated pick-up and instant release due to too long starting). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.
Page 383 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 183. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (no inrush current detected in the starting). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.
Page 384 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.10 - 184. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (an inrush current detected during T time). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.
Page 385: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names CLP1 HighStart OFF CLP1 LoadNormal ON CLP1 LoadNormal OFF CLP1 Overcurrent ON CLP1 Overcurrent OFF CLP1 CLPUActivated ON CLP1 CLPUActivated OFF CLP1 Block ON CLP1 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.
Page 386 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.11 - 185. Simplified function block diagram of the switch-on-to-fault function. Input signals The function block does not use analog measurement inputs. Instead, its operation is based entirely on binary signal statuses.
Page 387 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage SOTF force • Blocked Normal status to • Active forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. •...
Page 388: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names SOF1 SOTF Block OFF SOF1 SOTF Active ON SOF1 SOTF Active OFF SOF1 SOTF Trip ON SOF1 SOTF Trip OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON process data of ACTIVATED events.
Page 389 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • SYN1 – Supervises the synchronization condition between the channel set to "SS" mode and the selected system voltage (UL1, UL2, UL3, UL12, UL23 or UL31). Synchroswitch is available. •...
Page 390 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 187. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U0+U4 mode, SYN1 in use, UL12 as reference voltage). Figure. 4.5.12 - 188. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U3+U4 mode, SYN3 in use, UL12 as reference voltage).
Page 391 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 189. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 3LL and 3LN VT connections). Figure. 4.5.12 - 190. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 2LL VT connection). ©...
Page 392 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 191. Example application (synchrocheck over two breakers, with 2LL VT connection). © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 393 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 192. Example application (synchrocheck over three breakers, with 2LL+U3+U4 connection). NOTICE! TICE! When synchrocheck is used over three breakers, SYN1 and SYN2 must have the same reference voltage.
Page 394 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 193. System states. Figure. 4.5.12 - 194. Simplified function block diagram of the SYN1 and SYN2 function. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 395 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.12 - 195. Simplified function block diagram of the SYN3 function. Measured input The function block uses user selected voltage channels. The function monitors frequency, angle and fundamental frequency component value of the selected channels.
Page 396 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.12 - 331. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On • Blocked Displays the mode of SYN block. dV / da / df LN •...
Page 397 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 If the blocking signal is active when the SYN OK activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further. If the SYN OK function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets.
Page 398 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Estimated time between a close command given to a breaker and the breaker entering the closed state. This setting is used to time the closing of the SYN1 breaker so that both sides are as synchronized as Switch bk...
Page 399 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description The maximum allowed voltage difference between SYNx U diff < 2.00…50.00%Un 0.01%Un 2.00%Un the systems. SYNx The maximum allowed angle difference between 3.00…90.00deg 0.01deg 3deg angle diff <...
Page 400: Milliampere Output Control
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.12 - 335. Register content. Name Range Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name SYNx Ref1 voltage The reference voltage of the selected stage. SYNx Ref2 voltage The reference voltage of the selected stage.
Page 401 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.13 - 336. Main settings (output channels). Name Range Default Description Enable mA output channels 1 and 2 mA option • Disabled Enables and disables the outputs of Disabled card 1 •...
Page 402: Synchronizer (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.13 - 196. Example of the effects of mA output channel settings. Table. 4.5.13 - 338. Hardware indications. Name Range Description Hardware in mA output • None channels 1...4 •...
Page 403 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.14 - 197. Simplified presentation of synchronizer operation The synchronizing function uses voltage signals from each side of the circuit breaker to be closed. • The amplitude difference between the two voltages is used to send "Increase" and "Decrease" commands to the generator’s voltage regulator.
Page 404 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • Voltage Angle Difference Ok • Blocked • Running • Increase Voltage • Decrease Voltage • Increase Frequency • Decrease Frequency • Breaker Close Pulse • Long Sync Time •...
Page 405 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • Standstill Synchroswitch • Departing Displays the status of synchroswitch. status • Enclosing • None • Blocked On • Running On Visible when “Enable stage forcing” is •...
Page 406 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Shows magnitude difference when “Get Magnitude errors” command has been given. This difference fine -200.000...200.000% 0.001% value can then be set to “Adjustment for tune measurement inaccuracy or set of desired volt.
Page 407 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description If voltage magnitude difference is Adjustment for measured even in perfectly measurement synchronized state, this parameter can inaccuracy or -95.0000...95.0000%Un 0.0001%Un 0%Un be used for fine tuning the set of desired measurement.
Page 408 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Circuit breaker Estimated delay from close signal pre-closing 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s 0.100s initiation to breaker actually reaching full time incl closed state including aux contacts. auxiliary relays Lenght of circuit breaker...
Page 409 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Circuit breaker pre- Fine tuning of the synchroswitch function closing adjustment 0.00...10.00 0.01 0.10 for the breaker close command. constant Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input.
Page 410: Vector Jump (Δφ; 78)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Event block name Event names GSYN Synchronizer Long Sync. Time ON GSYN Synchronizer Long Sync. Time OFF GSYN Synchroswitch Close fail Re-init ON GSYN Synchroswitch Close fail Re-init OFF GSYN Synchroswitching requested ON GSYN...
Page 411 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.15 - 198. Simplified function block diagram of the Δφ function. Measured input The function block uses phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral voltages and always uses complex measurement from samples. Table.
Page 412 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.15 - 199. Generator islanding. As can be seen in the example above, only phase-to-phase voltages L1-L2 and L3-L1 have been reduced, while voltage L2-L3 remains the same. This means that the problem occured in phase L1 of the network.
Page 413 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description • Normal Force the status of the function. Visible only when Enable stage Δα force • Blocked Normal status to • Trip forcing parameter is enabled in General menu. •...
Page 414 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.15 - 348. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description • On • Blocked Displays the mode of UEX block. Δα > LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN behaviour •...
Page 415: Programmable Control Switch
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function's outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the ALARM, TRIP and BLOCKED events. Table.
Page 416: User Buttons
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.5.16 - 351. Settings. Name Range Default Description The user-settable name of the selected switch. The name Switch name Switchx can be up to 32 characters long. •...
Page 417: Analog Input Scaling Curves
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 NOTICE! TICE! Status of push button output can only be controlled from the AQ-200 device front panel i.e. can't be controlled remotely. Therefore it is recommended to use "a virtual button" (programmable control switches or logical inputs) if a toggleable signal must be controlled both locally and remotely.
Page 418 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • S7 mA Input • S8 mA Input • S15 mA Input • S16 mA Input • DI1...DI20 Voltage • RTD S1...S16 Resistance •...
Page 419 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The input signal filtering parameter calculates the average of received signals according to the set time constant. This is why rapid changes and disturbances (such as fast spikes) are smothered. The Nyquist rate states that the filter time constant must be at least double the period time of the disturbance process signal.
Page 420: Logical Outputs
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.5.19 Logical outputs Logical outputs are used for sending binary signals out from a logic that has been built in the logic editor. Logical signals can be used for blocking functions, changing setting groups, controlling digital outputs, activating LEDs, etc.
Page 421: Logical Inputs
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 NOTICE! TICE! After editing user descriptions the event history will start to use the new description only after resetting the HMI. HMI can be reset from General → Device info → HMI restart . Events The logical outputs (abbreviated "LOGIC"...
Page 422 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.5.20 - 203. Extending a logical input pulse. Logical input descriptions Logical inputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the menus: •...
Page 423: Monitoring Functions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Events The logical outputs (abbreviated "LOGIC" in event block names) generates events from the status changes in the events listed below. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 424 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • The ratio between the calculated minum and maximum of the three-phase currents is below the ratio setting. • The ratio between the negative sequence and the positive sequence exceeds the I2/I1 ratio setting.
Page 425 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.1 - 359. Measured inputs of the CTS function. Signal Description Time base Fundamental frequency component of phase L1 (A) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L2 (B) current Fundamental frequency component of phase L3 (C) current Fundamental frequency component of residual input I01 Fundamental frequency component of residual input I02...
Page 426 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function, i.e. the user or user- defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running. Table. 4.6.1 - 361. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step...
Page 427 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Description • Normal Uncompensated • Start Displays the natural unbalance of current after compensating residual unbalance • Trip it with Compensate natural unbalance parameter. • Blocked Natural unbalance -360.00...360.00 0.01...
Page 428 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.1 - 206. All works properly, no faults. Figure. 4.6.1 - 207. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. When a fault is detected and all conditions are met, the CTS timer starts counting. If the situation continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm.
Page 429 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.1 - 208. Primary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. In this example, distinguishing between a primary fault and a secondary fault is impossible. However, the situation meets the function's activation conditions, and if this state (secondary circuit fault) continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm.
Page 430 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.1 - 210. Low current and heavy unbalance. If all of the measured phase magnitudes are below the I low limit setting, the function is not activated even when the other conditions (inc.
Page 431 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.1 - 212. Broken secondary phase current wiring. When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are met in the CTS and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met.
Page 432 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.1 - 214. Primary side high-impedance earth fault. In this example there is a high-impedance earth fault. It does not activate the function, if the measurement conditions are met, while the calculated and measured residual current difference does not reach the limit.
Page 433: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.1 - 364. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name Trigger The phase currents (L1, L2 & L3), the residual currents (I01 & I02), and the sequence currents currents (I1 &...
Page 434 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.2 - 216. Simplified function block diagram of the VTS function. Measured input The function block uses fundamental frequency component of voltage measurement channels. The function uses calculated positive, negative and zero sequence voltages. The function also monitors the angle of each voltage channel.
Page 435 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.2 - 366. General settings of the function. Name Range Default Description • On • Blocked Set mode of VTS block. VTS LN • Test This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode •...
Page 436 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Description Bus dead No voltages. Bus Live VTS Ok All of the voltages are within the set limits. All of the voltages are within the set limits BUT BUT the voltages are in a reversed Bus Live VTS Ok SEQ Rev sequence.
Page 437 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.
Page 438: Current Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data for ACTIVATED, BLOCKED, etc. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content.
Page 439 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.3 - 217. THD calculation formulas. While both of these formulas exist, the power ratio ( THD ) is recognized by the IEEE, and the amplitude ratio ( THD ) is recognized by the IEC.
Page 440 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter (common for all measurement channels). General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function. These settings are static i.e. it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group.
Page 441 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Phase The pick-up setting for the THD alarm element from the phase 0.10…100.00% 0.01% 10.00% currents. At least one of the phases' measured THD value has to pick-up exceed this setting in order for the alarm signal to activate.
Page 442 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.3 - 375. Settings for operating time characteristics. Name Range Step Default Description Phase THD Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the phase 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s alarm delay currents' measured THD.
Page 443: Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.3 - 377. Register content. Register Description Date and time dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Event Event name L1h, L2h, L3h Fault THD Start/Alarm THD of each phase. Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active.
Page 444 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.4 - 220. Simplified function block diagram of the total harmonic distortion monitor function. Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values. The function always uses FFT measurement of the whole harmonic specter of 32 components from each measured voltage channel.
Page 445 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pick-up settings The THDV pick-up s etting parameter controls the the pick-up and activation of the function. They define the maximum allowed measured voltage THD before action from the function. Before the function activates alarm signals, their corresponding pick-up elements need to be activated with the setting parameter Enable THD alarm .
Page 446 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further. If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick- up signal is reset.
Page 447: Fault Locator (21Fl)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Register Description Event Event name UL1, UL2, UL3 THDV Start/Alarm Voltage THD of each phase. Setting group in use Setting group 1...8 active. 4.6.5 Fault locator (21FL) The fault locator function is used for recording an estimated distance to the point where a fault has occurred.
Page 448 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.5 - 386. Pick-up settings. Name Range Step Default Description Sets the trigger current. Affects which impedance loop is Trigger 0.0…40.0×I 0.1×I 1×I recorded, if anything is recorded at all (see the table current>...
Page 449: Disturbance Recorder (Dr)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.5 - 388. Event messages. Event block name Event names FLX1 Flocator triggered ON FLX1 Flocator triggered OFF FLX1 Flocator Calculation ON FLX1 Flocator Calculation OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The table below presents the structure of the function's register content.
Page 450 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Analog and digital recording channels Up to 20 analog recording channels and 95 digital channels are supported. Table. 4.6.6 - 390. Analog recording channels. Signal Description Phase current I Phase current I Phase current I Residual current I...
Page 451 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Residual current I coarse* (CT card 3) I01'''c Residual current I fine* (CT card 3) I01'''f I02'''c Residual current I coarse* (CT card 3) Residual current I fine* (CT card 3) I02'''f ISup_3...
Page 452 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Signal Description Residual current angle Residual current TRMS I0x (I01, Res.curr.angle I0x Res.curr.I0x TRMS I0x (I01, I02) I02) Residual current I0x Secondary residual current TRMS Res.curr.I0x Res.curr.I0x TRMS Sec (I01, I02) I0x (I01, I02)
Page 453 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Signal Description Secondary positive/ Pos./Neg./Zero Magnitude of the system voltage negative/zero System volt U0 mag(%) seq.Volt.sec U0 in percentages sequence voltage Ux angle (U1, U2, U3, Ux Angle System volt U0 ang Angle of the system voltage U0...
Page 454 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Signal Description POW1 3PH Active Three-phase active Sampl.f. used Used sample frequency power (P MW) power in megawatts POW1 3PH Three-phase reactive Tracked frequency (channels A, B, Reactive power Tr f CH x power...
Page 455 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Signal Description Signal Description Status Status of Push Button 1...12 is "Always false" is always "0". Always PushButton Always True/False true is always "1". x Off Forced SG in Stage forcing in use OUTx Output contact statuses...
Page 456 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description Clears selected recording. If "1" is inserted, first recording will be cleared Clear from memory. If "10" is inserted, tenth (10th) recording will be cleared from 0…2 record+ memory.
Page 457 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Digital channel 5ms (fixed) The fixed sample rate of the recorded digital channels. samples ms(fixed) Pretriggering 0.2...30.0s 0.2s Sets the recording length before the trigger. time 0…8 freely Selects the analog channel for recording.
Page 458 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 For example, let us say the nominal frequency is 50 Hz, the selected sample rate is 64 s/c, nine (9) analog channels and two (2) digital channels record. The calculation is as follows: Therefore, the maximum recording length in our example is approximately 496 seconds.
Page 459 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.6 - 221. Disturbance recorder settings. Figure. 4.6.6 - 222. Effects of recording length and pre-triggering time signals. This example is based on the settings shown above. When there is at least one recording in the device's memory, that recording can be analyzed by using the AQviewer software (see the image below).
Page 460: Event Logger
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer software instructions can be found in AQtivate 200 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/). Events The disturbance recorder function (abbreviated "DR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the events listed below.
Page 461: Measurement Recorder
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 4.6.8 Measurement recorder Measurements can be recorded to a file with the measurement recorder. The chosen measurements are recorded at selected intervals. In the "Measurement recorder" window, the measurements the user wants to be recorded can be selected by checking their respective check boxes.
Page 462 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 4.6.8 - 223. Measurement recorder values viewed with AQtivate PRO. Table. 4.6.8 - 398. Available analog signals. Curr Current mea ent measur surements ements P-P Curr.I”L3 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh Pri.Pha.Curr.IL1 P-P Curr.I”01 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh...
Page 463 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Sec.Pha.Curr.IL3 U1Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh Sec.Res.Curr.I01 U2Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh Sec.Res.Curr.I02 U3Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh Sec.Calc.I0 U4Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh Pha.Curr.IL1 TRMS Sec Pos.Seq.Volt.Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh Pha.Curr.IL2 TRMS Sec...
Page 464 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Res.I01 ampl. THD U4Volt Angle Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Res.I01 pow. THD Pos.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh Res.I02 ampl. THD Neg.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh Res.I02 pow. THD Zero.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh P-P Curr.IL1 System Volt UL12 mag Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh P-P Curr.IL2...
Page 465 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement Sec.Res.Curr.I”01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measurement Sec.Res.Curr.I”02 System Volt U4 ang S11 Measurement...
Page 466: Fault Register
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pha.IL”2 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh Curve3 Input Pha.IL”3 pow. THD L1 Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Curve3 Output Res.I”01 ampl. THD L1 Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Curve4 Input Res.I”01 pow. THD L1 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Curve4 Output Res.I”02 ampl.
Page 467 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 NOTICE! TICE! The available measurement values depend on the device type. If only current analog measurements are available, the recorder can solely use signals which only use current. The same applies, if only voltage analog measurements are available.
Page 468 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Currents Description RL12, RL23, RL31 XL12, XL23, XL31, RL1, RL2, RL3 The phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral resistances, reactances and XL1, XL2, XL3 impedances. Z12, Z23, Z31 ZL1, ZL2, ZL3 Z12Ang, Z23Ang, Z31Ang, The phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral impedance angles.
Page 469 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 4.6.9 - 399. Reported values. Name Range Description • - • I> Trip • I>> Trip • I>>> Trip • I>>>> Trip • IDir> Trip • IDir>> Trip •...
Page 470: Running Hour Counter
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description • A(AB) • B(BC) • A-B(AB-BC) • C(CA) • A-C(AB-CA) • B-C(BC-CA) • A-B-C • Overfrequency Voltage fault type The voltage fault type. • Underfrequency •...
Page 471 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 4 Functions Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description Clear • - Clears "Running hours" and "Start count". hours • Clear The function (abbreviated "RHC" in event block names) generates events from the status changes in the events listed below.
Page 472: Communica A Tion
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 5 Communication 5.1 Connections menu "Connections" menu is found under "Communication" menu. It contains all basic settings of ethernet port and RS-485 serial port included with every AQ-200 device as well as settings of communication option cards.
Page 473 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.1 - 404. Virtual Ethernet settings. Name Description Enable virtual adapter (No / Yes) Enable virtual adapter. Off by default. IP address Set IP address of the virtual adapter. Netmask Set netmask of the virtual adapter.
Page 474: Time Synchronization
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description • None • ModbutRTU • ModbusIO Protocol • IEC103 Communication protocol used by serial fiber channels. • SPA • DNP3 • IEC101 • Off Echo Enable or disable echo.
Page 475: Internal
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 5.2.1 Internal If no external time synchronization source is available the mode should be set to "internal". This means that the AQ-200 device clock runs completely on its own. Time can be set to the device with AQtivate setting tool with Commands →...
Page 476 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 BMCA, Best Master Clock Algorithm, is an algorithm that PTP devices use to determine the best clock source. This is utilized in network segments where there are 2 Grandmaster clocks or in situations where there are no Grandmaster available.
Page 477: Communication Protocols
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description Priority setting used in the execution of the best master clock algorithm. Priority 1 Lower values take precedence Priority setting used in the execution of the best master clock algorithm. Priority 2 Lower values take precedence VLAN...
Page 478 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The device's current IEC 61850 setup can be viewed and edited with the IEC61850 tool ( Tools → Communication → IEC 61850 ). Settings The general setting parameters for the IEC 61850 protocol are visible both in AQtivate and in the local HMI.
Page 479: Logical Device Mode And Logical Node Mode
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Reactive 0.1…1000.0 Determines the data reporting deadband 2 kVar power deadband kVar kVar settings for this measurement. Apparent 0.1…1000.0 Determines the data reporting deadband 2 kVA power deadband settings for this measurement.
Page 480 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.3.1.1 - 414. Behavior descriptions. LNBeh Blocked Test Test / Blocked Function working Data quality Relevant to data Relevant to data q.test = True q.test = True q.validity = Invalid Output to process Accept normal control...
Page 481 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 LDMod LNMod LNBeh Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Test Test Test Blocked Test / Blocked Test Test / Blocked Test / Blocked Blocked Test Test / Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked...
Page 482 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Blocked Test Test / Blocked q.validity = Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as Questionable invalid invalid questionable questionable processed q.test = True q.validity = Invalid Processed as Processed as Processed as Processed as...
Page 483: Goose
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Allow local modes to be modified from setting tool, HMI and IEC61850. This parameter is visible only when "Allow setting of • Prohibited device mode" is enabled. Allow setting of •...
Page 484 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 There are up to 64 GOOSE inputs available for use. Each of the GOOSE inputs also has a corresponding input quality signal which can also be used in internal logic. The quality is good, when the input quality status is "low"...
Page 485 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 These settings can be found from Communication → Protocols → IEC61850/GOOSE → GOOSE Input Settings . Table. 5.3.1.2 - 423. GOOSE input settings. Name Range Description • No In use (Default) Enables and disables the GOOSE input in question.
Page 486 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 GOOSE input values Each of the GOOSE subscriber inputs (1...64) have indications listed in the following table. These indications can be found from Communication → Protocols → IEC61850/GOOSE → GOOSE input values .
Page 487: Modbus/Tcp And Modbus/Rtu
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.3.1.2 - 426. GOOSE event Event block name Event name Description GOOSE1...GOOSE2 GOOSE IN 1...64 ON/OFF Status change of GOOSE input. GOOSE IN 1...64 quality Bad/ GOOSE3...GOOSE4 Status change of GOOSE inputs quality.
Page 488: Iec 103
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.3.2 - 427. Modbus/TCP settings. Parameter Range Description Enable • Disabled Modbus/ Enables and disables the Modbus/TCP on the Ethernet port. • Enabled Defines the IP port used by Modbus/TCP. The standard port (and the default IP port 0…65 535 setting) is 502.
Page 489: Iec 101/104
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Slave address 1…254 Defines the IEC 103 slave address for the unit. Measurement interval 0…60 000 ms 1 ms 2000 ms Defines the interval for the measurements update. 5.3.4 IEC 101/104 The standards IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 are closely related.
Page 490 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description • All • COM A Ethernet Defines which ethernet ports are available for Modbus connection. • Double port Visible if any double ethernet option card is installed in the device. Ethernet card Common...
Page 491: Spa
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Deadband settings. Table. 5.3.4 - 432. Analog change deadband settings. Name Range Step Default Description Determines the general data reporting General deadband 0.1…10.0% 0.1% deadband settings. Active energy deadband 0.1…1000.0kWh 0.1kWh 2kWh Reactive 0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar energy deadband...
Page 492: Dnp3
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.3.5 - 433. SPA setting parameters. Name Range Description 1...899 SPA slave address. address Determines if UTC time is used when synchronizing time. When disabled it is assumed •...
Page 493 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Diagnostic Counts the total number of transmitted messages. 0…2 Transmitted messages Diagnostic - Received Counts the total number of received messages. 0…2 messages Default variations Table.
Page 494: Modbus I/O
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Setting the analog change deadbands Table. 5.3.6 - 436. Analog change deadband settings. Name Range Step Default Description Determines the general data reporting General deadband 0.1…10.0% 0.1% deadband settings. Active energy deadband 0.1…1000.0kWh 0.1kWh 2kWh Reactive 0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar...
Page 495: Analog Fault Registers
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Description Module x • ADAM-4018+ Selects the module type. type • ADAM-4015 Channel Channels in 0…Channel 7 (or Selects the number of channels to be used by the module. None) Table.
Page 496: Modbus Gateway
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description Recorded - 1000 000.00…1 000 Displays the recorded measurement value at the fault 0.01 - 000.00 time of the selected fault register trigger. value 5.5 Modbus Gateway Figure.
Page 497 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 5.5 - 440. General settings Name Range Description • Disabled Modbus Gateway (Default) Enables or disables Modbus Gateway. mode • Enabled Modbus Gateway Setting this parameter to "Reconfigure" takes new settings into use. reconfigure Reconfigure Parameter returns back to "-"...
Page 498 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Default Description Acq. Describe Counter counter signal x Describe integer Acq. signal x Integer x Events The Modbus Gateway generates events the status changes in imported bits and double bits. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.
Page 499 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 5.5 - 225. AQ-250 device can receive signals through modbus and use them to control logic of the device, create mimics and report the values to IEC 61850. The signals received from AQ-103 device can be used for fault indications on AQ-200 device and for reporting the signals forward with IEC 61850 or other communication protocol.
Page 500 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 5 Communication Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 5.5 - 227. Example mimic where sensor activation location is indicated with a symbol. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 501: Connections And Applica A Tion Examples
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 6 Connections and application examples 6.1 Connections of AQ-F255 Figure. 6.1 - 228. AQ-F255 variant without add-on modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 502 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.1 - 229. AQ-F255 variant with digital input and output modules. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 503: Application Example And Its Connections
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.1 - 230. AQ-F255 application example with function block diagram. 6.2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the feeder protection relay. ©...
Page 504: Two-Phase, Three-Wire Aron Input Connection
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Since three line-to-neutral voltages and the zero sequence voltage (U4) are connected, this application uses the voltage measurement mode "3LN+U0" (see the image below). Additionally, the three phase currents and the residual current (I01) are also connected.
Page 505: Trip Circuit Supervision (95)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.3 - 232. ARON connection. The ARON input connection can measure the load symmetrically despite the fact that one of the CTs is missing from the installation. Normally, Phase 2 does not have a current transformer installed as an external fault is much more likely to appear on Lines 1 or 3.
Page 506 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.4 - 233. Trip circuit supervision with one DI and one non-latched trip output. Note that the digital input that monitors the circuit is normally closed, and the same applies to the alarm relay if one is used.
Page 507 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 6.4 - 235. Non-latched trip contact. When the auto-reclosing function is used in feeder applications, the trip output contacts must be non- latched. Trip circuit supervision is generally easier and more reliable to build with non-latched outputs. The open coil remains energized only as long as the circuit breaker is opened and the output releases.
Page 508 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 6 Connections and application examples Instruction manual Version: 2.11 The trip circuit with a latched output contact can be monitored, but only when the circuit breaker's status is "Closed". Whenever the breaker is open, the supervision is blocked by an internal logic scheme.
Page 509: Construction And Installation Tion
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7 Construction and installation 7.1 Construction AQ-X255 is a member of the modular and scalable AQ-200 series, and it includes eleven (11) configurable and modular add-on card slots. As a standard configuration the device includes the CPU module (which consists of the CPU, a number of inputs and outputs, and the power supply) as well as one separate voltage measurement module and one separate current measurement module.
Page 510 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.1 - 239. Modular construction of AQ-X255-XXXXXXX-BBBBBCAAAAJ The modular structure of AQ-X255 allows for scalable solutions for different application requirements. In non-standard configurations slots from C to N accept all available add-on modules, such as digital I/ O modules, integrated arc protection and other special modules.
Page 511 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.1 - 240. AQ-X255 hardware scanning and I/O naming principles. 1. Scan The start-up system; detects and self-tests the CPU module, voltages, communication and the I/ O;...
Page 512: Cpu Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7. –15. Scan A similar operation to Scan 6 (checks which designations have been reserved by modules in previous slots and numbers the new ones accordingly). Thus far this chapter has only explained the installation of I/O add-on cards to the option module slots.
Page 513 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Connector Description X1-1 Digital input 1, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V or 220 V. X1-2 Digital input 2, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V or 220 V. X1-3 Digital input 3, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V or 220 V.
Page 514 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Name Range Step Default Description 0.000…1800.000 0.001 Activation 0.000 s Defines the delay for the status change from 0 to 1. delay DIx Drop- 0.000…1800.000 0.001 0.000 s Defines the delay for the status change from 1 to 0.
Page 515: Current Measurement Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.3 Current measurement module Figure. 7.3 - 242. Module connections with standard and ring lug terminals. Connector Description CTM 1-2 Phase current measurement for phase L1 (A). CTM 3-4 Phase current measurement for phase L2 (B).
Page 516: Voltage Measurement Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.4 Voltage measurement module Figure. 7.4 - 243. Voltage measurement module. Connector Description VTM 1-2 Configurable voltage measurement input U1. VTM 3-4 Configurable voltage measurement input U2. VTM 5-6 Configurable voltage measurement input U3.
Page 517: Option Cards
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5 Option cards 7.5.1 Digital input module (optional) Figure. 7.5.1 - 244. Digital input module (DI8) with eight add-on digital inputs. Description (x = the number of digital inputs in other modules that preceed this one in the Connector configuration) DIx + 1...
Page 518 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled "Construction and installation". For technical details please refer to the chapter titled "Digital input module" in the "Technical data" section of this document.
Page 519 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.5.1 - 245. Digital input state when energizing and de-energizing the digital input channels. Digital input descriptions Option card inputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the menus: •...
Page 520: Digital Output Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5.2 Digital output module (optional) Figure. 7.5.2 - 246. Digital output module (DO5) with five add-on digital outputs. Connector Description X 1–2 OUTx + 1 (1 and 2 pole NO) X 3–4...
Page 521: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 • block settings • event history • disturbance recordings • etc. Table. 7.5.2 - 449. Digital output user description. Name Range Default Description User editable 1...31 Description of the digital output.
Page 522 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Connector Description HSO1 (+, NO) Binary input 1 (+ pole) Binary input 1 ( – pole) The arc protection module is an add-on module with four (4) light sensor channels, two (2) high-speed outputs and one (1) binary input.
Page 523: Rtd Input Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5.4 RTD input module (optional) Figure. 7.5.4 - 248. RTD input module connectors. The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors.
Page 524: Serial Rs-232 Communication Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.5.4 - 249. RTD sensor connection types. 7.5.5 Serial RS-232 communication module (optional) Figure. 7.5.5 - 250. Serial RS-232 module connectors. Connector Name Description • Serial-based communications •...
Page 525 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Connector Name Description COM F – +24 V input Optional external auxiliary voltage for serial fiber Pin 1 COM F – Optional external auxiliary voltage for serial fiber Pin 2 COM F –...
Page 526: Lc Or Rj45 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5.6 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 7.5.6 - 251. LC and RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet module connectors. Connector Description (LC ports) Description (RJ45) •...
Page 527: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5.7 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 7.5.7 - 252. Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module connectors. Connector Description Two-pin connector • IRIG-B input •...
Page 528 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.5.7 - 253. Example of a ring configuration. Figure. 7.5.7 - 254. Example of a multidrop configuration. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 529: Double Rj45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 7.5.8 Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 7.5.8 - 255. Double RJ-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module. Connector Description Two-pin connector • IRIG-B input •...
Page 530: Milliampere Output (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.5.8 - 256. Example of a multidrop configuration. 7.5.9 Milliampere output (mA) I/O module (optional) Figure. 7.5.9 - 257. Milliampere output (mA) I/O module connections. Connector Description Pin 1...
Page 531: Milliampere Input (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Connector Description Pin 5 mA OUT 3 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 6 mA OUT 3 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 7 mA OUT 4 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 8 mA OUT 4 –...
Page 532: Dimensions And Installation
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Connector Description Pin 6 mA OUT 3 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 7 mA OUT 4 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 8 mA OUT 4 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 9 mA IN 1 + connector (0…33 mA) Pin 10...
Page 533 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.6 - 260. Device installation. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 534 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 7 Construction and installation Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Figure. 7.6 - 261. Panel cut-out and spacing of the devices. © Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00015...
Page 535: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8 Technical data 8.1 Hardware 8.1.1 Measurements 8.1.1.1 Current measurement Table. 8.1.1.1 - 451. Technical data for the current measurement module. General information Spare part code #SP-2XX-CM Compatibility AQ-210 and AQ-250 series models Connections...
Page 536 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 25 A (continuous) 100 A (for 10 s) Thermal withstand 500 A (for 1 s) 1250 A (for 0.01 s) Frequency measurement From 6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31 harmonic current range Current measurement range...
Page 537: Voltage Measurement
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.1.2 Voltage measurement Table. 8.1.1.2 - 452. Technical data for the voltage measurement module. General information Spare part code #SP-2XX-VT Compatibility AQ 200 series and AQ 250 series models Connection Measurement channels/VT inputs 4 independent VT inputs (U1, U2, U3 and U4)
Page 538: Power And Energy Measurement
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Voltage inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs (back-up frequency) Pick-up 2.00…50.00 %U , setting step 0.01 x %U Pick-up voltage setting Pick-up current setting (optional) 0.01…50.00 ×...
Page 539: Frequency Measurement
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.1.5 Frequency measurement Table. 8.1.1.5 - 455. Frequency measurement accuracy. Frequency measurement performance Frequency measuring range 6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31 harmonic current or voltage Inaccuracy 10 mHz 8.1.2 CPU &...
Page 540: Cpu Communication Ports
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 8.1.2.1 - 458. Power supply model B Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 18…72 VDC < 20 W (no option cards) Power consumption < 40 W (maximum number of option cards) Maximum permitted interrupt time <...
Page 541: Cpu Digital Inputs
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 8.1.2.2 - 461. Rear panel system communication port B. Port Port media Copper RS-485 Number of ports Features Modbus/RTU IEC 103 Port protocols IEC 101 DNP3 Data transfer rate 65 580 kB/s System integration...
Page 542: Option Cards
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms) at 48 VDC at 110 VDC 0.4 A at 220 VDC 0.2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable: Normally Open / Normally Closed Table.
Page 543: Digital Output Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Pick-up delay Software settable: 0…1800 s Drop-off delay Software settable: 0…1800 s Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off Terminal block connection Screw connection terminal block (standard) Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/10-ST-5,08 Spring cage terminals block (option) Phoenix Contact FKC 2,5/10-STF-5,08 Solid or stranded wire...
Page 544: Point Sensor Arc Protection Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.3.3 Point sensor arc protection module Table. 8.1.3.3 - 467. Technical data for the point sensor arc protection module. General information Spare part code #SP-2XX-ARC Compatibility AQ-200 series & AQ-250 series models Connections Input arc point sensor channels S1, S2, S3, S4 (pressure and light, or light only)
Page 545: Milliampere Output Module (Ma Out & Ma In)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Polarity Normally Off Current drain 3 mA Table. 8.1.3.3 - 470. Terminal block connections Arc point sensor terminal block connections Spring cage terminal block Phoenix Contact DFMC 1,5/ 6-STF-3,5 Solid or stranded wire Nominal cross section 1.5 mm...
Page 546: Milliampere Input Module (Ma Out & Ma In)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Response time @ 5 ms cycle [fixed] < 5 ms mA output scaling range 0...24 mA, setting step 0.001 mA Source signal scaling range -1 000 000.000…1 000 000.0000, setting step 0.0001 Terminal block connection Screw connection terminal block (standard) Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/10-ST-5,08...
Page 547: Rtd Input Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.3.6 RTD input module Table. 8.1.3.6 - 473. Technical data for the RTD input module. General information Spare part code #SP-2xx-RTD Compatibility AQ-200 series & AQ-250 series models Channels 1-8 2/3/4-wire RTD Pt100 or Pt1000...
Page 548: Double Lc 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.3.8 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module Table. 8.1.3.8 - 475. Technical data for the double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module. General information Spare part code #SP-2XX-2XLC Compatibility AQ-200 series &...
Page 549: Display
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.1.4 Display Table. 8.1.4 - 477. Technical data for the HMI TFT display. General information Spare part code #SP-200-DISP Compatibility AQ-250 series models Dimensions and resolution Number of dots/resolution 800 x 480 Size 154.08 ×...
Page 550: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 IDMT setting parameters: - k Time dial setting for IDMT 0.01…25.00, step 0.01 IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 - B IDMT constant 0…5.0000, step 0.0001 - C IDMT constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 Inaccuracy: - IDMT operating time...
Page 551: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time: I ratio > 3 ±1.0 % or ±20 ms - Definite time: I ratio = 1.05…3 ±1.0 % or ±30 ms IDMT setting parameters:...
Page 552: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Characteristic direction Directional, non-directional Operating sector center -180.0…180.0 deg, setting step 0.1 deg Operating sector size (+/-) 1.00…170.00 deg, setting step 0.10 deg 0.10…40.00 × I , setting step 0.01 × I Pick-up current setting Inaccuracy: ±0.5 %I...
Page 553 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Residual current channel I (Coarse) Residual current channel I (Fine) Current input (selectable) Calculated residual current: I (A), I (B), I RMS residual current (I or calculated I TRMS residual current (I or I Current input magnitudes...
Page 554: Intermittent Earth Fault Protection (I0Int>; 67Nt)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Reset time setting 0.000…150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±45 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms 8.2.1.5 Intermittent earth fault protection (I0int>; 67NT) Table.
Page 555: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.6 Negative sequence overcurrent/ phase current reversal/ current unbalance protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L) Table. 8.2.1.6 - 483. Technical data for the current unbalance function. Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I...
Page 556: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.7 Harmonic overcurrent protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H) Table. 8.2.1.7 - 484. Technical data for the harmonic overcurrent function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Residual current channel I (Coarse)
Page 557: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 NOTICE! TICE! Harmonics generally: The amplitude of the harmonic content must must be least 0.02 × I when the relative mode (Ih/IL) is used! Blocking: To achieve fast activation for blocking purposes with the harmonic overcurrent stage, note that the harmonic stage may be activated by a rapid load change or fault situation.
Page 558: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.9 Low-impedance or high-impedance restricted earth fault/ cable end differential protection (I0d>; 87N) Table. 8.2.1.9 - 486. Technical data for the restricted earth fault/cable end differential function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I...
Page 559: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U - Voltage Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms IDMT setting parameters: k Time dial setting for IDMT 0.01…25.00, step 0.01...
Page 560: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV - Voltage Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms IDMT setting parameters:...
Page 561: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Np)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 1.00…50.00 % U0 , setting step 0.01 × I Pick-up voltage setting Inaccuracy: - Voltage U0 ±1.5 %U0 or ±30 mV - Voltage U0Calc ±150 mV Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy:...
Page 562: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV -Voltage Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy -Definite Time (U ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms IDMT setting parameters: k Time dial setting for IDMT...
Page 563: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Inaccuracy: - Definite time (I ratio +/- 50 mHz) ±1.5 % or ±50 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 50 mHz (Fixed) <70 ms (max.
Page 564: Line Thermal Overload Protection (Tf>; 49F)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 20 mHz (overreach) <200 ms ratio +/- 200 mHz (overreach) <90 ms Reset f< and f> frequency limit ±0.020 Hz df/dt ±10.0 % of pick-up or 50 mHz/s...
Page 565: Transformer Thermal Overload Protection (Tt>; 49T)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.17 Transformer thermal overload protection (TT>; 49T) Table. 8.2.1.17 - 494. Technical data for the transformer thermal overload protection function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Current input magnitudes...
Page 566: Power Protection (P, Q, S>/<; 32)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Inaccuracy: Typically <1.0 %P - Active power Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (P ratio 1.05→) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip):...
Page 567: Underimpedance Protection (Z<; 21U)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Start time and instant operation time (trip): <40 ms - PQS /PQS ratio 1.05→ Reset Reset ratio 97 or 103 %P Instant reset time and start-up <40 ms reset 8.2.1.20 Underimpedance protection (Z<;...
Page 568: Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent Protection (Iv>; 51V)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.21 Voltage-restrained overcurrent protection (Iv>; 51V) Table. 8.2.1.21 - 498. Technical data for the voltage-restrained overcurrent protection function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Current input magnitudes RMS phase currents...
Page 569: Volts-Per-Hertz Overexcitation Protection (V/Hz>; 24)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.1.22 Volts-per-hertz overexcitation protection (V/Hz>; 24) Table. 8.2.1.22 - 499. Technical data for the volts-per-hertz overexcitation protection function. Measurement inputs Voltage input Voltage input magnitude Maximum line-to-line voltage Frequency reference 1 CT1IL1, CT2IL1, VT1U1, VT2U1 Frequency reference 2...
Page 570: Arc Fault Protection (Iarc>/I0Arc>; 50Arc/50Narc) (Optional)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Alarm setting range 101.00…2000.00 deg, setting step 0.1 deg (either < or > setting) Inaccuracy ±3 % of the set pick-up value Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up setting Operation Operating time Typically <500 ms...
Page 571: Control Functions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.2 Control functions 8.2.2.1 Setting group selection Table. 8.2.2.1 - 502. Technical data for the setting group selection function. Settings and control modes Setting groups 8 independent, control-prioritized setting groups Control scale Common for all installed functions which support setting groups Control mode...
Page 572: Indicator Object Monitoring
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Object control during auto-reclosing See the technical sheet for the auto-reclosing function. Table. 8.2.2.2 - 504. Technical data for the circuit breaker wear monitoring function. Pick-up Breaker characteristics settings: - Nominal breaking current 0.00…100.00 kA, setting step 0.001 kA - Maximum breaking current...
Page 573: Cold Load Pick-Up (Clpu)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Operating time settings: - Lockout after successful AR 0.000…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s - Object close reclaim time 0.000…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s - AR shot starting delay 0.000…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s - AR shot dead time delay 0.000…1800.000 s, setting step 0.005 s...
Page 574: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 NOTICE! TICE! A single-phase current (IL1, IL2 or IL3) is enough to prolong or release the blocking during an overcurrent condition. 8.2.2.6 Switch-on-to-fault (SOTF) Table. 8.2.2.6 - 508. Technical data for the switch-on-to-fault function. Initialization signals SOTF activate input Any blocking input signal (Object closed signal, etc.)
Page 575: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Voltage inputs Any or all system line-to-line voltage(s) Any or all system line-to-neutral voltage(s) Monitored voltages Specifically chosen line-to-line or line-to-neutral voltage U4 channel voltage Pick-up Pick-up setting 0.05…30.00°, setting step 0.01°...
Page 576: Monitoring Functions
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Reset ratio: - Voltage 99 % of the pick-up voltage setting - Frequency 20 mHz - Angle ±2.0° Activation time Activation (to LD/DL/DD) <35 ms Activation (to Live Live) <60 ms Reset <40 ms...
Page 577: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Instant operation time (alarm): ratio > 1.05 <80 ms (<50 ms in differential protection relays) Reset Reset ratio 97/103 % of the pick-up current setting Instant reset time and start-up reset <80 ms (<50 ms in differential protection relays) 8.2.3.2 Voltage transformer supervision (60) Table.
Page 578: Current Total Harmonic Distortion
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.2.3.3 Current total harmonic distortion Table. 8.2.3.3 - 514. Technical data for the total harmonic distortion function. Input signals Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Residual current channel I (Coarse)
Page 579: Disturbance Recorder
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 0.00…40.00 × I , setting step 0.01 × I Trigger current > Inaccuracy: - Triggering ±0.5 %I or ±15 mA (0.10…4.0 × I Reactance Reactance per kilometer 0.000…5.000 s, setting step 0.001 Ω/km Inaccuracy: - Reactance...
Page 580: Tests And Environmental
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 8.3 Tests and environmental Electrical environment compatibility Table. 8.3 - 518. Disturbance tests. All tests CE-approved and tested according to EN 60255-26 Emissions Conducted emissions: 150 kHz…30 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch.
Page 581 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 8 Technical data Instruction manual Version: 2.11 Table. 8.3 - 521. Environmental tests. Damp heat (cyclic) EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-30 Operational: +25…+55 °C, 93…97 % (RH), 12+12h Dry heat Storage: +70 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-2 Operational: +55 °C, 16 h Cold test...
Page 582: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 9 Ordering information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 9 Ordering information Accessories Order Descrip Description tion Not t e e code code External 6-channel 2 or 3 wires RTD Input module, pre- Requires an external 24 VDC AX007 configured supply.
Page 583 A A Q Q -F255 -F255 9 Ordering information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 AQX014 AQ-250 series raising frame 40mm AQX015 AQ-250 series wall mounting bracket AQ-01A Light point sensor unit (8,000 lux threshold) Max. cable length 200 m AQ-01B Light point sensor unit (25,000 lux threshold) Max.
Page 584: Contact And R Ence Informa Ormation Tion
A A Q Q -F255 -F255 10 Contact and reference information Instruction manual Version: 2.11 10 Contact and reference information Manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370 Website: arcteq.com Technical support:...

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