ISA T1000 PLUS User Manual
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ISA T1000 PLUS User Manual

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DATE: 06/09/2011
DOC.MIE91093
REV. 1.34
T1000 PLUS
APPLICATION GUIDE

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Summary of Contents for ISA T1000 PLUS

  • Page 1 DATE: 06/09/2011 DOC.MIE91093 REV. 1.34 T1000 PLUS APPLICATION GUIDE...
  • Page 2 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 2 of 145 REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA PAGE DATE 20/10/2008 Issued Lodi 1.28 11, 13-15 2/02/2010 Added test header Lodi 1.28 100-111 1/10/2010 Differential relay Lodi test with TD1000 1.30 75 - 83 21/3/2011 Modified Lodi recloser test 1.34 71-83;...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 3 of 145 SHORT FOREWORD ................7 SAFETY AT WORK................. 8 INTRODUCTION .................. 11 1 APPLICATION EXAMPLES ............14 1.1 O VERCURRENT RELAY TESTING ............16 1.1.1. Introduction ..............16 1.1.2. Connection to current outputs ....... 17 1.1.3.
  • Page 4 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 4 of 145 1.6.3. F> Threshold and drop-off ........50 1.6.4. F< Threshold and drop-off ........51 1.6.5. F>> Threshold and drop-off ........51 1.6.6. F<< Threshold and drop-off ........52 1.6.7. Trip and drop-off timing ..........52 1.7 F REQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE RELAY TESTING .........
  • Page 5 RIMARY END TO END TEST ............125 1.16. 1 Test setup ............... 127 1.16.2 Use of SWT3 ..............129 1.16.3 T1000 PLUS setup for End to End test .... 130 1.16. 4 Line differential tests ..........131 1.17 T HERMAL RELAY TESTING ...............
  • Page 6 Every effort has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and up-to- date. In addition, changes are periodically added to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated into new editions of the publication. ISA S.R.L reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the...

  • Page 7: Short Foreword

    I do not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually of help, or I ignore it. This is why I decided to split the T1000 PLUS manual in three: specification, with all performance details; application manual, with instructions about how to use it one its operation is understood;...

  • Page 8: Safety At Work

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 8 of 145 S AFE TY AT W O R K Product hereafter described manufactured tested according to the specifications, and when used for normal applications and within the normal electrical and mechanical limits will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that the standard engineering rules are observed and that it is used by trained personnel only.
  • Page 9 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 9 of 145 Mains supply characteristics are: . Voltage: 230 AC, 50-60 Hz, or 110 VAC, 50-60 Hz; . Power consumption: 1 kW maximum. . The symbol related to dangerous input or output, and is located close to the following points: - Outputs: main 0-250 V AC (500 V for E model);...
  • Page 10 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 10 of 145 IF THE GROUND IS NOT AVAILABLE AT THE MAINS SUPPLY, CONNECT THE TEST SET TO GROUND USING THE DEDICATED SOCKET. In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller, and Manufacturer, declines any and all responsibility due to improper usage, or any usage outside the specified limits.

  • Page 11: Introduction

    Page 11 of 145 I NTR O D U CT IO N The single phase relay test set mod. T1000 PLUS is suited for the testing and adjustments of the following types of relays; the table lists also the paragraph that explains the test procedure.
  • Page 12 PC at a later time, along with settings. The ease of operation has been the first goal of T1000 PLUS: this is why the LCD is graphic, and so large. With it, the dialogue in MENU mode is made easy.
  • Page 13 Additional features are: . Two meters, current and voltage, with independent inputs, allow measuring T1000 PLUS outputs or any other source; . Two auxiliary contacts, that switch at test start, and reset with STOP input, allows simulating the circuit breaker;...

  • Page 14: Application Examples

    So, read the following chapters the first time you use T1000 PLUS, and then, once learned about it, apply what you learned as follows. The following examples include all information related to the test.
  • Page 15 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 15 of 145 All tests performed after setting the header will be grouped together: the TDMS software will group them together, and will allow to show test results with a single result table and diagram. Once a relay has been tested, it is important to change at least the relay serial number, so that results of different relays are not mixed together.

  • Page 16: Overcurrent Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 16 of 145  Don’t save;  Automatic at trip;  Confirm at trip;  Manual. With the selection Automatic at trip, data are immediately saved as soon as the relay trips: this is to be selected when a series of ON+TIME tests are performed.

  • Page 17: Connection To Current Outputs

    The following is the connection schematic. 1.1.2. Connection to current outputs . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Set the current adjustment knob (6) completely counter-...
  • Page 18 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 18 of 145 . If you wish to use the DC voltage output to supply the relay under test, press the button (69), then use knob (20) to adjust the voltage value, that is displayed on the LCD display (23).

  • Page 19: I> Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 19 of 145 . Set the save function, as follows. Test control > Save > Confirm at trip > ESC . Set the timer with the following selections: Timer start/stop > START > INT (RET) STOP >...

  • Page 20: I>> Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 20 of 145 measurement can be found if the starter contact is available. If threshold measurement was not good because you were moving too fast, do not confirm test results and repeat the test. Next, we find the drop-off threshold for I>. From the trip current above, slowly decrease the current;...

  • Page 21: Trip And Drop-Off Timing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 21 of 145 instantaneous threshold; else, if there is only one contact, it is impossible to be measured.. . Select the Maintained test control mode: Test control > Fault injection > Maintained (RET) . Press ON from the trip current above. .

  • Page 22: Connection To Voltage Output

    The following is the connection schematic. 1.2.2. Connection to voltage output . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Press the button (70) to have the AC voltage available.
  • Page 23 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 23 of 145 AUX VAC/VDC > Aux VAC control > Range (RET) Mode > Pre-fault+fault > Pre- fault amplitude > (Value) ESC The range should be the closest one to the high threshold to be generated. The pre-fault amplitude is adjusted by the multi-function knob and display;...

  • Page 24: V> Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 24 of 145 STOP > EXT > Clean (Voltage) (RET) Edge ESC NOTE: stop clean or voltage according to the relay trip contact connections. 1.2.3. V> Threshold and drop-off The first session is finding threshold V>. Select ON; slowly increase the auxiliary AC voltage.

  • Page 25: Trip And Drop-Off Timing

    1.2.6. Hint: how to test a three-phase voltage relay If you have a three phase voltage relay to test, how can you do it given the fact that T1000 PLUS only has two voltage generators? The problem can be easily solved using the two available voltages with a phase shift of 60°, and connecting...

  • Page 26: Hint: Vector Group Test For A Pt Transformer

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 26 of 145 V MAIN V AUX The two voltages shold have the same amplitude, equal to the phase to phase voltage: the connections is shown here below. With this connection, the VN socket of the relay is not connected: the VN point will be created by the relay input transformers.
  • Page 27 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 27 of 145 There's an easy way to check the power transformer vector group. Please make reference to the following wiring diagram.  Connect V main to the transformer HV side phase 1 and 2 (positive and negative). ...

  • Page 28: Dc Voltage Relay Testing

    The following is the connection schematic. 1.3.2. Connection to voltage output . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Set the current adjustment knob (6) completely counter-...
  • Page 29 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 29 of 145 . Connect the relay to the two main DC voltage output sockets (61). . Select the socket measurement pressing the push-button (57): the LED turns on. WARNING: if you do not select the output socket, the test displays false voltage values.

  • Page 30: V< Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 30 of 145 . Set the “Automatic save at trip” function, as follows. Test control > Save > Confirm at trip > ESC . Set the timer with the following selections: Timer start/stop > START > INT (RET) STOP >...

  • Page 31: Trip And Drop-Off Timing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 31 of 145 1.3.4. Trip and drop-off timing Now we can measure trip time: as the DC voltage is removed when we start the test, we have only one value. Press ON and pre-adjust the nominal voltage VN. Select OFF+TIME: as the relay trips, test goes OFF;...

  • Page 32: Reverse Power Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 32 of 145 1.4 R EVERSE POWER RELAY TESTING 1.4.1. Introduction Reverse power relays can be either wattmetric or varmetric. The following note applies to both of them; the only difference is the phase angle between current and voltage. Reverse power relays normally protect generators against reverse power.

  • Page 33: Connection Of The Relay

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 33 of 145 Referring to the above scheme, the voltage V is locked to the network. If the phase angle of the current is higher than 90°, this means that the active power P is negative (working point in 2 or 3rd quadrant).
  • Page 34 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 34 of 145 . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Press the button (70) to have the AC voltage available. . Set the current adjustment knob (6) completely counter- clockwise.
  • Page 35 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 35 of 145 function knob and display; the value is computed from the nominal relay (phase – to – phase) voltage VN: V pre-fault = VN/1.73 Standard values are: 57.8 V for VN = 100 V; 63.5 V for VN = 110 V.
  • Page 36 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 36 of 145 . The relay has a nominal power PN; the threshold is a percentage of PN, P%. From PN compute the nominal current IN = PN *1.73/ VN. NOTE: in case of three phase relay, IN shall be divided by three.

  • Page 37: P% Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 37 of 145 . Set the “Automatic save at trip” function, as follows. Test control > Save > Confirm at trip > ESC 1.4.3. P% Threshold and drop-off . The first session is finding P%. .

  • Page 38: Trip And Drop-Off Timing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 38 of 145 . Set the current to voltage angle at next value. . Select ON; slowly increase the current. As the relay trips, the display shows the corresponding single-phase active and reactive power. If the relay is properly set, the active power should be the same as test before, and should display P%, while the reactive power should be 1.73 * P%.

  • Page 39: Directional Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 39 of 145 1.5 D IRECTIONAL RELAY TESTING 1.5.1 Introduction These relays are used to protect MV feeders against Earth faults by detecting the residual voltage V , the residual current and the relative angle. Normally the current is lagging; for neutral isolated lines, I ...
  • Page 40 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 40 of 145 Characteristic Angle Operating zone Non Operating zone Limits between operating and a non operating zone are at around +115° and +285°. This limits can be found with an angle search, starting from the non operating zone (I 180°) towards the operative zone, until the relay trips.

  • Page 41: Connection Of The Relay

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 41 of 145 at I Characteristic V = - 90° X = CURRENT [ A ] Y = VOLTAGE [ V ]  V1=100 V  I1= 5 mA Phase R Lower Limit We want to find this point... Operating zone ...
  • Page 42 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 42 of 145 . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Set the current adjustment knob (6) completely counter- clockwise. . If you wish to use the DC voltage output to supply the relay...
  • Page 43 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 43 of 145 . Select the auxiliary voltage range and the fault mode as follows. AUX VAC/VDC > Aux VAC control > Range (RET) Mode > Fault > ESC The range should be the closest one to the voltage to be generated.

  • Page 44: Mta And Angle Sector

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 44 of 145 1.5.3. MTA and angle sector The first tests serve to measure the MTA and angle sector. We will perform a threshold test by moving the test point on a circle in the V-I plane. TAKE CARE: φ1 is the angle at which you enter the operating area, with the positive direction of angles;...
  • Page 45 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 45 of 145 . Continue to increase the phase shift, until the relay trips: 2 trip is found. As the relay trips, save the trip values. . From this phase angle, slowly decrease the phase shift, until the relay resets: 2 drop-off is found.

  • Page 46: Curve Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 46 of 145 1.5.4. V-I curve test The V-I curve is tested setting the phase shift at MTA, and modifying the current at constant voltage, or the voltage at constant current. In our figure we have two points: P1 = 100 V, 5 mA;...

  • Page 47: Trip And Drop-Off Timing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 47 of 145 then, the standard measurement is restored. Confirm save results pressing the multi-function knob, and proceed: the display shows the corresponding single-phase power. . From this voltage value, slowly reduce it, until the relay resets: P2 drop-off is found.

  • Page 48: Over And Under Frequency Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 48 of 145 1.6 O VER AND UNDER FREQUENCY RELAY TESTING 1.6.1. Introduction Frequency relay monitor the frequency of generator voltage outputs; if the upper or lower frequency threshold is reached, the relay issues a trip command for the circuit breaker, in order to preserve the generator safety.

  • Page 49: Connection To Voltage Output

    Page 49 of 145 1.6.2. Connection to voltage output The following is the connection schematic, . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Press the button (70) to have the AC voltage available. . If you wish to use the DC voltage output to supply the relay...

  • Page 50: F> Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 50 of 145 The range should be the closest one to the nominal voltage. The pre-fault amplitude is adjusted by the multi-function knob and display; the value is computed from the nominal relay (phase – to – phase) voltage VN: V pre-fault = VN/1.73 Standard values are: 57.8 V for VN = 100 V;...

  • Page 51: F< Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 51 of 145 frequency should be changed quite slowly. If threshold measurement was not good because you were moving too fast, do not confirm test results and repeat the test. Next, we find the drop-off threshold for F>. From the frequency above, slowly decrease it;...

  • Page 52: F<< Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 52 of 145 frequency, and take note of the timing T1. Compute tmax as 80% of T1. Set the Save function, and Timed test, as follows. Test control > Fault injection > Timed > tmax (RET) Save >...
  • Page 53 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 53 of 145 Now we can measure the drop-off timing. First thing, select the NO (or NC) level for the relay reset contact: Timer start/stop > STOP > EXT > Clean (Voltage) > NC (NO) ESC Now, press ON and pre-adjust the frequency at a value where the relay trips.

  • Page 54: Frequency Rate Of Change Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 54 of 145 1.7 F REQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE RELAY TESTING 1.7.1. Introduction This type of relay monitors the line frequency and whenever a quick variation is detected, it operates. Normally it is used to disconnect loads from the line and to preserve the stability of the whole network.

  • Page 55: Connection To Voltage Output

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 55 of 145 threshold MXROC; else, it does not trip. The characteristic curve is the following. In the dashed area the relay trips only if the ROC is higher than the threshold. 1.7.2. Connection to voltage output The following is the connection schematic.
  • Page 56 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 56 of 145 . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Press the button (70) to have the AC voltage available. . If you wish to use the DC voltage output to supply the relay...

  • Page 57: Mxroc Threshold

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 57 of 145 V pre-fault = VN/1.73 Standard values are: 57.8 V for VN = 100 V; 63.5 V for VN = 110 V. After this adjustment the pre-fault voltage is generated prior to all tests, as the unit is OFF. Select ON: as the test is started, the voltage goes to the fault value, that is adjusted by the knob (20).

  • Page 58: F>> Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 58 of 145 Save > Confirm at trip > ESC Now, set the starting frequency to F>; then, set the first value for ROC: AUX VAC/VDC > Aux VAC control > Frequency > Adjust F> (RET) Adjust ROC Press ON+TEST, and see if the relay trips.
  • Page 59 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 59 of 145 . Program the starting frequency = FNOM, and a ROC greater than MXROC, say ROC(33). . Press ON+TIME and check for the trip time Tt. This delay is the sum of T1 plus the time it has taken to reach F> (or F< with negative ROC);...

  • Page 60: Synchronizing Relay Testing

    RELAY V1 from the generator and V2 from the power line: we simulate this situation on T1000 PLUS connecting an input to the main AC voltage output, and the other one to the auxiliary voltage output. We will take...

  • Page 61: Connection To Voltage Outputs

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 61 of 145 main voltage output is OFF; so, threshold tests are performed the following way: . After pressing ON, values are adjusted first so that the relay does not give permission; . We make sure that the relay is not tripped looking at light (42);...
  • Page 62 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 62 of 145 . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Press the button (70) to have the AC voltage available. . If you wish to use the DC voltage output to supply the relay...

  • Page 63: Voltage Threshold And Drop-Off

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 63 of 145 1.8.3. Voltage threshold and drop-off We start from a situation where: . Amplitudes are different; . Phase is 0°; . Frequency is the same (the mains). From this, we will modify an amplitude, until the relay trips: this is the voltage threshold.

  • Page 64: Angle Threshold

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 64 of 145 1.8.4. Angle threshold We start from a situation where: . Amplitudes are the same, and equal to VN; . Phase is different: it can be more or less than zero; two angle thresholds, A> and A<, will be found; .
  • Page 65 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 65 of 145 This means that V2 turns slightly quicker than V1, so V1 sees V2 turning at a frequency of F = 50.1-50 = 0.1Hz: 1 turn every 10”. This means an angle variation of 360° / 10s = 36°/s.
  • Page 66 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 66 of 145 time that allows the relay to reset; after this, test starts by changing only the frequency of V2. This explained, the test procedure is the following. . Adjust the pre-fault amplitude of V2 to VN: AUX VAC/VDC >...
  • Page 67 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 67 of 145 . The test is repeated with FTEST < FNOM. The procedure gives also trip times.

  • Page 68: Timer Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 68 of 145 1.9 T IMER TEST It is possible to test timers by using the output (67). The test is performed like the time delay test for current relays. The following is the connection schematic. Connect the start of the timer to the normally open or normally close contact of sockets (67), depending on the type of timer under test.

  • Page 69: Loss Of Field Relay Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 69 of 145 1.10 L OSS OF FIELD RELAY TESTING The typical connection schematic is the following. The relay monitors voltage and current outputs of the protected generator, and whenever a fault condition is detected, the relay will cause the switchgear to trip in order to preserve the generator safety.
  • Page 70 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 70 of 145 Reactance Resistance -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 8 10 Relay Characteristic Generator Working Point The relay detect the loss of field fault when the working point enters the relay characteristic curve (the circle). The typical parameters for LOF relays are the following.
  • Page 71 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 71 of 145 The characteristic curve depends upon: voltage; current; phase angle between them. The test of the characteristic curve is therefore performed by a number of threshold tests, where each point is found by setting two parameters as fixed and changing the third one.
  • Page 72 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 72 of 145 ZB = (K1+K2)*ZN = 12,72 Ohm. . Choose the parameters corresponding to point A. As Z = V/I, taking V as the reference, on the X axis the I angle is – 90°, or 270°...

  • Page 73: Automatic Recloser Testing

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 73 of 145 Last, what about testing other points, like D? You can either set current and angle and decrease the voltage, or set current and voltage and decrease the angle. The following is the connection schematic. 1.11 A UTOMATIC RECLOSER TESTING 1.11.1 Introduction...
  • Page 74 . Verify that, if the fault occurs before TD expires, there is no Reclose command after N faults. The test is performed taking advantage of the features offered by T1000 PLUS. Two test sequences are foreseen:  Normal reclose test;...
  • Page 75 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 75 of 145 command falling edge (Tof); from the Open command leading edge (Ton): see the following design.

  • Page 76: Normal Recloser Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 76 of 145 FAULT OPEN CLOS  ONE INPUT. If unchecked, we perform the test of a normal Recloser; if checked, we perform the test of a pole mounted CB.  BREAKER SIMUL: if checked, during the test the auxiliary relay simulates the CB position: this is often a mandatory input to the Recloser.
  • Page 77 Rev. 1.34 Page 77 of 145 . Current and voltage outputs of T1000 PLUS will be connected to the relay, according to the type of relay. The instructions for the connection are given in the paragraph related to the relay.
  • Page 78 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 78 of 145 times depends upon the programmed value for the reclaim time TD: .. If the programmed value is more than the recloser setting, then the test set will generate N+1 faults, followed by N+1 fast Close commands (because they are all new faults);...
  • Page 79 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 79 of 145 tests will continue until fault N+1 is generated, followed by open N+1 and reclose N+1. . Second test: TD is programmed smaller than the set reclaim TDr, for instance 0.95*TDr. Program the number of tests N foreseen by the Recloser.

  • Page 80: Normal Recloser Test Programming

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 80 of 145 1.11.3 Normal recloser test programming First of all, press ON and pre-set current (and voltage) values such that the relay trips. Note that after this operation it is necessary to reset the internal memory of the Recloser: this is achieved by removing for a short time the auxiliary supply.
  • Page 81 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 81 of 145 Start the test with ON+TIME. For each fault X, the display shows on one line two test results: to the right, the relay trip delay; to the left, the reclose delay. Test result time are four digits with autoranging, so that the percent accuracy is the same for fast and slow reclose times.

  • Page 82: Pole Mounted Cb Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 82 of 145 NOTE: if it is wished to avoid waiting this time, which can be very long, select OFF to stop the test: test results will be saved anyway, and the last delay, no trip, will be displayed as 0.000.
  • Page 83 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 83 of 145 . After a Close command, the test set generates a new fault after a delay equal to TD, until N+1 tests are performed; . After the last fault, the test set waits until it is sure that no reclose command arrives.
  • Page 84 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 84 of 145 The first fault starts the sequence. The CB opens after D1, and then closes after R1. The test set automatically injects fault No. 2 after the programmed TD, that is more than TDr: the CB opens and closes again.

  • Page 85: Pole Mounted Cb Test Programming

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 85 of 145 1.11.5 Pole mounted CB test programming First of all, press ON and pre-set current (and voltage) values such that the CB trips. Note that after this operation it is necessary to wait until the internal memory of the Recloser resets.
  • Page 86 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 86 of 145 digits with autoranging, so that the percent accuracy is the same for fast and slow reclose times. It is possible to monitor the test evolution looking at these times, and also at the STOP light.

  • Page 87: Distance Relay Testing

    . Currents are in phase with the power supply. This means that it is necessary to choose the proper T1000 PLUS power supply connection as a function of the type of power supply (single phase or three phase), and to compute voltage phase angles accordingly.
  • Page 88 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 88 of 145 The first decision for the operator is to select the angle at which he wants to perform the test. It can be that purpose of the test is to check a limited number of settings; if so, they are typically given at the line angle (usually 75°...

  • Page 89: Definition Of Terms

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 89 of 145 During our tests, we do not modify the test angle and the test current: as a consequence, the fault impedance becomes a function of the test voltage only. Now, the point is that a setting of nominal value Z is verified when we find that: .

  • Page 90: Relay Connection

    Φ(I-V) ranging from 0° to 90°. 1.12.3. Relay connection The first thing is to connect the three T1000 PLUS to the relay to be tested. The connection depends upon the type of test: single phase, phase to phase; three phase. The phase angle of...
  • Page 91 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 91 of 145 PH 3-1 1 PH Note: in phase to phase faults, currents are equal in module and opposite in phase. CONNECTION OF THREE T1000 PLUS TO THE DISTANCE RELAY...

  • Page 92: Test Conduction

    180° 1.12.4 Test conduction Of the three T1000 PLUS, we will consider the one connected to phase 1 as the “Master”: it drives the test of all T1000 PLUS as follows. The test is performed taking advantage of the External...

  • Page 93: Single Phase Fault

    . Program the auxiliary contact closure on T1000 PLUS-1: TEST CONTROL > Auxiliary contact (delay = 0) ESC . Press ON+TIME on T1000 PLUS no. 2 and 3: no output is generated; timer does not start; . Press ON+TIME on T1000 PLUS-1: outputs are generated and timers start on all T1000 PLUS.
  • Page 94 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 94 of 145  This instance applies to phase 1 fault: as test starts, the value of V1 goes from VN to Vf; at the meantime, If is applied, at the pre-set phase angle. 1) Fault current The current will be adjusted only on the faulty phase (1, 2 or 3), while the others remain at zero;...
  • Page 95 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 95 of 145 SUPPLY FAULT PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 3 PHASE Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) 1 PHASE PHASE 1 Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) 240° 120° PHASE 2 Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) 120° 240° PHASE 3 Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) Φ(I-V) 240°...
  • Page 96 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 96 of 145 Z1 = (VT11+VT12)/(2*If*(1+KoL)) Once a limit has been found, repeat the test for other zone limits. During these tests, current and phase are no more modified. Example. Let us assume that the distance relay to be tested has the following settings at line angle (75°).

  • Page 97: Phase To Phase Fault

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 97 of 145 time and no trip. This limit can also be found starting the test with V1=VN, and then lowering V1 until the relay trips. If the starter is over-current, and it is desired to find threshold settings IVN and IVo, the test is performed as a time independent over-current relay, but test voltage will be 0 V for the test of IVo, and VN for the test of IVN.
  • Page 98 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 98 of 145 to test phase to phase faults by modifying the fault voltage amplitudes only, provided that the zone limit is very close to the nominal setting, and amplitude changes do not exceed 5%: if they are more, also phase angles must be computed and changed.
  • Page 99 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 99 of 145 2) Phase to phase fault voltage The phase to phase voltage is: Vf = Z*If*2 For instance: If = 10 A Vf = 20 * Z; with Z = 1 Ohm, Vf = 20 V. 3) Phase fault voltage For both faulty phases, the phase fault voltage is: VX = 0.5* sqrt(VN^2 + Vf^2)
  • Page 100 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 100 of 145 FAULT 30°-φ 0° -30° - ANGLE φ -30° -φ 30°-φ 0° 0° -30° -φ 30°-φ PRE-FAULT - (60° - 0° 60° - ANGLE φX1) φX1 60° - φX1 - (60° - φX1) 0°...

  • Page 101: Three Phase Fault

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 101 of 145 The approximation is that we change only fault voltages and not the corresponding angle: the drawing explains the approximation. V’2 V’3 If the fault voltage needs to be increased more than 5%; else, also phase angles must be computed and changed.
  • Page 102 Start the test; adjust the fault current; adjust the fault voltage at 30 V. Now select on all T1000 PLUS the auxiliary Vac phase with respect to the current, as follows: AUX VAC/DC > Aux Vac control > Phase > Reference: current ESC This adjustment will not be modified during tests.
  • Page 103 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 103 of 145 3) Zone limits test Given the fault impedances Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 of the zone limits, compute as follows the corresponding fault voltages V1, V2, V3, V4: Vf = Z*If For instance: If = 10 A Vf = 10 * Z These voltages are the limits between following zones, as with the other faults.
  • Page 104 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 104 of 145 We choose If = 8 A; the corresponding zone limit voltages are: V1 = 1.6 V; V2 = 3.2 V; V3 = 8 V; VSTART = 16 V. We adjust all currents to 8 A; the V-I phase angle is -75° (line side) or 105°...

  • Page 105: Test Of Converters

    AC voltage, DC voltage to the converter, and the connection of the converter output to the low range DC current measurement input of T1000 PLUS. This scheme applies to converters having a conversion error of 2% up. For more accurate tests, you need a reference converter.
  • Page 106 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 106 of 145 The test procedure is simple: . Firs of all, supply the converter and measure the zero input current (nominally 4 mA). Next, select values generated; compute corresponding current measurement, and prepare a calibration table.

  • Page 107: Test Of Energy Meters

    EST OF ENERGY METERS Energy meters can be single phase or three phase; in the second case, with three or two equipments. As T1000 PLUS is a single phase generator, it is possible to test single phase meters, or three phase with three or two equipments, provided that voltages are connected in parallel and currents in series.
  • Page 108 . Define the corresponding number of impulses N = EN / Ks. . Press ON and adjust current, voltage, angle to the desired values. Press OFF. . Select on T1000 PLUS the COUNT mode; program a number of impulses equal to N: TIMER START/STOP > Stop > Count (N) ESC .
  • Page 109 . Define the corresponding number of impulses N = EN / Ks. . Press ON and adjust current, voltage, angle to the desired values. Press OFF. . Select on T1000 PLUS the COUNT mode; program a number of impulses equal to N: TIMER START/STOP > Stop > Count (N) ESC .
  • Page 110 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 110 of 145 Et = N * Kt The error of the meter under test is: E% = (Et – Es) * 100 / Es NOTE. If it is desired to wait some turn prior to start the energy measurement, it is possible to connect the impulse input to both START and STOP input.
  • Page 111 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 111 of 145 Next, start the Energy Meter program, select the Manual test to feed the meter, and move the adjustment knob so that the LED on the head front blinks as the mark is passing below the head: the clockwise knob rotation increases the detector sensitivity.

  • Page 112: Transformer Differential Relay Testing With D1000 Or Td1000 Plus

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 112 of 145 1.15 D1000 RANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TESTING WITH TD1000 PLUS 1.15.1 Introduction This test is performed taking advantage of the option D1000 or of the model TD1000 PLUS, that allow performing the following tests of differential relays: ...
  • Page 113 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 113 of 145 A perfect test would require the use of 6 output currents; however, T1000 PLUS D1000 generate only two currents, and only in phase, only a single phase test can be performed. The setting of the differential relay is computed by computing the transformer taps, that are the Ipu (per unit current) after the CT on both HV and LV sides, when the transformer is at full load.

  • Page 114: The Restraint And The Differential Current

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 114 of 145 1.15.3 The Restraint and the Differential current We define IR as Restraint current and it is normally given as the average between current I and I , where:  : transformer primary side pu current ...

  • Page 115: Connection To The Relay

    A1 is the internal measure of T1000 PLUS.  A2 is the External measure of T1000 PLUS . The test principle is that we apply the restraint current to two inputs, primary and secondary, of one phase of the differential...
  • Page 116 The following is the D1000 front panel. There are two pairs of sockets: IN and OUT. IN is to be connected to the VCAUX output of T1000 PLUS; D1000 converts the voltage into current, and generates the differential current, that is measured prior to connection to the relay.
  • Page 117 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 117 of 145 The direction of the current is indifferent: on one direction, ID adds to IR; on the other one, it subtracts. With this arrangement, the test result is quite accurate, as we measure ID directly, rather than finding it from I1 –...
  • Page 118 Page 118 of 145 In both instances D1000 or TD1000, the followings are the test steps.  Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on.  Set the current adjustment knob (6) and the voltage adjustment knob (20) completely counter-clockwise.

  • Page 119: Characteristic Curve Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 119 of 145  If you have TD1000, connect the a and n relay inputs to the red and black sockets of the AC aux output: it will generate the I2 current.  Select ON and check if you can easily adjust the desired current, acting on knob (6).
  • Page 120 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 120 of 145 of the curve will not be tested. With TD1000, the maximum value for I2 is 20 A; if the current I2 is greater than this, connect the AUX output as with D1000. As the curve is of the type parameter versus parameter, all its points are the result of a threshold test.

  • Page 121: Displaying Characteristic With X-Pro 1000

    1.15.6 Displaying characteristic with X-Pro 1000 First of all, transfer to the computer all records stored in the memory of the T1000 PLUS. The parameter involved in the test are Iac and Ext I… you can show them directly in the software…...
  • Page 122 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 122 of 145 4: Edit the Formula 1 5: and confirm The relative graph could be as follows… not too bad for a manual test:...

  • Page 123: Connections For Different Transformers

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 123 of 145 1.15.7 Connections for different transformers Here below the connections for the most common situations. Beware of the following. When you test relays for Yd or Dy Transformers, since  the test is performed in single phase mode, a √3 = 1.732 coefficient is to be applied on the current flowing in the Y connected pole.

  • Page 124: Second Harmonic Restraint Test

         Therefore, applying current Iac only (from T1000 PLUS)  may result in a trip even when the current generated by the D1000 is zero: you must increase D1000 current until the relay contact drops out If transformer Taps have to be taken into account, the ...

  • Page 125: Primary End To End Test

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 125 of 145 generation on the auxiliary output: the currents add, and produce a second harmonic distorted current. This current is applied to one of the relay inputs. I1 + I2 100 Hz 50 Hz Test procedure: Connect the two currents to the relay input;...
  • Page 126 The double ended injection requires 2 x T1000 PLUS in addition to 2 x GPS and 2 x SWT3. NOTE T1000 PLUS is a single phase test set. The phase reference of the output current depends upon the Mains voltage supply of the test set.

  • Page 127: Test Setup

    1.16. 1 Test setup To perform the test it is necessary the following material at both ends:  1 x T1000 PLUS: current generator  1 x GPS: with antenna and cables for the synchronization  1 x SWT3: to change the Mains supply ...
  • Page 128 5. Connect the power supply of the T1000 PLUS to the SWT3 output 6. Connect the 100 A output of the T1000 PLUS to the HCSW by means of the short test leads 7. Connect the output of the HCSW to the CT HV terminals phase R.

  • Page 129: Use Of Swt3

    Dy11 transformer. Based on this, we have some cases: Both transformers at the two ends are Dy1 In this case, supposing you have connected the T1000 PLUS to phase R in the remote end, you have three possibilities on the...

  • Page 130: T1000 Plus Setup For End To End Test

    In this case there are already 60° phase shift between phase R local end and the phase R of the remote end. Supposing you have connected the T1000 PLUS to phase R in the remote end, you have three possibilities on the local end:...

  • Page 131: Line Differential Tests

    Double ended injection we’ll perform each test one by one: 1.16.4.1 SOTF pick up This test is performed with a single ended injection. No need to synchronize with the remote end.  Press On + Time (Left Arrow) on the T1000 PLUS.

  • Page 132: Thermal Relay Testing

    This test is performed with a double ended injection. You need to synchronize with the remote end. 1. Press On + Time (Left Arrow) on the T1000 PLUS. 2. Slowly increase the current output in one and only until the relay trips 3.

  • Page 133: Low - Voltage And Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker Tests

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 133 of 145 In both instances, the relay behaves in a way that is similar to an over-current relay, unless for the fact that there is no threshold to be found, but only to measure the time delay as a function of the current, that is related to the temperature by the computation formulas.

  • Page 134: Connection To Current Outputs

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 134 of 145 1.18.2. Connection to current outputs . Power-on T1000 PLUS, acting on switch (2): the internal light turns on. . Set the current adjustment knob (6) completely counter- clockwise. . The connection of the test set to the CB under test is very simple: .

  • Page 135: I> Threshold

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 135 of 145 . Usually, CB’s have a time-dependent characteristic. Of this CB we want to find and save trip and drop-off thresholds, and also the time-dependent curve. . Set the save function, as follows. Test control >...

  • Page 136: Intervention Curve

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 136 of 145 restored. Confirm save results pressing the multi-function knob, and proceed. 1.18.4. Intervention curve Now we can measure trip timings, following the I-t curve with as many points as desired. Now, press ON and pre-adjust the first test current: if the CB trips, don’t save test result;...

  • Page 137: Test Set Connection

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 137 of 145 . Take from the label the following parameters: nominal current IN; VA rating; accuracy class (for instance, 5P20). Then, compute: . Maximum voltage at IN: Max V(IN) = VA / IN; . Knee voltage = Max V(IN) * P Example: IN = 5 A;...

  • Page 138: Test Execution

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 138 of 145 All you have to do is to connect the main AC voltage output to the CT’s secondary, putting in series the internal current meter. 1.19.2. Test execution The test execution is the following one. ...
  • Page 139 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 139 of 145 In this CT, the nominal voltage knee is 160 V. When Vac is 165 V, formula 1 says 181 V; correspondingly, Formula 2 says 45 mA. Now, go to the Vac value of 181 V, and you find a current sink of 45 mA: this means that 165 V is the measured voltage knee.

  • Page 140: Appendix 1 Overcurrent Relays

    DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 140 of 145 AP PE N DI X 1 O VE R C UR RE NT R EL A YS There are many types of time-dependent curves. They follow standards set by IEC, IEEE, IAC, ANSI, US, and are defined as Standard Inverse;...
  • Page 141 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 141 of 145 IEEE - US Inverse 29.75 IEEE - US Short Inverse 0.0171 0.0131 0.02 With IAC and ANSI standards, the different curves correspond to the following formula.       ...
  • Page 142 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 142 of 145 With US standards, the different curves correspond to the following formula.                      ...
  • Page 143 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 143 of 145 Here are the nominal inverse time characteristics for Normal, Very, Extremely and Long Time Inverse, plotted for KT from 0,1 to 1, for the case of IEC definitions.
  • Page 144 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 144 of 145 B) Parameter t (I>) The Time Current Curves are calculated with the following equation:         where:          ...
  • Page 145 DOC. MIE91093 Rev. 1.34 Page 145 of 145 Curve Type with Time Dial Setting IEC Class A 0.14 0.02 Standard Inverse IEC Class B Very 13.5 Inverse IEC Class C Extremely Inverse IEC Long Time Inverse IEC Short Time 0.05 0.04 Inverse IEEE - US...

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