Maximum External Preload Inserted By The Application - THORLABS APF503 User Manual

APF503, APF705 and APF710 Amplified Flexure Piezo Actuators
voltage and the white wire (APF7 series) or black wire (APF5 series) should be
grounded.
Note
Typically, the black/white wire should be used as a ground reference (e.g.
connecting to chassis of controller), and a bipolar power supply used to drive the red
wire -30V to 150V.
However, given the commonly accepted description of voltage as a relative
difference in the electrical field, the DC voltage applied to red wire and black/white
wire should be at the range of -30V and 150V. Customers without a bipolar power
supply can apply +30V to black/white wire, and 0V to red wire, to create a -30V
difference, which would compress the piezo (and hence pushes up the amplifier).
Alternatively, you can apply a +30V to black/white wire and +180V to red wire to
achieve a +150V difference between the two electrodes of the piezo chips.

3.4 Maximum External Preload Inserted by the Application

In order for the piezo stack to function correctly, it must be under a preload. The piezo
flexure assembly has a preset preload. When integrating into an assembly/
application, a maximum limit per direction of preload onto the actuator must be
followed. This could be a total of gravitational forces plus reaction forces from a set of
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